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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Britain'
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1
Eckardt, Hella. "Illuminating Roman Britain." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431077.
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Reilly, Joanne. "Britain and Belsen." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294490.
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Eckardt, Hella. "Illuminating Roman Britain /." Montagnac : M. Mergoil, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39007842f.
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Brook, Hazel Isis. "Goethean science in Britain." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238940.
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Little, Allan. "Economic inactivity in Britain." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441136.
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Prendergast, John Richard. "Biodiversity hotspots in Britain." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300123.
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Pritchard, Jonathan Miles. "Alexander Pope and Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624844.
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Dickerson, Andrew P. "Industrial conflict in Britain." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4265/.
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The economic analysis of conflict in Britain has previously concentrated on examining aggregate strike frequency. The thesis recognises the limitations of this approach and argues for the investigation of a broader definition of conflict and at a more disaggregated level. While weakly encompassing previous theoretical work, the principal objective is to establish the patterns and trends pertaining to wider set of measures of conflict in post-war Britain. The empirical investigation of these disaggregated dimensions of conflict and their inter-relationships appears to have previously received only very limited attention. Following a critique of the extant theoretical and empirical literature, the first substantive chapter examines the traditional aggregate- econometric models of strike frequency. These are shown to be unsatisfactory in a number of ways. The chapter then turns to the central issue of the procyclicality of strikes. It is shown that while the total number of strikes is only very loosely related to the cycle, strikes arising over the level of remuneration bear a much closer correspondence with the level of economic activity and this finding accords with many of the theoretical models that have been proposed for strike. activity. The chapter concludes with an examination of a cyclical-political model of strikes within which the impact of the recent reforms in labour legislation is also investigated. One of the central arguments of the thesis is that the emphasis on strike frequency is inappropriate. This is most clearly illustrated by the fact that while strike frequency fell by almost one quarter between 1980 and 1984, the incidence of strikes at the establishment level actually increased by 45%. An examination of the determinants of the incidence of conflict activity forms the basis of the second substantive chapter of the thesis. As a subsidiary theme, the complementary nature of strike and non-strike action is also explored. The next chapter investigates the ceteris paribus differences in strike probabilities between the public and private sectors. While the levels of strike incidence and frequency appear to be much higher in the public sector, much of the divergence is found to be a consequence of differences in the characteristics of the two sectors. Additionally, when weighted by employment and/or union coverage, strike frequency is found to be lower in the public sector and, moreover, each of these strikes tends to be shorter and involve fewer workers. The final substantive chapter looks at the impact of strikes on industry output and efficiency. The structure of the model is novel in that a production frontier is estimated without having recourse to an explicit functional form for the inefficiency component. This is due to the availability of a panel of data in which the fixed effects can be viewed as capturing both the inefficiency term as well as the industry fixed effect. A second stage estimation is then used to identify each industry's level of efficiency. While strikes do not appear to reduce output in aggregate, there is some evidence to suggest that those industries which incur a large number of short strikes do have their output significantly disrupted. This loss of output also serves to make these industries less efficient in general. Thus a major conclusion is that a disaggregated approach is necessary in order that the multi-dimensional nature of conflict and the sectoral diversity in the incidence of industrial action can be investigated in a satisfactory manner. Any new theories of conflict will need to encompass the empirical findings of the thesis.
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Higgott, Andrew. "Architectural modernism in Britain." Thesis, University of East London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536638.
