Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'British Raj'
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Tolman, Aja B. "Geologists and the British Raj, 1870-1910." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4989.
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The Geological Survey of India (GSI) was a government institution that was created to map the geography and mineral resources of colonial India. British geologists Thomas Oldham and Valentine Ball used the GSI in order to affect policy changes regarding museum ownership, environmental conservation, and railroad construction. All of these policies were intended to impose order on the landscape and streamline the resource extraction process. Their goal was to enrich the British Empire. An Indian geologist named Pramatha Nath Bose, who also worked for the GSI for a time, also worked to enact policy changes regarding education and production. But instead of trying to make the British Empire stronger, he wanted to push it out of India. He left the GSI since he found it too restrictive, and, together with other Indians, restructured geological education at the university level and set up a successful steel manufacturing mill. Both the British geologists and Bose helped lay the economic foundation of India's independence. The GSI gave geologists power in some situations, but in others it restricted the advancement of the field.
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Haruda, Ashleigh F. "A reflection of home : defining the space of the Raj, 1857-1914 /." Connect to online version, 2006. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2006/141.pdf.
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Barnsley, Veronica. "Reading the child between the British Raj and the Indian Nation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reading-the-child-between-the-british-raj-and-the-indian-nation(091c7e1d-6ee3-4e28-bd67-61932ff44976).html.
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We all claim to ‘know’, in some manner, what a child is and what the term ‘child’ means. As adults we designate how and when children should develop and decide what is ‘good’ for them. Worries that childhood is ‘disappearing’ in the global North but not ‘developing’ sufficiently in the South propel broader discussions about what ‘normal’ development, individual and national, local and global, should mean. The child is also associated across artistic and cultural forms with innocence, immediacy, and simplicity: in short with our modern sense of ‘interiority’, as Carolyn Steedman has shown. The child is a figure of the self and the future that also connotes what is prior to ‘civilised’ society: the animal, the ‘primitive’ or simply the unknown. The child is, according to Jacqueline Rose, the means by which we work out our relationship to language and to the world and, as Chris Jenks expresses it, ‘the very index of civilization’. In this study I begin with the question that Karin Lesnik-Oberstein asks: ‘why is the child so often portrayed as ‘discovered’, rather than “invented” or “constructed”?’. I am concerned with how the child is implicated as ‘knowable’ and with asking what we may lose or gain by applying paradigms of childhood innocence or development to the nation as it is imagined in British and Indian literature at the ‘zenith’ of the British Raj. In order to unpick the knot of factors that link the child to the nation I combine cultural constructivist approaches to the child with the resources of postcolonial theory as it has addressed subalternity, hybridity and what Elleke Boehmer calls ‘nation narratives’. In the period that I concentrate on, the 1880s-1930s, British and Indian discourses rely upon the child as both an anchor and a jumping off point for narratives of self and nation, as displayed in the versatile and varied children and childhoods in the writers that I focus on: Rudyard Kipling, Flora Annie Steel and Mulk Raj Anand. Chapter 1 begins with what have been called sentimental portrayals of the child in Kipling’s early work before critiquing the notion that his ‘imperial boys’, Mowgli and Kim, are brokers of inter-cultural compromise that anticipate a postcolonial concern with hybridity. I argue that these boys figure colonial relations as complicated and compelling but are caught in a static spectacle of empire in which growing up is not a possibility. Chapter 2 turns to the work of Flora Annie Steel, a celebrated author in her time and, I argue, an impressive negotiator between the positions of the memsahib (thought of as both frivolous and under threat) and the woman writer determined to stake her claim to ‘knowledge’ of India across genres. From Steel’s domestic manual, The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook, to her ‘historical’ novel of the Indian Mutiny, the child both enables the British woman to define her importance to the nation and connotes a weakness against which the imperial feminist defines her active role. In Chapter 3 I discuss the work of Mulk Raj Anand, a ‘founding father’ of the Indian-English novel, who worked to unite his vision of an international humanism with the Gandhian ideal of a harmonious, spiritually inflected Indian nation. I look at Anand’s use of the child as an aesthetic position taken by the writer from the colonies in relation to the Bloomsbury avant-garde; a means of chronicling suffering and inequality and a resource for an idiosyncratic modernist method that has much to say to current theoretical concerns both with cosmopolitanism and materiality.
