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Weaver, Caroline Louise. "Colonialism, culture and visual education in British India, 1854-1891." Thesis, Online version, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.267749.
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Barnsley, Veronica. "Reading the child between the British Raj and the Indian Nation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reading-the-child-between-the-british-raj-and-the-indian-nation(091c7e1d-6ee3-4e28-bd67-61932ff44976).html.
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We all claim to ‘know’, in some manner, what a child is and what the term ‘child’ means. As adults we designate how and when children should develop and decide what is ‘good’ for them. Worries that childhood is ‘disappearing’ in the global North but not ‘developing’ sufficiently in the South propel broader discussions about what ‘normal’ development, individual and national, local and global, should mean. The child is also associated across artistic and cultural forms with innocence, immediacy, and simplicity: in short with our modern sense of ‘interiority’, as Carolyn Steedman has shown. The child is a figure of the self and the future that also connotes what is prior to ‘civilised’ society: the animal, the ‘primitive’ or simply the unknown. The child is, according to Jacqueline Rose, the means by which we work out our relationship to language and to the world and, as Chris Jenks expresses it, ‘the very index of civilization’. In this study I begin with the question that Karin Lesnik-Oberstein asks: ‘why is the child so often portrayed as ‘discovered’, rather than “invented” or “constructed”?’. I am concerned with how the child is implicated as ‘knowable’ and with asking what we may lose or gain by applying paradigms of childhood innocence or development to the nation as it is imagined in British and Indian literature at the ‘zenith’ of the British Raj. In order to unpick the knot of factors that link the child to the nation I combine cultural constructivist approaches to the child with the resources of postcolonial theory as it has addressed subalternity, hybridity and what Elleke Boehmer calls ‘nation narratives’. In the period that I concentrate on, the 1880s-1930s, British and Indian discourses rely upon the child as both an anchor and a jumping off point for narratives of self and nation, as displayed in the versatile and varied children and childhoods in the writers that I focus on: Rudyard Kipling, Flora Annie Steel and Mulk Raj Anand. Chapter 1 begins with what have been called sentimental portrayals of the child in Kipling’s early work before critiquing the notion that his ‘imperial boys’, Mowgli and Kim, are brokers of inter-cultural compromise that anticipate a postcolonial concern with hybridity. I argue that these boys figure colonial relations as complicated and compelling but are caught in a static spectacle of empire in which growing up is not a possibility. Chapter 2 turns to the work of Flora Annie Steel, a celebrated author in her time and, I argue, an impressive negotiator between the positions of the memsahib (thought of as both frivolous and under threat) and the woman writer determined to stake her claim to ‘knowledge’ of India across genres. From Steel’s domestic manual, The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook, to her ‘historical’ novel of the Indian Mutiny, the child both enables the British woman to define her importance to the nation and connotes a weakness against which the imperial feminist defines her active role. In Chapter 3 I discuss the work of Mulk Raj Anand, a ‘founding father’ of the Indian-English novel, who worked to unite his vision of an international humanism with the Gandhian ideal of a harmonious, spiritually inflected Indian nation. I look at Anand’s use of the child as an aesthetic position taken by the writer from the colonies in relation to the Bloomsbury avant-garde; a means of chronicling suffering and inequality and a resource for an idiosyncratic modernist method that has much to say to current theoretical concerns both with cosmopolitanism and materiality.
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Chatterji, Aditi. "The changing nature of the Indian hill station." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335683.
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Waltraud, Ernst R. M. "Psychiatry and colonialism : the treatment of European lunatics in British India, 1800-1858." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574653.
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Mills, James H. "The lunatic asylum in British India, 1857 to 1880 : colonialism, medicine and power." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21419.
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The thesis explores three issues which are important in discussions of colonial and medical power at the asylum in British India. The first is the asylum as a site for the production of colonial knowledge. The methodological problems of using documents is a current concern in both medical and colonial history and two chapters explore the themes common to both disciplines in the context of medical documents and medical data produced in a colonial context. Chapter 1 investigates the psychological case note as a source for the historian and demonstrates that although the nature of the information contained there makes problematic the common project of statistical profiling of patient population, discourse analysis as a methodology can render such documents a fruitful source for exploring relations in the colonial and medical institution. Chapter 2 focuses on the information systems of colonial government by interpreting the asylum as a laboratory for observing the Indian population and gathering information about it. In this chapter the techniques of looking at the Indian's body and behaviour through medical science are traced and the ways that the knowledge produced through these techniques became implicated in the wider concerns of colonial government to create public order issues is explored by using the case study of the cannabis user as a focus of British anxiety. The second aspect of the asylum is a focus on the asylum as a site for colonial strategies of control and discipline. Chapter 3 examines the British admissions policy in the context of colonial policing requirements and relates the incarceration policy to the priority accorded to controlling mobile populations in India rather than to a genuine concern for the fate for the mentally disordered. Chapter 4 concentrates on the treatment regime inside the asylum where the Indian patient was expected to submit to the authority of the medical officer and become reformed into an ordered and productive individual.
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Singha, Radhika. "A 'despotism of law' : British criminal justice and public authority in North India, 1772-1837." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273424.
