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Journal articles on the topic 'British Columbia'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Liu, Haoran. "The Carbon Tax Effect on British Columbia Economy and Carbon Emission." BCP Business & Management 40 (March 8, 2023): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v40i.4387.

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A carbon tax is the most common carbon emission control policy widely used. British Columbia is the first Canadian province to use a carbon tax and implementing a carbon tax will impact British Columbia's environment and economy. This paper analyzes the scale of the carbon tax, energy consumption, GHG emission, and government revenue in British Columbia to evaluate the effect of the carbon tax. This paper finds that a carbon tax has no impact on dramatically reducing GHG British Columbia emissions, but it can help the government get more revenue. Although the carbon tax has little effect on reducing carbon emissions in British Columbia, the carbon emissions in British Columbia have been significantly reduced compared to other provinces. Therefore, we believe that the British Columbia carbon tax has a significant impact on controlling CO2 emissions, and the value of carbon emissions can be further controlled by increasing the carbon tax.

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2

Björk, Curtis. "British Columbia." Madroño 54, no. 4 (October 18, 2007): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637(2007)54[366:bc]2.0.co;2.

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3

Walton, Gerald. "British Columbia." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education 3, no. 4 (October 12, 2006): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j367v03n04_09.

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4

Pass, Forrest D. "Agrarian Commonwealth or Entrepôt of the Orient? Competing Conceptions of Canada and the BC Terms of Union Debate of 1871." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 17, no. 1 (July 23, 2007): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016101ar.

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Abstract Much of the historiography of British Columbia’s 1871 entry into Confederation has concentrated on the motives of British Columbians in seeking union with Canada. This article examines the discussion of the province’s Terms of Union in the Canadian parliament and in the eastern Canadian press, and recasts the debate as a conflict between two competing visions of Canada’s economic future. Proponents of the admission of British Columbia believed access to the Pacific would transform the new Dominion into a commercial superpower. Opponents of the Terms looked upon distant, mountainous, and sparsely populated British Columbia as a liability, a region and a community that, unlike the Prairie West, could never conform to the agrarian ideal that underpinned their conception of Canada. A reconsideration of the Terms of Union debate in eastern Canada suggests a broader conception of what constitutes Canada’s founding debates, and supports the work of other scholars who have identified an agrarian-commercial cleavage as a defining feature of nineteenth-century Canadian politics.

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5

Krehbiel, Richard. "Common Visions: In fluences of the Nisga'a Final Agreement on Lheidli T'enneh Negotiations in the BC Treaty Process." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 11, no. 3 (2004): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571811042801975.

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AbstractRati fication of the Nisga'a Final Agreement has had an inevitable effect on the conduct of negotiations for First Nations in the British Columbia treaty process. These effects include a general sense of encouragement set against British Columbia's historical denial of First Nation interests, direct support of negotiations, litigation and coping with special interest group resistance to aboriginal progress. This article examines these in fluences in the context of negotiations being conducted by the Lheidli T'enneh First Nation in the Northern interior of British Columbia.

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6

Croft, James. "Surrey, British Columbia." Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 18 (2011): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven201118104.

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Wilkes, Alison. "Vernon, British Columbia." Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 18 (2011): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven201118105.

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8

Croft, James. "Victoria, British Columbia." Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 18 (2011): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven201118106.

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Croft, James. "Chilliwack, British Columbia." Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 18 (2011): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven20111822.

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Wilkes, Alison. "Courtenay, British Columbia." Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 18 (2011): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven20111825.

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Croft, James. "Kamloops, British Columbia." Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 18 (2011): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven20111845.

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12

Wilkes, Alison. "Kelowna, British Columbia." Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 18 (2011): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven20111847.

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13

Croft, James. "Abbotsford, British Columbia." Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 18 (2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven2011186.

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14

Croft, James. "Nanaimo, British Columbia." Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 18 (2011): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven20111862.

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15

Carter, Julie H. "Surrey, British Columbia." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education 1, no. 4 (May 10, 2004): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j367v01n04_08.

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16

Weber, Ronald L., and Knut R. Fladmark. "British Columbia Prehistory." American Indian Quarterly 13, no. 3 (1989): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1184460.