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Morey, Peter Gareth. "Re-reading the Raj : narrative and power in British fictions of India." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260894.
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Williams, R. J. P. "Presenting the Raj : The politics of representation in recent fiction on the British Empire." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383822.
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McKay, Alexander. "Tibet and the British Raj, 1904-47 : the influence of the Indian political department officers." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28905/.
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Following Colonel Younghusband's Mission to Lhasa in 1903-04, officers selected by the Indian Political Department were stationed in Tibet under the command of the Political Officer Sikkim. This study examines aspects of the character, role and influence of these officers, whom I collectively term the 'Tibet cadre', and demonstrates that the cadre maintained a distinct collective identity and ethos, which was reflected in their approach to Anglo-Tibetan policies, and in the image of Tibet which resulted from the Anglo-Tibetan encounter. British India's northern frontier was the location for powerful imperial mythologies, such as the "Great Game", which were a part of cadre identity. Conditions on the frontier were believed to suit a particular type of individual, and officers of that type, capable of upholding British prestige while gaining an empathy with Tibet and Tibetans, were favoured for cadre service. A similar type of character was sought among the local intermediaries, the most successful of whom were given cadre postings. As frontiersmen following the traditions of Younghusband, their 'founding father', the cadre promoted 'forward' policies, designed to counter the perceived Russian threat to British India by extending British influence over the Himalayas. But Whitehall refused to support these policies to avoid damaging relations with China and other powers who regarded Tibet as part of China. The increased control exerted by central government over the imperial periphery in this period meant that, although the Tibet cadre did succeed in their primary aim of establishing British representation in Lhasa, they were unable to exert a dominant influence on policy-making either in Whitehall or in Lhasa. The cadre largely controlled the flow of information from Tibet, and they contributed a great deal to the construction of an image of Tibet, particularly through the books they wrote. But although individual officers such as Sir Charles Bell developed a deep understanding of Tibet, this did not fully emerge in the final image, which had passed through layers of censorship designed to ensure that the image served British interests.
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Fitch-McCullough, Robin James. "Imperial Influence On The Postcolonial Indian Army, 1945-1973." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/763.
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The British Indian Army, formed from the old presidency armies of the East India Company in 1895, was one of the pillars upon which Britain’s world empire rested. While much has been written on the colonial and global campaigns fought by the Indian Army as a tool of imperial power, comparatively little has been written about the transition of the army from British to Indian control after the end of the Second World War. While independence meant the transition of the force from imperial rule to that of civilian oversight by India’s new national leadership, the Dominion of India inherited thousands of former colonial soldiers, including two generations of British and Indian officers indoctrinated in military and cultural practices developed in the United Kingdom, in colonial India and across the British Empire.
The goal of this paper is to examine the legacy of the British Empire on the narrative, ethos, culture, tactics and strategies employed by the Indian Army after 1945, when the army began to transition from British to Indian rule, up to 1973 when the government of India reinstituted the imperial rank of Field Marshal. While other former imperial officers would continue to serve in the army up to the end of the 20th century, the first thirty years after independence were a formative period in the history of the Indian Army, that saw it fight four major wars and see the final departure of white British officers from its ranks. While it became during this time a truly national army, the years after independence were one in which its legacy as an arm of imperial power was debated, and eventually transformed into a key component of military identity in the post-colonial era.
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Hart, Catherine Elizabeth. "English or Anglo-Indian?: Kipling and the Shift in the Representation of the Colonizer in the Discourse of the British Raj." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337258865.
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Price, Dara M. "Through district eyes : local raj and the myth of the Punjab tradition in British India, 1858-1907." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422582.