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Howard, Andrew T. "Problems, Controversies, and Compromise: A Study on the Historiography of British India during the East India Company Era." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1492789513835814.
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tisthammer, erik. "Without an empire: Muslim mobilization after the caliphate." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1532.
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The Caliphate was a fundamental part of Islamic society for nearly 1300 years. This paper seeks to uncover what effect the removal of this institution had on the mobilization of Muslims in several parts of the world; Turkey, Egypt, and British India. These countries had unique experiences with colonialism, secularism, nationalism, that in many ways conditioned the response of individuals to this momentous occasion. Each country’s reaction had a profound impact on the future trajectory of civil society, and the role of Islam in the lives of its citizens. The conclusions of this paper challenge the monolithic depiction of Islam in the world, and reveal the origins of conflict that these three centers of Muslim power face today. Much of the religious narrative now commonplace in Muslim organizations derive from this pivotal event in world history.
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Fitch-McCullough, Robin James. "Imperial Influence On The Postcolonial Indian Army, 1945-1973." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/763.
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The British Indian Army, formed from the old presidency armies of the East India Company in 1895, was one of the pillars upon which Britain’s world empire rested. While much has been written on the colonial and global campaigns fought by the Indian Army as a tool of imperial power, comparatively little has been written about the transition of the army from British to Indian control after the end of the Second World War. While independence meant the transition of the force from imperial rule to that of civilian oversight by India’s new national leadership, the Dominion of India inherited thousands of former colonial soldiers, including two generations of British and Indian officers indoctrinated in military and cultural practices developed in the United Kingdom, in colonial India and across the British Empire.
The goal of this paper is to examine the legacy of the British Empire on the narrative, ethos, culture, tactics and strategies employed by the Indian Army after 1945, when the army began to transition from British to Indian rule, up to 1973 when the government of India reinstituted the imperial rank of Field Marshal. While other former imperial officers would continue to serve in the army up to the end of the 20th century, the first thirty years after independence were a formative period in the history of the Indian Army, that saw it fight four major wars and see the final departure of white British officers from its ranks. While it became during this time a truly national army, the years after independence were one in which its legacy as an arm of imperial power was debated, and eventually transformed into a key component of military identity in the post-colonial era.
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Young, Tom. "Art in India's 'Age of Reform' : amateurs, print culture, and the transformation of the East India Company, c.1813-1858." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285900.
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Two images of British India persist in the modern imagination: first, an eighteenth-century world of incipient multiculturalism, of sexual adventure amidst the hazy smoke of hookah pipes; and second, the grandiose imperialism of the Victorian Raj, its vast public buildings and stiff upper lip. No art historian has focused on the intervening decades, however, or considered how the earlier period transitioned into the later. In contrast, Art in India's 'Age of Reform' sets out to develop a distinct historical identity for the decades between the Charter Act of 1813 and the 1858 Government of India Act, arguing that the art produced during this period was implicated in the political process by which the conquests of a trading venture were legislated and 'reformed' to become the colonial possessions of the British Nation. Over two parts, each comprised of two chapters, two overlooked media are connected to 'reforms' that have traditionally been understood as atrophying artistic production in the subcontinent. Part I relates amateur practice to the reform of the Company's civil establishment, using an extensive archive associated with the celebrated amateur Sir Charles D'Oyly (1781-1845) and an art society that he established called the Behar School of Athens (est.1824). It argues that rather than citing the Company's increasing bureaucratisation as the cause of a decline in fine art patronage, it is crucial instead to recognise how amateur practice shaped this bureaucracy's collective identity and ethos. Part II connects the production and consumption of illustrated print culture to the demographic shifts that occurred as a result of the repeal of the Company's monopolistic privileges in 1813 and 1833, focusing specifically on several costume albums published by artists such as John Gantz (1772-1853) and Colesworthy Grant (1813-1880). In doing so, it reveals how print culture provided cultural capital to a transnational middle class developing across the early-Victorian Empire of free trade. Throughout each chapter, the gradual undermining of the East India Company's sovereignty by a centralising British State is framed as a prerequisite to the emergence of the nation-state as the fundamental category of modern social and political organisation. Art in India's 'Age of Reform' therefore seeks not only to uncover the work and biographies of several unstudied artists in nineteenth-century India, but reveals the significance of this overlooked art history to both the development of the modern British State, and the consequent demise of alternative forms of political corporation.
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Dempsey, Timothy A. "Russian Rule in Turkestan: A Comparison with British India through the Lens of World-Systems Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275340850.
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Gunnarsson, Ingemar. "En skandinavisk järnvägskontraktörs karriär i Indien 1860–1867 : ackumulering av socialt och kulturellt kapital som framgångsstrategi i en kolonial kontext." Licentiate thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-99057.
