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1
Padel, Felix. "British rule and the Konds of Orissa : a study of tribal administration and its ligitimating discourse." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330098.
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Li, Anshan. "British rule and rural protest in southern Ghana /." New York : Peter Lang, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38908540k.
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Macleod, Calum Angus. "The end of British rule in South Arabia, 1959-1967." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23107.
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This thesis analyses British policy in the final years of colonial rule in Aden and the Aden Protectorate (South Arabia), the period 1959 to 1967. This work deals first with the first century of British rule in Aden, from the capture of the port in 1839 until the end of the Second World War in 1945, examining the role of the Colony in British overseas policy. Secondly, the thesis gives the international and regional background to the period in question by giving a summary of British overseas policy, the Cold War and the Arab Cold War in the period 1945 to 1967. Thirdly, it tackles the history of colonial rule between 1945 and 1959, covering the increasing value of Aden to British defence policy in the Middle East, as well as the creation of a Federation among the local rulers in an attempt to bolster Britain's closest allies in South Arabia. The fourth point of the thesis is the examination of British defence policy, 1959 to 1963, which saw the military base in Aden become vital to London's overseas policy. This period saw Aden merge with the Federation, against a background of opposition from Arab Nationalists, in an attempt to secure British interests. Fifthly, the thesis analyses the gradual loss of British control over events in Aden and the Federation as the Arab Nationalist campaign became increasingly effective. The British Government finally decided to grant independence to appease the opposition, but retain the base for the defence of Britain's overseas interests. The thesis then attempts to chart the rise of the eventual victors in the conflict, the 'Marxist' National Liberation Front and its rivalry with other Arab Nationalist groups. Finally, the thesis examines the final period of British rule in Aden, from the Defence White Paper of February 1966, when the decision was taken to cut many of Britain overseas commitments, including the base in Aden, to the withdrawal of November 1967. This period saw the disintegration of the Federation and the inability of the British to prevent the Nationalists taking power. The thesis concludes that towards the end of colonial rule, British policy in South Arabia was incoherent and suffered from division among the different Government departments. Furthermore, the inability to protect the Federation effectively enabled the Nationalists to undermine Britain's only allies in the Protectorate.
4
Mangion, Raymond. "Maltese legislation, 1914-1964." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251481.
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Morrison, Alexander. "Russian rule in Samarkand 1868-1910 : a comparison with British India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419089.
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Mawut, Lazarus Leek. "The Southern Sudan under British Rule 1898-1924 : the constraints reassessed." Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/971/.
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Travers, Thomas Robert. "Contested notions of sovereignty in Bengal under British rule, 1765-1785." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272067.
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Munn, Christopher Charles. "Anglo-China, Chinese people and British rule in Hong Kong, 1841-1870." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0006/NQ35261.pdf.
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Frenz, Margret. "From contact to conquest : transition to British rule in Malabar, 1790 - 1805 /." New Delhi [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy043/2003277800.html.
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Wallis, Russell Mark. "The vagaries of British compassion : a contextualized analysis of British reactions to the persecution of Jews under Nazi rule." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/e8de6ecc-ffbd-4004-9993-23bc98fbbf6a/9/.
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This thesis explores British reactions to the persecution and mass murder of the Jews under Nazi rule. It uniquely provides a deep context by examining British responses to a number of man-made humanitarian disasters between 1914 and 1943. In doing so it takes into account changing context, the memory of previous atrocities and the making and re-making of British national identity. It shows that although each reaction was distinctive, common strands bound British confrontation with foreign atrocity. Mostly, the British consciously reacted in accordance with a long ‘tradition’ of altruism for the oppressed. This tradition had become a part and parcel of how the British saw themselves. The memory of past atrocity provided the framework for subsequent engagement with an increasingly dangerous and unpredictable world. By tracking the discursive pattern of the atrocity discourse, the evidence reveals that a variety of so-called ‘others’ were cast and recast in the British imagination. Therefore, a disparate group of ‘foreign’ victims were the beneficiaries of nationwide indignation almost regardless of the way the government eventually was able to contain or accommodate public protest. When Jews were victims there was a break with this tradition. The thesis shows that atrocity was fully comprehended by Britons but that Jews did not evoke the intensity or longevity of compassion meted out to others. In other words it shows that the reaction to Jewish suffering was particular. They were subject to a hierarchy of compassion.
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Kadioglu, Pinar. "The Rise Of Ethno-nationalism In Cyprus Under The British Rule: 1878-1960." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612298/index.pdf.
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This thesis is an attempt to inquire the origins of the Cyprus conflict by analyzing the historical developments that laid the ground for the inter-communal dispute in the late 1950s, while focusing on the structural dimension of the rise of ethnonationalisms in the island. The special emphasis is given to the British period 1878-1960 in the historical analysis since the ethno-religious identity consciousnesses of the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities in the island started to turn into ethnonational ones and later into antagonistic nationalisms during this era. The study&rsquos underlying premise is that although different identity perceptions existed much earlier among the two communities of the island, the inconsistent policies of the British administration that shifted in accordance with its interests in the Mediterranean region enabled the emergence of a conducive environment for the politicization and manipulation of these diverse identity perceptions. The Greek and Turkish nationalisms gained strength in this era and gradually transformed into antagonistic nationalisms motivated by different political goals about the future of the island. These developments would be the main reason of the inter-communal violence in Cyprus that arose in late 1950s and also in the following years till the permanent territorial partition in 1974.