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Gerein, James. "The bogey-men of Hinduism, British representations of Hindu holy men in literature of the Raj, 1880-1930." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/MQ45323.pdf.
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Tauqeer, Zujaja. "Public health and state power in Pakistan : case studies of medical interventions from British Raj to military rule." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e684886-21bd-43dd-8c54-c36c730825d5.
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This thesis provides the first historical survey of medical interventions and public health policies implemented by the governments that ruled in the territories of Pakistan over the 20th century. It sheds light on the objectives and challenges of governance during this period with respect to population health and welfare, and seeks to contribute to our understanding of the impact of colonial rule in the territories which became Pakistan - which are not well-represented in the literature on the history of medicine of British India - and to expand our knowledge of developments in the postcolonial period. The narrative begins with the twilight of colonial rule, when the British Indian government was hindered from undertaking public health reform due to the growth of nationalist and anti-colonial sentiment in the North-West Frontier, Bengal, and the Punjab. The demand for local autonomy and public accountability in health decision-making in these provinces came at a time when Indians were simultaneously resisting Britain's political dominance over India. Even after independence, the conflict between provincial governments and successive central governments with respect to health policymaking persisted. Such tensions were exacerbated by the economic pressures of scarcity in Pakistan's early years which worsened pre-existing social and political cleavages between different groups. This material deprivation along with the historical legacy of tropical medicine in Asia resulted in acceptance of the country's status as an underdeveloped, backwards state by the country's leaders in return for international health aid from richer nations. Pakistan subsequently became a laboratory for developed world experiments on poverty and population control. The developments in health over the period from 1900 to 1960 make evident the manifold challenges to the sovereignty and authority of the colonial, parliamentary, and military rulers as they attempted to intervene in the lives of subjects and citizens of British India and Pakistan.
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Bose, Aniruddha. "The Port of Calcutta (1860-1910): State Power, Technology and Labor." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3749.
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Thesis advisor: Prasannan ParthasarathiThis dissertation is a study of state power, technological change, and class conflict at the port of colonial Calcutta. It explores the period between 1860 and 1910 in order to recast historical understandings of the relationship between the colonial state, science and technology, and labor. The dissertation explores a period of great change, resulting from massive increases in public investment. These investments transformed the port's infrastructure, making the loading and unloading of cargo ships significantly easier. They were also designed to secure the supply of cheap labor, and better supervise the port's labor force. The investments involved the deployment of new technologies and scientific knowledge. This included various new kinds of machinery, such as cranes and railroads that were designed to speed up the pace of work or occasionally to automate the loading and unloading of cargoes, as well as, the use of new medical knowledge to prevent the spread of disease. International trade benefited greatly from these investments, but their effects on labor were more complex. The new machinery made the work of loading and unloading easier, but also more dangerous. Moreover, many workers resented the enhanced supervision that they were subject to. In a bid to secure the supply of labor, the government authorities managing the port attempted to alter the existing casual hiring practices of the port with new hiring systems wherein laborers were locked into long term contracts with their employers. Many workers fought back through acts of everyday resistance and well organized strikes. They were most successful towards the turn of the century when a plague epidemic disrupted the supply of labor in Calcutta. While some workers fled the city, others fought for, and won higher wages. The state was also forced to invest in expensive automation and labor welfare projects in order to secure their workforce. The dissertation highlights the critical role of technology in the reshaping of labor relations in the British Raj. It also underscores the central importance of trade for the colonial state. Finally, the dissertation underscores the dialectic that characterized the relationship between labor and colonial capital
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
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Mullen, Wayne Thomas. "Deccan Queen: A Spatial Analysis of Poona in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries." University of Sydney. School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/495.
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This thesis is structured around the analysis of a model that describes the Cantonment, the Civil Lines, the Sadr Bazar and part of the Native City of the Western Indian settlement of Poona in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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McKinnon, Katherine Elizabeth. "“All Food Is Liable to Defile”: Food as a Negative Trope in Twentieth-Century Colonial and (Post)Colonial British Literature." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1292385406.