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This study is about Joseph Samuel Frithiof Stephens (1841–1934) and how he as a Scandinavian contractor acquired an economic fortune in the colonial India. The fortune was used for the acquisition of the mill property Huseby Bruk in Småland and also contributed to the Stephens family's strategy of advancing in the then Danish bourgeois class establishment. The study aims to present an individual actor's opportunities to achieve financial success through access to non-financial capital forms. Social capital in the form of important social relations and cultural capital in the form of information, skills, etc., can be used for transformation into economic capital. The identification and analysis of the personal networks that occurred in Joseph's career determines the importance of family networks and professional networks for access to the various alternative forms of capital. Joseph's career in British India in the 1850s and 60s was surrounded by the colonial power context linked to global capitalist progression and characterized by civilization ambitions, technological transfer and dominance. The aftermath of the Revolt 1857–1858 opened the playing field for wealth-seeking risk-takers from Europe. The power structures previously maintained by the East India Company were gradually replaced by the British central power apparatus. The new power relations established a new administration and altered social institutions in the emerging crown colony. The Indian railways became a significant element in the colonial intervention and consisted of trunk lines that crossed the subcontinent. The used source material in the form of private letters, diaries, business correspondence and more, constitutes the research basis for the studies, and are included in the India-related material stored in the Huseby Archives at Linnaeus University in Växjö, Sweden. The results of the study show that network contacts and access to alternative forms of capital became crucial success factors for Joseph Stephen's career and wealth accumulation. The networks were linked to both the private and traditional spheres as well as to the professional and rational spheres and sometimes seemed cross-border. The study has further demonstrated the structures, colonial thought patterns and hierarchies that the individual actor was actively related to, and that affected the often-strained everyday life of the contractor.
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Kim, Jung Hyun. "Rethinking Vivekananda through space and territorialised spirituality, c. 1880-1920." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271090.
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This dissertation examines Vivekananda (1863-1902) as an itinerant monk rather than the nationalist ideologue he has become in recent scholarship. Historians have approached Vivekananda as either a pioneer of Hindu nationalism or as the voice of a universalist calling for service to humanity. Such labelling neglects the fact that he predominantly navigated between those polarised identities, and overlooks the incongruities between his actions and his ideas. By contextualising his travels within various scales of history, this dissertation puts Vivekananda's lived life in dialogue with his thought, as articulated in his correspondence and speeches. It shows that purposeful movement characterised Vivekananda's life. Instead of searching for enlightenment, he travelled throughout the subcontinent as a wandering monk to territorialise spirituality. He carved out his own support base in Madras to reclaim the region from the Theosophical Society, and dwelled in native courts to accrue the patronage of native princes to build the Ramakrishna Math and Mission with him at the helm. His web of princely patronage also carried him to the Parliament of the World's Religions (World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893), as a representative of 'Hinduism' rather than a Hindu representative of a religious community or organisation. His rise to fame at the Parliament also unfolded through spatial dynamic. His performance triggered highly gendered and disordered spectacle, which starkly contrasted with the British Royal Commission's obsession with discipline at the main Exposition. Furthermore, his speeches painted an anti-colonial geography of fraternity, and instilled new malleable subjectivity in his western female followers. After his death, his life and ideas continued to challenge the colonial state's distinction between 'spirituality' and anarchism. Thus, Vivekananda territorialised spirituality in both India and America not only by travelling, but also by inhabiting the interstices of empire. By examining Vivekananda through space, this dissertation creates a new template for contextualising Vivekananda in national, imperial, and international histories, leading to new insights on the man, his ideas, and his legacy.
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Watkins, Kevin. "India : colonialism, nationalism and perceptions of development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670394.
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Poddar, Prem K. "English studies and the articulation of the nation in India." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309444.
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Bagchi, Kaushik. "Orientalism without colonialism? : three nineteenth-century German indologists and India /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487935573771214.
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Majeed, J. "Orientalism, Utalitarianism and British India : James Mill's 'The History of British India' and the romantic Orient." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234313.
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Arunima, G. "Colonialism and the transformation of matriliny in Malabar, 1850-1940." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272701.
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Kumar, Vinod. "Les représentations des « Indes » coloniales dans la bande dessinée contemporaine d’Europe francophone." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20024.