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Satyanarayana, A. "Andhra peasants under British rule : agrarian relations and the rural economy 1900-1940 /." New Delhi : Manohar, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb358659382.
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Whidden, James Neil. "The Egyptian revolution : politics and the Egyptian nation 1919-1926." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298207.
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Erlichman, Camilo. "Strategies of rule : cooperation and conflict in the British Zone of Germany, 1945-1949." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25995.
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This thesis examines strategies of rule deployed during the British occupation of north-western Germany from 1945 to 1949 and explores instances of cooperation and conflict between the occupiers and the occupied population. While the literature has primarily looked at the occupation through the lens of big political projects, this study analyses the application of quotidian ruling strategies and the making of stability on the ground. Techniques for controlling the German population were devised during the war and transmitted to officials through extensive training. Lessons from previous occupations and imperial experiences also entered the Military Government’s ruling philosophy by way of the biographical composition of its top cadre. Once in Germany, the British instituted a system of ‘indirect rule’ which relied on focal points of visibility as embodied by their local officials charged with cooperating with German notables, and invisible instances of supervision in the form of mass surveillance of civilian communications. To illustrate the way the occupiers dealt with conflict, the thesis analyses the dispensation of punishment for breaking Military Government laws, demonstrating that the British often issued severe punishment when their monopoly of force was contested, thus belying the notion of a particularly docile occupation. During mass popular protests, however, they sought to use moderate German trade unionists as intermediaries tasked with diffusing popular unrest, who were co-opted in exchange for material and propagandistic support. The British also used German administrators at the local and regional level, many of whom had a distinctively technocratic and conservative profile and who were appointed for their administrative experience rather than for their political inclinations. Through lobbying by British ecclesiastical figures, the occupiers also cooperated extensively with the German Churches, who were seen as effective partners in the re-Christianisation of Germany and increasingly as an essential bulwark against Communism. The thesis concludes that the long-term legacies of the British occupation lay in the effects of ‘indirect rule’, which exacerbated social inequalities by strengthening the profile of certain social elites at the expense of mass politics. The occupation is finally placed within the comparative context of occupations in Western Europe during the mid-20th century, which had the common legacy of buttressing elites who were primarily concerned with the making of stability rather than with participatory democracy, thus giving the post-war era its conservative mould.
15
Gupta, Toolika. "The influence of British rule on elite Indian menswear : the birth of the Sherwani." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7809/.
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‘The Influence of British Rule on Elite Indian Menswear: The Birth of the Sherwani’ is a study of the influence of politics on fashion and the resulting development of new garments. This research is designed to demonstrate the effect on elite Indian menswear of the two centuries of British rule in India. It is an effort to understand how the flowing garments worn by elite Indian men in the 18th century gradually became more tailored and fitted with the passage of time. The study uses multiple sources to bring to light lesser known facts about Indian menswear, the evolution of different garments and especially of the sherwani. The sherwani is a knee-length upper garment worn by South-Asian men, and is considered to be India’s traditional menswear. My study highlights the factors responsible for the birth of the sherwani and dispels the myth that it was a garment worn by the Mughals. Simultaneously, this study examines the concept and value of ‘tradition’ in cultures. It scrutinises the reasons for the sherwani being labelled as a traditional Indian garment associated with the Mughal era, when in fact it was born towards the end of the 19th century. The study also analyses the role of the sherwani as a garment of distinction in pre- and post-independence India.
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Mazza, Roberto. "Jerusalem in the First World War : transition from Ottoman to British rule (1914-1920)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28827/.
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This thesis discusses the history of Jerusalem from 1912 to 1920, with a particular focus on the period of the First World War and the British military administration of the city up to July 1920. It examines the dynamics of the transition from Ottoman to British rule and compares the two administrative structures, as well as changes which affected the foreign population of the city and its religious communities. This thesis is organised in six chapters and evolves around three main themes. The first theme discussed in Chapter One addresses the complex issue of periodisation. The re-interpretation of the transitional period from Ottoman to British rule is discussed through the historiographical approach known as microhistory, in order to highlight the methodological underpinnings of this study. The second theme considers these two periods from the perspective of continuity and change. As far as change is concerned, this thesis underlines the changes which affected the political sphere; namely, the political identities of local communities that followed the end of the war in 1917 and the establishment of the British Military administration in Jerusalem. The third theme investigated is the relationship between the city and its foreign population, focussing on the foreign impact upon the political and social milieu of Jerusalem. Chapter Two discusses the late Ottoman administration of Jerusalem, providing a thorough analysis of the demographic structure in the transitional period. Chapter Three examines in detail the phases of the transition from the Ottomans to the British as a consequence of the military operations in Palestine. Chapter Four looks at the presence and functioning of the Christian religious institutions and their reactions to the British occupation. Chapter Five assesses the foreign presence in the city, with particular focus to some unexplored diplomatic sources. Chapter Six examines the functioning of the British Military administration, with particular focus on the role of the military governor Ronald Storrs.