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Ghimire, Bishnu. "Imagining India from the Margins: Liberalism and Hybridity in Late Colonial India." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1334344362.
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Cyzewski, Julie Hamilton Ludlam. "Broadcasting Friendship: Decolonization, Literature, and the BBC." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461169080.
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Mann, Matthew Christopher. "British policy and strategy towards Norway, 1941-1945." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/british-policy-and-strategy-towards-norway-1941--1945(43eb6656-15ec-4db8-825f-63a17a5e56d2).html.
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McRobbie, Angela. "Art world, rag trade or image industry? : a cultural sociology of British fashion design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7359.
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This thesis argues that the distinctiveness of contemporary British fashion design can be attributed to the history of education in fashion design in the art schools, while the recent prominence and visibility is the result of the expansion of the fashion media. Fashion design had to struggle to achieve disciplinary status in the art schools. Tarnished by its associations with the gendered and low status practice of the dressmaking tradition, and then in the post war years, with the growth of mass culture and popular culture, fashion educators have emphasised the conceptual basis of fashion design. Young fashion designers graduating from art school and entering the world of work develop an occupational identity closer to that of fine artists. This is a not unrealistic strategy given the limited nature of employment opportunities in the commercial fashion sector. But as small scale cultural entrepreneurs relying on a selfemployed and freelance existence, the designers are thwarted in their ability to maintain a steady income by their lack of knowledge of production, sewing and the dressmaking tradition. The current network of urban `micro-economies' of fashion design are also the outcome of the enterprise culture of the 1980s. Trained to think of themselves primarily as creative individuals the designers are ill-equipped to develop a strategy of collaboration and association through which their activities might become more sustainable. While the fashion media has also played a key role in promoting fashion design since the early 1980s, they are overwhelmingly concerned with circulation figures. They produce fashion images which act as luxurious environments for attracting advertising revenue. Consequently they carry little or no coverage on issues relating to employment or livelihoods in fashion. But their workforce is also creative, casualised and freelance. In each case, these young workers are the product of the shift in the UK to an emergent form of cultural capitalism comprising of low pay and the intensification of labour in exchange for the reward of personal creativity. This current sociological investigation aims to open the debate on the potential for the future socialisation of creative labour.
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Dunster, Joanna Margaret. "Developing a methodology for the non-destructive analysis of British soft-paste porcelain." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12766.
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Soft-paste porcelain was produced in Britain in great quantities between the mid-18th and early 19th centuries. Due to industrial secrecy and the complexities of creating a product that would survive high-temperature firing, a range of paste recipes was employed by dozens of factories. This has resulted in an array of porcelains which vary in their elemental composition and mineralogy. This research carries out a meta-analysis of the published data for porcelain bodies and glazes and concludes that some discrimination can be achieved using the major and minor elemental composition of the bodies, and that for the glazes intra-factory variation is often greater than inter-factory variation in composition. A pilot investigation of the trace elemental composition of British porcelain is carried out using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy, which finds compositional groups corresponding to different sources of clay and silica raw materials. In the interests of preserving intact objects, there is recognised a need for a non-destructive method for analysing British porcelain, in order to provenance and date objects. Such a method would rely on data from the surface of the object, which is typically covered by glaze and over-glaze coloured enamels, and this research demonstrates that the formulae used for the glaze and enamels are in some cases characteristic of the factory, or workshop, and period at which they were created. Hand-Held XRF analysis is used to analyse the glaze, underglaze blue and polychrome enamels on a selection of porcelain objects from different factories, and compositional traits are identified that allow some factories and periods to be distinguished. Glass standards are developed, which are representative of the glaze and enamel composition, and which could allow X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data to be calibrated for fully quantitative results.
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Austin, Darrell A. "A lithic raw materials study of the Bridge River Site, British Columbia, Canada." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05112007-133801/.
