Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'British Columbia'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: British Columbia.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'British Columbia.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Perry, Adele. "Gender race, and the making of colonial society British Columbia, 1858-1871 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq27317.pdf.
Full text
2
Pawluk, Lorna A. "Variable compensation in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42048.
Full textAbstract:
This study begins with a review of economic and
industrial relations literature to identify changes to the
workplace that will make industry more productive and
competitive. It identifies the measures necessary for
industry to take advantage of technological development and
to make the workplace more flexible. Specifically it
focuses on variable or flexible compensation plans. After
identifying the key features of various forms of flexible
compensation, it examines approximately 30 plans being used
in British Columbia. The case studies assist in identifying
the advantages and disadvantages of each type of plan, from
the perspectives of the employer, the employees and the
trade union. Finally it suggests steps that can be taken
by government to encourage variable compensation.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
3
Gregg, Jennifer. "Youth gambling in British Columbia." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2003. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MR15199.
Full text
4
Loo, Tina Merrill. "Making law, order and authority in British Columbia, 1821 - 1871 /." Toronto [u.a.] : Univ. of Toronto Press, 1994. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/273072315.pdf.
Full text
5
Naumann, Curt Marcel. "The Cheam Slide : a study of the interrelationship of rock avalanches and seismicity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29721.
Full textAbstract:
It is being increasingly realized that there exists an interrelationship between seismicity and rock slope failures. Possible chronological clustering of rock avalanches in the Fraser River corridor was investigated to determine if a common seismic trigger existed. It was determined that the events occurred throughout the Holocene indicating that either these slides were not seismically triggered or that seismic triggers were chronologically unrelated. Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquakes are believed to have occurred throughout the Holocene (Adams, 1989; Atwater, 1987; Hull, 1987). The ages of the earthquakes were compared to the ages of rock avalanches in the Fraser River corridor, but no distinct correlation could be made.
The lack of distinct correlation between large rock avalanches in Fraser Corridor and paleoseismicity, and the absence of event clustering, indicated either seismicity was not a factor, or that these rock avalanches may not have been susceptible to seismic triggering. A stability study of Cheam Slide was performed to investigate the susceptibility of large rock avalanches to earthquake triggering. The results suggested that the seismic susceptibility of a slope is closely linked to the displacement the slope must undergo for failure to take place. A large critical displacement may render the slope relatively insensitive to seismic triggering, while a low critical displacement may result in high seismic susceptibility.
A comparison was made between the effects of seismic and pore pressure related triggering. The results indicated that a high critical displacement slope, which is close to failure, may be more likely to fail by high pore pressures than by seismic loading. Low critical displacement slopes which are stable enough to surviving hydrodynamic loading may, because of their susceptibility to seismic triggering, pose the greatest hazard.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
6
Feick, Jenny L. "Evaluating ecosystem management in the Columbia Mountains of British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/NQ54777.pdf.
Full text
7
Daniels, Peter L. "A geography of unemployment in Vancouver CMA." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25375.
Full textAbstract:
Widespread and persistent high levels of unemployment now appear to be endemic in many "advanced" economies and are commonly recognized as the major socioeconomic problem (with staggering direct and indirect costs on society and individuals) to be confronted by policy and decision-makers in the incipient form of modern Western society. The province of British Columbia (B.C.) in Canada (which contains the principal study area (the Vancouver C.M.A)) lost over six percent of its employed workforce over the two years between July 1982 and July 1984 and currently (in 1985) has the second highest unemployment rate in the nation with levels well above the OEGD average.
This study comprises an attempt to identify the nature and causes of unemployment in 1981 in the major metropolitan area in B.C. (the Vancouver CMA), in addition to an assessment of changes in the characteristics of unemployment during the economic downturn that has vexed the province since 1981. The research methodology is sharply divided into a specific focus on the nature of unemployment, and in particular, the processes underlying intra-urban variations in unemployment rates within the Vancouver CMA on one hand, and a more general analysis of regional trends over the 1970's in one major relevant economic sector (the goods-production industries) on the other. Unfortunately, significant problems are faced in the use of data restricted to the exceptionally low unemployment census year of 1981 and the scope of the investigation is necessarily modest given the complexity of the problem and the resources available.
The urban level analysis is basically a series of tests (including the regression and correlation of aggregated and individual social and spatial data) to ascertain the relevance of the two major hypotheses of intra-urban spatial variations in unemployment The "trapped" hypothesis stresses the role of space as a direct influence on unemployment probability (often as a perceived joint result of confinement to certain housing locations within the city and the suburbanization of industrial employment demand). The alternative hypothesis explains the pattern of unemployment rates in terms of the concentration of unemployment upon workers with certain socioeconomic characteristics who occupy geographically distinct sections of the housing market
From the research results, the role of space in the determination of unemployment probability, within the CMA, appears to be limited. However, there is some evidence that personal characteristics and spatial effects may be simultaneously having some effect on expected unemployment rates and a consideration of spatial separation between labour supply and demand, even within the CMA, may well be important for labour market theory and policy. Hence, the CMA cannot be unequivocally adopted as the appropriate local labour market for all groups of people (divided on the basis of their socioeconomic characteristics and location) in the CMA. The detailed analysis of the personal characteristics of the unemployed has also suggested the high-unemployment probability, in low and high employment demand times, of the lower-skilled and the occupations with the higher proportions of low-skilled workers (generally the manual blue-collar and service occupations!
A preliminary analysis of trends in manufacturing production sector changes throughout the 1970's (at the B.C. regional scale) has been completed as a result of the perceived inadequacy of the urban level focus. Although a resolution on the manufacturing production sector has meant only a partial analysis of employment demand, the goods-production industries have been the central area of focus. This sector has been specifically selected in view of a number of restrictions (including data availability and overall research resource constraints) and in order to test the relevance, in the B.C. context, of some of the processes hypothesized in the literature produced by the prolific radical geographers. Unemployment and production activities are usually important aspects of radical theory on the relation between labour and the restructuring of capitalism.
The empirical research for this second section is essentially a simple comparison of some major structural characteristics of manufacturing production employment and output in 1971 and 1981 at three geographic scales (based on a core-periphery classification) within the province. Although there is little evidence of the processes hypothesized by the radical geography school, the methodological problems faced are prohibitive and conclusions remain tentative. There is, however, a distinctive trend toward the reduced demand for production labour input With continued capital-intensification in the face of international competition and reduced world demand; together with the direct effect of reduced- output' demand in an historical period that appears to involve a rather dramatic redefinition of B.C.'s role in the world economy, the unemployment problem is unlikely to be substantially reduced in the foreseeable future without a major absorption of displaced labour into rapidly growing, labour-intensive service industries. "Full" employment policy in the contemporary mode, will probably be ineffectual in the B.C. setting.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
8
Murphy, David G. "The role of organized labour in the network system of industrial governance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0014/NQ34597.pdf.
Full text
9
Palsgrove, Regan Jane. "Stratigraphy, sedimentology and coal quality of the Lower Skeena Group, Telkwa Coalfield, Central British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30267.
Full textAbstract:
The Albian Lower Skeena Group in the Telkwa coalfield comprises more than 500 metres of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and coal deposited during two regressive/transgressive cycles. The stratigraphic sequence is divisible into four lithostratigraphic units. The basal unit, Unit I, may be more than 100 metres thick and comprises conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, coal, and seat earth. Conglomerate and sandstone are composed dominantly of chert and volcanic rock fragments, and mudstones are kaolinitic. Unit I was deposited in a fluvial environment on an eroded volcanic basement. Gravel and sand were deposited in braided channels and bars, and mudstone accumulated in floodplains. Coal formed in poorly drained, peat-forming backswamps. In the northern part of the study area, coal seams thin and split, a result of periodic flooding of peat swamps with sediment-laden water from nearby streams. Deposition of Unit I ended with a marine transgression and deposition of Unit II.
Unit II consists of up to 140 metres of silty mudstone, bioturbated or cross-bedded, chert and muscovite-rich sandstone, and rare thin coaly mudstones deposited in a deltaic/shallow marine environment. Sand was deposited in distributary channels and mouth-bars, mud accumulated in bays, and thin discontinuous peat beds accumulated in local salt marshes. There is structural evidence for the presence of an unconformity within Unit II, but palynological and paleontological data suggest that the strata are all similarly aged.
Unit III averages 90 metres thick, and comprises bioturbated or rippled, chert and muscovite-rich sandstone, siltstone, carbonaceous mudstone and thick, laterally extensive coal seams deposited in a variety of low-energy, paralic environments. Sand and mud were deposited and biogenically reworked in tidal flats, and siltstone accumulated in a restricted, nearshore marine environment in the eastern edge of the study area. Peat accumulated in freshwater coastal marshes which periodically prograded over tidal flats. All but the lowermost coal seams pinch out eastward into restricted, nearshore marine sediments, and the ash content of the coal increases toward the margin of the seam. Locally, the sulphur content of the coal is high, reflecting occasional inundation of the fresh-water swamps by brackish water. High sulphur coal contains relatively more pyritic sulphur and less organic sulphur, compared to low-sulphur coal.