17
Rivron, Sarah. "La notion d'Indirect rule." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3020/document.
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L'administration coloniale a pris de nombreuses formes au fil des siècles, et l'Indirect rule est l'une des plus représentatives de la colonisation britannique. A ce titre, il convient de s'intéresser aux causes et aux conséquences de ce système de gouvernement, ainsi qu'aux spécificités qui y sont liées en pratique. Cette analyse portera donc essentiellement sur sa mise en application au Nigeria, ainsi que sa diffusion dans l'empire colonial britannique d'Afrique. Afin d'approfondir cette étude, l'Indirect rule sera également abordé d'un point de vue plus théorique, notamment concernant l'évolution de sa perception par les historiens du droit. De même, sa spécificité sera questionnée, notamment en la comparant à d'autres systèmes de gouvernement coloniaux européensColonial administration evolved a lot through centuries, and Indirect rule is one of the most representative of the British one. As such, it is interesting to look at the reasons and the issues of the particular system of government, as well as the particularities linked to Indirect rule in the facts. This analysis will be more specifically about how Indirect rule worked in Nigeria, as well as its diffusion through the British colonial empire in Africa. In order to complete the study, Indirect rule will also broached from a theoretical point of view, in particular regarding the evolution of how historians of law considered it. Moreover, its specificities will be observed, in particular by comparing indirect rule with other Europeans colonial governments
18
Price, Gareth. "The Assam Movement and the construction of Assamese identity." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c8b9f2a2-cd40-4d00-b86a-dcb41b2fe924.
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Fonseka, Prashant L. "The Railway and Telegraph in India: Monuments of British Rule or Symbols of Indian Nationhood?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/378.
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This paper examines how the development of the railway-telegraph technological complex impacted the tenuous relationship between the rulers and those they ruled; the British and the Indians. Through the experience of building and operating the railway, Indians came to understand the railway and telegraph as their own technologies well before the eventual handover of control over the networks from the British. The reasons behind the British desire to retain their grasp over the networks included profit, power, and orientalist notions of socially advancing Indians, all at the expense of Indian taxpayers. This arrangement was problematic and ultimately facilitated the Raj's undoing, while revealing certain realities of British imperial rule.
20
Mann, Michael. "British rule on Indian soil : North India in the first half of the Nineteenth Century /." New Delhi : Manohar, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40239466n.
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Harte, John. "Contesting the past in Mandate Palestine : history teaching for Palestinian Arabs under British rule, 1917-1948." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540370.
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The period of British rule in Palestine witnessed a flowering of interest in history amongst the country's Arab population, paralleled by the rapid consolidation of recognisably 'Palestinian' Arab identities that had already begun to develop under Ottoman rule. Yet as Palestinian society engaged in this process of historical and national self-definition, the most potent vehicle for the transmission of shared historical narratives - the government school - remained firmly under the control of a Department of Education dominated by British officials. Drawing on a range of archival sources, published syllabuses and textbooks, and the recollections of Palestinian teachers and students, this study examines how the tension inherent in this situation played out at various layers of the school system up to the termination of the mandate in 1948. Challenging the commonly-held assumption that government schools and their British-imposed syllabuses acted purely as vehicles for the suppression of Palestinian national identity, it argues for a more nuanced model which recognises the multiple phases of mediation through which colonial educational programmes pass before they reach the level of the individual student, and the capacity of local educators and students selectively to adopt, modify or reject altogether elements of the formal curriculum handed down to them in the shape of published syllabuses and prescribed textbooks. Drawing on ideas of hybridity and ambivalence, the thesis highlights the need to recognise the influence of the British-imposed formal historical curriculum on emerging strands of Palestinian and pan-Arab historical thinking, and in particular the way in which aspects of it were put to use in new and unexpected ways by Arab educators in the service of Arab nationalist ideology.
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Prasad, Yuvaraj Deva. "The Indian Muslims and World War I : a phase of disillusionment with British rule, 1914-1918 /." New Delhi : Janaki Prakashan, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35749308v.
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Paris, Timothy John. "The 'Sherifian solution' : British planning for Hashemite rule in the post World War I Middle East." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627047.
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Smith, Richard Saumarez. "Administration, classification and knowledge : land revenue settlements in the Panjab at the start of British rule." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272529.
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Dempsey, Timothy A. "Russian Rule in Turkestan: A Comparison with British India through the Lens of World-Systems Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275340850.
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Wilkinson, Callie Hannah. "The residents of the British East India Company at Indian royal courts, c. 1798-1818." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269319.