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Naastad, Nils Edward. "En planlagt krig? RAF og den britiske opprustningen på 1930-tallet." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of History and Classical Studies, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-488.
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Mitt utgangspunkt i arbeidet for å komme frem til en helhetlig forklaring, er at det er en grunnleggende sammenheng mellom oppbyggingen av RAF i mellomkrigstiden og den form krigen siden kom til å få. Ut av fra denne sammenhengen springer følgende spørsmål: Hvorfor fikk den britiske opprustningen den form den gjorde på 1930-tallet? Jeg vil vise hvor troen på bombeflyet kom fra, jeg vil videre diskutere hvilke strukturer ble valgt, og besvare spørsmålet om hva som var hensikten med disse strukturene, både politisk og militært. Etter slik å ha behandlet motiv og handling kan resultatet av handlingen beskrives: hva kunne "nye RAF" brukes til?
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Candela, Emily. "Mid-century molecular : the material culture of X-ray crystallographic visualisation across postwar British science and industrial design." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2015. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/1773/.
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This thesis investigates the use and significance of X-ray crystallographic visualisations of molecular structures in postwar British material culture across scientific practice and industrial design. It is based on research into artefacts from three areas: X-ray crystallographers’ postwar practices of visualising molecular structures using models and diagrams; the Festival Pattern Group scheme for the 1951 Festival of Britain, in which crystallographic visualisations formed the aesthetic basis of patterns for domestic objects; and postwar furnishings with a ‘ball-and-rod’ form and construction reminiscent of those of molecular models. A key component of the project is methodological. The research brings together subjects, themes and questions traditionally covered separately by two disciplines, the history of design and history of science. This focus necessitated developing an interdisciplinary set of methods, which results in the reassessment of disciplinary borders and productive cross-disciplinary methodological applications. This thesis also identifies new territory for shared methods: it employs network models to examine cross-disciplinary interaction between practitioners in crystallography and design, and a biographical approach to designed objects that over time became mediators of historical narratives about science. Artefact-based, archival and oral interviewing methods illuminate the production, use and circulation of the objects examined in this research. This interdisciplinary approach underpins the generation of new historical narratives in this thesis. It revises existing histories of the cultural transmissions between X-ray crystallography and the production and reception of designed objects in postwar Britain. I argue that these transmissions were more complex than has been acknowledged by historians: they were contingent upon postwar scientific and design practices, material conditions in postwar Britain and the dynamics of historical memory, both scholarly and popular. This thesis comprises four chapters. Chapter one explores X-ray crystallographers’ visualisation practices, conceived here as a form of craft. Chapter two builds on this, demonstrating that the Festival Pattern Group witnesses the encounter between crystallographic practice, design practice and aesthetic ideologies operating within social networks associated with postwar modernisms. Chapters three and four focus on ball-and-rod furnishings in postwar and present-day Britain, respectively. I contend that strong relationships between these designed objects and crystallographic visualisations, for example the appellation ‘atomic design’, have been largely realised through historical narratives active today in the consumption of ‘retro’ and ‘mid-century modern’ artefacts. The attention to contemporary historical narratives necessitates this dual historical focus: the research is rooted in the period from the end of the Second World War until the early 1960s, but extends to the history of now. This thesis responds to the need for practical research on methods for studying cross-disciplinary interactions and their histories. It reveals the effects of submitting historical subjects that are situated on disciplinary boundaries to interdisciplinary interpretation. Old models, such as that of unidirectional ‘influence’, subside and the resulting picture is a refracted one: this study demonstrates that the material form and meaning of crystallographic visualisations, within scientific practice and across their use and echoes in designed objects, are multiple and contingent.
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Lawrence, Keith Michael. "Cautious steps : the development and use of tactical air power by the RAF during the Second World War." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31116.