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These published texts deal with the historical analysis of the making and remaking of modernism in British architecture. The book, Mediating Modernism: Architectural Cultures in Britain takes a chronological series of case-studies which reflect different phases of this history from modernism's introduction, its application and its modification, to its ongoing reappraisal. It is not, however, intended as a positivist history that outlines historical progress, and neither does it aim for completeness: each of the seven chapters after the introductory section aims to develop a discrete narrative of architectural thought within a specific discourse, and thus can be read as a separate study. The focus in each case is on the expression of architectural ideologies through publications and other cultural outputs that are deemed to have been crucial to the shifts in architectural thought and practice of their time. Having said that, the discourses chosen for study are arguably the most historically significant and the most influential, even though much architectural work and very many other architectural publications make no appearance in its pages. The three other published texts submitted here subtend directly from the concerns of Mediating Modernism and were published earlier. Travels in Modem Architecture 1925-1930: Howard Robertson and FR Yerbury extends the account of the early British publication and influence of European modern architecture to be found in the latter part of Chapter 1 of Mediating Modernism. Birmingham: Building the Modem city forms a case study of the application *of modernist ideas of rebuilding and, while a separate and specific study, expands on the concerns outlined in Chapter 3 on the Abercrombie plan for London. Eric de Mare and the Functional Tradition makes a more extensive case for De Mare's contribution to the post-war discourse of material and place which is the subject of Chapter 4.
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Habu, Toshie. "Japanese women in Britain." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300186.
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Rogge, Ebbe. "Better banking for Britain." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23791/.
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The global financial crisis had devastating effects on the financial system, economic growth and national debt of Western countries. The focus of this thesis is an examination of certain identifiable weaknesses in the corporate governance at UK banks which, it is posited, constituted an underlying cause of the crisis. It then considers the main regulatory responses to these identified weaknesses and assesses to what extent these have led to improvements in corporate governance at banks. This research is based on an examination of all the major failures at UK banks during and after the crisis, and of its related responses. In addition to UK responses, several solutions to the weaknesses identified at UK banks are also currently addressed through EU legislation and by the international Basel Committee. These are also reviewed. The principal conclusions are that: board effectiveness was low due to a lack of knowledge and of challenging of senior management; there was a culture placing growth and profit over risk management; and remuneration was inappropriately structured leading to unacceptable risk taking and scandals. It is further concluded that the mechanisms to limit the impact of a failure of a bank on its stakeholders, such as depositors and the taxpayer, were inadequate. A comparative case study of the financial crisis in Japan during the 1990s is also undertaken to consider whether, and to what extent, the Japanese regulatory response offers lessons to UK regulators and legislators. The principal finding is that comparative analysis of regulation and corporate governance at banks is problematic. Although there were similarities between the two financial crises and their impacts, the organisation and culture of the UK and Japanese banks is so different that different regulatory responses follow. Despite similarities in financial crises, different regulatory responses are more likely due to distinctive national contexts.
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Shakkour, Suha. "Christian Palestinians in Britain." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/999.
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This study seeks to address a gap in the literature with regard to the Christian Palestinians. As members of a very small minority, they are often overlooked by the media and the academic community. While this is changing to some extent for Christian Palestinians in the Middle East, there is scant literature that considers their lives in the ‘West’ and almost none on their experiences in Britain. This thesis considers how Christian Palestinians have adapted to life in London, including an analysis of the individual experiences of both Christian Palestinians and Muslim Palestinians. Interviews with respondents focused on their English language abilities, educational achievements, attitudes to intermarriage, and their sense of belonging. These aspects were chosen because they offer an insight into respondents’ private and public lives, a distinction that is particularly important in the study of integration and assimilation. Through the assessment of these attributes, this research seeks to redefine the way that assimilation has been viewed and argues that a more comprehensive study of assimilation must include not only an analysis of whether migrants have adopted a characteristic of the host nation’s population, but also an analysis of whether they have adopted the sentiments their native born counterparts have attached to them.
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Нефедченко, Оксана Іллівна, Оксана Ильинична Нефедченко, Oksana Illivna Nefedchenko, and D. Chernova. "Mass media in Britain." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16006.
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Hancock, Adam Michael. "When Brazilians brave Britain." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/457176110/viewonline.
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Travis, John Robert. "Coal in Roman Britain /." Oxford (GB) : J. and E. Hedges, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41353540h.
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Qaisrani, Sajid Mansoor. "Urdu press in Britain." Islambad : Mashal Publications, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22907965.html.