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Generations of historians have looked to Bengal, Bombay, and Madras to detect the emergence of the legal and administrative mechanisms that would underpin Britain’s nineteenth-century empire. Yet this focus on ‘British’ India overshadows the very different history of nearly half the Indian subcontinent, which was still ruled by nominally independent monarchs. This dissertation traces the increasingly asymmetrical relationships between the East India Company and neighbouring Indian kingdoms during a period of intensive British imperial expansion, from 1798 to 1818. In so doing, it sheds fresh light on the contested process through which the Company consolidated its political predominance over rival Indian powers, setting a precedent for indirect rule that would inform British policy in Southeast Asia and Africa for years to come. The relationship between the Company and Indian governments was mediated through the figure of the Resident, the Company’s political representative at Indian courts, and the Residents therefore lie at the heart of this dissertation. Given their geographical distance from British administrative centres and their immersion in Indian political culture, the Residents’ experiences can be used to chart the growing pains of an expanding, modernizing empire, and to elucidate the dynamics of cross-cultural interaction and exchange. Based on the letters and papers of the dozen Residents stationed at major Indian courts, this dissertation shows how practical and ideological divisions within the Company regarding the appropriate forms of imperial influence were exacerbated by mutual suspicions resulting from geographical distance and the blurring of personal and public interests in the diplomatic line. This process was further complicated and constrained by the Residents’ reliance on the social and cultural capital of Indian elites and administrators with interests of their own. The Company’s consolidation of political influence at Indian courts was fraught with problems, and the five thematic chapters reflect recurring points of conflict which thread their way through these formative years. These include: the fragility of information networks and the proliferation of rumours; questions about the use of force and the applicability of the law of nations outside Europe; controversies surrounding political pageantry and conspicuous consumption; ambivalent relationships between Residents and their Indian state secretaries; and the Residents’ embroilment in royal family feuds. Ultimately, this dissertation concludes that the imposition of imperial authority at Indian courts was far from smooth, consisting instead of a messy and protracted series of practical experiments based on many competing visions of the ideal forms of influence to be employed in India.
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Qafisheh, Mu'taz. "The international law foundations of Palestinian nationality : a legal examination of Palestinian nationality under the British rule /." Genève : Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales, 2007. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2007/QafishehM/these.pdf.
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Mix, Laurie. "Performances of Power: Depictions of Royal Rule in Paradise Lost, Measure for Measure, and The Tempest." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1387285798.
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Lindgren, Gabriella. "Kolonialismens efterdyningar och kommunismens närvaro : En jämförande diakronisk fallstudie av demokrati i Hong Kong under brittiskt och kinesiskt styre." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175137.
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Hong Kong, the Special Administrative Region under “one country, two systems”, is also one region that have been under two different rulers, which returned to China 1997 after 150 years of British colonial rule. The purpose of this study is to examine if the democracy in Hong Kong differs between British and Chinese rule. The empirical material about Hong Kong will be analysed through civil society, political society and through the rule of law under British and Chinese governance. With 23 years each, from the period 1974-2020, and with a theoretical framework of criteria needed to fulfill a democracy, this study will reach a conclusion. Although the British and the Chinese had different ways of governing Hong Kong, they both received the same level of democracy.Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Umeå Universitet
30
Ó, Murchú Niall. "Labor, the state, and ethnic conflict : a comparative study of British rule in Palestine (1920-1939) and Northern Ireland (1972-1994) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10774.
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Brukum, Nana James Kwaku. "The Northern Territories of the Gold Coast under British colonial rule, 1897-1956, a study in political change." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28272.pdf.
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Tauqeer, Zujaja. "Public health and state power in Pakistan : case studies of medical interventions from British Raj to military rule." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e684886-21bd-43dd-8c54-c36c730825d5.
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This thesis provides the first historical survey of medical interventions and public health policies implemented by the governments that ruled in the territories of Pakistan over the 20th century. It sheds light on the objectives and challenges of governance during this period with respect to population health and welfare, and seeks to contribute to our understanding of the impact of colonial rule in the territories which became Pakistan - which are not well-represented in the literature on the history of medicine of British India - and to expand our knowledge of developments in the postcolonial period. The narrative begins with the twilight of colonial rule, when the British Indian government was hindered from undertaking public health reform due to the growth of nationalist and anti-colonial sentiment in the North-West Frontier, Bengal, and the Punjab. The demand for local autonomy and public accountability in health decision-making in these provinces came at a time when Indians were simultaneously resisting Britain's political dominance over India. Even after independence, the conflict between provincial governments and successive central governments with respect to health policymaking persisted. Such tensions were exacerbated by the economic pressures of scarcity in Pakistan's early years which worsened pre-existing social and political cleavages between different groups. This material deprivation along with the historical legacy of tropical medicine in Asia resulted in acceptance of the country's status as an underdeveloped, backwards state by the country's leaders in return for international health aid from richer nations. Pakistan subsequently became a laboratory for developed world experiments on poverty and population control. The developments in health over the period from 1900 to 1960 make evident the manifold challenges to the sovereignty and authority of the colonial, parliamentary, and military rulers as they attempted to intervene in the lives of subjects and citizens of British India and Pakistan.
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Myint-U, Thant. "The crisis of the Burmese State and the foundations of British colonial rule in Upper Burma (1853-1900)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252123.
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Schuler, Anne-Marie E. "Counsel, Political Rhetoric, and the Chronicle History Play: Representing Conciliar Rule, 1588-1603." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1321840691.
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Garretson, Debra J. "The externalities from a foreign rule on India and Japan a study of the correlation between economy and culture /." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/garretsond/debragarretson.pdf.
