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1
Magill, Gerard. "Book Review: God and History: Aspects of British Theology 1875–1914." Theological Studies 54, no. 2 (June 1993): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004056399305400217.
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Pals, Daniel L. "God and History: Aspects of British Theology, 1875-1914. Peter Hinchliff." Journal of Religion 74, no. 3 (July 1994): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/489418.
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Beglov, Alexey. "Religious Life in the USSR and the Allied Policy of 1943: the Perspective of an American Assumptionist." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020319-8.
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The article considers one of the aspects of the transformation of the religious policy of the Soviet leaders during the Great Patriotic War. In 1941–1943 one of the main addressees of this policy were the allies of the USSR in the anti-Hitler coalition. The document on which this article is centred reflects the British view of the rapprochement between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Church of England in 1943. It is a report to the Vatican compiled by Fr Leopold Braun AA, Rector of the Catholic parish of St Louis in Moscow. The American priest describes the overall picture of religious and near-religious life in the country from the summer to the autumn of 1943; informs the Holy See of the circumstances of the 1943 Council of the Russian Orthodox Church and the election of Patriarch Sergius; details the visit to Moscow of Archbishop Cyril Garbett of York. Fr Braun emphasises the religious dimension of this visit. He claims that some members of the British diplomatic corps and journalists expected liturgical communion to be established between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Church of England. These assumptions were not confirmed by members of the British delegation, but reflected the sentiments of part of British society.
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Bebbington, D. W. "Martyrs for the Truth: Fundamentalists in Britain." Studies in Church History 30 (1993): 417–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400011864.
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The systematic study of religious Fundamentalism is now well under way. The first of six promised volumes under the auspices of the Fundamentalism Project of the University of Chicago, making a global examination of such movements in many religions, was published in 1991. Collections of papers evaluating specific aspects of Fundamentalism have been issued, and the theological method of the contemporary British movement has been scrutinized. Its American equivalent is the subject of one of the most illuminating of post-war works on the history of Christianity in the United States. Yet the history of the British movement has been allowed to remain in obscurity. Although, as will be seen, there are understandable reasons for the neglect, the growth of interest in world-wide Fundamentalism makes study of its British expression timely. More certainly than some of the other forms of defensively-minded traditional religion elsewhere that are now being labelled ‘Fundamentalist’, the British movement is entitled to the name invented by its counterpart in America. It arose at the same time, looking to some of the same men for leadership, and displayed similar traits. So an attempt is made here to present an overview of the Fundamentalists in Britain.
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Brown, Kenneth D. "An Unsettled Ministry? Some Aspects of Nineteenth-Century British Nonconformity." Church History 56, no. 2 (June 1987): 204–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3165503.
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As befits its importance in the nineteenth century, British nonconformity has attracted a lot of attention from scholars. Eminent personalities and denominational development or doctrine tend to dominate the earlier writing, while another long-established genre which is still producing fruitful work has been the analysis of the impact of nonconformity in society at large, for example in national or local politics, trade unionism, and education.
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Khruleva, Irina Yur'evna. "The Theological Polemics of Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield: Differences in Their Understanding of the "Great Awakening" of the 1740s in New England." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 1 (January 2020): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.1.30503.
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The first "Great Awakening" took hold of all British colonies in North America in the 1730s-1750s and developed contemporaneously with the Enlightenment movement, which had a significant impact on all aspects of life in the colonies, influencing religion, politics and ideology. The inhabitants of the colonies, professing different religious views, for the first time experienced a general spiritual upsurge. The colonies had never seen anything like the Great Awakening in scale and degree of influence on society. This was the first movement in American history that was truly intercolonial in nature, contributing to the formation of a single religious and partially ideological space in British America. The beginning of the Great Awakening in British America was instigated by both the colonial traditions of religious renewal (the so-called "revivals") and new ideas coming from Europe, hence this religious movement cannot be understood without considering its European roots nor not taking into account its transatlantic nature. The development of pietism in Holland and Germany and the unfolding of Methodism on the British Isles greatly influenced Protestant theology on both sides of the Atlantic. This article explores the differences in understanding the nature of the Great Awakening by its two leaders - J. Edwards and J. Whitefield.
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Podmore, Colin. "Zinzendorf and the English Moravians." Journal of Moravian History 3, no. 1 (2007): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41179832.
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Abstract This article begins by pointing to the tendency among British Moravians to downplay Zinzendorf's role in their church's history and arguing that that the difficult aspects of the relationship between the Count and the English Moravians of his day, which the article charts, help to explain that tendency. Zinzendorf's priority in England was relations with the Church of England. Recognition of the Moravian Church as a foreign episcopal sister church of the Church of England was important for the position of ordained Moravians working as missionaries in the British colonies. Zinzendorf feared that if the Moravian Church developed as a free church in England that would endanger such recognition. It would also conflict with his understanding of the 'Brüdergemeine' as a fellowship of awakened Christians within the existing churches. Evangelistic activity which effectively competed with the established church would similarly imperil recognition. British Moravians did not share these views.
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Bensimon, Fabrice. "Introduction to the Special Issue." Continuity and Change 34, no. 01 (May 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416019000092.
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AbstractIn the period 1815–1870, several thousand British workers and engineers went to the continent for work purposes, playing a decisive part in European industrialisation. Workers emigrated because they could market their skills at good value; or because their British employers sought to make the most of their technical lead by setting businesses up abroad, and by producing on the continent, they could avoid protective tariffs.Which social and cultural factors enabled British capital to flow to continental and indeed global enterprise, British skills to shape labour processes overseas, and British male and female labourers to seek and find overseas employment? This introduction to the Special Issue raises a series of questions on these flows. It asks what numbers went to the continent, in comparison with the large flows to the US and the British World. It addresses the legislative and economic aspects of these labour migrations and tries to relate these to the discussion on the supposed ‘high-wage economy’ of the British industrial revolution. It also focuses on the practicalities of migration. Last, it is also interested in the cultural, religious and associational life of the British migrants, as well as in the relations with the local populations.
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Ahmed, Zahid. "The Role of Ulema in the Political Struggle for Pakistan's Independence." Volume 2 (2023) 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.62997/rl.2022a.15714.
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Ulama played a crucial role in the struggle for independence in British India. They had a significant role in various aspects of life, ranging from educating Muslims about society and culture to governing the nation. The involvement of Ulama in politics in British India commenced in 1803 and persisted until 1947. Darul Uloom-i-Deoband, like a religious institution, was established with the aim of assisting the Muslim community in India in regaining stability. The Ulama were the pioneers in their pursuit of liberation from the authority of the monarchy. The Ulama's perpetual and ceaseless conflict is what rendered this movement benevolent, vibrant, and all-encompassing. Undoubtedly, the historical narratives surrounding the Ulemas and religious personalities have become intricately intertwined with the history of the liberation movement and the Indo-Pak subcontinent, rendering it challenging to distinguish between the two.
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Gowler, Steve. "No Second-hand Religion: Thomas Erskine's Critique of Religious Authorities." Church History 54, no. 2 (June 1985): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3167236.
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After practicing law in Edinburgh for six years, Thomas Erskine (1788–1870) inherited the estate of Linlathen upon the death of his brother, James. Thereby freed to devote his time to theological reflection and writing, he wrote five books between 1820 and 1837 which stated opinions sharply at odds with the prevailing religious positions of early nineteenth-century British thinkers. In his first book,Remarks on the Internal Evidence for the Truth of Revealed Religion, he maintained that the surest sign of Christianity's truth is not to be found in the traditional evidential sources–miracles, fulfilled prophecies, the veracity of the apostles, and so on–but in the intimate relation, or “fittingness,” which inheres between the mode of being recommended in the Bible and the moral, physical, and mental constitution of human beings. This emphasis on the internal and subjective aspects of religious experience characterizes all of Erskine's works and places him, along with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, at the forefront of a new way of theologizing in Britain which was to come to fruition in the so-called “Broad Church.” Erskine represents an indigenous British “turn to the subject” antedating the widespread appropriation of continental thought by English and Scottish theologians.