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Le thème des Indes n’est pas une nouveauté dans la littérature française. Plusieurs œuvres se sont servies des Indes comme cadre de leur écriture, notamment, Le Tour du Monde en 80 jours de Jules Verne, et Un barbare en Asie d’Henri Michaux. Dans la littérature du XXe siècle les représentations changent dans la mesure où l’imaginaire a été remplacé en partie par une vision réelle mais cela ne donne pas lieu pour autant à une description réaliste. L’imaginaire français lié aux Indes au cours du XIXe siècle et du XXe siècle a été étudié par divers travaux de Catherine Weinberger-Thomas, et Jackie Assayag. Néanmoins, ces articles sont limités aux œuvres dites « littéraires ». Il n’existe rien sur la bande dessinée contemporaine. Donc, ce travail vise à traiter de l’image véhiculée des Indes dans la bande dessinée contemporaine d’Europe francophone. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’analyser les œuvres en question pour savoir si les auteurs contemporains ont tordu le cou aux clichés pour laisser place à des descriptions plus réalistes. Peut-être prolongent-ils encore les images littéraires héritées de la littérature du XIXe siècle comme celles que nous pouvons lire dans le Tour du Monde en 80 jours de Jules Verne ? Les résultats de notre recherche confirment que l’image des Indes que les auteurs représentent n’est pas entièrement soutenue par un goût de réalisme mais plutôt par l’envie de montrer à quel point le sous-continent indien est un territoire exotique, magique et plein d’aventuresThe theme of India is not unknown in French literature; several works have used India as part of their writing, most notably Jules Verne's Around the World in 80 Days, and Henri Michaux's A Barbarian in Asia. In twentieth-century literature, representations have changed to a degree: the imagination has been partially replaced by real commentary. However, this evolution has not yet lent itself to a realistic description of the country. The French imagination of India during the nineteenth century and the twentieth century was studied by Catherine Weinberger-Thomas, and Jackie Assayag. Nevertheless, their articles are limited to so-called "literary" works. There is no academic writing on comic books. This work aims to deal with the image of colonial India in contemporary comic books conveyed by French-speaking Europe. The goal of this research is to analyse the works in question in order to study whether the contemporary authors have laid stereotypical clichés to rest and replaced them with more realistic descriptions, or, whether they perpetuate the literary images inherited from the nineteenth-century literature, such as those we can read in Jules Verne's Around the world in 80 Days. Our research confirms that the image of India that authors of comic books convey does not entirely stem from realism, but rather from a keen desire to portray the Indian subcontinent as an exotic, magical land of adventures
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Olsson, Niclas. "Nineteen Eighty-Four as a Critique of British Colonialism." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149323.
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This essay explored the possibilities of Nineteen Eighty-Four being read as a critique of British colonialism in Kenya. The questions I have tried to answer are: What are the significant aspects found in Nineteen Eighty-Four that correlate to postcolonial literature? What are the significant parallels drawn between Orwell’s Airstrip One and the British colonial state in Kenya? In regards to similarities between Oceania and colonial Kenya, do they shed a new light on Nineteen Eighty-Four in terms of themes? I have tried to answer these questions by using the theory of postcolonialism, and reference literature from colonial Kenya. This ultimately led to many similarities made apparent between Nineteen Eighty-Four and colonial Kenya.
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Jaffer, Amin. "Furniture in British India 1750-1830." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600824.
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The focus of this thesis is the manufacture and consumption of furniture in British India in the second half of the eighteenth and the eill"ly nineteenth centuries. Working from sources which include furniture and pictures as well as contemporary written material, which ranges from diaries and memoirs to accounts and estate inventories, furniture is examined in the broader context of British trade and settlement in the Subcontinent. The tllesis explores tlle ownership and use of furniture among Europeans in India, primarily in tlle Bengal and Madras Presidencies, with emphasis placed on understanding elements of European domestic life such as interior decoration and shopping. AngloIndian interiors are examined, as are the factors which influenced their appearance. In an attempt to reconstruct the furniture market in early colonial India, the iliesis addresses tlle various sources of furniture and studies the acquisition and availability of botll imported and local manufactures. The iliesis also interprets the consumption of Western-style fumiture and decorative articles among Indians as an effect of the growing European influence. AltllOugh addressing a number of centres of cabinet-making, tlle thesis does not examine tlle technical or stylistic aspects of Anglo-Indi~U1 fumiture in dCpUl, but inslead creates illl understanding of Anglo-Indiilll furniture by examining issues such as technology transfer, workshop organization, tlle use of pattems, and the availability of materials.
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Dhillon, Komal Kaur. "Brown Skin, White Dreams: Pigmentocracy in India." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73702.
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Pigmentocracy or colorism refers to the practice of intraracial groups applying a preferential valuation to lighter skin, resulting in a system of contextual privileges and discriminations based on skin color. In India, this phenomenon is informed by numerous factors, including colonialism, the caste system, media, cultural practices, and patriarchy. The fundamental forces contributing to pigmentocracy are explored independently as well as in conjunction with each other in order to elucidate the multifaceted aspects of social organization in India, specifically, the larger effects of imperialism, capitalism, globalization, racism, and sexism as they relate to colorist ideology. Everyday practices and attitudes informed by caste, class, religion, language, region, and customs are also examined in relation to pigmentocracy. Although there are numerous mechanisms that contribute to the complexity of examining pigmentocracy, larger patterns also prevail that allow for a comprehensive understanding of how pigmentocratic notions influence and are influenced by multiple background and demographic conditions. Benefits for those who are on the lighter end of the skin color spectrum are recognized and leveraged in accordance with the systemic logic of being naturally superior. Conversely, often those on the darker end of the spectrum are perceived as inferior, thus perpetuating the superiority of whiteness. Pigmentocracy is detrimental psychologically, physically, and socioeconomically due to the ways in which darker skin is often viewed (by society, media, lighter individuals as well as darker people who subscribe to the belief that white is better) as less attractive, less valuable, less pure, and less clean. For those perceived to be darker, the consequences can include violence, marginalization, and discrimination in areas of employment, education, government, access to resources, psychological trauma, disparities in marital opportunities and conceived notions of beauty, and underrepresentation in media.Ph. D.
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Fracchia, Elena M. "Colonialism and development : reinventing 'tradition' and gendered work in Kumaon, India /." view abstract or download text of file, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/2801.