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Gekas, Athanasios E. "The commercial bourgeoisie of the Ionian Islands under British rule, 1830-1864 : class formation in a semi-colonial society." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399973.
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Bomholt, Nielsen Mads. "'As bad as the Congo?' : British perceptions of colonial rule and violence in Anglo-German Southern Africa, 1896-1918." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/as-bad-as-the-congo(bca62890-4319-445e-9424-f855ab82d32c).html.
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This thesis examines British perceptions of Anglo-German colonialism in Southern Africa before and after the First World War. During the peace negotiations at Versailles, the British Foreign Office published the Blue Book which exposed Germany’s brutal suppression of the 1904-8 Herero and Nama uprising in German Southwest Africa (GSWA) as an abuse of the responsibilities of a colonial power. This was part of a move to allow Britain and her allies to confiscate German colonies all over the globe through showing how Germany was unfit as a trustee of ‘backward’ nations. The German delegation responded by publishing a White Book which claimed Britain had committed similar atrocities in its colonies – particularly in Southern Rhodesia in the 1890s. This dissertation examines the entangled histories of British and German colonial violence in the cases of Southern Rhodesia and GSWA. It juxtaposes how the British viewed, and in part collaborated with, German counterinsurgency at the zenith of ‘High Imperialism’ vs. their position at Versailles. It explores the interests and agendas of British officials. These included the internal security of Southern Rhodesia and the extent of governmental influence, the problem of the Boer diehards who had taken up residence in GSWA, and rivalry with Germany for command of south-central Africa. Situated in this myriad of stakes was the African resistance of the Ndebele and the Herero and Nama which posed both challenges and opportunities for British officials. Central to the thesis is an exploration of the values and ideas which underpinned British attitudes to colonial violence. It seeks in particular to understand the role of humanitarianism, central to the justification for European rule in Africa since its partition at the Berlin Conference. It examines equally how ideas of race and civilisation shaped how British officials understood both their strategic interests and the legitimate uses of colonial violence in the aftermath of the partition of Africa. Overall, the dissertation is a contribution to a new history of European imperialism in Africa which keeps in focus, at the same time, the histories of European imperial rivalry and collaboration.
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Heidenreich, Donald Edward Jr 1958. "A FULL CUP: THREE ACTS OF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT (IRELAND, HERBERT ASQUITH, DAVID LLOYD-GEORGE)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291317.
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Groenhout, Fiona Elizabeth. "Debauchery, disloyalty, and other deficiencies : the impact of ideas of princely character upon indirect rule in central India, c.1886-1946." University of Western Australia. History Discipline Group, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0006.
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This thesis examines a series of episodes in the history of indirect rule that resulted in rulers being deposed or otherwise removed from power. It does so from the conviction that such episodes provide a valuable opportunity to explore the conceptions of princely character held and articulated by British officials, and to assess to what extent such conceptions informed British expectations of the princes, and thus shaped the daily and local practice of indirect rule in colonial India. The study is intended to contribute to the growing body of work on the history of the princely states, a subject that until recently was considered marginal to understanding colonial South Asia, but whose importance is increasingly being recognised. Its geographical focus the states of the Central India Agency attempts to redress the comparative neglect of this region to date; it also seeks to achieve a balance between the relative merits and shortcomings of single-state and 'all-India' studies, by allowing for intensive analysis of an interconnected group of rulers and officials, whilst maintaining a sufficiently diverse sample of situations and individuals to enable broader conclusions to be suggested. Moreover, the approach adopted firmly locates this thesis within the emerging study of the cultural history of empire: the rulers of the princely states occupied a position within the colonial hierarchies of class, race and gender that was uniquely liminal within India and rare elsewhere. They failed to fit neatly any of the pre-ordained categories of colonial society and consequently had the potential to disrupt the conventions of deference, distance and difference on which such a society was based. Analysis of how the British attempted to characterise the princes, therefore, should complement existing analyses of the operation of such important concepts as race, masculinity, sexuality, sanity, class and tradition in colonial India. This study argues that British ideas and ideals of princely character were neither fixed nor hegemonic: conflict over the meaning and significance of a ruler's conduct regularly arose between the many levels of the imperial bureaucracy. There was not a single, consistent and explicitly defined normative discourse of princely conduct: officials' expectations of rulers shifted over time in response to the changing outlook and interests of the British in India, as well as varying across the significant differences of faith, race, region and status that they perceived to divide the princely order. Furthermore, rulers themselves whether through negotiation, evasion or contestation played a significant role in the constant redefinition of such ideas. However, British officials' conceptions and representations of princely character were not wholly constitutive of their power over the princes and their states. Although assessments of a ruler's character as inadequate, even incurably deviant, could be advanced as justification for intervening in a state, the impact of such ideas upon the actual practice of indirect rule was substantially qualified by an array of other considerations. Orientalist conceptions of princely character may have been highly influential in shaping the conduct of 'political relations', but they were often ignored or abandoned by officials when the dividends of a more pragmatic approach to the princes were thought to be higher.