Unit IV is at least 150 metres thick and is composed of chloritic, green sandstone overlain by silty mudstone, deposited in a marine environment. The basal sandstone is a transgressive lag deposit, and silty mudstone, the predominant lithofacies, was deposited in a nearshore, shallow marine environment.
The provenance of the sediments in the Telkwa coalfield changes from the base to the top of the stratigraphic section. Conglomerate and sandstone of Unit I contain an abundance of volcanic clasts and grains, locally derived from underlying and surrounding volcanic rocks of the Jurassic Hazelton Group, which were uplifted as part of the Skeena Arch and subsequently eroded and reworked. Sandstones of Units II, III and IV, which contain much less volcanic-derived material and an abundance of mica flakes, were derived from high-grade metamorphic rocks in the Omineca Belt. Chert grains are abundant throughout, reflecting continued clastic influx from the Pinchi Belt-Columbian Orogen.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
10
Courtney, Lyle George. "Education, training, and non-metropolitan development." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/NQ56528.pdf.
Full text
11
Sayers, Anthony Michael. "Liberal party activists in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28278.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze the nature and role of Liberal Party activists in the political life of British Columbia. As activists are at the central core of political parties, describing these activists is essential for understanding parties and the political process in general.
The description and analysis are based on the results of a survey of the 1987 Liberal leadership Convention conducted by several members of the Political Science Department at the University of British Columbia, including the author. The resulting information was collated and analyzed then compared with the accepted wisdom concerning Liberal supporters in British Columbia.
This thesis reveals the Liberal Party activists in British Columbia to be quite typical of activists found in other parties in Canada. As a result of the party's centre position in the polarized politics of this province, it does tend to attract activists disenchanted with this style of politics. This results in a heterogeneous collection of beliefs amongst activists. The success of the federal Liberal Party and the importance of many federal issues for Liberal Party sympathizers encourages provincial activists to adopt a federal oriented perspective on politics. This is at odds with the two major parties in British Columbia.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
12
Frost, Ann C. "Bargaining structure in a decade of environmental change : the case of the B.C. forest products industry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28710.
Full textAbstract:
The forest products industry is a major part of British Columbia's economy, employing directly or indirectly about twenty percent of the province's workforce; and accounting for a significant percentage of the province's exports and government revenues. Historically, the industry has been characterized by highly centralized bargaining structures and formal pattern bargaining between the two regions, the Interior and the Coast, and between the two main industry sectors, pulp and paper and solid wood. Recent environmental changes however, have put considerable pressure on the current system. Because of these changes employers now desire less centralized structures and more local control over terms of the collective agreement.
Pressures for decentralization have resulted from a combination of world wide trends and industry specific changes. The globalization of markets, increased volatility of currency exchange rates, and the increasing rate of technological change are examples of the former. Industry specific changes include the diversification of products and markets between regions and firms, and two major labour disputes in the 1980s.
These changes however, have had little effect upon bargaining in the forest products industry. Some changes have occurred, but to date they have not been significant. Employers in the province's pulp and paper sector deaccredited
their employer bargaining association in March 1985. Despite this change, bargaining in the last two rounds has been done jointly, as it has been done for the past four decades. The second change noted is the severing of ties between the Pulp Bureau and FIR, the Coastal solid wood employer association. Previously overseen by a common Chairman, these two bodies are now run independently to encourage the separation of bargaining outcomes in the two sectors. The final change of note is the role reversal between the pulp unions and the IWA. For many years it was the IWA who negotiated what would become the industry wide settlement. In the last two rounds of negotiations, however, the pulp unions have settled first.
Despite what appear to be significant environmental changes, there has been relatively little change in bargaining in this industry. Clearly there are forces in the industry's industrial relations system that are preserving the status quo. Several organizational forces and one environmental force are identified which are preventing change in industry bargaining structures. Organizational forces include third party pressures (specifically threats of government intervention), industry tradition and past practice, and the unions' ability to resist unilateral changes in bargaining. The environmental force preventing employers from forcing change in industry bargaining structure is the economic health of product markets in the two sectors. Not until the pressures for change are great enough to overcome these inertial organizational forces will significant change occur
in the bargaining structure and patterns of the B.C. forest products industry.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
13
Olivotto, Giuseppe Gerrard. "Finance for silviculture in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26510.
Full textAbstract:
Government funding for silviculture in British Columbia has expanded recently, but remains well short of the level recommended by many foresters. This thesis contains a proposal to replace government funding with investment from capital markets. It describes the funding mechanism, analyzes the implications to government, and introduces a method of distributing investment funds through a system of competitive bidding between forest management companies. In return for their participation, investors and forest companies would both receive equity in future timber production. The thesis concludes that at a cost of foregoing 50% of its future stumpage revenue, government might replace its current spending on intensive forest management with a funding level from capital markets of $500 million to $800 million per year.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
14
Smith, Margaret Anne. "Home parenteral nutrition in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26536.
Full textAbstract:
Parenteral nutrition is a therapy that supplies patients with all their nutritional requirements intravenously, thus eliminating the need for oral alimentation. The therapy was first introduced in the United States to hospitalized patients in the late 1960's. The benefit of long-term parenteral nutrition was soon recognized, and a program for ambulatory or home parenteral nutrition (HPN) was developed. In British Columbia, the first HPN patient was begun on such therapy in 1972. Since then, more than 50 British Columbians have received HPN. In March 1986, there were 24 patients on the program. The average annual cost per patient was $29,278 and the total 1986 operating budget was $702,660, not including costs for equipment or hospital training. Up to now, there has been no analytical assessment of the HPN program in B.C.
This thesis describes the current home parenteral nutrition situation in B.C. and makes recommendations for its improvement. It looks at overall clinical outcomes (both physiological and psychosocial), at the results with different subgroups of the population, and at the cost of the HPN program in B.C., and also considers the potential of this therapy for children.
In Chapter 2, the literature is reviewed and organized to cover a general description of HPN therapy, a summary of the results obtained from a number of academic centers, a review of HPN therapy in childhood and the psychosocial issues of concern to HPN patients.
Chapter 3 provides a detailed description of the current HPN situation in
B.C. The study methodology is described in Chapter 4 and the results in Chapter 5. The study is a descriptive analysis. Due to the lack of any obvious control group, a comparative evaluation per se was not possible. However, a Seattle study by Robb, reported in 1983, does allow for some comparison. The main sources of data were:
1. A Patient Questionnaire: The questionnaire was modelled on that used by the Seattle group. 23 B.C. patients, either on HPN at the time of questioning,
or previously on the therapy, were surveyed. 19 (83%) responded.
2. A Health Professional Questionnaire: This questionnaire was compiled especially for and sent to all known health care workers in B.C. in the HPN field. 19 professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, dieticians, and administrators, were surveyed. 17 responded for a response rate of 89%.
The patient survey provided basic demographic information, a description of HPN therapy received, as well as data on clinical outcomes, both physiological and psychosocial. Results showed that patient age, length of time on HPN, numbers of hours per week devoted to HPN, occupation and place of residence were the most important variables for predicting patient outcomes. Thus, patients that were older, had been on HPN less than one year, or spent more than 80 hours per week preparing and administering HPN solutions, had more physiological complaints and showed interference with more daily activities and personal relationships. Patients who were employed, rated the HPN experience more positively.
Overall, patients found the HPN experience to be a positive one, although this was not true for a small group of patients. Data also indicated that B.C. patients achieved physiological results similar to the Seattle group, and to other centers reported in the literature, but appeared to have more interference with daily activities and personal relationships than did patients from the Seattle study.
The health professional survey indicated that professionals considered the current situation in B.C. to be good with respect to patient training and the complication rate achieved. However, patient follow-up and the psychosocial support provided to patients were rated only fair to poor. These health care professionals cited problems with the program's organization, the need to standardize service to all patients, and the need to provide patients with pre-mixed solutions.
In conclusion, some recommendations are made for improvement in the B.C. HPN program.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
15
Seto, Debbie W. H. "Condominium conversion regulations in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26916.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis examines the condominium conversion regulations of thirteen municipalities in the Vancouver Metropolitan area to determine how effective they are in addressing the concerns underlying conversion policies. The study begins with a review of the Canadian housing literature over the past two decades in order to identify the nature of Canadian rental housing problems, how these problems are defined and analyzed; and what policy prescriptions are offered. As part of the review of municipal conversion regulations, the legal context and the extent of legislative power for implementing conversion controls by local governments are examined. The study also examines the concept of private property rights--a fundamental philosophical issue in the policy debate over conversion regulations.