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McEldowney, O. T. "Headcounting in British Ireland 1650-1911 : colonialism, demography and ethnicity." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517443.
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McLoughlin, Stephen. "Reckoning without the African : British development policy in Tanganyika, 1925 to 1950." Thesis, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320883.
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Malhotra, Ashok. "Making of British India fictions, 1772-1823." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4504.
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This thesis investigates British fictional representations of India in novels, plays and poetry from 1772 to 1823. Rather than simply correlating literary portrayals to shifting colonial context and binary power relationships, the project relates representations to the impact of India on British popular culture, and print capitalism’s role in defining and promulgating national identity and proto-global awareness. The study contends that the internal historical development of the literary modes – the stage play, the novel and verse – as well as consumer expectations, were hugely influential in shaping fictional portrayals of the subcontinent. In addition, it argues that the literary representations of India were contingent upon authors’ gender, class and their lived or lack of lived experience in the subcontinent. The project seeks to use literary texts as case studies to explore the growing commoditisation of culture, the developing literary marketplace and an emerging sense of national identity. The thesis proposes that the aforementioned discourses and anxieties are embodied within the very literary forms of British India narratives. In addition, it seeks to determine shifts in how Britain’s relationship with the subcontinent was imagined and how events in colonial India were perceived by the general public. Furthermore, the project utilises literary texts as sites to explore the discursive and epistemological strategies that Britons engaged in to either justify or confront their country’s role as a colonising nation.
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Clark, Joannah Kate. "Prison Reform in Nineteenth-Century British-India." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10695.
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By the beginning of the nineteenth century imprisonment was slowly becoming the favoured form of punishment for criminals in Britain and wider Europe. The nineteenth century was therefore a time when penal institutions were coming under scrutiny. In British-India, the Prison Discipline Committee of 1838 and the 1864 Inquiry Committee attempted to address a number of issues within the colonial Indian jails ranging from discipline and administration to health, labour and rehabilitation. There are important questions that need to be more thoroughly explored in relation to these periods of reform: What were the different points of emphasis of the proposed reforms in each period? What continuity or change can be observed between 1838 and 1864 and what accounted for it? The prison reform of this period in India reflected the various and fluctuating ideas on punishment and criminality that also characterised Britain, America and Europe. However, the approach of the 1838 Prison Discipline Committee and the 1864 Inquiry Committee often attested to the British preoccupation with “progress” and asserting control over the Indian population rather than addressing the needs of the prisoners. Furthermore, the conceptualization of Indian criminals by the British impacted upon ideas relating to convict rehabilitation. Although work has been done in this area of British-India’s history, there is a need to draw together the various threads of reform to create a clearer picture of the overall character and development of prison reform in nineteenth-century British-India.
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Bérubé, Damien. "The East India Company, British Fiscal-Militarism and Violence in India, 1765-1788." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40965.
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The grant of the diwani to the East India Company in August 1765 represents a climacteric moment in British imperial histories. Vested by the Mughal Emperor Shah Allam II, this newfound right to collect revenue saddled the Company with the broader and formal economic, judicial and military responsibilities of a territorial empire. Wherefore, in the era of post-Mughal political splintering, the EIC, as an emerging subcontinental state had to contend with internal revolts abetted by ethno-religious and socio-economic crises, but also because of threats posed by the Kingdom of Mysore and the Maratha Confederacy. Nevertheless, in the midst of the American Revolution, the EIC’s contentious and contested conduct of imperial governance in India became an ideological, philosophical and pragmatic point of domestic and imperial contention. Thus, confronted with the simultaneous internal and external implications of the crises of Empire between 1765 and 1788, the role of the Company’s fiscal-military administration and exercise of violence within the spheres British imperial governance was reconceptualised and in doing so contemporaries underwrote the emergence of what historians have subsequently called the ‘Second British Empire’ in India. Alternatively, the reconceptualisation of the EIC’s fiscal-military administration served to ensure the continuity and preservation of the British imperial nexus as it was imposed upon Bengal. This work, therefore, traces the Company’s fiscal-military administration and dispensation of violence during the ‘crises of empire’ as a point of genesis in the development and reformation of British imperial governance. Moreover, it will show that the interdependent nature of the Company’s ‘fiscal-military hybridity’ ultimately came to underwrite further the ideological, philosophical and pragmatic consolidation of imperial governance in ‘British India’. Accordingly, this dissertation examines the interdependent role between Parliament’s reconceptualisation of the East India Company’s fiscal-military administration of violence and the changing nature of British imperial governance in ‘British India’.
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Limki, Rashné. "Postcolonial excess(es) : on the mattering of bodies and the preservation of value in India." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8978.