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17

Cadoret, Danielle, Tamara Kailas, Pedro Velmovitsky, Plinio Morita, and Okechukwu Igboeli. "Proposed Implementation of Blockchain in British Columbia’s Health Care Data Management." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 10 (October 23, 2020): e20897. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20897.

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Background There are several challenges such as information silos and lack of interoperability with the current electronic medical record (EMR) infrastructure in the Canadian health care system. These challenges can be alleviated by implementing a blockchain-based health care data management solution. Objective This study aims to provide a detailed overview of the current health data management infrastructure in British Columbia for identifying some of the gaps and inefficiencies in the Canadian health care data management system. We explored whether blockchain is a viable option for bridging the existing gaps in EMR solutions in British Columbia’s health care system. Methods We constructed the British Columbia health care data infrastructure and health information flow based on publicly available information and in partnership with an industry expert familiar with the health systems information technology network of British Columbia’s Provincial Health Services Authorities. Information flow gaps, inconsistencies, and inefficiencies were the target of our analyses. Results We found that hospitals and clinics have several choices for managing electronic records of health care information, such as different EMR software or cloud-based data management, and that the system development, implementation, and operations for EMRs are carried out by the private sector. As of 2013, EMR adoption in British Columbia was at 80% across all hospitals and the process of entering medical information into EMR systems in British Columbia could have a lag of up to 1 month. During this lag period, disease progression updates are continually written on physical paper charts and not immediately updated in the system, creating a continuous lag period and increasing the probability of errors and disjointed notes. The current major stumbling block for health care data management is interoperability resulting from the use of a wide range of unique information systems by different health care facilities. Conclusions Our analysis of British Columbia’s health care data management revealed several challenges, including information silos, the potential for medical errors, the general unwillingness of parties within the health care system to trust and share data, and the potential for security breaches and operational issues in the current EMR infrastructure. A blockchain-based solution has the highest potential in solving most of the challenges in managing health care data in British Columbia and other Canadian provinces.

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18

Oloo, James Alan. "Aboriginal University Student Success in British Columbia, Canada: Time for Action." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 36, no. 1 (2007): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100004452.

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AbstractEducational outcomes for Aboriginal students in British Columbia, and Canada in general, are a cause for considerable concern. High dropout rates, low participation, completion and success rates at educational institutions have challenged educators for decades. Solutions have included lowering admission requirements for Aboriginal candidates and establishing alternative programmes that improve attendance and remedy learning problems. However, most of these policies have not offered a lasting solution to challenges facing Aboriginal students. This study presents findings from interviews conducted with 20 Aboriginal undergraduate students, seven professors, and five non-academic staff at four universities in British Columbia, namely: Malaspina University College, University of Victoria, University of British Columbia, and Simon Fraser University. It presents their definitions of student success and how this could be improved. Four policy options are proposed. These are then tested against six criteria to determine the potential consequences of their implementation. Recommendations are made to British Columbia’s universities based on the multicriteria analysis.

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19

Cookson, Peter W., and Jean Barman. "Growing up British in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l'éducation 12, no. 2 (1987): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1494914.

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20

Ford, John K. B. "First Records of Long-beaked Common Dolphins, Delphinus capensis, in Canadian Waters." Canadian Field-Naturalist 119, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v119i1.88.

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The genus Delphinus has recently been determined to be comprised of two species, the Short-beaked Common Dolphin, D. delphis, and the Long-beaked Common Dolphin, D. capensis. D. delphis is regularly observed in eastern Canadian waters, but is known only from a single stranding in British Columbia. Two specimen records and a series of sightings of D. capensis in British Columbian waters during 1993-2003, detailed here, are the first for this species in Canada. D. capensis normally ranges only as far north as central California, and its abundance in those waters increases in association with warm-water oceanographic events. Although the species appears to be rare in British Columbia, future sightings during warm-water periods might be anticipated.

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21

McAlpine, Donald F., Stan A. Orchard, Kelly A. Sendall, and Rod Palm. "Status of Marine Turtles in British Columbia Waters: A Reassessment." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i1.885.