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Hully, Thomas R. "The British Empire in the Atlantic: Nova Scotia, the Board of Trade, and the Evolution of Imperial Rule in the Mid-Eighteenth Century." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23522.
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Despite considerable research on the British North American colonies and their political relationship with Britain before 1776, little is known about the administration of Nova Scotia from the perspective of Lord Halifax’s Board of Trade in London. The image that emerges from the literature is that Nova Scotia was of marginal importance to British officials, who neglected its administration. This study reintegrates Nova Scotia into the British Imperial historiography through the study of the “official mind,” to challenge this theory of neglect on three fronts: 1) civil government in Nova Scotia became an important issue during the War of the Austrian Succession; 2) The form of civil government created there after 1749 was an experiment in centralized colonial administration; 3) This experimental model of government was highly effective. This study adds nuance to our understanding of British attempts to centralize control over their overseas colonies before the American Revolution.
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Barn, Jatinder Singh. "In-service to India : the ethics of rule and conduct of British administrators and army officers in late nineteenth and early twentieth century India." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408651.
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Titlestad, Sally Margaret. "What's in the pocket? : a critical history of land inscriptions in the Bishoplea area of upper Claremont during the British rule at the Cape (1806-1910)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5583.
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Moguerane, Khumisho Ditebogo. "A history of the Molemas, African notables in South Africa, 1880s to 1920s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:be5284ad-37a1-4725-9a18-32f674676bb7.
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This thesis is a family history of Silas Molema and his three children from the late 1880s to the late 1920s. The Molemas were a family of devout Methodists and educated chiefs in Mafikeng north of British Bechuanaland (part of the Cape colony in 1895) but they held extensive landholdings across the border in the Bechuanaland Protectorate. The thesis explores education, landholding and political office as strategies through which the Molemas attempted to maintain their position of class, status and power. Chiefs perceived formal annexation by Britain in 1885 also as opportunity to pursue greater self-determination, preserve the institutions of chiefly rule, and sustain respectable livelihoods. These aspirations had come to be experienced and understood as sechuana, which was a fluid reconstruction of tradition that helped Molemas and other Bechuana notables straddle incongruous cultural spheres along a racially and ethnically diverse colonial frontier. The thesis argues that nationhood was a key identification through which Molemas and other educated Bechuana saw themselves, and considers why they imagined their nation within the British Empire. The thesis also points to the various historical transformations and private entanglements that enmeshed various conceptions of nationhood into the everyday experience of the family as an emotive and socialising institution. These sentiments of nationhood profoundly shaped this family’s self-understanding, and mediated the choices children made about work, marriage and other significant relationships. The challenge to transfer inherited privilege across generations shaped identities, intersected with the reconfiguration of the local political economy, and impinged upon structural transformations in southern Africa.
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Yin, Yi-wei, and 鄞伊韋. "The Study of Political Conflict and Solution in Northern Ireland under British Rule." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67461082736668046807.
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碩士淡江大學
歐洲研究所
89
United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and almost all Political Parties in Northern Ireland sighed Belfast Agreement on 10 April 1998. It means that the conflict in Northern Ireland is ended. After the Partition of Northern Ireland and Southern, The conflict between Protestants and Catholics was still going on in Northern Ireland under British Rule. Violence emerged while the Civic Movement rose in 1960’s. The among of the death in disorder increased in 70’s The thesis adopts “Case Study Method”. In the other words, the first step is that this thesis takes the research subject as the whole, then describe and analysis it particularly to reflect the background and the connection and real condition of its internal units and dimensions. Secondly, it studies the conflict in Northern Ireland by social conflict theory and tries to find out the possible path to solution. This thesis stressed on Mr. Dahrendorf’s theory, especially the subject of the people who dominate and who are dominated. It also stresses on several conflict subjects in the book” The Functions of Social Conflict”, wrote by Lewis A Coser. The framework of this thesis is following: Chapter I: The Social Background of Northern Ireland and the Origin of Conflict; Chapter II: Political Conflict and Competition of Northern Ireland; Chapter III: The Structural Analysis of Conflict in Northern Ireland; Chapter IV: The Solution of Conflict in Northern Ireland. Britain and Ireland were combined after the Union Act 1800 was pass by British House of Common and Irish parliament, but Irish Nationalism was not disappeared under the Union. On the contrary, the hope for United Ireland is requested by political competition and social movements. Most Irish people satisfied with the Anglo-Irish Treaty 1921, but the other in Northern Ireland went on unsucceeded revolution. They hope to be independent from United Kingdom and united with Republic of Ireland. Anglo-Irish Agreement 1985 was sighed after so many disorder years, the possibility of peace emerged. The peaceful solution became probable because of the Belfast Agreement 1998.
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Apter, Lauren Elise 1974. "Disorderly decolonization : the White paper of 1939 and the end of British rule in Palestine." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17732.