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This thesis postulates the annihilation of the poor as the authorised end of development. This circumstance, I contend, is an effect of the entanglement – that is, the mutual affectability (Barad 2007) – of the human and capital as descriptors of ethical and economic value, respectively. Accordingly, I suggest that the annihilation of the poor by capital under the sign of development is authorised as the preservation of value. I designate this as the postcolonial capitalist condition. The argument unfolds through encounters with three sites that have become metonymic with destruction wrought by development: the state response to peasant revolt against land expropriation in Nandigram, the Bhopal gas leak, and the recently emergent surrogacy market. I offer these as different instantiations of the annihilation of the poor, each of which gives lie to the recuperative myth of development. Here, annihilation proceeds by leaving a material trace upon the body. I follow this trace to argue the indispensability of the body in performing the ideological work of development – that is, to preserve an idealised appearance as human through the eradication of the poor that appear as subaltern – even as it establishes itself as an emancipatory truth. Thus, in this thesis I offer an analysis of the violence of capital not as socio-materially imposed (per Karl Marx) but rather as an onto-materially authorised (following Georges Bataille). As such, I seek to explicate the differential mattering of bodies – as both, appearance and significance – under development.
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Horstmann, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Images of India in British Fiction: Anglo-India vs. the Metropolis / Sebastian Horstmann." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102805165/34.
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Stollery, Martin. "Alternative empires : Soviet montage cinema, the British documentary movement & colonialism." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3954/.
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This is a study of Soviet montage cinema and the British documentary movement of the 1930s which brings together two usually divergent methodologies: postcolonial theory and "new" film history. The first chapter develops new insights into Eisenstein's October and Vertov's The Man With the Movie Camera, The second analyses two less well-known Vertov films, One Sixth of the Earth and Three Songs of Lenin, from the perspective of postcolonial theory, The third considers Pudovkin's Storm Over Asia and traces its reception in both the Soviet Union and England. The fourth and fifth chapters expand general issues and themes raised by the first two, and pursue specific questions raised by the third. These final chapters resituate the work of the British documentary movement in relation to the culture of British imperialism. This shift of focus entails the analysis of the production and contemporary critical reception of a number of films which have been marginalised in most retrospective historical accounts of the movement. By recontextualising these two groups of films, this study attempts to demonstrate how their various representations of the non-Western world are intertwined with and necessarily involve considering other issues, such as: periodisation within film history; the "influence" of Soviet montage on the British documentary movement; the construction of authorship; the division between "high" and "low" culture; the relationship between politics and film aesthetics; the postcolonial challenge to Marxism; cinematic internationalism. The first two chapters also integrate an ongoing critique of certain trends within post-1968 film theory and criticism, which developed in close association with a retrieval and revaluation of Soviet montage cinema and Soviet avant-garde culture of the 1920s, One of the aims of this thesis is to question some of the assumptions of this work, whilst at the same time demonstrating that historical research, even as it attempts to reconstruct former contexts, need not consign its objects of study to the past, but can be used instead to raise questions relevant to the present. In this respect, the thesis tries to remain closer to the spirit of post-1968 than does much of the more recent, "new" historical research into Soviet cinema and the British documentary movement, to which it is nevertheless greatly indebted.
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Rudd, Andrew John. "Sentimental imperialism : British literature and India, 1770-1830." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440619.
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O'Neal, Kathleen Nicole. "The British in colonial India reformers or preservationists? /." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/244592.
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Pass, Andrea Rose. "British women missionaries in India, c.1917-1950." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4777425f-65ef-4515-8bfe-979bf7400c08.
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Although by 1900, over 60% of the British missionary workforce in South Asia was female, women’s role in mission has often been overlooked. This thesis focuses upon women of the two leading Anglican societies – the high-Church Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG) and the evangelical Church Missionary Society (CMS) – during a particularly underexplored and eventful period in mission history. It uses primary material from the archives of SPG at Rhodes House, Oxford, CMS at the University of Birmingham, St Stephen’s Community, Delhi, and the United Theological College, Bangalore, to extend previous research on the beginnings of women’s service in the late-nineteenth century, exploring the ways in which women missionaries responded to unprecedented upheaval in Britain, India, and the worldwide Anglican Communion in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. In so doing, it contributes to multiple overlapping historiographies: not simply to the history of Church and mission, but also to that of gender, the British Empire, Indian nationalism, and decolonisation. Women missionaries were products of the expansion of female education, professional opportunities, and philanthropic activity in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century Britain. Their vocation was tested by living conditions in India, as well as by contradictory calls to marriage, career advancement, familial duties, or the Religious Life. Their educational, medical, and evangelistic work altered considerably between 1917 and 1950 owing to ‘Indianisation’ and ‘Diocesanisation,’ which sought to establish a self-governing ‘native’ Church. Women’s absorption in local affairs meant they were usually uninterested in imperial, nationalist, and Anglican politics, and sometimes became estranged from the home Church. Their service was far more than an attempt to ‘colonise’ Indian hearts and minds and propagate Western ideology. In reality, women missionaries’ engagement with India and Indians had a far more profound impact upon them than upon the Indians they came to serve.
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Krishnan, Eesvan. "Land acquisition in British India, c. 1894-1927." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3ba0652b-70b0-4407-ba85-14eddebdbcb6.