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Bradley, Ian. "God and History: Aspects of British Theology 1875–1914. By Peter Hinchliff. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1992. Pp. 267. £32.50." Scottish Journal of Theology 48, no. 2 (May 1995): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600037145.
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ATANASIU, Mirela. "MULTILATERAL CONFLICTS OF PALESTINE - HISTORY, PRESENT AND TRENDS." Strategic Impact 79, no. 2 (October 7, 2021): 56–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/1841-5784-21-04.
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Palestine, a historical land inhabited by both Jews and Arabs, has been the source of disagreement for the two ethnic communities since their establishment in this territory. Over time, as a consequence of this antagonism, the Middle East region has hosted a multilateral conflict generated by a number of factors (historical, ethnic, national and religious), which is currently manifested in three subsequent disputes: Arab-Israeli, Israeli-Palestinian and religious. The social dispute was initially generated by the inter-communal misunderstandings between Arabs and Jews, in the territory of the British mandate of Palestine and degenerated into a series of wars between Israel and the Arab states that led to an open armed conflict between Israel and Gaza. Also, the religious dispute, which permanently accompanied the other two, is related to the equally claiming by Jews and Muslims of both the entire territory of this historical land, as well as Jerusalem. The paper is intended to be a clarification of what the historic Palestinian region represents and how it has transformed under the impact of the conflict generated against the background of the desire for statehood expressed by Jews and Arabs in the same space. In the following, some aspects will be shown presenting the historical sources of territoriality, statehood and conflict in the region, and current forms of Palestinian multilateral conflict, as well as the predominant side of the conflict in the contemporary period, focusing on developments in the first half of 2021, but also some trends that are expected in the evolution of the Palestinian issue.
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Vogt, Peter. "Christian Gregor's “Treatise Concerning the Singing in the Brethren Congregation” (1784): A Bilingual Edition." Journal of Moravian History 21, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 163–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jmorahist.21.2.0163.
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Abstract In 1784 Christian Gregor wrote a treatise on the Moravian understanding and practice of singing, intended as a contribution for the Deutsche Encyclopaedie, a multivolume dictionary project of the German Enlightenment. It appeared in print in 1787, yet it was also circulated in the 1784 edition of the “Gemeinnachrichten,” to be read for instruction and edification in Moravian congregations and societies. Moreover, an English translation appeared in the 1784 edition of the “Congregational Accounts,” the British counterpart of the “Gemeinnachrichten.” Gregor's essay offers a detailed account of spiritual and practical aspects of Moravian singing. Because this important text is not widely known, it is offered here in the form of an annotated bilingual edition.
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Liang, Lisi. "Subtitling History Cultural and Temporal Transfer in a Heritage Film Oliver Twist (2005)." Journal of Audiovisual Translation 2, no. 1 (October 14, 2020): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47476/jat.v2i1.2020.27.
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The paper will focus on how history is reshaped in a case study: the film adaptation of Oliver Twist (2005). It is of significance as its Chinese authorised subtitles mediate nineteenth-century British history for a contemporary Chinese audience. But this adaptation creates various problems of translation as it negotiates the cultural and linguistic transfer between early Victorian England and twenty-first-century China. To illustrate the challenge that translators and audiences face, examples drawn from the subtitles are grouped under Eva Wai-Yee Hung’s (1980) suggested aspects of Dickens’s world: “religious beliefs, social conventions, biblical and literary allusions and the dress and hairstyle of the Victorian era”. Moreover, Andrew Higson’s “heritage” theory (1996a), William Morris’s (Bassnett, 2013) views of historical translation and Nathalie Ramière’s (2010) cultural references specific to Audiovisual Translation are adopted to read the Chinese subtitles. They are used to bring back the audiences to an impossible, inaccessible past. The historical features shown in this modern version of a British heritage film make it possible for the subtitles to interact with Chinese culture to transfer meaning via a complex combination of translation strategies. Therefore, in order to rejuvenate Chinese cultural heritage, the subtitles of the cultural and temporal specificities and complexities involved are reinterpreted and redirected to the receiving culture
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Parray, Tauseef Ahmad. "UNDERSTANDING PAKISTAN THROUGH LITERATURE: AN APPRAISAL OF SOME RECENT WORKS." Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion 4, no. 01 (August 1, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v4i01.778.
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Pakistan, the second most populous Muslim country after Indonesia, came into existence on 14th August, 1947, after the division of ‘British ruled’ India (into India and Pakistan). From its inception to present, Pakistan covers a tumultuous history of over seven decades (1947-2019). Among the South Asian countries, no quantum of scholarship has been produced on any country—its history, religion (and religious ideology), politics, society, economy, and other inter-related issue—than Pakistan. This has continued in the last as well as present century. From 2010 onwards, numerous works have been published on religion, politics, military, and other aspects of Pakistan. This review essay, in this framework, presents an assessment of three (3) important works, published in between 2012 and 2014, so that to get clues of the various aspects of Pakistan. Following a descriptive-cum-comparative methodological approach, the books assessed and examined are: Ian Talbot, Pakistan: A New History (2012); Faisal Devji, Muslim Zion: Pakistan as a Political Idea (2013); and Aqil Shah, The Army and Democracy: Military Politics in Pakistan (2014). This assessment helps us in understanding the diverse scholarly approaches adopted (by different scholars) in studying Pakistan. The major argument put forth is that such an appraisal helps us not only in understanding the history of Pakistan, but in analyzing the issues and challenges Pakistan has faced, and is facing—be they religious, political, or related to military and security, etc.
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Giunchi, Elisa. "The Reinvention of Sharī‘a under the British Raj: In Search of Authenticity and Certainty." Journal of Asian Studies 69, no. 4 (November 2010): 1119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911810002895.
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Influenced by Orientalist assumptions and Utilitarian ideals, and needing to enforce a system of adjudication that responded to their interests, the East India Company's officers selected among varied religious texts a set of norms and tried to apply them consistently. The decision to rely on texts rather than practice, the choice of certain precepts at the expense of others, and their rigid application ran counter to the traditional administration of justice, which had been fluid, contextual, and plural. They also distorted the meaning of Hanafi fiḳh, turning what had been an instrument of legitimation, a moral reference, and a source of social standing into a system of organized dispute settlement. The emphasis on religious textual sources and the attempt to use them as a basis for codification coincided with the idea, which gained ground in the nineteenth century among Muslim reformist movements, that political weakness could be countered by returning to a pristine scripturalist Islam, focused on its legal aspects and seen as a systematic doctrine devoid of ambiguities. These ideas can be also found in the Islamist thought that subsequently spread among urban reformist movements and in legal reforms adopted in Pakistan. A review of case studies, however, suggests that the flexibility and contextuality that characterized the enforcement of Islamic law in precolonial Islam is still to be found in legal practice.
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Harpster, Donald E. "Americanization of the Philadelphia German Reformed Community in the Era of the Revolution, 1775–1801." Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 90, no. 1 (2023): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.90.1.0001.
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ABSTRACT The Americanization of the Philadelphia German Reformed community had its origins during the era of the American Revolution. Coming from a European Reformed tradition that had state support, the community found it difficult to maintain a church in the pluralistic environment of colonial Pennsylvania but the church’s charter of incorporation provided the needed modicum of support for the religious enterprise. Throughout the American Revolution, the Philadelphia German Reformed community supported the Patriot cause and its pastor, Caspar Weyberg, openly spoke in favor of independence during the British occupation of Philadelphia. However, the Philadelphia German Reformed community still valued aspects of its European heritage. The official language of the congregation remained German throughout the eighteenth century. In addition, the community was loyal to its theological and liturgical heritage embodied in the Heidelberg Catechism and the Palatinate Liturgy.