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This thesis examines the doctrinal and practical development of tactical air forces by the Royal Air Force until the end of the Second World War. It focuses on the fundamental disagreements over the uses of air power, the preference for a strategic vision and the pressing need for tactical air forces in the face of the exigencies of war. This paper will trace the gradual provision of air support to the land forces and the formidable and fundamental changes that occurred during operations in various theatres in the Second World War.
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Krouse, Melanie. "Nature and the Infanticidal Mother in William Wordsworth's "The Thorn"." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1418986278.
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Ranchpar, Innesa. "Readers in Pursuit of Popular Justice: Unraveling Conflicting Frameworks in Lolita." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/english_theses/2.
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This thesis examines the competing frameworks in Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita—the fictional Foreword written by John Ray, Jr., Ph.D. and the manuscript written by Humbert Humbert—in order to understand to what extent the construction manipulates the rhetorical appeal. While previous scholarship isolates the two narrators or focuses on their unreliability, my examination concentrates on the interplay of the frameworks and how their conflicting objectives can be problematic for readers. By drawing upon various theories by Michel Foucault from Power/Knowledge and Louis Althusser’s “On Ideology,” I look into how John Ray, Jr., Ph.D. and Humbert Humbert use authoritative voices to directly address readers with a specific duty, as “parents, social workers, educators” and “ladies of the gentleman,” and I question to what extent this can force readers to unwillingly forfeit their authority in order to adopt an alternative disciplinary gaze in pursuit of a premeditated idea of truth and justice. Using the concept of truth and justice, I explore how psychological discourse and the court are made up of ideologies that operate like the Panopticon, and I question where readers fit despite the strong influence exerted on to them by this structure.
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Wilson, David Joseph Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The eagle and the albatross : Australian aerial maritime operations 1921-1971." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38665.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the relationship between the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) and the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) regarding the operation of aircraft from ships of the RAN and from RAAF shore bases. The effects of the separate intellectual development of maritime doctrine in the RAAF and RAN, and the efforts of the two Australian services to transfer theory into practice will be considered in the pre- (and post) World War II period, with due consideration of the experience of the services in both wars. The thesis will also discuss the problems that were faced by the RAAF and RAN to develop mutually acceptable operational procedures to enable the efficient use of aircraft in a maritime setting. The influence and effect on RAAF and RAN doctrine and equipment procurement, as a result of the special relationships that developed between the Air Force and Navy of Australia and Britain will be critically examined. A similar approach to the post war US/Australian relationship, and its effect on the Australian services, will also be critically examined. The thesis being propounded is that the development of a unique Australian maritime policy was retarded due to a combination of the relationship with Britain and the United States, lack of suitable equipment, lack of clear operational concepts in both the RAAF and RAN and the parochial attitude of the most senior commanders of both Services. The study has been based on Department of Navy, Department of Air and Department of Defence documents held in the National Archives of Australia in Canberra and Melbourne. In addition, relevant documents from the Admiralty and Air Ministry related to the development of naval aviation on RAN vessels during World War I, the attitude of the RAF toward the deployment of RAAF units to Singapore, and the negotiations that resulted in the procurement of HMA Ships Sydney and Melbourne, have been perused. Wartime operational records of the RAAF have been examined to obtain data to enable a critical study to be made of the RAAF anti-submarine campaign, torpedo bomber operations and the maritime campaign undertaken from bases in North Western Area during World War II. The influence of the commander of the United States 5th Air Force has also been incorporated in the discussion. The research uncovered procedural and operational variations between the two Services, the diversion of key elements from Australian command and the priority given to the American line of advance that resulted in Australian operations being given a secondary, supportive, status. A conclusion reached as a result of this research has been that the development of a unique Australian maritime aerial capability was restricted by the requirement of Britain to deploy flying units to Singapore in 1940. Similarly, the pressure exerted on the RAN by the Admiralty to purchase the Light Fleet Carriers in the late 1940s was more in the interests of the RN and British foreign policy than that of the RAN. Overall, the relationship with the Britain and the United States masked the real weakness in Australia???s maritime operations and retarded its development.