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This study offers the first instalment of a general history of land acquisition in British India, c. 1894–1927. It advances eight principal theses: (i) that the first law of land acquisition was enacted in 1668, as part of a political settlement by the East India Company with the Portuguese landlords of Bombay island; (ii) that, to a remarkable degree, land acquisition law was shaped in the interest of the sterling railway companies; (iii) that the state habitually used land acquisition not so much to effect non- consensual transfers but to ‘launder’ titles free of encumbrances and other claims; (iv) that the primary beneficiaries of land acquisition were public bodies, the sterling railway companies, and elite private interests; (v) that the executive was hostile to legislative and judicial oversight of land acquisition, and successfully resisted or co-opted attempts to impose such oversight; (vi) that the courts were in any event content with the role they were assigned under the 1894 Act, and generally deferred to the executive in land acquisition cases; (vii) that the land-acquiring executive, although hostile to and unencumbered by meaningful legislative and judicial oversight, as a general rule displayed a legal fastidiousness; (viii) that, despite an appearance of impartiality, land acquisition bore the stain of imperialism. These theses are advanced in the course of explaining the failure of the forgotten Kelkar Bill (1927), an attempt by the Maharashtrian nationalist N. C. Kelkar (1872–1947) to enact far-reaching amendments to the Land Acquisition Act 1894. Kelkar’s fellow nationalists withheld their open support from the measure and thereby guaranteed its failure: a counterintuitive choice that, it is argued, exemplifies the tactical compromises of nationalism.
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Steadman-Jones, Richard. "Colonialism and linguistic knowledge : John Gilchrist and the representation of Urdu in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272827.
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Dell, Elizabeth Anne. "Museums and the re-presentation of 'savage South Africa' to 1910." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320057.
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Peake, Bryce. "Listening and/as Technology in British Gibraltar, 1940-2013." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19219.
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This dissertation investigates the somatic politics of postcolonial masculinity and mass
media in British Gibraltar. Drawing on 14 months of ethnographic and archival research over the
course of 5 years in Gibraltar and London, I trace the interconnections between the ways of
listening promoted by colonial administrators and scientists in Gibraltar during the post-World
War II democratization of mass media and the contemporary listening practices of Gibraltarian
men as they engage with, think about, and decry the use of emerging media technologies
among women and children. Using a practice theoretical framework developed out of women's
studies, anthropology, and science and technology studies, I move beyond "reading" the sounds
that represent intersecting gender, race, and class stereotypes; instead, I examine how
Gibraltarian men's media listening practices are both product and productive of a complex calculus of
colonial masculine domination that legitimates British colonial violence - symbolic and physical
- in Gibraltar today. In this way, listening to media technologies is transformed into a political
technology for the maintenance and operationalization of colonialism in Gibraltar.10000-01-01
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Hasseler, Theresa A. ""Myself in India" : the memsahib figure in colonial India /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9364.
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Gupta, Devyani. "The postal system of British India, c. 1830-1920." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283983.
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Bowen, Huw Vaughan. "British politics and the East India Company, 1766-1773." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548079.
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Between 1766 and 1773 issues related to the East India Company were a dominant theme in British politics: in 1767 and 1772-3 there were major parliamentary inquiries into the affairs of the Company. This thesis is a study of why this was so. It is a study of the response of politicians and those within the Company to the changing nature of British activity in India. Attention is focussed upon two legislative bodies: Parliament and the General Court of the Company. Such an approach is necessary as much of the East Indian legislation enacted during this period originated in the General Court. The nature of this political proceHS is reflected in the organization of the thesis. Part one is devoted to a consideration of the political structure and decision-making machinery of the Company. Particular attention has been given to the factional struggle for control of the Company, and to the growth of a ministerial 'interest' in the executive body, the Court of Directors. Part two is a study of the intrusion of Company issues into parliamentary politics. It is argued that shortcomings in the Pratt-Yorke legal opinion of 1757 conditioned the nature of parliamentary intervent ions into the Company's affairs. The motives behind, and scope of, the first inquiry of 1767 are examined, as are the failures to reform the Company between 1768 and 1772. Finally, in the wake of the financial crisis of 1772, detailed consideration is given to the second parliamentary inquiry and the passage of Lord North's East Indian legislation in 1773.
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Bayoumi, Moustafa. "Migrating Islam : religion, modernity, and colonialism (Salman Rushdie, Edward Wilmot Blyden, India, Malcolm X)." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?res_dat=xri:ssbe&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_dat=xri:ssbe:ft:keyresource:G_Rel_Diss_03.
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Strachey, Antonia. "The Princely States v British India : fiscal history, public policy and development in modern India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4bceba59-198a-4be8-b405-b9448fd70126.
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This dissertation examines how direct versus indirect rule shaped late colonial India through government finance. Fiscal policy has hitherto been overlooked in the literature on Indian economic history. This thesis considers how revenues were raised and spent in the Princely States compared with British India, and the welfare outcomes associated with these fiscal decisions. Part One examines the fiscal framework through the neglected public accounts. The key finding is that while the systems of taxation were broadly similar in both types of administration, patterns of public expenditure were dramatically different. The large Princely States spent more public revenue on social expenditure. This was made possible by lower proportionate expenditure on security and defence. Part one charts these trends empirically and unearths political and institutional reasons for the differences in fiscal policy between directly and indirectly ruled India. Part Two examines welfare. The study goes beyond previous anthropometric scholarship by assessing the impact of institutions and policies on biological living standards, deploying a new database of adult male heights in South India. Puzzlingly, heights were slightly lower in the Princely States, traditionally lauded for being more responsive to the needs of their populations, especially those of low status. The resolution to the conundrum is found in poorer initial conditions, and caste dynamics. Higher social expenditure and reduced height inequality occurred simultaneously in the States from the 1910s, suggesting policies directed at low status groups within the Princely States may have been successful. I also examine the consequences of Britain's policy of constructing an extensive rail network across the country. Importantly, the impact of railways differed by caste. Railways were good for High Caste groups, and bad for low status Dalit and Tribal groups. This suggests that railways served to reinforce the existing caste distinctions in access to resources and net nutrition.