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Marine turtles in British Columbia have previously been considered off course stragglers. Here we document 20 new reports for Green Turtles, Chelonia mydas, and Leatherback Turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, for the province. Until recently there had been no concerted effort to acquire data on marine turtle abundance or frequency off British Columbia. Observations presented here allow a reassessment of marine turtle status in British Columbia waters. We suggest Green Turtles and Leatherbacks should be considered rare vagrants and uncommon seasonal residents, respectively, off British Columbia and that they are a natural part of the British Columbia marine environment.

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22

Jones, Emilie, Veronika Larsen, and Stefan Dollinger. "Silencing Voices: Indigenous day schools and the education section of the 1958 Hawthorn report for British Columbia." British Journal of Canadian Studies 36, no. 1 (March 11, 2024): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bjcs.2024.2.

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In 1954, the Department of Citizenship and Immigration commissioned anthropologist Harry Hawthorn to investigate problems faced by Indigenous people in British Columbia. This article focuses on Hawthorn’s report, The Indians of British Columbia (1958) and compares its recommendations with the original source questionnaire responses found at the University of British Columbia’s Archives and Special Collections. The responses examined, collected near the peak of day school enrollment in British Columbia, offer new insights directly from educators about their perspectives on the problems faced by Indigenous children attending day schools, and more broadly Indigenous communities as a whole. Key changes apparent in the questionnaire responses and 1958 report showcase the absence of Indigenous voices in any of the questionnaires and a lack of interest from educators in the communities, though such interest is claimed in the report. Both the questionnaires and Hawthorn’s resulting report recommend a consistent antithetical juxtaposition of Indigenous versus western, the discouragement of family ties, and the limitation of formal education to school-aged children. Such findings work to balance Hawthorn’s status as an advocate of Indigenous rights with the damaging realities indicated through and supported by his report. Through this analysis, we aim to further understandings of the impact of day schools on communities in British Columbia, and to view kinship within a reality of resilience and survival.

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23

Smith, Patrick J. "Completing the ‘Three-Peat’: Recent Provincial Elections in British Columbia." Canadian Political Science Review 4, no. 2-3 (October 9, 2010): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24124/c677/2010252.

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British Columbia held its 39th General Election on May 12, 2009. It produced a result very close to the previous election in May, 2005, with Gordon Campbell’s Liberal Government returned with 48% of the popular vote and 49 of 85 seats (or 57.6% of the MLA’s) in an expanded British Columbia legislature. For Gordon Campbell, his victory to a third term made him only the fourth Premier in British Columbia to be elected for a third term, and the first since William Bennett and the Socreds from the mid 1970’s to the mid 1980’s. Until Gordon Campbell, all First Ministers since 1986 had served no more than one term, some considerably less. (VanderZalm, Johnston, Harcourt, Clark, Miller and Dosanjh (between 1986 and 2001 – an average of 2.5 years each), During this decade and a half of electoral turmoil, British Columbia became the first Canadian jurisdiction with Recall and Initiative legislation, as well as adding a separate Referendum Act. To understand the 2009 result, having an idea of its prelude is helpful. That prelude included two General Elections – in 1996 and 2001 which were controversial and resulted in British Columbia’s shift to fixed election dates for 2005 and 2009. The latter two elections both also included a referendum on electoral reform. Both of these failed.

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24

Klimaszewski, Jan, and Georges Pelletier. "Review of the Ocalea group of genera (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) in Canada and Alaska: new taxa, bionomics, and distribution." Canadian Entomologist 136, no. 4 (August 2004): 443–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-069.