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Vice, Sue. "Howard Jacobson’s J: A Novel and the Counterfactual Imagination." European Judaism 55, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2022.550207.
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This article analyses Howard Jacobson’s 2014 novel J, which depicts the aftermath of an imagined genocide of the Jews in Britain, and explores its connections to other examples of British-set counterfactual Holocaust fiction. The representation of mass murder on British soil in Jacobson’s novel is achieved despite its omission of such crucial words as ‘Jew’, making the task of identifying these events and their victims into one shared by the novel’s protagonists and the reader. This article identifies the varied targets of J’s satire, which include that of increasing British insularity and its basis in assumptions of moral superiority in relation to the commission of wartime atrocities in Europe. Yet the novel also critiques in more general terms those aspects of contemporary life’s dependence on conformity-inducing technologies, to suggest that the figure of the Jew, and responses to the Jewish presence, offer a more vital alternative.
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Fehrmann, Paul. "Book Review: Jesus in History, Legend, Scripture, and Tradition: A World Encyclopedia." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 3 (March 25, 2016): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n3.252b.
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This encyclopedia is a revision of Jesus in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia, edited by Leslie Houlden and published in 2003. The 2003 introduction, included and written by Houlden (then emeritus, Kings College, London), notes an intended focus on “as many aspects as possible of the phenomenon of Jesus” (xxv). The 2015 introduction, written by Minard (Simon Fraser University and the University of British Columbia) notes intent to respond to “curiosity that comes from the intersection of religion with other avenues of enquiry: science; other religions; or interests in anthropology, comparative religion, folklore, history, literature, and the social sciences.”
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Hempton, David. "International Religious Networks: Methodism and Popular Protestantism, c. 1750 – c. 1850." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 14 (2012): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900003902.
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The benefits of using an international lens to understand both the complexity and the essence of religious movements have been well demonstrated in a number of important recent studies. In fact it has become quite unusual to write about early modern puritanism and Protestantism without taking at least a transatlantic, if not a global, perspective. Philip Benedict’s important book, Christ’s Churches Purely Reformed: A Social History of Calvinism (2002) has shown that only by looking at Calvinism as an international movement taking root in France, the Netherlands, the British Isles, the Holy Roman Empire, eastern Europe and New England can one properly identify the distinctive aspects of Calvinist piety and begin to answer bigger questions about Calvinism’s alleged contribution to the emergence of modern liberal democracy. He shows, for example, that while no post-Reformation confession had a monopoly of resistance to unsatisfactory rulers, Calvinists, because of their deep hostility to idolatrous forms of worship and unscriptural church institutions, were generally speaking more unwilling than others to compromise with or submit to religious and political institutions antithetical to their interests. Similarly, although Benedict is sceptical about the supposed connections between Calvinism and capitalism and Calvinism and democracy, he does show that Calvinism was a midwife of modernity through its routinization of time, its promotion of literacy, and its emphasis on the individual conscience.
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Moore, P. G. "The West of Scotland Regional Dredging Committee of the BAAS: Firth of Clyde dredging activities and participants’ circumstances impinging thereon (1834–1856)." Archives of Natural History 37, no. 1 (April 2010): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0260954109001648.
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Insights gained into the activities of the West of Scotland Regional Dredging Committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS): a committee comprising the Reverend Dr Charles Popham Miles (Chairman), Dr Robert Kaye Greville, Professor John Hutton Balfour and Thomas Campbell Eyton, are presented. Based particularly on previously unreported correspondence between Miles and Balfour, and between Greville and Balfour that is housed in the archives of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, the backgrounds of these persons (like their shared religious leanings) are illuminated and their practical experiences of dredging in the Firth of Clyde, notably in Lamlash Bay (Isle of Arran), brought into focus. Economic aspects relating to the costs of dredging, the finances of participants and the adequacy of the initial BAAS grant are highlighted and other social aspects commented upon. There is no known surviving contemporary account of the interactions between this network of BAAS dredging committee members, so this correspondence seemingly remains, to date, the only information that is available as primary sources.
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Akhundova, N. F. "The Safavid fraternity: shiism or sufism? Historiographical review of the Western European researchers' works." Orientalistica 3, no. 3 (October 3, 2020): 765–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2020-3-3-765-780.
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This article offers a detailed analysis of the religious and ideological foundations of the Safavid dynasty. It is based upon the modern predominantly Western European historiography. The methodological basis is the comparative analysis. Along with the works of British, French, German, Turkish, Russian and other scholars the author also uses medieval texts written in original (Oriental) languages. These are court chroniclers from the 16th-17th cent. by Fazl al-lah Ruzbikhan Khundji (Tarih-e alamara-ye Amini) and Iskender bek Turkman Munshi (Tarih-e alamara-ye Abbasi) and others. The Safavid dynasty was at the same time a dynasty of sheikhs and shahs. Therefore, the concepts of Sunnite teachings, Shi'ism and Sufism constitute an integral part of its culture and history. The article supplies a reader with the information necessary for establishing the religious views of each of the representatives of the Sufi House of Safaviye, starting from the founder of the Sufi Order and ending with his heirs, the rulers of the Safavid state. The author elaborates the topic regarding the original denomination of Islam the Safavids embraced - Sunni or Shi'a. Subsequently she deals with the exact period of the Safavid transition from one Islamic denomination to another. Special attention is also paid to some aspects of the development of Sufi traditions and ideology at various stages of the history of the Safavid dynasty.
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Zabelina, N. Yu. "The Great War in the writings of British clergyman Reginald John Campbell." Russian Journal of Church History 2, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/2686-973x-2021-1-42.
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The analysis of various aspects of the part of the extensive philosophical and literary heritage of the English Protestant preacher Reginald John Campbell (1867–1956), which is devoted to the events of the First World War and the participation of Great Britain in it, is represented.His works, on the one hand, serve as a living document of an era still incomplete at the time of their writing; on the other hand, they represent philosophical and theological reflections in this context. At the same time, they are quite significant insights into social processes that went far beyond questions of faith, and even an attempt to predict structural changes in public life after the end of the Great War. This multi-dimensionality creates a rather interesting ‘stereoscopic’ picture of events, perceived by an influential, original, highly educated religious figure, who at the time of the creation of the corpus of texts under consideration was already a mature and insightful person.The author of the article attempts to reveal the versatility of R. J. Campbell’s judgments, immersed in the context of the events of the era, which is of interest to researchers of Church history and public life in Great Britain during this period.
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Gopinath, Swapna. "Heterotopic Assemblages within Religious Structures: Ganesh Utsav and the Streets of Mumbai." Open Cultural Studies 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2019-0009.
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Abstract Indian urban public spaces have witnessed massive transformation post liberalization and globalization. In 2017, city spaces offer novel experiences and unravel new political dynamics in tune with the paradigm shifts in socio-political, economic and cultural domains. The city was shaped by the colonial and later modernizing forces, is being foregrounded in the postmodern, postcolonial discourses, and its public spaces therefore emerge as significant components in the social developments as witnessed in the new millennium. Ganesh Utsav in Mumbai is closely linked to India’s history of political struggle against British colonialism. There has been a phenomenal growth in its popularity and visibility, as a festival for ten days, encapsulating the whole city, transforming its identity as a financial capital of the country to a multiple layered carnival ground, with processions and festivities involving the majority of its population. Post globalization and neoliberalisation, the festival has transformed itself, assumed an identity uniquely political along with the rise of the right wing to power. My paper will be an attempt to critically evaluate this festival and the paraphernalia of sacredness that encapsulates the city space for ten days every year. While the spatial identity of religious practices is fascinating to observe, the ten-day festival of Ganesh Utsav builds a fabric of the sacred and profane across the city. The theoretical tool used in this study is Foucault’s heterotopias and Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of assemblage. The de/re-territorialising aspects of these spaces will also be examined.