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Haruda, Ashleigh F. "A reflection of home : defining the space of the Raj, 1857-1914 /." Connect to online version, 2006. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2006/141.pdf.
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Stephens, Julia Anne. "Governing Islam: Law and Religion in Colonial India." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10842.
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This dissertation charts how the legal regulation of Islam in colonial India fostered a conception of religion that focused on dividing it from secular economy and politics. Colonial law segregated religious law from other branches of law through intersecting binaries that pitted religion against reason and family against the economy. These binaries continue to shape both popular and scholarly approaches to South Asian religion. Unsettling these common assumptions, the dissertation reveals the close relationship between contemporary conceptions of religion and the imperatives of imperial governance. By segregating religious from secular law, the British developed a bifurcated strategy of governance that balanced contradictory commitments to preserving Indian traditions with introducing modernizing reforms. Scholars have traditionally located the origins of the colonial approach to administering Indian religious laws in the early decades of Company rule. The dissertation argues instead that the conceptual framework of religious personal laws emerged between the second and third quarter of the nineteenth century. Changing concepts of sovereignty, an evangelical commitment to spreading Christian civilization, and the integration of colonial production into global markets led colonial officials to look for ways to consolidate the authority of the colonial state. Due to the history of Mughal rule, colonial officials viewed Islamic law as posing a particular threat to colonial suzerainty, placing Islam at the center of these debates. Limiting religious laws to the sphere of domestic relations and ritual performance allowed the colonial state to maintain the rhetoric of respecting Indian religions while consolidating new bodies of criminal, commercial, and procedural law. The boundaries colonial law drew around religion, however, proved unstable. By bringing different definitions of religion into dialogue, legal adjudication in courts unsettled the boundaries between religious and secular authority that colonial legislation and legal texts attempted to solidify. The dissertation looks at legal debates occurring in different levels of the judicial system and in the wider court of public opinion, turning to newspaper coverage of trials and literature on Islamic law. The dissertation uses this broadened archive of legal contest to explore alternative understandings of the relationship between religion, politics, and economy.History
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Hodge, Joseph Morgan. "Development and science, British colonialism and the rise of the expert, 1895-1945." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0004/NQ42945.pdf.
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Hamilton, Douglas J. "Patronage and profit : Scottish networks in the British West Indies, c.1763-1807." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301198.
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The thesis is concerned with assessing the scale and importance of the interaction between Scotland and the West Indies in the later part of the eighteenth century. In analysing the symbiotic relationship between a metropolitan region and a colonial sphere, this study seeks to further the on-going reappraisal of British imperial activity. Within the West Indies, the thesis focuses particularly on Jamaica and on the Windward Islands, which were ceded to Britain in 1763. For Scots, the new opportunities in the Windwards were especially attractive. In this period, Scots formed a significant, and disproportionately large, part of the white population and tended to conduct their affairs in networks based on ties of kinship or local association. These were essentially transatlantic, and were often based on pre-existing networks which were extended from Scotland to include Great Britain and its Atlantic empire. In addition to facilitating all aspects of the Scottish-West Indian interaction, the networks helped to forge new, concentric identities within a imperial framework. The thesis considers this transoceanic interaction by examining a number of key themes. The two opening chapters discuss the Scottish and Caribbean contexts in which the thematic chapters. The first of these is concerned with the structure of Scottish affairs on the plantations, and the next examines the role of Scots in medical practice. Two further chapters assess the political implications of the Scottish presence, one in a West Indian context, the other from a British imperial perspective. Chapter seven reviews Scottish mercantile activity. The final chapter looks at the nature and direction of the repatriation of people and capital from the Caribbean to Scotland.
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Condos, Mark Nicholas. "British military ideology and practice in Punjab c. 1849-1920." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648446.
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Mahmood, Shahid. "British alterations to the palace-complex of Shâhjahânâbâd." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20489.
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Built on the ruins of earlier cities, the Mughal Emperor Shahjahan founded Shahjahanabad in 1639. Cradling a fort, the city expended itself down the social/housing strata to a wall. This wall not only brought coherence to any one group but provided an interaction amongst them. These cohesive units formed neighborhoods called mohallahs, marked by religious, economic and social liaisons, their identity legitimizing the power of certain individuals and institutions. The Palace-Complex formed the pinnacle in this urban hierarchy. This thesis shows the importance of the Palace-Complex and how the British occupied it after the 1857 Sepoy Rebellion in an attempt to exercise control over the city.
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Blunt, Alison. "Travelling home and empire, British women in India, 1857-1939." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25020.pdf.
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