Although the literature provides no consensus on the underlying causes or the appropriate policy response, it is clear that there are serious problems with Canada's urban rental housing sector. The problems include persistently low vacancy rates, declining private rental starts and the difficulty experienced by a considerable portion of low- and moderate income renters in affording private rental units. The province of British Columbia provides municipalities with broad discretionary powers to regulate conversions. In spite of the potential to devise comprehensive and innovative policy responses, existing municipal conversion regulations tend to be narrow in scope, inconsistently applied and many contain serious loopholes. A closer examination of recent conversion trends in the City of Vancouver provides evidence to show that conversions continue to take place and that Vancouver's conversion regulations are aimed primarily at ensuring compensation for displaced tenants, rather than effectively protecting the city's rental housing stock.
The thesis concludes that if municipalities are to maintain a diversity of choice in housing tenure, a re-evaluation of conversion policies at both the provincial and municipal levels is warranted. Conversion policies can be improved by combining several approaches such that the strength of one compensates for the weakness of another. Further research is needed in the areas of rental housing demolitions, deconversions, fire and other phenomenon which contribute to the depletion of the rental stock. If wise and informed policy decisions are to be made, the detailed accounting of annual rental housing starts and completions must include those units lost through conversions and other activities.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
16
Lack, Kathryn Joanne. "Agri-tourism development in British Columbia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24176.pdf.
Full text
17
Geertsema, Marten. "Hydrogeomorphic hazards in northern British Columbia /." Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0702/2006436745.html.
Full text
18
Wallace, Bruce Barclay. "Community dental clinics in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43434.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Oral health inequities are prevalent but little is known on how to respond. In British Columbia (B.C.) there has been a rapid expansion of local responses to the inequities as communities and dental professionals cooperate to operate community dental clinics (CDCs). The purpose of this research has been to explore how the clinics evolved and how they operate from the perspective of participants in B.C.
Methods: Three studies were conducted: #1 to understand the problems of access to dentistry using a case study that included 60 interviews with low-income people (N=41), dentists (N=6), and other healthcare or social service-providers (N=13); #2 to investigate the expansion of CDCs in B.C. by interviewing 63 people who helped to establish or operate the clinics; and #3 to study five clinics through aaggregated data from treatment, procedural, and financial data combined with explanatory information from interviews with eight staff members.
Results: I identified two models of CDCs emerging in B.C,: volunteer-charitable (VC) clinics offering free services primarily to relieve pain; and, not-for-profit (NFP) clinics operating mostly full-time within community health centres employing paid staff to provide a wide range of basic dental treatments. Not all clinics are providing equitable standards of care to underserved populations, and they all operate with major concerns about financial sustainability. The NFP model seems to improve access to underserved populations by integrating primary or basic dental services with other health care and community social services.
Conclusions: Expansion of CDCs in B.C. has been rapid to meet a growing societal concern. They all operate with some success on the principles of health-equity but with concerns for the limits of charity, the sustainability of NFP operations, and their overall limited capacity to address the level of unmet needs. However, the NFP model within the context of CDCs seems to be most effective.
19
Beck, Kirk A. "A decision making model of child abuse reporting." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/NQ48604.pdf.
Full text
20
Davis, Reed. "Modelling the effects of forest disturbances on snow accumulation and ablation in the Okanagan." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3300.
Full textAbstract:
Forest disturbances significantly affect snowmelt dominated watersheds.
Given that snowmelt from mountain regions provides up to 80% of the
annual stream
ow in the North American west, disturbances in these watersheds
will impact water availability for downstream users. This study
used eld data from stand-scale studies to represent forest disturbances in
a hydrological model in order to quantify the potential snow hydrology response
to varying spatial extent of disturbance. The sensitivity of snow accumulation
and ablation response increased with disturbance severity and
extent of disturbance. Results may provide water resource management
with a greater understanding of the potential impact on post-disturbance
snowmelt runo ff.xii, 135 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
21
Dodd, Matthew. "Arsenic speciation studies on some marine invertebrates of British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28664.
Full textAbstract:
Graphite furnace and hydride generation atomic absorption, GFAA and HGAA, techniques have been developed and applied to the determination of arsenic concentrations in some marine invertebrates, mainly bivalves and gastropods, of British Columbia. Total arsenic concentrations in bivalves vary with species, ranging from 0.6-9.1 μg g⁻¹ (wet weight basis). Arsenic concentrations in the bivalve shells show a wider range of 0.1 to 26.3 μg g⁻¹ (dry weight basis). Gastropods show relatively higher arsenic concentrations in the soft tissues, 17.3-48.4 fig μg g⁻¹, and concentrations in the shells range from 1.4 to 16.3 fig μg g⁻¹. There is no correlation between arsenic levels in the soft-tissues and shells. There is also no correlation between arsenic levels in the organisms and the surrounding sediments and sediment pore waters.
HPLC-GFAA techniques have been developed and used for the separation and quantitation of-arsenite, arsenate, methylarsonic acid, dimethylar-sinic acid, arsenobetaine, arsenocholine iodide and tetramethylarsonium iodide. This technique together with TLC, NMR, FAB and thermospray LCMS were employed for the detection of water-soluble arsenic compounds in 5 species of clams - Butter clam Saxidomus giganteus. Horse clam Schizothoerus nuttalli. Soft-shelled clam Mva arenaria. Native-littleneck clam Protothaca staminea and Manila clam Venerupis laponica. Varying amounts of arsenobetaine and tetramethylarsonium ion are found in all the clams. Butter clams show the pres ence of a third compound which appears to be trimethylarsine oxide. Small amounts of unknown arsenic containing compounds are present which are yet to be characterized
.
Arsenic speciation in 3 gastropods was also examined. The Northwest neptune Neptunea lvrata. the Thick-ribbed whelk Berinpius crebriscotata and Phoenician whelk Neptunea phoenicius all contain arsenobetaine and at least two unidentified arsenicals.Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
22
Lancaster, Jill. "Structure of arthropod communities in some saline lakes of central British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24836.
Full textAbstract:
Aquatic arthropods communities were examined with respect to factors determining species distributions and community structure in a series of eight lakes on the Chilcotin Plateau of British Columbia. Climate, altitude, physical location, water temperature and basin shape were similar for all lakes, and although size differed, no evidence was found for the influence of basin morphology on community structure. Salinity and vegetation characteristics differed widely among lakes, so three major processes were investigated: the association of (1) salinity with faunal communities, (2) salinity with floral communities, and (3) faunal with floral communities. These relationships were examined in light of diversity-stability hypotheses.
The severity component of environmental stability was represented by salinity, and mean surface water conductivity ranged from 56 to 13115 μS cm-¹ at 25 °C. Salinity variations among lakes were determined primarily by the ions Na, HCO₃, CO₃, C1 and K.
Two classification schemes (taxonomic and ecological) and several analytical techniques (community parameters and cluster analysis) indicated that the distribution and structure of faunal and floral communities were related to salinity. In total, 84 arthropod taxa and 26 macrophyte species were found and divided into three groups: those characteristic of high salinities (>5000 μS), of moderate or low salinities (<5000 μS), or tolerant of all salinities. Faunal assemblages in all lakes were dominated by filter feeders, and predators were more abundant in saline lakes. Shredders, collectors and predators were found in all the lakes, but saline lakes had fewer size groups. Floating leaved macrophytes occurred only in freshwater lakes, submerged forms were rare in highly saline lakes, and emergent forms were found in all lakes, although they were less abundant at high salinities. Generally, this study supports the hypothesis that saline habitats have less diverse communities than freshwater ones. In all floral and faunal sample sets, increased salinity was accompanied by a decrease in species richness. Virtually all measures of macrophyte community diversity and productivity were inversely correlated with salinity. Faunal subgroups must be examined separately when measures of community structure incorporate relative abundances. Patterns of association observed in the entire faunal community were dictated by the numerically dominant entomostracan subcommunity, and patterns in other subgroups were masked. Zooplankton trophic level diversity increased with decreasing salinity and changes in community composition were analogous to those of eutrophication. In both coleopteran and hemipteran communities, diversity decreased and density increased with increasing salinity. Possible causal mechanisms structuring each community are hypothesized.
Faunal distributions corresponded to their known habitat preferences in terms of macrophyte communities. It was difficult to distinguish between the influence of salinity or macrophyte communities on animal communities as animal communities were often associated with both.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
23
Hunt, Derek Edward. "Seasonal distribution of herbage growth in the south coastal region of British Columbia in relation to management of grazing livestock." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27965.
Full textAbstract:
The seasonal distribution of herbage growth has particular importance for the management of grazing animals since the major objective of most pasture utilization plans is to provide sufficient feed for continuous grazing for as great a portion of the year as possible. Providing a more even distribution of herbage production has obvious practical advantages. The main objective of this study was to examine the annual growth pattern of herbage in the South Coastal region of British Columbia as affected by cultivars, cutting management and fertilizer management, with the aim of extending herbage production in the fall and increasing herbage availability during the summer months. These investigations were conducted in plot trials at three different sites. Forage quality was also examined at two of these sites. In addition to these plot cutting trials an investigation into the accuracy of a height/density meter (disc meter) was conducted. The disc meter, and other similar non-destructive devices, have great potential as both research and farm management aids.