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Mahfood, Siti Zahrah, and Mahani Musa. "PERKEMBANGAN SURATKHABAR DAN MAJALAH DI JOHOR SEBELUM PERANG DUNIA KEDUA." SEJARAH 30, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol30no1.5.
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Johor is often remembered as the state that witnessed the formation of the first Malay political party in this country, UMNO. Of similar significance, something that is often marginalised in Malaysian historiography, is the existence of myriad newspapers and magazines including the first women magazine in Malaya namely Bulan Melayu which was established in 1930. This article aims to examine the history of the emergence of newspapers and magazines in this state and their development before the Second World War. Some of the aspects looked into are the major locations in the publication of newspapers and magazines, the pioneers and factors contributing to its development. The study is using qualitative method and sources used in this research are newspapers and magazines that were published in Johor from the 1920s until 1941, besides official documents and records issued by the British and the Johor government. The findings of the research shows Johor’s involvement in newspapers and magazines before the Second World War was closely related to inspiration from the masses and the state in facing the pressure of British imperialism and as impact of modernisation undertaken by the state since the mid-19 century that witnessed development in the intellectual aspect that involved school teachers, religious schools, administrators and associations in the state.
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Syarif, Maria Ulfah, Susmihara Susmihara, Syamsudduha SyamsudduhA, and Mardhati Mardhati. "The Existence of Sharia Courts in the United Kingdom." Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum dan Politik Islam 8, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30863/ajmpi.v8i2.3857.
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The Islamic Risala brought by Muhammad SAW has been presented as the last heavenly religious teaching that carries a mission of peace with the Qur'an as the guidebook of his people. The study of all life aspects contained in the Qur'an is Hudan (guidance), and it is the most complete guide for all humans in the world. The authenticity of the Qur'an and language style has been unrivaled throughout the ages, and it strengthens the perfection of Islamic teachings, which is universal as Rahmatan Lil' ālamīn. As time goes by, Islam has significantly contributed to the history of human civilization. History also records areas where great civilizations have emerged. There are relics of high Islamic culture, admired and recognized, including in the European region, definitely cannot be separated from the contribution of the struggle of Muslim leaders who are highly dedicated and persistent in spreading Islamic teachings. As a European country, the United Kingdom was not spared from the spread of Islamic teachings. By collecting research data from various works of literature and making the world of texts the main object of its analysis, this article intends to examine the track record of the early embryo of the universality of Islam touching British society by looking deeper into the history of the beginning of the arrival of Islam, the Dynamics of Muslim life and Sharia Courts in the United Kingdom.
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Thomas, Guy. "Retrieving Hidden Traces of the Intercultural Past: An Introduction to Archival Resources in Cameroon, with Special Reference to the Central Archives of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon." History in Africa 25 (1998): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172199.
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Towards the end of 1886 four missionaries set foot on Cameroonian soil in the harbor of Douala. They were representatives of the Switzerland based Basel Mission (BM) who had arrived to take over from the pioneers of Christian mission work in Cameroon, the British Baptists, two years after this part of west-central Africa had been brought under German colonial rule in 1884. Their challenge was founded on the key objectives of consolidating and expanding the web of christian communities which had been established along the Atlantic coast north of the Wouri estuary.Today, just over 110 years later, traces of the Basel Mission's enterprise are widely spread over the Anglophone South West and North West Provinces of Cameroon. These remnants of the past have been partly reshaped to suit the specific patterns of church activities and administration among their African target groups; partly they have been effaced through the erosive impact of time. But only partly, for numerous episodes and aspects of this chapter on religious and social history are well documented both in substantial collections of records and in several publications.
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Houston, Matthew. "Beyond the “Marble Arch”? Archbishop J.A.F. Gregg, the Church of Ireland, and the Second World War, 1935–1945." Church History 91, no. 1 (March 2022): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640721002882.
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AbstractJ.A.F. Gregg, Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh, played an important role in religious life across the island of Ireland for half of the twentieth century. He has been portrayed by historians as the “Marble Arch,” a leader who reigned over one Church across two states. This article reevaluates that interpretation: by using the period of the Second World War as a case study, it suggests that the historiographical portrayal of Gregg has neglected other significant aspects of his character and career. This article contends that, in addition to being a dominant leader, he was a British patriot, a pastor, and a scholar. Gregg navigated a course that recognized both states and their differing positions regarding the conflict; and he contributed to post-war desires for unity among Irish Anglicans across those states during a period of increased division on the island. The article, by bringing fresh attention to Gregg, discusses an under-examined figure in the history of the Church of Ireland and explores a hitherto neglected period in that historiography. By contextualizing Gregg's wartime rhetoric with that of Anglican churchmen in England, the study also addresses lacunae both in the historiography of religion and the Second World War and in that of Irish and Northern Irish experiences of the conflict.
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Sigachev, M., and S. Arteev. ""A Disunited Kingdom": the Muslim Diaspora of Great Britain in Scientific Discussion." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 8 (2021): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-8-120-130.
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The present world is characterized by the growth of conflicts. Dividing lines and fractures are increasingly appearing in societies. Migration reinforces such phenomena. The West is no longer an area of stability and prosperity. Moreover, in the last two decades, the problem of integrating the descendants of migrants into society has become clear. In this regard, the scientific discussions of cultural identity acquire a high practical significance. The paper presents an analysis of the scientific discourse on the Muslim issue in the UK. The choice of the case is due to the fact that the UK is a typical Western state, where there is a steady trend to strengthen the cleavage of society. At the same time, it is noted that migration has become one of the key processes in the history of the United Kingdom. The authors apply the concepts of a divided society and responsible development. It is noted that in practice multiculturalism is changing to interculturalism as a more adequate concept of solving existing problems. According to the authors, the ethno-religious discourse on the issue of the Muslim diaspora in the UK consists of four areas: migration, school and higher education, gender, and radicalization of young people. Discourses on the problems of migration policy and functioning of diasporas, Muslim education, gender equality, and radicalization of Islamic youth can be considered derived from a higher discourse – the discourse of identity, which is based on value-worldview aspects. In conclusion, it is noted that negative processes are taking place in British society, which are of strategic importance for responsible development. According to the authors, success in overcoming divisions in British society will depend on coordinated planned actions at all levels (international, national, regional, local). “Indigenous” residents and the Muslim diaspora need to build a model of partnership, which implies mutual responsibility. The analysis of scientific discourses presented in the article inspires moderate optimism, as it offers well-founded and concrete solutions to the existing problems of British society. Although British society is divided, British scientific discourse has a common platform where researchers of different backgrounds and faiths successfully engage in dialogue.
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Carter, Grayson. "British Evangelical identities past and present, I: Aspects of the history and sociology of Evangelicalism in Britain and Ireland. Edited by Mark Smith. (Studies in Evangelical History and Thought.) Pp. xv+290. Milton Keynes: Paternoster, 2008. £45 (paper). 978 1 84227 390 6." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 62, no. 2 (March 4, 2011): 414–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046910003866.
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Gökçek, Mustafa. "The young Turks and the Ottoman Nationalities." American Journal of Islam and Society 32, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v32i2.979.