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AbstractA review of the Nearctic genera and Canadian and Alaskan species of the Ocalea group is presented. Ten genera are treated, with five erected as new: Alfocalea Klimaszewski gen. nov. (type species: A. montana Klimaszewski sp. nov.), Betocalea Klimaszewski gen. nov. (type species: B. pacifica Klimaszewski sp. nov.), Gennadota Casey (reinstated), Longipeltina Bernhauer, Megocalea Klimaszewski gen. nov. (type species: M. lemieuxi Klimaszewski sp. nov.), Metocalea Klimaszewski gen. nov. (type species: M. lindgreni Klimaszewski sp. nov.), Neoisoglossa (Casey) (nomen novum), Neothetalia Klimaszewski gen. nov. (type species: N. nimia (Casey)), Ocalea Erichson (restricted definition), and Parocalea Bernhauer. Twenty-four species of the Ocalea group are here recognized in the Nearctic region, fourteen of which occur in Canada. Six new species are described from western Canada and Alaska: Neothetalia smetanai Klimaszewski sp. nov. (Canada: British Columbia), Neothetalia canadiana Klimaszewski sp. nov. (Canada: British Columbia, Yukon Territory; United States: Alaska), Betocalea pacifica (Canada: British Columbia), Alfocalea montana (Canada: Alberta, British Columbia), Metocalea lindgreni (Canada: British Columbia), and Megocalea lemieuxi (Canada: British Columbia). The first record of Neoisoglossa agnita (Casey) in Alberta is provided. Two nominal species, Atheta (Athetalia) bicarniceps Casey (= Neoisoglossa) and Isoglossa grandicollis (Casey) (= Neoisoglossa), are here synonymized with Neoisoglossa arcuata (Casey). Aleochara pallitarsis Kirby has been transferred to the genus Neothetalia and is newly recorded from Alaska and British Columbia. Ocalea columbiana Klimaszewski has been transferred to Neothetalia and is newly recorded from Alaska. Neothetalia pallitarsis was formerly recorded from an unknown locality in North America and Neothetalia columbiana from the Carmanah Valley on Vancouver Island. Neothetalia nimia is newly recorded from Alaska. A new generic classification is proposed to accommodate species of the Nearctic Ocalea group. New data are provided on the systematics, relationships, bionomics, and distribution of the Nearctic species and genera of America north of Mexico. Diagnoses, colour images of entire bodies, and line illustrations of genital features are provided for those Canadian and Alaskan species that were not formerly illustrated, and their collection localities are plotted on maps. A key to Nearctic genera of the Ocalea group and the species occurring in Canada and Alaska is presented. The lectotypes have been designated for the following nominal species because the original series consisted of syntypes or represented mixed species or both sexes but with males bearing a better diagnostic set of characters: Aleochara picata Stephens (= Ocalea), Atheta (Athetalia) bicarniceps, Atheta (Athetalia) nimia Casey (= Neothetalia), Atheta (Athetalia) repensa Casey (= Neoisoglossa), Isoglossa arcuata Casey (= Neoisoglossa), Ocalea agnita Casey (= Neoisoglossa), Ocalea franciscana Casey (= Neoisoglossa), Ocalea fusca Fenyes (= Neoisoglossa), Ocalea grandicollis Casey (= Neoisoglossa), Pyroglossa grossa Bernhauer, Rheobioma disjuncta Casey (= Neoisoglossa), Rheobioma marcida Casey (= Neoisoglossa), and Rheobioma terrena Casey (= Neoisoglossa).

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Boom, J. D. G., E. G. Boulding, and A. T. Beckenbach. "Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Introduced Populations of Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-160.

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Crassostrea gigas, a species native to Japan, was transplanted in very large numbers from the Miyagi Prefecture from 1927 to 1977 to British Columbia coastal waters. We examined the genetic structure and diversity of wild British Columbian populations of C. gigas using restriction enzyme analysis of mitochondrial DNA. Forty-four mtDNA haplotypes were identified in 141 animals from the populations sampled, implying the existence of considerable genetic diversity. The frequency distribution of these haplotypes is unusual in that only two haplotypes predominate whereas 34 are represented by a single individual and five by two individuals. The four British Columbia populations sampled all shared the two common haplotypes in roughly the same frequencies and a third haplotype at low frequencies. Between 9 and 11 haplotypes were found uniquely in each of the four British Columbia populations sampled, but 34 of those 40 private haplotypes were observed only once. Much larger sample sizes would be required to conclude that those haplotypes are indeed "private" and not present in low frequencies in all populations. We conclude that there is substantial genetic variation in these introduced populations, but there is little evidence of genetic divergence between them.

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26

Smith, Les, Karen D. Kelly, Glenda Prkachin, and Donald C. Voaklander. "The Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy in British Columbia, 1991-1995." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 35, no. 3 (July 2008): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100008933.