The first plot cutting trial was conducted at Agassiz, B.C. and examined the productivity of two orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars, Prairial and Sumas and two perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars, Barlano and Norlea under two cutting regimes (low-infrequent and high-frequent). Annual yields averaged over the three years for low-infrequent (LI) cutting showed significant (P<0.05) differences between cultivars with the following ranking: Prairial (10,644) > Sumas (9,537) > Barlano (8,448) > Norlea (6,666 kg DM/ha). Annual yields averaged over two years for high-frequent (HF) cutting also showed significant (P<0.05) differences between the cultivars with the same ranking: Prairial (9,390) > Suinas (8,625) > Barlano (7,686) > Norlea (5,953 kg DM/ha). The same ranking of cultivars in terms of annual yield was obtained in each harvest year for both LI and HF cutting treatments. Annual herbage yields over the three years of the trial showed considerable variation in response to climatic factors. Average annual yields in 1984 (10,116) and 1986 (10,237 kg DM/ha) were not significantly different (P>0.05). However, yields in 1985 (5,916 kg DM/ha) were significantly (P<0.01) lower than 1984 and 1986 due to a wet, cool spring and exceptionally dry summer. Cutting regime did not have a significant effect on annual yields. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between average annual yields under HF (7,914) and LI (8,824 kg DM/ha) cutting, nor were there any significant (P>0.05) differences in annual yields between cultivars due to cutting treatments. There was a tendency for LI cutting to produce higher yields than HF cutting for Prairial, Sumas and Barlano with the reverse being true for Norlea. Examination of productivity on a seasonal basis indicated differences in yield due to cutting regime, depending on the season. During the spring LI cutting produced greater yields than HF cutting due to the greater yields obtained from the longer regrowth period and lower cutting height (Reid and MacLusky, 1960; Bland, 1967; Anslow, 1967). However, during the dry summer months the reverse situation was observed with HF cutting producing higher yields than LI cutting. Sucli a reversal in yield is attributable to the dry conditions under which high cutting has been shown to produce more herbage than low culling (Janti and Kramer, 1956; Appadurai and Holmes, 1964). Under LI cutting orchard grass produced 34 and 46% of annual yield in the spring for 1984 and 1985 respectively and 52 and 40% of annual yield in the summer for the same two years. This distribution was changed under HF cutting with 21 and 36% of annual yield produced in the spring for 1984 and 1985 respectively and 65 and 50% of annual yield produced in the summer for the same two years. The situation was similar for perennial ryegrass. Under Ll cutting perennial ryegrass produced 53 and 58% of annual yield in the spring for 1984 and 1985 respectively and 25 and 30% in the summer for the same two years. Distribution of annual yield was more even under HF cutting with 28 and 35% of yield produced in the spring of 1984 and 1985 respectively and 63 and 50% produced in the summer of the same two years. Variation in the distribution of annual production was also evident between orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass. Both orchardgrass cultivars produced a greater portion of their yield during the summer, whereas both perennial ryegrasses produced a greater portion of yield during the spring and early summer. Growth curves were developed for each cultivar for both cutting treatments over all harvest years which indicate the variability in the seasonal distribution of annual yield attributable to climatic factors and which can be varied by cutting management and choice of cultivars.
Another trial conducted at the U.B.C. Research Farm #2, Oyster River, examined the effect of split nitrogen (N) applications on annual and seasonal yields. Under regime I a total of 100 kg N/ha was applied in April. Regimes II, III and IV involved application of a total of 300 kg N/ha at varying times over the growing season. Application of 300 kg N/ha produced significantly (P<0.05) higher annual yields (mean, 10,228) than application of 100 kg N/ha (7,706 kg DM/ha). Annual yields produced under regimes II, III and IV were not significantly (P>0.05) different (10,248, 10,245 and 10,192 kg DM/ha respectively). The seasonal distribution of yield was affected by N application regime. Regime III produced a greater portion of annual yield during August (20.1%) compared to the other three regimes (mean, 13.4%) and application of 100 kg N/ha in August produced significantly (P<0.05) higher yields for regime IV (1,104) compared to the other three regimes (mean, 426 kg DM/ha). The August N application also produced significantly (p<0.05) higher yields in the following spring for regime IV (2,774) than yields obtained for regimes II and III (mean, 1,810) and regime I (1,341 kg DM/ha). Such yield improvements in the spring could have been due to improved root reserves and/or root mass produced from the August N application.
Two other trials conducted at Abbotsford also examined cutting treatments and N application regimes. The cutting trial examined the yields produced by four cutting regimes examining: high-frequent (HF), high-infrequent (HI), low-frequent (LF) and low-infrequent (LI) cutting combinations. Annual yields were significantly (P<0.()5) lower for LF (6,721), HI (6,066) and HF (5,674) cutting regimes than the LI (8,207 kg DM/ha) regime. Low cutting (7,464) produced significantly (P<0.05) greater yields than high cutting (5,870 kg DM/ha) while there were no significant (P>0.05) differences between frequent (6,197) and infrequent cutting (7,137 kg DM/ha). Unlike the Agassiz trial, high cutting produced no yield advantage during the dry summer months due to the exceptionally dry period where growth stopped under all cutting regimes.
The Abbotsford fertilizer trial examined split N application in a similar manner to the Oyster River trial. However, due to the dry summer there was little response to applied N throughout most of the summer and thus little variation in distribution of annual yield. Regimes II, III and IV involved application of a total of 300 kg N/ha and produced significantly (P<0.05) more herbage (mean, 5,584) than the application of 0 N under regime I (3,758 kg DM/ha). Annual yields did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between regimes II, III and IV.
Results from the four cutting trials indicate that the annual and seasonal distribution of yield can be affected by management factors such as variety and cultivar selection, fertilization management and defoliation management.
Forage quality was examined at both the Agassiz and Oyster River sites. Differences in forage quality were noted as a result of year, seasonal, cultivar, fertilization and cutting treatment effects.
Investigations were also conducted to examine the use of a height/density disc meter to measure herbage yield. A significant relationship (P < 0.001) was found between herbage yield and disc height for vegetative growth but more mature growth, with stems and seed heads, yielded a poor relationship. The use and accuracy of the instrument is discussed.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
24
Adams, Ralph S. "Evapotranspiration and surface conductance for a high elevation, grass covered forest clearcut." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28882.
Full textAbstract:
Evapotranspiration from a forest clearcut was measured over two growing seasons as part of a larger study of the microclimate of forest clearcuts and microclimate modification by site preparation. Pinegrass is the dominant species on clearcuts in the dry southern interior and is the major competitor with coniferous seedlings. This paper examines the water use of a pinegrass dominated clearcut and the response of surface conductance to environmental variables.
Evapotranspiration was derived from eddy correlation measurements of sensible heat flux and measurements of net radiation and soil heat flux. 419 hours of daytime energy balance data from the summers of 1987 and 1988 were analyzed. A rearranged form of the Penman-Monteith equation was used to calculate hourly mean surface conductances for the clearcut. Leaf area measurements were used to calculate stomatal conductance from surface conductances.
Stomatal conductance was modelled using boundary-line and non-linear optimization techniques. The most successful model (R² = 0.71) was obtained using non-linear optimization
with stomatal conductance as a non-linear function of saturation deficit at the leaf surface (D₀) and solar irradiance. D₀ was calculated from measured evapotranspiration
and surface conductance. Response of stomata to saturation deficit would be expected to be better correlated to D₀ than D measured at a reference height above the canopy. Stomatal conductance was also modelled as a function of D (measured at 1.3 m) and solar irradiance. The resulting model (R² = 0.50) was poor compared to that based on D₀.
Saturation deficit and temperature were found to be highly correlated both at 1.3 m
above the canopy and at the leaf surface. Use of air temperature in the conductance model caused R² to decrease. No relationship between stomatal conductance and volumetric soil water content was found.
Hourly evapotranspiration rates calculated using modelled surface conductances agreed well with measured rates.(R² = 0.89).
Evapotranspiration was also modelled using the Priestley-Taylor approach. The mean hourly a for all daylight data was found to be 0.81. This simple model was found to give comparable results to the stomatal conductance based model (R² = 0.85).Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
25
Jagpal, Sarjeet Singh. "An oral history of the Sikhs in British Columbia, 1920-1947." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31522.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis recognizes the value of using a variety of perspectives to study the history of an ethnic minority group. The history of some groups is lacking in insider perspectives. I have attempted to add balance to the existing accounts by using an oral history approach to describe the experiences of the Sikhs living in British Columbia from 1920-1947.