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This volume, short and rich in primary source material, focuses on the relationshipbetween the Ottoman central government (Istanbul) and the empire’svarious nationalities during the fateful 1908-18 period. Istanbul’s struggle toaddress enormous political and military challenges, European involvement,and the rise of nationalism and ethnic/religious resentments are duly covered.The book is well organized with a dedicated section for each nationality. Exceptfor the Greek and Armenian struggles through WWI, which is coveredin a single chapter, each nation’s history is covered in two periods: 1908-14and 1914-18 (except the Albanians). Ahmad impartially re-constructs thesenationalities’ history in order to detail all aspects of the challenges that theyfaced and posed to Ottoman governance.In the chapter on the Armenians, Ahmad discusses the political interactionsof such Armenian organizations as Dashnak with the Committee ofUnion and Progress (CUP) and their coalitions with various political groups.The Kurdish-Armenian “land question” tensions, which dated from the SultanAbdulhamid period, continued to rise. Ahmad’s portrayal also gives us aglimpse of British and French involvement in the Armenian community’s issues.Russia’s policy would change in 1912 from one of keeping good relationswith the CUP to supporting the Armenians and Greeks against Istanbul.The Balkan Wars and the Ottoman defeats revealed its vulnerabilities as wellas the weakness of the CUP’s centralization policies.Istanbul was aware of the problems in Anatolia, especially between theKurds and the Armenians, and understood the necessity of resolving the ...
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Nahm, Michael. "A History of the (Attempted) Institutionalization of Parapsychology." Journal of Scientific Exploration 34, no. 4 (December 24, 2020): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20201953.
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In addition to an introduction, the present book contains 14 chapters. Most of them represent elaborated text versions of contributions that were presented by the authors at a (nearly) eponymous conference held in Freiburg, Germany, on the 17.10.2014. As the book title announces, the chapter authors trace the development of parapsychological research in different countries. Usually they focusing on the more or usually less successful attempts to academicize and institutionalize parapsychology as a legitimate scientific discipline, but sometimes they cover also related aspects. The chapters include historical parapsychological treatises for Germany (Ulrich Linse, Anna Lux, Uwe Schellinger, Martin Schneider, Bernd Wedemeyer-Kolwe) including the GDR (Andreas Anton, Ina Schmied-Knittel, Michael Schetsche), France (Renaud Evrard), Great Britain (Elizabeth Valentine), Hungary (Júlia Gyimesi), the Netherlands (Ingrid Kloosterman), Russia in the Soviet and post-Soviet area (Birgit Menzel), and the USA (Eberhard Bauer, Anna Lux). The four chapters covering France, Great Britain, Hungary, and the Netherlands are written in English, the others in German. In the following, will briefly touch upon topics I found most interesting.
Anna Lux from the university in Freiburg, Germany, identified several characteristic aspects of academic parapsychological work in Germany and compared them with those in the USA, which took place at about the same time and were more strongly focused on the experimental paradigm. She shows how different social circumstances and also private predilections of the main actors involved resulted in different developments. This also applies to the fate of parapsychology in the other countries mentioned, which is surprisingly multifaceted: While in the Netherlands the situation with official professorships at the University of Utrecht can be compared most closely to that of Germany where Hans Bender (1907-1991) held a professorship at the university of Freiburg, the academization of parapsychology in Hungary was hindered by an influential spiritualist and religious social current. In France, however, comparable efforts were mainly impeded by continued opposition of established scientists. After all, the private research institute “Institute Métapsychique International” (IMI) was founded in France in 1919, which has survived to this day despite adverse circumstances. Great Britain has always played a special role in Western parapsychology, mainly due to the foundation of the “Society for Psychical Research” as early as 1882, which is still considered an international figurehead for a constructive and critical examination of parapsychological topics. However, in Great Britain existed several other societies and “institutes”, which were often small and short-lived. It was not until 1985 that parapsychological research was able to gain a foothold at a British university for the first time through an endowed professorship in Edinburgh, held by Robert Morris (1942–2004) until 2004. From here, numerous graduates were able to carry the work on parapsychological research questions further to other universities.
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Nasyrov, Rafail. "Negative Aspects of Using the Concept of "Empire" to Determine the Geopolitical Nature of the Russian State." Legal Linguistics, no. 24 (35) (July 1, 2022): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/leglin(2022)2401.
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The purpose of the article is to reveal the negative aspects of using the term "empire" to characterize the Russian state and determine its geopolitical nature. The research is based on the achievements of a linguistic turn in socio-humanitarian studies, which have not yet been adequately taken into account in legal science. Leximes, as units of a particular language, do not simply denote certain phenomena of the surrounding world, but function as peculiar entities that determine the horizons of a native speaker, a particular picture of the world including value preferences and attitudes. It is recognized that in social communication don’t function abstract definitions, but rather concepts that predetermine the real content of discourse. Attention is drawn to the fact that in modern scientific and public discourse there is a process of revival of the term "empire" in the positive sense of the word. But the foreign term "empire" and the corresponding concept "empire" are not relevant to Russia, because they do not reflect the actual history of the emergence and formation of the Russian state. In the chronological framework of the New Age and Modern History, it is proposed to introduce a fundamental difference between colonial empires and territorial powers. On the one hand, it will be objective to say about the British and Russian empires that they used to have a vast territory with a populations that were diverse in ethnic, religious and cultural aspects. But, on the other hand, in form and essence, these were different territorial and political entities. In the course of deliberately obscuring this difference, a political myth was created about Russia as a "prison of peoples", which, unfortunately, was accepted by the majority of the domestic intelligentsia. In relation to the issue of ratio between the concepts of "empire" and "state" the conclusion has been made about the need to overcome the compiling-imitative style of Russia's development, which should be manifested in a more careful attitude to the development of a system of scientific and legislative terms that define the nature of Russian society and the state.
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Hill, Christopher V. "Philosophy and Reality in Riparian South Asia: British Famine Policy and Migration in Colonial North India." Modern Asian Studies 25, no. 2 (May 1991): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00010672.
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The assumption of the passive peasant in Indian history has been existent at least since the time of Max Weber, and continues to return, phoenix-like in its appearance, every few decades. Its importance, however, lies in the responses the generality spawns. Morris D. Morris refuted Max Weber's thesis, detailed in The Religions of India, in 1967, while Barrington Moore, Jr.'s Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy was aptly rebutted by Kathleen Gough in 1974. Since then, the concept of the rational peasant, particularly during colonial times, has undergone a metamorphosis. Various modes of peasant dynamics have been amply demonstrated in recent works, stepping into the realms of peasant rebellion, desertion, banditry, and the like. Of particular import, in terms of peasant consciousness, has been the rise of the ‘Subaltern School’ of study. Beginning with Ranajit Guha's seminal work, Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India, and continuing with volumes of articles by a variety of authors, the Subaltern Studies group has attempted, in their own words, to offer an alternative to historical writing ‘that fails to acknowledge, far less interpret, the contributions made by the people on their own, that is independently of the elite.…’ These scholars thus use the term subaltern for those social groups which they believe have been ignored through the course of history.
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Serebrov, Sergey. "Implicit Civil Society and Reform in Yemen: Lessons from the Twentieth Century." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 1 (2023): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640021359-2.