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Objective:To quantify the prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) in British Columbia within a four-year birth cohort.Methods:The study was a population-based record linkage study of a birth cohort of British Columbian children born between April 1, 1991 and March 31, 1995. Cases were identified by the presence of International Classification of Diseases, Version 9 (ICD-9) diagnostic code “343” recorded at three years of age or older or by having the ICD-9 diagnostic code “343” recorded prior to the third birthday with two confirmatory diagnoses within the first three years of life through a record search of the BC Medical Services Plan billing files for the fiscal years 1991 to 1995.Results/Conclusion:This research has provided an estimate of the prevalence of CP in the four-year birth cohort 1991 to 1995 in British Columbia. An aggregate prevalence rate of CP was measured as 2.68 per 1000 live births, and a congenital rate was measured at 2.57 for the same population. Birth weight and gestational age demonstrated a significant relationship with the development of CP. This study should lend credence to the establishment of a CP register in British Columbia.

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27

Butska, Luba, and Kathrin Stoll. "When Midwives Burn Out: Differences in the Experiences of Midwives in British Columbia and Alberta." Canadian Journal of Midwifery Research and Practice 19, no. 2 (April 19, 2024): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/cjmrp.v19i2.49.

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Background: Internationally, continuity of care has been identified as a possible strategy to prevent burnout. The majority of midwives in British Columbia and Alberta practice within a continuity-based model of care, but British Columbia midwives have significantly higher burnout scores. Methods: We compared data from midwives from Alberta and British Columbia who responded to the Canadian arm of the WHELM (Work, Health, and Emotional Lives of Midwives) survey through invitations via their professional organizations. The survey included demographic questions, items about work patterns, occupational stressors, burnout, and intentions and reasons to leave the profession. Results: Workload was the most commonly reported stressor in both British Columbia and Alberta. Midwives in British Columbia were more likely (54%) to have seriously considered leaving the profession in the last 12 months than midwives in Alberta (26%). One-third of British Columbia midwives and no Alberta midwives cited poor pay as a reason to leave the profession. In answers to open-ended questions, 47% of respondents from British Columbia, but none from Alberta, highlighted poor pay as something that would need to change in order for them to successfully manage workplace stress. Discussion and Conclusion: Our comparison of similar midwifery contexts in Western Canada suggests burnout and intention to leave the profession are associated with how the care is remunerated. Midwives in British Columbia and Alberta care for a similar volume of clients and are paid with a similar type of payment system, but midwives in British Columbia are paid significantly less per course of care. A revised payment system or a significant increase in pay per client may ensure that midwives in British Columbia can continue to provide high-quality relationship-based care while maintaining longevity in the profession. This article has been peer reviewed.

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28

Shrimer, Fred H. "Experience with alkali-aggregate reaction in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-058.

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In British Columbia, alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in concrete has not historically been a well-studied, and thus well-understood, mechanism. This paper provides a synopsis of the current state of what is known of AAR in British Columbia. The foci of the paper are (i) locations of AAR in concrete, (ii) the AAR characteristics of aggregates in British Columbia, (iii) the relationship between geology and AAR, and (iv) preventative methods and prescriptions used to prevent or mitigate AAR in British Columbia.Key words: alkali-aggregate reaction, British Columbia, concrete, aggregate, expansion test.

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29

Brisco, David, Karel Klinka, and Gordon Nigh. "Height Growth Models for Western Larch in British Columbia." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/17.2.66.

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Abstract British Columbia's foresters currently use height growth curves developed with data from Montana to estimate the height and productivity of western larch (Larix occidentalis). The ability of the presently used curves to accurately predict the height growth of British Columbia's larch population is unknown. The production of new curves with local data could improve our ability to predict heights and allow increasingly precise yield projections in British Columbia. Data from 105 western larch stem analysis plots were collected from across the natural range of larch in British Columbia. The measured plots were naturally established, fire-origin, even-aged, and exhibited no indications of suppression or disease. A Richards function was fit to the data from each plot and used to generate height-age and site index information. Four models were fit to the plot data: conditioned logistic, Chapman Richards, conditioned Chapman Richards, and conditioned Weibull. The Chapman Richards model had the best fit to the data, although all four models had similar fit statistics. Overall, the Chapman Richards model is slightly more accurate at estimating heights than the currently used model. West.J. Appl. For. 17(2):66–74.