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Shah, Siddhartha V. "Ornamenting the Raj: Opulence and Spectacle in Victorian India." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-fdcx-f478.
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This dissertation examines symbolic representations of British imperial power through the appropriation and display of Indian “things.” The objects and spectacles examined here—the Koh-i-Noor diamond, tigers and tiger hunting, and turbaned men on display—are all invested with a range of social and symbolic meanings within both their indigenous and imperial contexts. The things appropriated into the British Empire’s styling of itself that are discussed in this study were each traditionally associated with masculinity and kingship in their native Indian context and subsequently displayed on and around the bodies of British women. This study advances a relationship between the theatrics of British imperial power, and the emasculation and objectification of Indian men. A list of images has been submitted as a supplemental digital file with this dissertation.
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Wood, Lisa June. "Wood fibre properties and their application to tree-ring studies in British Columbia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3904.
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Examination of the relationship between wood properties such as density, cell diameters and climate provides the opportunity to develop long-term climate and mass balance proxies, and is a key component to understanding when and how wood develops through time. This research sought to: create multi-proxy models to represent long-term changes in the climate-mass balance relationships at Place Glacier, and to describe glaciological changes in Mount Revelstoke and Glacier National Parks, British Columbia; use multiple wood properties to develop intra-annual climate records for tree-ring sites from the southern and northern interior regions of British Columbia; and, use climate as an indicator of wood quality by identifying historical climate impacts on wood development over time.
Tree-ring samples from hybrid interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss x engelmannii (Parry)) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were collected in north-central British Columbia; interior spruce, Douglas-fir, and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall) were collected from trees in the Pemberton area of British Columbia, and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex. Engelmann), subalpine fir, and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana Bongard Carrière) were collected from trees located within Glacier and Mt. Revelstoke National Parks. Tree-ring chronologies were constructed using standard ring width measurement techniques, densitometric methodologies, and using SilviScan technology. Relationships among the regional climate, snowpack, mass balance and various wood chronologies were identified and used as a basis for reconstructing proxy climate and mass balance data.
A proxy snowpack record for Tatlayoko Lake was reconstructed using mean density and ring width chronologies. Maximum density and ring width chronologies were used to reconstruct winter and summer mass balance records for Place Glacier. Place Glacier was found to respond negatively to continental summer temperature regimes and positively to winter coastal precipitation events.
A proxy record of maximum summer temperature was reconstructed for Revelstoke using maximum density and ring width chronologies; while maximum cell-wall thickness was used to reconstruct total August precipitation, and February snowpack from Golden was reconstructed from subalpine fir and mountain hemlock ring-width chronologies. Mass balance for glaciers in the Columbia Mountains was reconstructed using a combination of ring width, maximum density and maximum cell-wall thickness chronologies. The proxy mass balance reconstruction shows a general decline in ice mass over the time span of the net balance reconstruction.
Two intra-annual proxy climate records were created for northern British Columbia. Mean June and mean July-August temperature chronologies were reconstructed for Smithers using ring width and maximum density, and for Fort St. James total May-June and July-August precipitation records were reconstructed using ring width, minimum density, and maximum cell-wall thickness.
Wood parameters, including density, cell-wall thickness, microfibril angle, and cell diameter in Douglas-fir and interior spruce were reconstructed at five sites across British Columbia using temperature and precipitation data from local climate stations. Maximum cell-wall thickness was shown to be one of the most robust wood parameters to predict using temperature variables.
Using a variety of tree-ring characteristics for time series reconstruction provides an opportunity to create multivariate models with greater predictive capabilities that correspond more closely to observed data sets, thereby allowing dendroclimatologists to predict climate data trends more robustly. Because individual wood parameters form at different times throughout the growing season in response to distinct seasonal climates, multiple proxy models allow for the development of intra-annual proxy climate and glaciological records.Graduate
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Wilkes, Brian. "Consequences of unregulated release of raw acid mine drainage into the Bulkley River, British Columbia." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14187.