I am an insider, a Sikh whose grandfather was one of the original pioneers who came in the first wave of immigration in the 1904-1908 time period. These people are no longer with us, but some of their wives and children are still available to share their history with future generations. I interviewed and recorded 24 individual histories. From these I have formed a composite picture of the Sikh community in British Columbia from 1920-1947.
Beginning with descriptions of social, political and cultural conditions in India and Canada at the time of arrival, we follow them through the important stages of their lives in their adopted land. They describe the journey over, settling in, adaptations, work, social life, the fight for rights, and the role of their temple and religion. We see the events and circumstances that eventually led to the Sikhs being able to call Canada their home. The many photographs, letters and documents give further insights into the lives of this distinctive group of Canadians.Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate
26
Taylor, Barbara Elan. "Mussel culture in British Columbia : the influence of salmon farms on mussel growth and biochemical composition." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28953.
Full textAbstract:
To realise the potential for mussel culture in British Columbia, mariculture research must identify specific environments and suitable locations which promote maximum growth in mussels. The present study investigates the possible advantages, through nutritional enrichment, of salmon farms as sites for mussel culture.
Mussels were cultured at different distances around two salmon farms on the east coast of Vancouver Island (Departure Bay and Genoa Bay). Three parameters of mussel growth: condition index, carbohydrate content, and crude protein content were monitored at 3-6 wk intervals from September 1988 to August 1989. Distinct seasonal differences in growth were observed, but distance from the farm did not substantially influence mussel growth. Adult mortality and larval settlement were similarly unaffected.
Contrary to prediction, the farms did not increase available food for mussels. Measures of seston and chlorophyll concentration, made concurrently with the mussel collections, indicated that neither a direct contribution of nutrients in the form of feed and fish faeces, nor an indirect contribution of waste ammonia to augment phytoplankton production, occurred. This was despite currents flowing, at least part of the time, in such a direction as to transport potential nutrients from the farms to the mussels.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
27
Farnden, Rosan. "Knowledge of marriage and family concepts and perceived competence of marriage educators conducting marriage preparation in two Protestant denominations in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29683.
Full textAbstract:
Marriage is perhaps the most popular voluntary institution in Canadian society. Fifty-six percent of British Columbians choose to be married in a Christian church. Most of these couples will find that they are required to participate in a marriage preparation program. Little is known about these marriage preparation opportunites, or about the individuals who provide these opportunites. Recent studies (Bader, Riddle & Sinclair, 1981; Ridley, Avery, Harrell, Leslie & Dent, 1982) have begun to demonstrate the effectiveness of the field of marriage preparation, but no studies examine the qualifications of educators. This study had two objectives: 1) to measure the knowledge of marriage and family concepts of marriage educators providing marriage preparation and 2) to re-test Wright's (1976) finding that clergy do not perceive themselves to be competent providers of marriage preparation. A random sample of 25% of Anglican Church in Canada and United Church of Canada congregations in British Columbia (n=117) resulted in 62 marriage educators responding to this study. This represents a response rate of 57.7%. The respondents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire which allowed for the collection of demographic information about the congregations and respondents as well as the measurement of the dependent variable perceived competence, six independent variables and four control variables. As no instruments to measure knowledge of marriage and family concepts were available, a measure was developed for this study and is known as the Knowledge of Marriage and Family Concepts Instrument (KMFC). Respondents were found to have moderate scores on KMFC and perceived themselves to be reasonably competent providers of marriage preparation. No significant results were found for the relationships between either of the dependent variables and the independent variables. Post hoc analysis determined significant relationships between knowledge of marriage and family concepts and gender, and between perceived competence and total number of hours spent in marriage preparation. This study implies that clergy need increased training in content areas relevant to marriage preparation. Further research studies are suggested.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
28
Yeomans, Martin Gregory. "Some dimensions of a planning problem : residential-agricultural land use conflict in metropolitan rural-urban fringe areas." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26945.
Full textAbstract:
Residential-agricultural land use conflict in the rural-urban fringe of metropolitan areas is commonly mentioned as a planning problem. The initial intent of this research was to correlate types of conflict and local planning responses in order to identify effective approaches to the management of such problems.
The anticipated method would have combined theory which addresses the cause and characteristics of residential-agricultural conflict along with data from Vancouver suburbs having substantial agricultural activity and planning departments respected for their professional qualities. However, the investigation showed that the academic literature and the accessible data would not support such research. On the other hand, consultations with local planners and a review of available documentation in the municipalities of Richmond, Delta and Surrey, British Columbia, showed that residential-agricultural land use conflict is treated as a planning problem and is a source of complaints to municipal officials.
Three kinds of conclusions resulted from this research. The first and second are appropriate to the underdeveloped state of the academic literature, while the first and third relate to professional practice in the absence of applicable scientific knowledge. The first is a description of the characteristics which are perceived as constituting a planning problem and a governmental response.
Secondly, there are recommendations for development of data to support future research. Municipal governments in the three communities have no comprehensive monitoring system or set of cross-referenced records of complaints associated with land use conflicts. Instead, conflicts are received, identified and acted on by a variety of departments in the local government. From the descriptive material a tentative typology is offered to guide data collection and classification.
Thirdly, there are suggestions which may be useful to planners who must rely on non-systematic methods to identify conflict situations appropriate for a planning response and to develop that response. The summaries of problems and responses reported are used to develop a tentative critique of present conceptualizations of appropriate planning measures. It is observed that planners have used only a few of the possible responses to rural-urban conflict. In particular, it is clear that for a wide range of conflict types there has been a reliance on land buffers to separate potentially conflicting activities. Alternative and supplementary approaches which may improve the management of typical conflict situations are suggested. These approaches focus on preventing the development of conflict through increasing the mutual understanding of the conflicting parties' points-of-view. Examples include public involvement in problem identification and resolution, as well as programs to facilitate communication between the government, farmers and non-farm residents.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
29
Jull, Michael James. "Long-term stand dynamics in high-elevation Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir forests." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28992.
Full textAbstract:
For the high-elevation Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir (ESSF) biogeoclimatic zone of southwestern British Columbia, there is little empirical data on the long-term dynamics of subalpine spruce-fir stands. A lack of a long-term perspective on the growth and development of stands in the ESSF zone hinders both ecological research and silvicultural planning in the ESSF forest.
A broadly-focussed pilot study on long-term Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir stand dynamics in the ESSF zone was designed to begin to address this deficiency. This study used two methodological approaches to gain insights into long-term stand dynamics:
1) a retrospective approach to examine historical patterns of:
i) postfire conifer regeneration,
ii) post-establishment stand structure development, and;
iii) basal area production and accumulation in ESSF spruce-fir forests, and;
2) A chronosequence approach to examine overall stand basal area development over a 575-year chronosequence, which is not amenable to detailed retrospective examination. In order to reconstruct the patterns of postfire regeneration and subsequent stand development, measurements of tree age, diameter, radial increment, and height were collected in 8 mesic, 45- to 110-year-old fire-origin stands of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry. ex Engel.) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) in the ESSFwm and ESSFdc2 biogeoclimatic subzones of the North Cascades mountains. The results of the stand reconstruction were also used to aid in the interpretation of the chronosequence, which was based on basal area and age data from both the retrospective study sites, and the published literature.
Based on the graphical analysis and discussion of the data collected in this pilot study, the following features of long-term stand development were noted in subalpine Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir stands:
1) Postfire conifer re-establishment on these burned ESSF sites was slow and erratic; the re-establishment period was 30 to 50 or more years in duration;
2) There appeared to be no consistent or predictable postfire patterns of conifer establishment on the various sites, either over time, or on a site-to site basis;
3) During postfire regeneration and immature stand development, there appeared to be no consistent differences between Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir, either in terms of i) postfire regeneration
establishment, or ii) height development;
4) Fire-origin spruce-fir stands in the ESSF zone rapidly develop a complex stand structure, possibly due to the gradual and prolonged patterns of regeneration ingress on these sites;
5) Trees which have initial advantages in height or other competitive advantages over other trees on the site during the establishment phase tend to retain dominant crown positions in the stand at much later stages of development;
6) The relationship of periodic basal area increment (b.a.i.) to initial basal area stocking in immature spruce-fir stands suggests that stand increment is optimized above a critical stand density;
7) The initial basal area level necessary to optimize b.a.i. appears to increase with stand age; and
8) Apparent trends from a 575-year chronosequence of Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir stand development suggests that stand basal area tends to peak, on average, between the ages of 70 and 150 years of age. Subsequently, basal area tends to gradually decline and eventually stabilize between the ages of 300 to 400 years of age.