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30

Higgs, E. "Notes from British Columbia." Ecological Restoration 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.22.1.5.

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31

Roy, Patricia E. "Aspects of British Columbia." Journal of Canadian Studies 25, no. 3 (August 1990): 3–175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.25.3.3.

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32

Croft, James. "Prince George, British Columbia." Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 18 (2011): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven20111872.

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33

Manos, Kenna Creer. "Homage to British Columbia." College English 50, no. 8 (December 1988): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/377984.

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34

Barman, Roderick J. "Packing in British Columbia." Journal of Transport History 21, no. 2 (September 2000): 140–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.21.2.2.

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35

Irving, E. "Tectonics: Whence British Columbia?" Nature 314, no. 6013 (April 1985): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/314673a0.

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36

Laborde, J. Monroe. "Bugaboos, British Columbia, Canada." Spine 37, no. 6 (March 2012): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e318252ed5b.

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&NA;. "Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 6, no. 2 (June 1985): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-198506000-00019.

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38

Fisher, Brian. "University of British Columbia." Interactions 9, no. 2 (March 2002): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/505103.505117.

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39

Sobey, Paul. "News from British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Addiction 1, no. 2 (June 2010): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/02024458-201006000-00007.

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Sobey, Paul. "News from British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Addiction 1, no. 3 (December 2010): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/02024458-201012000-00033.

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41

Morrison, D. J., D. Chu, and A. L. S. Johnson. "Species ofArmillariain British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 7, no. 3 (September 1985): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060668509501685.

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42

Bailey, Steve, and Carolyn Bunting. "Education in British Columbia." Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 69, no. 5 (June 1996): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1996.10114311.

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Leung, T. J., P. A. Baird, and B. McGillivray. "Hypospadias in British Columbia." American Journal of Medical Genetics 21, no. 1 (May 1985): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320210106.

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44

Levin, John S. "Change and Influence in the Community Colleges of British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 24, no. 1 (April 30, 1994): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v24i1.183183.

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During the 1980s, a number of social, economic, and political changes in British Columbia enabled individuals and groups to influence actions which affected the operations and development of the community colleges of British Columbia. This is a study of influence and influencers in the community colleges of British Columbia. Examined are actions affecting the British Columbia community col- lege from 1980 1991. Determinants and outcomes of these actions, as well as those individuals or groups who influenced these actions, are identified.

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45

Douglas, George W., and Jeanne M. Illingworth. "Conservation Evaluation of the Pacific Population of Tall Woolly-heads, Psilocarphus elatior, an Endangered Herb in Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i2.905.

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In Canada, Psilocarphus elatior occurs in British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan. This paper examines the status of the Pacific populations located on southeastern Vancouver Island in southwestern British Columbia. The Pacific population consists of 12 recorded sites of which only five have been confirmed since 1993. In British Columbia, P. elatior is associated with dried beds of vernal pools and other open, moist depressions at lower elevations. In British Columbia, P. elatior populations occur in large numbers at only two of the seven locations.

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Brockman, Joan. "“Resistance by the Club” to the Feminization of the Legal Profession." Canadian journal of law and society 7, no. 2 (1992): 47–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100002337.

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AbstractThis paper examines the growth in numbers of lawyers in Canada and British Columbia, and the attrition rates of members from the Law Society of British Columbia. It then reports on the results of a survey of former members of the Law Society of British Columbia which examines the reasons why these former members did not renew their memberships in the Law Society, their perceptions of gender bias in the legal profession in British Columbia, their suggestions for improving the legal profession, and some of the implications of such recommendations.

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Gomme, Reid. "Delgamuukw v. British Columbia: When Aboriginal Voices of Law Were Finally Heard." Political Science Undergraduate Review 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur46.