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The fact that cross-border forms of civic activism in Arab countries during the “Arab Spring” are similar is commonly attributed to their socio-cultural commonalities, which provide markers of their identities. The manifestation of this interaction, in the author's view, is the phenomenon of an implicit civil society that draws on the hidden springs of Islamic culture, but that functions in a completely different way. The author's attempt to describe it in this article using the example of Yemen includes three aspects: as an active participant in the watershed events of contemporary Yemeni social history; as a centre of civic strategies that fundamentally differentiate it from religious and political groupings; and as a mechanism for adapting the indigenous cultural identity of a society to new ideological environment. The article spans the period from its emergence at an early stage of modernisation in a deeply archaic society united under British colonial rule in the first third of the twentieth century, to its culmination in the early twenty-first century. The article is based on publications examining relevant cases from different historical and cultural regions of Yemen. Early examples include the “Nadi al-Islah al-Arabi al-Islami” Club in Aden and the Irshadist Movement in Hadramaut extremely active at the turn of 1930s when the national intelligentsia started to reach prominence and managed to convert reformist narrative from the religious frames to the public discourse. They have elaborated the number of tools inherent also to the modern implicit civil society performances like educational work through clubs, preference to dialog between rivals, high attention to maintaining the continuity of cultural traditions, etc. The recent diversity of this phenomenon is illustrated by the experience of the “Shabab al-Mumin” Club, founded in the mid-1990s in the Saada Governorate of northern Yemen, as well as the spontaneous urban youth committees that emerged during the 2011 uprising, which channelled a huge wave of social activism into peaceful activity. The aim of the article is to explore the phenomenon of implicit civil society using a descriptive method. The practical significance of the proposed approach lies in a better understanding of the reasons for the heightened permeability of the boundaries between civic and political activism so characteristic of such societies.
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Moreno-Luzón, Javier. "‘Seeds of Spain’: Scouting, Monarchy and National Construction, 1912–1931." European History Quarterly 50, no. 2 (April 2020): 226–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691420910944.
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The official Spanish branch of the international Boy Scout movement, the Exploradores de España, offers an instructive example of a nationalist association in Spain in the first third of the twentieth century. This article adopts a comparative perspective and studies the Exploradores discourses and practices, the association’s founders and leaders, the scouts’ publications and activities, as well as the organization’s internal conflicts and evolution between 1912 and 1931. As in Britain and many other countries, the movement was endorsed by the royal family and led by military officers and middle-class men – representatives of monarchist civil society. It shared nationalist and regeneracionista (from regenerationism) values, as an agent of nationalization throughout Spanish territory. Like other Boy Scout movements in Europe and the Americas, it pursued the goal of making good patriots, with a knowledge of and ready to defend their fatherland: young hidalgos, the Spanish equivalent of the British gentlemen. Hence this study also explores the gender aspects of Boy Scout ideals. Initially, the Spanish scouts were troubled by an intense religious conflict, which was won by Catholic sectors, so their nationalism became deeply conservative. During the 1920s, the movement was instrumental in the nation-building projects of different governments, especially under the dictatorship of General Primo de Rivera (1923–1930). In short, it can be considered one of the main nationalizing agents during this key period in modern Spanish history, and belies the image of supposed passivity and a lack of interest in national construction among Spain’s ruling elites.
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Vascheva, Irina, and Vera Grozova. "Leo VI the Wise and Islam Challenges. (Refl ections on the book: M. L. D. Riedel. Leo VI and the Transformation of Byzantine Christian Identity. Writings of an Unexpected Emperor. Cambridge, 2018)." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 5 (October 2022): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp225435446.
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This article examines a range of problems related to the formation of the military-political doctrine of the Byzantine Empire in the X century and the role of the Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise in these events. The impetus for the appearance of this article was the publication in 2018 of M. Riedel’s monograph ‘Leo VI and the Transformation of Byzantine Christian Identity’ (Riedel M. L. D. Leo VI and the Transformation of Byzantine Christian Identity. Writings of an Unexpected Emperor. Cambridge, 2018). The monograph is distinguished by a non-standard approach to the writings of the Byzantine emperor, the desire to study them together in order to discover the idea that unites them all. The author, indeed, manages to show how, with the help of the religious idea, Leo VI the Wise builds a completely new military-political doctrine of the Byzantine Empire and responds to the challenges of modernity. The monograph shows that the problem of the relationship between the Christian and Muslim worlds, considered in the categories of “us” — “them”, is relevant not only for the era of the Crusades, but manifests itself much earlier, shows the need to study these images, special vocabulary, mental stereotypes, etc. Therefore, this monograph can be the beginning of a whole trend in modern Byzantine studies. At the same time, the authors point to a number of aspects which are addressed only in part or not dealt with at all by the British researcher, while their study could contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of Leo the Wise’s personality and his reign.
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Salim, Hajra, and Abdul Rashid Khan. "Contextual interpretation of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s Concept of Islam." PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v1i1.23.
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Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the most controversial, misinterpreted and misunderstood personality in the South Asian history of Freedom Movement. Not only Indian and British historians but also Pakistanis historians are confused about his sect and beliefs. Jinnah’s figure was buried under the layers of propaganda. This is the most contentious discussed issue in Pakistan among the different scholars. Both right and left wing intellectuals sought legitimacy of their views with the vision of Jinnah, either the Jinnah was secular or Islamist. The object of the purposed research paper is to analyze and understand the Religious Concept of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and also explore his concept of Islam to resolve the problematic condition of the nature of Pakistani state. Contextual interpretation of Struggle Movement has great importance for analyzing the character and active participation of our great leader and also necessary for removing the misunderstandings about his personality. Different historians, intellectuals, scholars and thinkers are doing their best to prove him a secular or Islamist leader according to their own point of view and perception with the references of his speeches, statements, different events of his life and from his works. His personality was interpreted by the historians from different angles and aspects to clear the questions that were raised in their minds about his secularism.
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JHALA, ANGMA D. "‘Home and the World’: Cosmopolitan, transnational identities of courtly Indian women in the late imperialzenana." Modern Asian Studies 49, no. 6 (March 5, 2015): 1704–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x13000619.
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AbstractThis article examines the cosmopolitan world of the colonialzenanathrough the marriages of two mid-twentieth-century royal Indian women, Maharani Brijraj Kumari of Dhrangadhra and Maharani Krishna Kumari of Jodhpur. In particular, it analyses the close connection betweenzenanawomen's education and emergent adolescent sexuality. These women ordinarily began their studies in mixed-gender classrooms with their brothers and male cousins as children. As they neared the age of menarche, girls were extracted from the formal schoolroom and undertook instruction in household management and childcare in preparation for their expected roles as wives and mothers. Despite being prematurely cut off from the childhood classroom, women's educational backgrounds (in both Western and Indic forms of knowledge) and future learning potential remained an important part of their postmarital identity. Young, anglicized Indian men increasingly desired wives who reflected the modernity that they hoped to represent as imperial subjects and were encouraged to adopt by British advisors and tutors. They required wives who would not wearpardahand thus reflect more Western ideals of companionate marriages of friendship, yet simultaneously live in gender-segregated palace quarters, uphold traditional kinship networks, perform religious duties, and engage in the maintenance of a large polygamous household. Definitions of sex, marriage, and domesticity were increasingly cross-cultural and pan-historical in nature, incorporating aspects both of the ‘modern’ and the ‘traditional’, the Indic and the European, the regional and the transnational.
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Abgadiyat, Editors. "رد آثاري لشواهد القبور الأثرية بمقابر مدينة غزة (1230-1336هـ/1814-1917م)." Abgadiyat 9, no. 1 (May 9, 2014): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138609-90000026.