Based on these results, preliminary recommendations were proposed for the long-term silvicultural management of ESSF spruce-fir forest types. Also, the research priorities necessary for building on the results of this pilot study were identified.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
30
Griggs, Julian Roger. "Developing cooperative management systems for common property resources : resolving cross-cultural conflict in a west coast fishery." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29032.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional approaches to resource management frequently invest authority in the hands of a technical management agency, with the result that the roles of manager and user are often cast in opposition as guardian and villain respectively. This thesis addresses cross-cultural contexts where this problem is exacerbated by the difficulties of communication and where management efforts are often frustrated by conflict. The objectives of the thesis are (i) to analyse the relationship between systems of property rights and systems of resource management, and (ii) to assess the potential for traditional communal property systems to provide a foundation for the cooperative management of local renewable resources held in common.
Preliminary chapters set out the theoretical context for this work, tracing the linkage between conventional approaches to resource management and the prevailing western understanding of common property, particularly Hardin's (1968) 'tragedy paradigm'. An analysis of the theoretical challenges to this line of thinking leads to the identification of an alternative, cooperative approach to resource management that builds oh a refined definition of common property and which draws on empirical examples of traditional management systems from around the world.
A case-study of the clam fishery on the West coast of Vancouver Island is introduced as an illustrative example of a resource management conflict in a complex setting, beset by a number of problems including a chronic lack of communication and pervasive uncertainty. Using Rein and Schön's concept of 'frames', the dispute is defined in terms of the conflicting perceptions of the many stakeholder groups and from this viewpoint, the present conflict is shown to reflect the characteristic weaknesses of the conventional approach.
A solution to this conflict is sought through the the adaptation of the traditional resource use system of the aboriginal inhabitants of the area. By adapting the key characteristics of the traditional system to match the more complex demands of the many stakeholder groups, a set of founding principles is established and a skeleton framework for cooperative management is proposed. It is concluded that the conflict would best be resolved through a process of mediated
negotiation that seeks to reduce frame conflict and encourage the growth of cooperation. A number of recommendations are offered that suggest how this process might evolve.
On the basis of the findings of the case study, it is concluded that traditional communal property systems can provide a sound foundation for the cooperative management of common property resources but that on the West coast, a number of substantive changes must first come about. In particular there is a need to develop amongst the stakeholder groups a more refined definition of common property and a more refined understanding of its linkage to management systems. There is also an urgent need to close the widening gap between the rapidly changing legal realities of Native rights and the outstanding aboriginal land question on the one hand, and the political and social reality in which many of the stakeholders operate on the other.
Finally, it is concluded that cooperative management systems of this type may well be appropriate in many similar resource management and international development contexts but that one principal barrier remains. If western society is unable to overcome the cultural inertia that prevents us from seeing beyond a simple choice of the strictly traditional on the one hand, or the strictly modern on the other, such promising opportunities will be lost. It is argued that this 'traditional/modern' dichotomy must be overcome if more creative and innovative approaches to the management of local renewable resources are to come to fruition.Science, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate
31
Campbell, Morgan Brand. "An investigation of the current British Columbian eductional policy regarding single male Central American refugee claimants, and the effect, if any, on their social and economic well being." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30420.
Full textAbstract:
Refugees are on welfare and get into difficulty because the Federal Immigration policy does not give them work permits and Povincial Education policy does not provide English as a second language.Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate
32
Wright, David Stuart. "Factors influencing the location of practice of residents and interns in British Columbia : implications for policy making." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25051.
Full textAbstract:
Up to the middle of the 1970's most government policies dealing with physician manpower dealt with the problems of increasing the supply of physicians, rather than changing the geographic disparity of physicians between urban and rural areas. In 1983 the British Columbia government introduced legislation (passed in a modified form in 1985) that would restrict certain groups of physicians from obtaining Medical Service Plan billing numbers in certain areas of the province, in an attempt to change the geographic distribution of physicians in this province. Regulation is only one of a number of approaches to altering the distribution of physicians. The purpose of this study is to attempt to recommend other approaches that could be used to alter the geographic distribution of physicians, based on the factors which the residents and interns of British Columbia would consider necessary before they will establish practices in the rural areas of the province.
The literature was examined to determine the present supply and distribution of physicians in the province of British Columbia. It was shown that the metropolitan areas had much higher concentrations of physicians than did the non-metropolitan regions. The literature was then searched to determine what types of policies had been used in an effort to change this geographic disparity and also to determine what factors influence physicians to locate their practices where they do. From this research a questionnaire was developed and mailed to all residents and interns registered in the University of British Columbia medical program in the academic year 1984-85. A response rate of 31.8% was obtained in this survey. It was found that many physicians were raised in large communities and planned to locate their practices in similar geographic areas to where they were raised. It was also found that the factors which the residents and interns considered to be the most important fell into the "Fixed Determinant" category, that is factors that are personal preferences of the physician. This makes it very difficult to formulate any type of non-regulatory policy to affect the geographic distribution of physicians in British ColumbiaMedicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
33
David, Clive Addison. "Post-harvest floor changes and nitrogen mobilization in an Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir forest." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26986.
Full textAbstract:
Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir [Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.-Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.] (ESSF) forests occupy large portions of western North America, and of British Columbia (B.C.) in particular. These areas represent a harsh environment for plant growth. The ESSF forests of B.C. have presented serious problems of regeneration following harvesting; several factors stimulated speculation as to whether N supply limitations were involved. This study was intended to highlight the post-harvest N dynamics of an ESSF forest, and the implications of the latter for silvicultural practices. Its general objectives included characterization of the post-harvest assart effect, and investigation of the N status and growth of advance regeneration. These were achieved by means of a comparative study of an age sequence of harvested sites.
The assart effect lasted for at least eight years after harvesting, with a peak of change between years three and six. There were no major physical changes in the forest floor. Low C/N ratios between 19 and 32 were believed to have contributed to increased N availability. ESSF forests may have a generally higher level of N availability than previously supposed. The advance regeneration benefited from the assart effect. Nutrient uptake appeared to increase generally from at least three years after harvesting; increases of up to 78% were noted for N. There appeared to be no general macronutrient or micronutrient limitation to growth. However, evidence of S deficiencies was encountered in some trees. Moreover, the critical levels used for N may be in need of revision. A revised critical level of 1.40% for foliar N concentrations is proposed for subalpine fir advance regeneration. If this is accurate, regeneration may have been at least temporarily N-limited from year eight after harvesting. A more rigorous investigation of these possibilities is needed.
The cutting method applied to the sites approximated a one-cut shelterwood method. The method as encountered in this study should not be considered a viable silvicultural option for similar ESSF forests. Its successful application would involve some degree of forest floor manipulation to improve seedbed conditions and soil microclimatic regimes. The findings of this study demonstrate that the environmental and biological characteristics of ESSF forests make high levels of planning and care a prerequisite for the success of silvicultural
practices. The question of what comprises realistic growth and yield expectations of second-rotation stands in the ESSF zone needs to be addressed urgently.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
34
Barlee, Kathleen. "Cooperative total archives for Kelowna, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25709.
Full textAbstract:
Major -factors in the underdevelopment of local archives in the municipality of Kelowna, British Columbia, have been a lack of public and administrative awareness of the value of archival institutions and archival documents, a lack of local political interest in the subject of archives, a lack of federal, provincial and local aid or legislation to facilitate local archival development, and thus, a lack of funding at the community level for archives. There has also been a need for direction from the provincial government in planning effective records management/archival systems for Kelowna, as well as for most other municipalities in British Columbia. To come to a decision on how to overcome these problems it has been necessary to study perspectives on local archives, to analyze the records management/archival relationship, and to be knowledgeable of problems facing local archives in British Columbia.
An interdisciplinary approach has been taken, with literature and primary sources from the archival, museum, library, historical, political science and records management fields being studied. In the archives domain, two major studies, the Symons and the Wilson reports, with their emphasis on federal, provincial and local networking, formed an excellent basis for further investigation. Where they were available, statistics concerning local archives in British Columbia have proven most helpful, as have provincial government reports. The above have been supplemented by letters and questionnaires to provincial and territorial archives, as well as to local municipalities in British Columbia.
Two conclusions have been reached. First, "total archives" that collect both official and unofficial documents in all media, and use systematic records management procedures have become a, Canadian public archives tradition which has the potential to prove a valuable example for smaller municipalities. Secondly, in order to achieve economies of scale, private and public agencies may have to cooperate in joint funding efforts at the local level. By combining public and private endeavours, a new type of archives is created. It is posited that this amalgam, a "cooperative total archives," could become the basis for archival development in the municipality of Kelowna, British Columbia.Arts, Faculty of
Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of
Graduate
35
Baumann, Thomas Ernst. "Season extension for strawberries in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28892.
Full textAbstract:
The Pacific Northwest is recognized for producing high quality strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Unfortunately, these are produced over an extremely short season of no more than 4 weeks. This situation is ideal for the processing market but not the fresh market where an extended season is essential. However, the recently introduced production systems together with the introduction of the day neutral cultivars have the potential to extend the season. The purpose of the present investigations was to examine these systems and the various day neutral cultivars in southwestern British Columbia.