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This essay analyzes the enduring impact of the case Delgamuukw v. British Columbia (1997), in which the Supreme Court of Canada overturned the original ruling by the Supreme Court of British Columbia in 1997 upon appeal by members of the Gitskan and Wet’suwet’en peoples representing the Delgamuukw side. The case set strengthened precedent in Canada’s legal system for the use of indigenous oral history as acceptable evidence in identifying first nations land claims based on their ancestral accounts. As has been shown in more recent indigenous land claims cases such as Tsilhqot’in v. British Columbia (2014), this precedent is finally allowing some first nations communities a legal tool recognized strongly enough within Canadian legal systems, historically entrenched in European common and civil law approaches of justifying evidence, to gain more just land claims settlements. While actions by some levels of Canadian government, such as the British Columbian Liberal government’s 2001 popular referendum on the merits of indigenous land claims, have shown bad faith for the prospects of nation to nation land claim settlement negotiation, the pressure exerted on all levels of Canadian government by decisions such as Delgamuukw and Tsilhqot’in show promise in forcing a shift to more just land claim settlements in future disputes.

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Moseley, Mark M. "Natural Gas Deregulation in British Columbia: A 1987 Perspective." Alberta Law Review 26, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr717.

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This paper reviews the current status of natural gas deregulation in British Columbia, focussing on certain topical issues. It addresses the future role of the British Columbia Petroleum Corporation, the future role of Westcoast Transmission Company Limited, recent developments with respect to bypass initiatives and, lastly, the new British Columbia natural gas surplus determination procedures.

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Yoshida, Eric M., Nadine R. Caron, Andrzej K. Buczkowski, Laura T. Arbour, Charles H. Scudamore, Urs P. Steinbrecher, Siegfried R. Erb, and Stephen W. Chung. "Indications for Liver Tranplantation in British Columbia’s Aboriginal Population: A 10-Year Retrospective Analysis." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 14, no. 9 (2000): 775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/907463.

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OBJECTIVES: To study the indications for liver transplantation among British Columbia’s First Nation population.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the British Columbia Transplant Society’s database of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal liver transplant recipients from 1989 to 1998 was undertaken. For primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), the transplant assessment database (patients with and without transplants) was analyzed using a binomial distribution and compared with published census data regarding British Columbia’s proportion of Aboriginal people.RESULTS: Between 1989 and 1998, 203 transplantations were performed in 189 recipients. Fifteen recipients were Aboriginal (n=15; 7.9%). Among all recipients, the four most frequent indications for liver transplantation were hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (n=57; 30.2%), PBC (n=34; 18.0%), alcohol (n=22; 11.6%) and autoimmune hepatitis (n=14; 7.4%). Indications for liver transplantation among Aboriginal people were PBC (n=8; 53.3%; P<0.001 compared with non-Aboriginal people), autoimmune hepatitis (n=4; 26.67%; P=0.017), acute failure (n=2; 13.3%) and HCV (n=1). Among all patients referred for liver transplantation with PBC (n=43), 29 (67.44%) were white and 11 (25.6%) were Aboriginal. A significant difference was found between the proportion of Aboriginal people referred for liver transplantation and the proportion of Aboriginal people in British Columbia (139,655 of 3,698,755 [3.8%]; 1996 Census, Statistics Canada) (P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Aboriginal people in British Columbia are more likely to be referred for liver transplantation with a diagnosis of PBC but are less likely to receive a liver transplant because of HCV or alcohol than are non-Aboriginal people.

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Kovats, M. "A comparison of British, Swedish and British Columbian growth and yield predictions for lodgepole pine." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 4 (August 1, 1993): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69450-4.

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Growth and yield information for managed stands in British Columbia is scarce, hampering the creation of prediction systems needed for a wide array of treatments and sites. Using existing information on managed stands and experience from the temperate forests in other countries offers a possible means of providing an interim solution. Lodgepole pine was used to test this approach. Similarities between unthinned yields generated by the British Columbia model (Tree And Stand Simulator — TASS) and the corresponding British system at 1500 stems per hectare initial spacing indicate that European predictions for thinned stands can be useful in estimating yield responses in British Columbia. British and Swedish projections show 4–13% more usable wood and 36–52% larger diameters at top height 28 m for thinned stands than for unthinned stands predicted for British Columbia.

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