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Gravestones have a major significance in history and archaeology for being authentic historical documents that reveal many aspects of ancient societies pertaining to their population, races, religious culture, language, professions, trades, and many other aspects. Given that the heritage of Gaza has been subjected to destruction due to political conflict and negligence, the researcher embarked on several tours to take an inventory of gravestones in Gaza’s cemeteries in reality, which are of great importance with respect to Gaza’s eminent figures and their families during the end of the Ottoman era.The total number of gravestones tallied in Gaza reached 139, dating back to the period between AH 1230/1814 CE and the British occupation of Palestine in AH 1336/1917 CE, which is the date of the most recent gravestones. On one of the highest hills of Bab al-Bahr (Gate of the Sea) and Al-Sheikh Shaban cemetery, 45 tombstones were found belonging to the families: El-Husseini, Abu Khadra, Abu Shaban, Saq Allah, El-Bar'asi, Abu Assi, Murshid, El-Ja'farawi, El-Ghusain, Si-Salem, Al-Radwan, and others. In the Bin Marwan cemetery, 37 tombstones were discovered belonging to the families: El-Nakhal, El-Shawwa, Wafa El-Alami, El-Bitar, El-Wahidi, El-Khaznadar, and others. In El-Tiflisi (Abu al-Kass) cemetery in the Shuja'iyya neighborhood, 18 tombstones were discovered belonging to the families: Bseiso, Hathat, and sheikhs of El-Hasanat tribe, El-Sunna', El-Qadirat, and others. In Addiriyah and El-Tamrtashi cemetery, 9 tombstones were found belonging to the families: El-Tamrtashi, Murad, El-Batsh, El-Jabali, and others; 3 tombstones belonging to Al-Ghusain family were found in the cemetery of Al-Ghusain school; and 2 tombstones belonging to Al-Husseini’s and El-Jaouni’s families were found in El-Mufti cemetery. In the cemetery of the Orthodox Church of Saint Porphyrius, 25 gravestones were found belonging to the families: Zarifa, El-Tarzi, Farah, Qifa, El-Madbak, El-Sayegh, Musaad, Shuhaiber, El-Tawil, and El-Jildah.
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Bruckmayr, Philipp. "From Anatolia to Aceh." American Journal of Islam and Society 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v33i2.909.
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Scholars of Islam in Southeast Asia and the history of the Malay-Indonesianworld have long been aware of periods of intense contacts between the OttomanEmpire and the region. Most widely known in this context are the politicalexchanges between the Sultanate of Aceh and the Ottoman Empire ofthe sixteenth century in the face of Portuguese maritime domination in SoutheastAsia. Regional calls for Ottoman aid against the expanding Europeanpowers by Muslim rulers were voiced in the nineteenth century. Despite thislapse in documented political contacts, however, connections between the tworegions were also sustained and developed further throughout the interveningcenturies on a variety of levels, most prominently in the economic, religious,and intellectual spheres.Despite the pioneering work of scholars such as Anthony Reid since the1960s, these connections, including inter alia the holy cities and Yemen’sHadhramaut region, both important centers of Islamic learning for SoutheastAsian Muslims and the source of strong migrant communities settling in theMalay-Indonesian world, have received scant scholarly attention. It is againstthis background that the British Academy-funded research project “Islam,Trade, and Politics across the Indian Ocean” and the volume at hand, whichrepresents one of its major fruits, brings together new innovative research onall of the various aspects of this particular relationship. Hereby it must benoted that its scope extends at times well beyond the Ottoman era also intothe Republican era, and that, importantly, much of the documentary evidencerelied upon derives from newly discovered archival sources.The volume is divided into three thematic parts, preceded by two introductorychapters by the editors and Anthony Reid, respectively, which set thestage for the remainder of the book by reviewing the relationship’s general ...
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Rawashdeh, Mohammad Ahmed. "Power and Virtue in Elkanah Settle's Ibrahim." Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies 48 (January 7, 2014): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.20138833.
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Throughout the Medieval and Renaissance periods, British literary works concerned with the Orient served to underpin negative opinions about the people, and particularly the rulers, of the region. One might have expected the significant social, political and religious changes that were brought about by the Civil Wars and the Enlightenment to have altered that trend. However, uncomplimentary aspects of Middle Eastern life, as it was understood by Western writers, continued to circulate during the Restoration and eighteenth century. One writer stands out among the playwrights and authors of the period. In contrast to his contemporaries, Elkanah Settle extends the impact of the prevailing positive atmosphere beyond the shores of Britain and projects it into the Orient. In his play Ibrahim, Settle presents an Oriental ruler who shows true merit in his character, rather than the usual despotic and dictatorial traits adhered to in other plays of the genre. The ruler, Solyman, possesses a level of virtue which makes his family members and his subjects alike admire him and even allows them to criticize, and even rebuke him, when he deviates from the path of honor and virtue. Solyman has wisdom enough to seek advice, accept criticism, admit his weakness and try to redress the injuries he has caused to others by his recklessness. These are rare abilities among the rulers portrayed in Oriental plays of the period. The aim of this article is, therefore, to affirm how Settle, as a writer of a particular genre at a particular point in history, differs greatly from his contemporaries, apparently showing a much more positive face to life in the Orient
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Robbins, Keith. "God and History. Aspects of British theology 1875–1914. By Peter Hinchliff. Pp. 267. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. £32.50. 0 19 826333 3 - A History of English Christianity 1920–1990. New edn. By Adrian Hastings. Pp. xxix+720. London: SCM Press/Philadelphia: Trinity Press International, 1991 (first publ. 1986). £17.50. 0 334 02496 X - Modern Catholicism. Vatican II and after. Edited by Adrian Hastings. Pp. xvii + 473. London: SPCK/New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. £20. 0 281 04470 8." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 44, no. 2 (April 1993): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900016018.
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Liviev, N. M., and O. N. Zimenkova. "Familial and Marital Law of the State of Israel: Premises of the Establishment and Development." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 3 (October 5, 2022): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2022-3-89-99.
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INTRODUCTION. Israel is a diverse and controversial state. Its laws, especially those of the area of family and marital law, are distinctly unique. The reason being that throughout its centuries-long history Eretz Israel (the Land of Israel) – the historical name of the country, the structure of norms of this branch of law has gone through a set of changes under different political regimens. The government ruling over this holy land at a certain time period was to some extent influencing current social order and the lives of Jewish people, including such aspect as the performance of religious rituals.Considering the specificity of traditionalistic norms of Judean legal system attempts of influence on it from the outside have always been a big challenge. Those norms had to be strictly followed as it was of utmost importance for the conservation of the Jewish communities, Jewish culture and its authenticity, which for centuries has been challenged by many in attempts to modify, discriminate and even irradicate it. Hence, in this article the authors examined the most notable periods of the existence of Jewish communities in Eretz Israel. Inter alia there is an analysis of rules and measures introduced by the ruling system under the Ottoman Empire (from year 1517 to year 1917), of decrees present under the Mandate of Palestine (1922-1948), of the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948 and of current legislation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article isbased on the current Israeli legislation which concerns familial and marital relations, as well as on traditional religious code of rules and obligations “Halakha” which is still in action in Israel’s society. In the article Ottoman and British-Palestinian legislation is mentioned which was in force during the corresponding historical periods of time. It is also stated that the majority of the legislative acts in the area of familial and marital relations follow the principles of the International law, the rulings of the Supreme court of Israel are made according to the norms of International law and, among other things, in consideration with the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women of 1979. For the achievement of result general and specific scientific methods of research were applied, in particular historical-legal and comparative-legal methods of study. RESEARCH RESULTS. Research result consists in presentation of current Israeli familial and marital legislation and other religious traditional rules review. It is well-proven that despite the strictness of the Judean traditions, according to the clauses of the Israeli Declaration of Independence 1948, Israel being a Jewish state is also a modern and democratic one. Democratic principles of equality and humanism prevail in cases where in the proceedings regarding marital and family affairs where the rights of one of the parties are violated, every citizen of the state of Israel can appeal to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Justice seeking a justified sentence and protection of one’s interests. Therefore, the result of the integration of the legal principles typical for democratic countries and the traditional norms of Judaism current legal system of the state of Israel was created. The mechanism of this system comes from the respect for the traditions whilst the main principles of democracy are also followed, namely those of justice, equality and humanism. This is what makes the legal system of Israel unique in every aspect, including the norms of familial and marital relations which integrate both traditional implementations and modern aspects. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. In the frames of the present research study the authors found that familial and marital law of Israel is based on norms of the Religious law, on a special code of rules and obligations called – “Halakha”. From the standpoint of the development of law and practice, a certain role was played by the procedural rules introduced in the territory of Eretz Israel during the period of Ottoman Empire. English law had a certain influence on the development of Israeli law in general during British Mandate of Palestine. Modern Israeli legislation in the field of marriage and family relations is based on and takes into account international agreements to which Israel is a party.