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Hives, Chris. "Approaching the millennium: challenges and prospects for British Columbia archives." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5854.
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Alexander, John David. "Justice in warfare: the ethical debate over British area bombing of German cities in World War II." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15152.
Full textAbstract:
During World War II the British Royal Air Force undertook a campaign of area bombing of German cities, resulting in hundreds of thousands of civilian casualties. The debate over the ethics of this policy began at the time and has continued to the present. Area bombing clearly violated the traditional Just War norms of discrimination and noncombatant immunity. Apologists for the bombing have argued that such norms are no longer applicable in conditions of modern total war; critics of the bombing disagree. This dissertation defends the continuing relevance and applicability of these norms, and argues that area bombing constituted a violation of the moral laws governing the conduct of warfare. The dissertation also shows that the seeming intractability of the ethical debate on area bombing results from the participants' positions being informed by distinct and often incompatible ethical traditions. To understand and evaluate the different positions in the debate, it is necessary to engage critically with these underlying traditions.
The dissertation shows how five ethical traditions touching on the norm of noncombatant immunity conditioned the positions taken by protagonists in the debate. The ethical traditions are Holy War / Crusade; Classical Realism; Christian Realism; Christian Just War / Jus in Bello; and Christian Pacifism. The first part of the dissertation explores the theoretical background and historical development of each of these traditions. The second part examines five protagonists in the British debate during World War II and analyzes how their positions were informed by the ethical traditions considered in the first part. The participants examined are Lord Vansittart (Holy War / Crusade), Captain Basil Liddell Hart (Classical Realism), Archbishop William Temple (Christian Realism), Bishop George Bell (Just War / Jus in Bello), and Vera Brittain (Christian Pacifism). The dissertation evaluates the strengths, weaknesses, and contributions of each of these traditions. By considering the voices raised against the area bombing at the time - especially those of Bishop Bell and Vera Brittain - the dissertation seeks to encourage theologically and ethically informed opposition to potential violations of the jus in bello norms in present and future conflicts.
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Smith, Nicole Fenwick. "A geochemical approach to understanding raw material use and stone tool production at the Richardson Island Archaeological Site, Haida Gwaii, British Columbia." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/697.
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Stephenson, Andrew. "Crustal velocity structure of the Southern Nechako Basin, British Columbia, from wide-angle seismic traveltime inversion." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3145.
Full textAbstract:
In the BATHOLITHSonland seismic project, a refraction - wide-angle reflection survey was shot in 2009 across the Coast Mountains and Interior Plateau of central British Columbia. Part of the seismic profile crossed the Nechako Basin, a Jurassic-Cretaceous basin with potential for hydrocarbons within sedimentary rocks that underlie widespread volcanics. Along this 205-km-long line segment, eight explosive shots averaging 750 kg were fired and recorded on 980 seismometers. Forward and inverse modelling of the traveltime data were conducted with two independent methods: ray-tracing based modelling of first and secondary arrivals, and a higher resolution wavefront-based first-arrival seismic tomography. Gravity modelling was utilized as a means of evaluating the density structure corresponding to the final velocity model.
Material with velocities less than 5.0 km/s is interpreted as sedimentary rocks of the Nechako Basin, while velocities from 5.0-6.0 km/s may correspond to interlayered sediments and volcanics. The greatest thickness of sedimentary rocks in the basin is found in the central 110 km of the profile. Two sub-basins were identified in this region, with widths of 20-50 km and maximum sedimentary depths of 2.5 km and 3.3 km. Such features are well-defined in the velocity model, since resolution tests indicate that features with widths greater than ~13 km are reliable. Beneath the sedimentary rocks, seismic velocities increase more slowly with depth – from 6.0 km/s just below the basin to 6.3 km/s at ~17 km depth, and then to 6.8-7.0 km/s at the base of the crust. The Moho is interpreted at a depth of 33.5-35 km along the profile, and mantle velocities are high at 8.05-8.10 km/s.