The production systems investigated were the waiting bed and the raised hill row. Both systems involve traditional June-bearing (short day) cultivars planted sequentially, resulting in a harvest season of at least 10 weeks. Among the cultivars tested in the waiting bed system, ‘Rainier’ was the most promising and 'Hood' the least; 'Totem' and ‘Shuksan’ gave intermediate responses. In the hill row 'Rainier' was again the most promising. However, in the second year of both systems, when production occurs in the traditional 4 week time period, 'Totem' was the most promising. Comparing the 2 systems, hill rows were more profitable than waiting beds.
Day neutral cultivars begin flowering approximately one month after planting, and fruiting occurs from June or early July until October. In these investigations, they were grown at various spacings on raised beds, covered with black plastic mulch and trickle irrigated. The most promising cultivars tested were 'Selva' and 'Tribute' and the most promising spacing was 30 cm.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
36
Rothstein, Harley Steven. "Alternative schools in British Columbia, 1960-1975." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/NQ46410.pdf.
Full text
37
Smith, Charleen P. "Regulating prostitution in British Columbia, 1895-1930." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65055.pdf.
Full text
38
Smith, Charleen P. "Regulating prostitution in British Columbia, 1895-1930." Ottawa : Library and Archives Canada, 2002. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65055.pdf.
Full text
39
Kimball, Sarah. "Favourability map of British Columbia geothermal resources." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29490.
Full textAbstract:
British Columbia’s internal demand for power and demand from export operations is increasing the need for power generation in the province. Moreover, the transition to a low carbon economy stipulates that power supply must be from renewable and low emission sources. Geothermal energy offers significant benefits to British Columbia which hosts Canada’s best geothermal resources associated with the Pacific Ring of Fire along the Coast Mountain Range.
The objective of this work was to visualize and compare the spatial distribution of geothermal resources, transmission infrastructure, and power markets in BC. Using ArcGIS, these factors were combined into a map identifying the most favourable regions for geothermal development in the province. Multi-criteria evaluation of 10 evidence layers was completed in a knowledge-driven model. Publicly available data for temperature gradient, heat flow, volcanic centers, geothermometry, hot springs, geology, faults, and earthquake indicators comprised the resource factor map. Evidence layers in the market and infrastructure factor map included: distance to transmission, regional pricing, and population density. Evidence layers were assigned weights based on a judgment of their importance to geothermal favourability using the Analytical Hierarchy Process.
The favourability map builds on the 1992 Geothermal Resources Map of British Columbia by incorporating new data, and applying spatial buffers based on studies from producing geothermal fields from around the world. The research has demonstrated how economic and infrastructure factors can be integrated into the evaluation of a region’s geothermal resources.
40
Klinka, Karel, and Christine Chourmouzis. "The mountain hemlock zone of British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/761.
Full textAbstract:
This pamphlet provides a summary of a fuller report also issued under the title: The mountain hemlock zone of British Columbia. It describes both forested and non-forested ecosystems of the Mountain Hemlock (MH) zone of British Columbia (also referred to as the subalpine MH zone, coastal subalpine forest, or coastal mountain hemlock forest). It covers classification, reviews of vegetation regions and environmental relationships, as well as silvicultural and resource management implications.
41
Butler, David Buchanan. "Spatial scales of geomagnetically induced currents in B.C. Hydro's power transmission system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28926.
Full textAbstract:
Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC's) in B. C. Hydro's 500 kV transmission
system have in the past been responsible for the generation of harmonics of 60 Hz, system voltage drops, and misoperation of relay units. Characterization of the associated magnetic storms' spatial scales would further the understanding of GIC generation in the area, and allow advanced warning of potential problems in future power transmission projects.
Data collected in 1984 at four substations were analysed to determine lateral variations in geomagnetically induced earth surface electric fields. Inversion techniques were employed to find a variety of solutions that would reproduce the data.
Results suggested that the magnetic storms were larger than the area monitored,
and that resultant electric fields seen by a large portion of the transmission grid were uniform. Departures from this uniformity in other portions of the electric
field models were felt either to be due to earth induction effects, or in some cases, to be artifacts of the data analysis techniques.
An experiment designed to determine the controlling factors behind GIC's is outlined. Considerable effort would be required to explicitly determine all electric fields affecting the transmission systemScience, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
42
Reich, Richard William. "Causes of dieback of Douglas-fir in the interior of B.C." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29780.
Full textAbstract:
Frost damage to sapling size plantation Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco.] in the central interior of B.C. was identified as the major cause of dieback and canker through tree dissections. Prominent frost rings in the wood and frost damage to buds and shoots corresponded to the dates of dieback initiation and canker events throughout the history of the plantations. Frost rings and frost cankers were reproducible using an artificial freezing technique. Symptomatic frost-damaged buds and elongating shoots were described for Douglas-fir, white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] and subalpine fir [Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.]. The effect of growing season frost was most noticeable on early flushing trees.
Frost and dieback damage was most severe on concave and flat landforms, which are conducive to cold air pooling on nights with strong radiative cooling.
Several pathogens isolated from recently killed stems were identified from fruiting bodies and culture. Leucocytospora kunzei (Sacc.) Urban was the pathogen most commonly isolated from the edge of expanding cankers and progressive dieback margins. Sclerophoma semenospora Funk was commonly found fruiting on dead stems and leaders killed by frost or by mechanical means.
Cinara pseudotaxifoliae Wilson feeding caused latent cankers on one year old leaders of Douglas-fir, which are thought to be activated by frost.
Boron levels of both healthy and severely affected trees were in the intermediate range, and were not considered to play an important role in frost or pathogen susceptibility for Douglas-fir in the interior.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
43
Hernandez, Patricia. "Understanding the lifeworlds of three Central American refugees in Vancouver, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26838.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of "opportunity" as expressed in the experiences of three recent refugee youth from Central America (Guatemala and El Salvador). The setting of the study was MOSAIC'S Youth Job Corps programme in Vancouver, Canada. This four-month voluntary programme was designed to give immigrant Canadian youth language skills to facilitate their entry into the work force.
Data for the study were obtained through a twenty-week field study at the Job Corps site followed by the construction of three case studies based upon a series of interviews. Among the findings of the study were the following: the three refugees used a notion of opportunity as the overriding theme in defining their situation in Canada. This theme contained two aspects. First, the "what" of opportunity was future-oriented and contained a social dimension of "wanting to become someone," a material dimension concerned with "wanting to have things," and a familial dimension of "wanting to maintain the family unit." Second, the "how" of opportunity referred to the way the three refugees defined opportunity in terms of their past experiences, their initial difficulties since coming to Canada, the support networks available to them in Canada, their perception of the lives of other immigrants, and finally, the age factor. There was a strong awareness among the refugees studied that their attainment of personal goals (the "what" of opportunity) was dependent on acquiring fluency in the English language and in their finding secure employment with career mobility. The study also found that many of the refugees' future aspirations were related to their own past experiences in their countries of origin.Education, Faculty of
Graduate
44
Myles, David. "Teacher bias towards visible ethnic groups in special education referrals." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26889.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has demonstrated that students from some visible ethnic minority groups may be discriminated against by teachers and policies of many school systems. This research has reviewed evidence indicating how Black, Mexican-American and Native Indian students are accorded differential treatment by teachers. Some of the research has shown how students from some cultural minority groups are at greater risk of being inappropriately referred or placed in special classes. This form of ethnic discrimination can be harmful to those cultural minority children who are removed from the regular class setting. This problem has not been adequately researched in Canada.
Through the use of a researcher designed questionnaire, this thesis has reviewed teacher bias toward visible ethnic minority groups in special education referrals. The questionnaire consisted of nine questions regarding respondent characteristics, a fictitious case history of a grade five male student described as having some academic and behaviour problems, and nine response items regarding educational placement. The questionnaires were identical except for the brief reference to the ethnicity of the child described in the case study. The child was described as either Native Indian, Oriental, East Indian or Caucasian. A Likert-type scale was used for the subjects to rate agreement or disagreement to the nine items.
Questionnaires were sent to 591 Vancouver public elementary school teachers within 29 randomly selected elementary schools. Questionnaires were returned from 396 subjects. Some questionnaires were returned blank or incomplete, therefore, data analysis was performed on the responses of 347 subjects (58.54% of all the teachers who received the questionnaires). This sample represented about 20% of the population of Vancouver public elementary school teachers.
The results provided evidence of teacher discrimination against the child described as Native Indian. In addition, a positive bias was observed in the teacher responses for the Caucasian child and especially for the Oriental child. The teacher's responses to the questionnaire items revealed that the child described as Native Indian tended to be rated as being more suitable for placement in a special class for behaviourally disordered, would not be as likely to graduate from high school and had parents who would not be as cooperative.