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Royal, Susan. "Early Modern British Religious History." Church History and Religious Culture 97, no. 3-4 (2017): 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-09703006.
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This article reviews the recent trajectories in the study of early modern British religious history, arguing that the modes of cultural history and the rejection of a teleological narrative have opened up new topics and rejuvenated perennial debates while putting older ones to rest. Consequently, a fuller understanding of the long reach and fundamental place of reform within British society has precipitated a “religious turn” within early modern British studies. The article ends with a look at two promising trends: the use of new types of primary sources and a wider geographical scope.
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Bekkin, R. I. "Muslim Bank as a Historical Category: Creating Credit Institutions for Muslims In the First Half of the 20 th Century." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-5-74-149-167.
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Abstract: The article examines theoretical and practical aspects of the activities of Muslim banks in the countries of Eurasia in the first half of the 20th century. These credit institutions were created on the initiative of Muslim entrepreneurs who sought to have an affordable source of financing for their activities. Muslim banks were an important element of the financial system of a number of countries during the era of colonialism. In the context of competition in the capital markets between Western banks and credit institutions belonging to different religious and ethnic groups, as well as competition of the latter with each other, Muslim banks acted as an instrument for ensuring the economic independence of Muslim communities in a number of countries and regions in the period under review. After the countries of Asia gained independence, Muslim banks were transformed into ordinary national banks.The activities of Muslim banks are considered in the article against the background of discussions on the admissibility of loan-based banking operations in the context of the prohibition of usury (riba) in Islamic law. The article emphasizes that Muslim banks in their activities relied on the theological and legal conclusions (fatwas) of Islamic scholars who considered such activities legitimate and not falling under the Quranic concept of usury.The author adheres to the point of view that the creation of an independent state or nationalterritorial / national-cultural autonomy of Muslims was a natural result of the struggle of the Muslim bourgeoisie with competitors for the markets for goods and services in a number of countries and regions, considering both Muslim and Islamic banks only as a certain stage in the development of banking in a number of countries in Asia, Africa and Europe.The article disputes the idea that both Islamic banks and the Islamic economic model as a whole are monolithic structures that cannot be modified. According to the author, the very creation of Islamic banks, as well as their convergence with conventional (non-Islamic) credit institutions, which we observe today, is a natural result of a change in the economic interests of the ruling class both in the countries of the spread of Islam and in the Western world.The article examines the history of the creation of Muslim banks in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in British India. These regions are brought together by the fact that Muslims who lived there were forced to compete with representatives of other ethno-confessional groups and communities living in the same territory. Particular attention is paid to the theological and legal discussions on the creation of a Muslim bank in Russia.
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Mason, Alistair. "Book Reviews : British Intellectual History." Expository Times 112, no. 5 (February 2001): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452460111200527.
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Reeve, Matthew M. "Alex Woodcock, Liminal Images: Aspects of Medieval Architectural Sculpture in the South of England from the Eleventh to the Sixteenth Centuries. (BAR British Series, 386.) Oxford: John and Erica Hedges, 2005. Paper. Pp. xix, 192; many black-and-white figures. £38. Distributed by Hadrian Books, 122 Banbury Rd., Oxford OX2 7BP, England." Speculum 85, no. 3 (July 2010): 753–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0038713410002083.
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B, CHINTHU I. "Educational Progress in Travancore: Review on the Role of Travancore Royal Family in Higher Education." GIS Business 14, no. 3 (June 21, 2019): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i3.4668.
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“Education is the basic tool for the development of consciousness and the reconstitution of society” -Mahatma Gandhi.
In Kerala formal and higher education started much earlier than rest of the Indian states. Educational initiatives made the state the most literate one and placed it as well ahead in gender and spatial equity. During the initial phase of educational expansion, education got its prominence for its intrinsic worthiness and played the role of enlightenment and empowerment. Kerala has occupied a prominent place on the educational map of the country from its ancient time. Though there is no clear picture of the educational system that prevailed in the early centuries of the Christian Era, the Tamil works of the Sangam age enable us to get interesting glimpses of the educational scene in Tamilakam including the present Kerala[i]. The standards of literacy and education seem to have been high. The universal education was the main feature of sangam period.
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Evolution and Growth of Cyber Crimes: An Analys on the Kerala Scenario
S S KARTHIK KUMAR
Crime is a common word that we always hereof in this era of globalization. Crimes refer to any violation of law or the commission of an act forbidden by law. Crime and criminality have been associated with man since time immemorial.
Cyber crime is a new type of crime that occurs in these years of Science and Technology. There are a lot of definitions for cyber crime. It is defined as crimes committed on the internet using the computer as either a tool or a targeted victim. In addition, cyber crime also includes traditional crimes that been conducted with the access of Internet. For example hate crimes, telemarketing Internet fraud, identity theft, and credit card account thefts. In simple word, cyber crime can be defined as any violence action that been conducted by using computer or other devices with the access of internet.
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Myriad Aspects of Secular Thinking on Malayali Cuisine
SAJITHA M
Food is one of the main requirements of human being. It is flattering for the preservation of wellbeing and nourishment of the body. The food of a society exposes its custom, prosperity, status, habits as well as it help to develop a culture. Food is one of the most important social indicators of a society. History of food carries a dynamic character in the socio- economic, political, and cultural realm of a society. The food is one of the obligatory components in our daily life. It occupied an obvious atmosphere for the augmentation of healthy life and anticipation against the diseases. The food also shows a significant character in establishing cultural distinctiveness, and it reflects who we are. Food also reflected as the symbol of individuality, generosity, social status and religious believes etc in a civilized society. Food is not a discriminating aspect. It is the part of a culture, habits, addiction, and identity of a civilization.Food plays a symbolic role in the social activities the world over. It’s a universal sign of hospitality.[i]
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Re-Appraising Taxation in Travancore and It's Caste Interference
REVATHY V S
Travancore , one of the Princely States in British India and later became the Model State in British India carried a significant role in history when analysing its system of taxation. Tax is one of the chief means for acquiring revenue and wealth. In the modern sense, tax means an amount of money imposed by a government on its citizens to run a state or government. But the system of taxation in the Native States of Travancore had an unequal character or discriminatory character and which was bound up with the caste system. In the case of Travancore and its society, the so called caste system brings artificial boundaries in the society.[i]
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Second World War and Its Repercussions: Impetus on Poverty in Travancore
SAFEED R
In the first half of the twentieth century the world witnessed two deadliest wars and it directly or indirectly affected the countries all over the world. The First World War from 1914-1918 and the Second World War from 1939-1945 shooked the base of the socio-economic and political structure of the entire world. When compared to the Second World War, the First World War confined only within the boundaries of Europe and has a minimal effect on the other parts of the world. The Second World War was most destructive in nature and it changed the existing socio-economic and political setup of the world countries.
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Bromley, M. "Review: Northcliffe's Legacy: Aspects of the British Popular Press, 1896-1996: Northcliffe's Legacy: Aspects of the British Popular Press, 1896-1996." Twentieth Century British History 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/14.2.198.
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