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Britain's presence in Palestine coincided with a promise to Zionists to support the establishment of a Jewish national home. For two decades, Britain continued to support Zionist aims in Palestine including immigration and colonization, even in the aftermath of the first phase of an Arab Revolt in 1936 that shook the foundations of British colonial rule and could not be suppressed without intervention from neighboring Arab states. With the Arab Revolt in full force again from 1937 to 1939, in the midst of preparations for war in Europe, British statesmen questioned and reinterpreted promises the British government had made to Zionists two decades earlier. The resulting new policy was published in the White Paper of May 1939. By using the White Paper as a lens it is possible to widen the scope of investigation to examine the end of British rule in Palestine in a broader context than that provided by the years after World War II, 1945 to 1948. The White Paper of 1939 introduced three measures: immigration quotas for Jews arriving in Palestine, restrictions on settlement and land sales to Jews, and constitutional measures that would lead to a single state under Arab majority rule, with provisions to protect the rights of the Jewish minority. The White Paper’s single state was indeed a binational state, where it would be recognized by law that two peoples, two nations, inhabited Palestine. But the provisions of the White Paper were self-contradictory. Constitutional measures and immigration restrictions advanced the idea of a binational state with a permanent Jewish minority, while land restrictions aimed to keep Jews where they had already settled, legislation more in keeping with the idea of partition. The debate between partition and a binational state continued throughout these years. This work examines the motivations for the White Paper, foremost among them to keep the world Jewish problem separate from Britain's Palestine problem and to assure stability throughout the Middle East. An investigation based on the White Paper introduces a number of important debates that took place between 1936 and 1948 and echo into the present.text
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Lu, Hung-Chi, and 呂鴻祺. "The Transformation of British Parliament in the Nineteenth Century──As Seen from the Irish Home Rule Movement." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tmpezq.
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碩士國立政治大學
歷史學系
107
The United Kingdom has undergone tremendous changes from overseas trade expansion to the industrial revolution since the late 18th century. Urbanization, the mobility of industrial population, and the emergence of new classes are all the result of this great change. Agriculture has been replaced with manufacturing industry and commerce as the driving force of economic development, which eventually and inevitably affected the political development of the United Kingdom. In 1801, the Kingdom of Great Britain and The Kingdom of Ireland were unified as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland by the Union Act 1801, and twenty-eight representatives elected by the Irish nobility, including four bishops of the Church of Ireland, which was the branch of the Anglican Church, entered the House of Lords of Parliament in London, and in which the Irish people can elect 100 members of the House of Commons(MP), after the unification of the two countries. The politics of the United Kingdom was still dominated by the House of Lords then, and not only did the upper house have the power to veto the bills, the prime ministers were mostly aristocrat. However, both houses of Parliament in this period have gradually felt the pressure of public opinion, for the cause that newspapers, propaganda, public speaking activities were becoming more prosperous, and under the social changes, people were paying more attention to whether the government policies were in accordance with their own interests. In addition, since the latter half of the 18th century, the government has continuously strengthened the control of the standing order of Parliament, attempting to let Parliament submit to the needs of the government in which the core is the Cabinet. In the 19th century, the British Parliament successively passed three Reform Acts in the years of 1832, 1867 and 1884, which not only expanded the electorate structure, but also made the general public opinion come much into the notice of the government, and the alternation of the official ruling party has been linked to the results of the general elections of the House of Commons since the 1860s. As a result, the House of Commons was becoming more powerful, and the dispute in British bicameral system finally reached the climax on “People's Budget” introduced by the Liberal Party in the beginning of 20th century, after the two “Irish Home Rule Bills” were rejected in the last two decades of 19th century. The dispute concluded when the House of Lords was compelled to agree the Parliament Act without alternative in 1911: the House of Lords was deprived of the Right of Veto. In this thesis, I will examine the changes of British Parliament from the late 19th century to the early 20the century, especially on the Irish Home Rule Bills proposed and pushed by the Irish Party, through the multiple sources such as the government archive, diaries, correspondence, Hansard (parliamentary Journals), newspaper of public speeches.
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Batsha, Nishant. "The Currents of Restless Toil: Colonial Rule and Indian Indentured Labor in Trinidad and Fiji." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8D79HPR.
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The study of Indian indentured servitude in the British Empire has largely been confined to the histories of slavery or free labor. Few scholars have connected indenture to larger processes in the British Empire. This dissertation examines the global nature of Indian indenture to find how trends in colonial power were inflected in the relationship between the state and the indentured worker. This dissertation uses the colonial experience in South Asia as a basis for its global history. It contends that the history of the colonial rule of law in the subcontinent was of deep importance to the mechanisms of indenture.
By looking at archival records from the United Kingdom, Trinidad, Fiji, and elsewhere, this dissertation finds that officials in the indenture colonies were attempting to transform indebted Indian peasants into indentured workers. This process was inflected by the experience of colonial rule elsewhere. At first, this meant the implementation of ideas tied to imperial liberalism.
Following the challenges to British colonialism in the mid-nineteenth century, the indenture colonies mirrored a wider movement towards conservative governance. The ways in which the colonial state attempted to control and manipulate workers underwent a dramatic shift. In the indenture colony, colonial power exerted both authoritarian and paternalist tendencies. This dissertation uses the governorships of Arthur Hamilton-Gordon in Trinidad and Fiji to explore this shift.