Female teachers were more likely to refer the child to a class for behaviourally disordered children and less likely to expect cooperation from the child's parents, than male teachers. Teachers who taught for 21 years or longer were more likely to consider the child in the case study as being a detriment to the education of the other children. Teachers who spoke English as second language were more likely to refer the child to a class for slow learners and expect greater cooperation from the child's parents, than teachers who spoke English as their first language. In addition, Special education teachers, teachers more familiar with special education programs and teachers who had university credits in special education, rated the children in a significantly more optimistic manner than regular teachers.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
45
Bull, Gary. "A feasibility study for the management of recreation and other selected non-timber resources on private industrial forest lands in coastal British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29746.
Full textAbstract:
Industrial private forest landowners in British Columbia have traditionally viewed their forest lands as a raw material supply for their wood processing facilities. However, they are now experiencing social and political changes which are restricting the way their forests are managed. These changes have enormous implications for large forestry firms, such as Canadian Pacific Forest Products. A portion of their lands, the focus of this study, has been examined to assess the impact of these restrictions on traditional land use. In addition, non-timber values have been examined for their revenue generating potential.
A study area was delineated near the community of Sooke, B.C. Fishing, hunting, deer farming and camping were assessed. In order to complete the analysis, the costs in terms of foregone timber values, were calculated under a number of different assumptions. The impact of changes in bare land values on decisions with respect to the non-timber values were also examined.
A number of policy changes, both by the landowner and the various levels of government involved, are required to promote forestry with a renewed emphasis on recreation. Initiating these changes is the next stage in the preparation of a recreation management plan for the area under study in this thesis.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
46
Perry, Karen Anne. "The chemical limnology of two meromictic lakes with emphasis on pyrite formation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31125.
Full textAbstract:
Powell and Sakinaw Lakes are stably stratified ex-fjords, which became isolated from the Strait of Georgia approximately 11000 years ago by emerged sills due to postglacial
isostatic rebound. Although both lakes contain highly sulphidic relict seawater (Powell 3.0 mM; Sakinaw 5.5 mM), they have distinct chemical differences, which may be due to Sakinaw receiving occasional inputs of seawater over the barely-emerged sill when strong onshore winds are coincident with spring tides. Powell Lake, now 50 m above sea level, has not received additional seawater since the sill originally emerged. Sakinaw has a very sharp chemocline located just below the oxic/anoxic interface, whereas in Powell, the interface is spread out over 200 m of the water column. Although both lakes have freshened, the ratios of major ion concentrations relative to chloride in the bottom saline waters are similar to those of present-day seawater. There are some differences, however, and these can be explained, in part, by the difference in molecular diffusivities for each of the ions.
The bottom waters of Powell and Sakinaw Lakes are chemically similar to anoxic sediment porewaters. containing high concentrations of nutrients, DOC and alkalinity. Unlike Sakinaw, however, Powell Lake has very low concentrations of phosphate in its bottom waters, in spite of both lakes having similar particulate organic N:P ratios in their upper oxic waters. This may be attributable to more recent addition of sulphate to Sakinaw, allowing greater mineralization of phosphorus compared to the relatively oxidant-starved Powell Lake.
High concentrations of reduced iron, hydrogen sulphide, and polysulphides result in formation of iron monosulphides and pyrite in the anoxic water columns of both lakes. The presence of these two minerals correlates well with their calculated saturation states. Pyrite precipitates directly with no monosulphide precursor at depths where sulphide concentrations are low; thus monosulphide phases are undersaturated. As sulphide levels increase with depth, iron monosulphides become saturated and are detected in the water column. Pyrite can then form via the slower reaction of elemental sulphur with monosulphide. The large separation of the oxic/anoxic interface and the chemocline in Sakinaw (∼10 m) and especially in Powell Lake (∼100 m) relative to that of sediment pore waters allows excellent resolution of these processes.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
47
Chung, Janet Lai Chun. "Are the homeless hopeless? : an exploration of the policy implications of different definitions of homelessness." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31231.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores why the commonly used broad definition of homelessness endorsed by many analysts and academics in the contemporary literature is not useful in devising effective housing policy to alleviate the most urgent needs of those who are without safe, healthy, permanent and affordable shelter. The broad definition views homelessness as the absence of permanent home over which inhabitants have personal control and which provides shelter, privacy, security at an affordable cost together with ready access to social, economic and cultural public services. It is often contrasted with a narrow definition of homelessness. While the narrow definition only focus on the needs of the absolute homeless (i.e., people without a roof over their head), the broad definition employs a comprehensive perspective to take into consideration the needs of the at risk homeless (i.e., people who are at the risk of losing their home) as well.
Housing analysts who endorse the broad definition of homelessness believe that by framing the issue in its wider context they may be able to induce public policy change to tackle homelessness broadly in the public agenda. However, contrary to this well-intended motive, this study finds that the broad definition may actually hinder policy decision making to respond effectively and efficiently to those who are most in need. It does so for five reasons: 1) its broadness is inconsistent with the ideological and political realities in a homeownership dominant housing system; 2) it contains an inadequately formulated category of "at risk homeless" which ignores or dismisses the housing difficulties (e.g., affordability, suitability and adequacy) of the at risk homeowners; 3) it fails to establish precise
boundaries of the broadly defined homeless population mainly due to technical and political ramifications; 4) it is weak in coalescing inter-agency, community and individual support and advocacy; and 5) the broader the definition the bigger the social problem and the more the public resources required to address the issue broadly which in turn undermines the concept's utility in generating welfare consensus to mobilize resources in assisting the weakest members in the community.
In order to redirect housing policy decision making to be responsive to the neediest, this thesis proposes that: 1) the potential utility of Housing Dimension of Homelessness must be distinguished from the "general" broad conception of homelessness so that policy specific focus can be given to each individual dimension of homelessness to facilitate immediate actions and solutions to aid each target group (e.g., housing dimension of homelessness focuses mainly on housing aspect of homelessness therefore the concept has the highest utility for investigating housing problems and formulating housing solutions for people with severe basic shelter need. The general broad view of homelessness focuses on all contributing factors of homelessness equally therefore the concept has the highest utility in investigating broader social issues such as social inequality); 2) homeless should be recategorized into five subgroups: at risk renters, at risk homeowners, street homeless, shelter homeless and by-choice homeless in order to increase the concepts' utility for prioritizing needs and allocating public resources to aid the neediest; and 3) policies and programs for the homeless must be targeted at "shelter homeless" and "street homeless" instead of "homeless" as a general broad category to ascertain that the most vulnerable members in the community will receive the highest priority assistance in Canada's housing system.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
48
Raymond, Colette. "Statin utilization in British Columbia." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/20405.
Full text
49
Azad, Pamela Ann. "Hospital governance in British Columbia." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7184.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined hospital governance in British Columbia. Considered to be one of
the most important issues facing the health care industry today, hospital governance is
nevertheless an ill-defined and poorly understood concept. Foundational and exploratory
in nature, the study’s primary objectives were: a) to define hospital governance within the
context of British Columbia; b) to examine the structural and functional relationships
among key participants; c) to investigate decision-making responsibilities; d) to investigate
what, if any, variations exist in the governance of acute care, long term care, and
specialized care hospitals; and e) to explore the critical issues which face hospital
governance today and in the future under New Directions policy initiatives.
All hospitals (N=107) in the province were studied, with the exception of diagnostic
treatment centers, private for-profit facilities, military, and federal institutions. Utilizing
documentary examination, survey administration, and interview techniques, the study
included hospital chief executive officers (N=106), hospital board members (N=735),
hospital board chairs (N=106), and selected high ranking senior officials from the Ministry
of Health who had direct responsibility for hospital activities (N=15).
Results of the study provide for in-depth demographic board profiles, and show that
hospital governance is similarly defined across all hospital categories as “a complex
relationship of overlapping structures and activities which has the responsibility and the
authority to oversee the organization’s operation and to ensure its commitment of
providing optimum health care to its residents.” The study identifies the key participants of
hospital governance and delineates sixteen activities considered to be under the hospital
board’s domain. Seven issues are identified as being critical for hospital governance in the
future. Although there was general agreement as to the individuals most often responsible
for recommending and implementing activities brought before the board, there were
considerable perceptual differences between participants as to who possesses final
decision-making responsibility. Data results consistently demonstrated important
differences in responses between the hospital and Ministry populations.
The study shows that overall, the participants of hospital governance are generally
satisfied with the traditional roles and structures of hospital boards and are
overwhelmingly dissatisfied with New Directions policy initiatives. This study further
suggests that due to the discrepancies in priorities, perceptions, and ideologies of the
hospital and Ministry populations, hospital governance is in a highly volatile and transitive
state.
50
Govindarajulu, Purnima. "Introduced bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) in British Columbia : impacts on native Pacific treefrogs (Hyla regilla) and red-legged frogs (Rana aurora)." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/631.
Full text