This dissertation makes its argument by focusing on the indenture colonies of Trinidad and Fiji. In doing so, it moves beyond the model of studying indenture that has looked at the British Empire as a whole, or otherwise in specific colonies or sub-regions. Using Trinidad and Fiji allows for a deep understanding of continuity and change. For example, Trinidad can be used to examine indenture’s beginnings, as the colony began to import Indian indentured labor in 1842, while Fiji can be used to understand late indenture. Furthermore, colonial officials, ideas of authority, capital, labor, and goods were always circulating throughout this global empire. The study of Trinidad and Fiji allows for a critical understanding of such exchanges and this dissertation uses both to explore bureaucratic offices, law, financial systems, governance, protest, medicine and health, and global agitation in Indian indenture.
“The Currents of Restless Toil” is an in-depth study into the nature of colonial governance in the indenture colonies of Trinidad and Fiji. It explores the nuances of colonial power, providing a window into the theory and practice that shaped the restless toil of Indians across the world.
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Ilahi, Shereen Fatima. "The empire of violence : strategies of British rule in India and Ireland in the aftermath of the Great War." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/24033.
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This dissertation focuses on British imperial violence in India and Ireland just after the First World War. It compares incidents of violence in each place to argue that British violent repression was an essential component of the imperial system. It also analyzes the public reaction to these events to show new, sharp divisions in British politics that had significant implications for the fate of Ireland, then waging a war for independence. Specifically, this dissertation compares, by way of case studies, the “Amritsar Massacre” of April 13, 1919 and the administration of martial law in Punjab, to the ways in which Crown Forces exacted reprisals against unarmed civilians during the Irish war for independence, including the incident of November 21, 1920, commonly referred to as “Bloody Sunday,” when British ex-military officers opened fire on a crowd watching an Irish football match. The authorities in Punjab and Ireland committed reprehensible acts that resulted in official government inquiries. The Hunter Committee, as the inquiring body into the Punjab incidents is known, condemned the shooting at Amritsar. The Government of India forced the officer responsible, General Dyer, to retire. The British reaction to this was sharply divided between Conservatives and Irish Unionists who championed Dyer and Liberals, Indian and Irish nationalists who felt the government had been too lenient on the man. Similarly, countless voices decried the excesses of imperialism and the use of reprisals against the Irish Republican Army (IRA), but for varied reasons. The public reaction to these Irish and Indian developments, along with British policy, transpired in the context of a “crisis of empire.” Britain was beset by unrest not only in Ireland and India, but also in Egypt, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Palestine. Colonial nationalists radicalized by the war and Wilsonian notions of self-determination demanded self-government while Britain fought fiscal insolvency, domestic unrest, Bolshevism and Pan-Islamism. In this global context, concessions to moderate nationalists would have to be made and coercion used only as a last resort. In this sense the imperial system was changing, and the old guard stood determined to fight it.text
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Clarke, Shavonne W. "The Eighth Wife's Daughter." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-8001.
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This thesis explores, through fictional storytelling, the cultural duality of individuals inhabiting Singapore prior to World War II. The primary locale in many of these stories-an actual residence known as Eu Villa-interconnects each narrative and helps to uncover the hybridization of a Chinese family (and servants) living in a British colony. Many of the stories are imparted from different perspectives: wives, children and amahs, each of them pieced together to bridge the space between Chinese heritage overlaid and intermixed with British culture. In this way, the stories of this thesis reflect on the history that preceded the distinct multiculturalism of contemporary Singapore.
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Harris, Sarah Elizabeth. "Colonial forestry and environmental history: British policies in Cyprus, 1878-1960." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3244.
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The forests of the eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus, famous for their extent in antiquity, were described as severely damaged by misuse over the preceding centuries at the time of the British arrival on the island in 1878. The British colonial authorities sought to remedy this "degradation", and their success in doing so before their departure in 1960 has seldom been questioned. This dissertation examines this accepted history of the colonial period by utilizing archival, ethnographic, and physical data and focusing upon the British impact on the landscape as well as the relationship between the British authorities and the Cypriot people. This reappraisal suggests several points. The British approached the Cypriot forests with certain misunderstandings and misconceptions in 1878. They believed that the majority of the forested areas on the island were unregulated commons, which they were not. They further misread the landscape by assuming that its appearance, quite different from that of a humid and temperate biome, indicated degradation. Within these concerns of degradation, they misinterpreted the Cypriot rural economy by holding that shepherds and agriculturalists did not and could not mix. These misunderstandings of Mediterranean ecology, combined with prevailing ideas for good forest management and agricultural intensification, and hampered by inadequate budgets, resulted in policies that did not initially "return" the forests to any imagined state of past verdure, and may instead have been harmful in certain aspects. Yet the British officials did not behave according to traditional stereotypes of colonial rulers either. The actions of many of the colonial foresters were not solely driven by a desire for instant profit; instead the majority consistently attempted to maintain and ameliorate the forests both for indirect ecosystem benefits (which they recognized would be remunerative to the island as a whole, even if not immediately to the department) and direct benefits of timber production. The meticulous records in the archives display a concern with doing what was best for the forests and for the people, which inevitably led to conflicts as to what was "fair" for the forest and "fair" for the inhabitants, however defined.text