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Ben, Jaffel Hager. "Britain in Europe, Europe in Britain : the field of anti-terrorism intelligence cooperation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/britain-in-europe-europe-in-britain-the-field-of-antiterrorism-intelligence-cooperation(6cacaea5-d79f-46c9-a816-c404eded920e).html.
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This thesis investigates the transnationalisation of British intelligence, in the context of intelligence cooperation with European partners in anti-terrorism matters. This inquiry puts forward the idea of a 'Europe of anti-terror intelligence cooperation' to challenge false beliefs and, in particular, two dominant representations of intelligence relationships. Despite the British opt-out from Justice and Home Affairs and ‘Brexit’, it disputes not only the assumption whereby Britain has an ambivalent position towards the European Union as a result of its ‘special relationship’ with the United States but it also debunks the myth of the unbreakable allegiance of British services to the American 'friend'. By contrast, it shows that alliances with European services have long been in development and have formed, over time, a space of relationships which is structured around specific stakes and modalities of action. The contribution of sociology, notably through Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts, is crucial since it breaks with the dominance of rational choice theory and functionalist approaches and puts the role of social actors and their daily 'ways of doing things’ at the core of the inquiry. It is, therefore, by carrying out an ontological and an epistemological rupture with previous studies that this project can shed light on the ‘Europeanness’ of British services.
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Malfoy, Jordan I. "Britain Can Take It: Civil Defense and Chemical Warfare in Great Britain, 1915-1945." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3639.
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This dissertation argues that the origins of civil defense are to be found in pre-World War II Britain and that a driving force of this early civil defense scheme was fear of poison gas. Later iterations of civil defense, such as the Cold War system in America, built on already existing regimes that had proven their worth during WWII. This dissertation demonstrates not only that WWII civil defense served as a blueprint for later civil defense schemes, but also that poison gas anxiety served as a particular tool for the implementation and success of civil defense. The dissertation is organized thematically, exploring the role of civilians and volunteers in the civil defense scheme, as well as demonstrating the vital importance of physical manifestations of civil defense, such as gas masks and air raid shelters, in ensuring the success of the scheme.
By the start of World War II, many civilians had already been training in civil defense procedures for several years, learning how to put out fires, recognize bombs, warn against gas, decontaminate buildings, rescue survivors, and perform first aid. The British government had come to the conclusion, long before the threat became realized, that the civilian population was a likely target for air attacks and that measures were required to protect them. World War I (WWI) saw the first aerial attacks targeted specifically at civilians, suggesting a future where such attacks would occur more frequently and deliberately. Poison gas, used in WWI, seemed a particularly horrifying threat that presented significant problems. Civil defense was born out of this need to protect the civil population from attack by bombs or poison gas. For the next five years of war civil defense worked to maintain British morale and to protect civilian lives. This was the first real scheme of civil defense, instituted by the British government specifically for the protection of its civilian population.
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Wong, Wendy H. W. "Paul Wittgenstein in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33743/.
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Most of the existing research on Paul Wittgenstein (1887–1961) focuses on his performing career in central Europe as a left-hand pianist and his commissions from the most prominent composers of the 20th century such as Richard Strauss and Maurice Ravel, and his favourite composer, Franz Schmidt. His British performing career and the compositions Ernest Walker, Norman Demuth and Benjamin Britten composed for and dedicated to him, however, remain relatively unexplored. By examining a variety of primary sources that are disclosed here for the first time, this thesis offers the first scholarly research into Wittgenstein’s performing activities in Great Britain in the 1920s–50s and his British commissions in order to fill a major research gap in Wittgenstein studies. Chapter 1 explores Wittgenstein’s self-recognition as a member of the Viennese aristocracy and the shaping of his musical identity, conception and taste, followed by an overview of the related primary sources that are currently located in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom, a detailed summary of his performing activities in Great Britain and a discussion of the British reception of him as a left-hand pianist. Chapter 2 focuses on Walker and the three compositions he wrote for piano left-hand, two of which he composed before meeting Wittgenstein and one after, and the pianist’s attitude towards them. Chapter 3 brings to light the much-neglected composer Demuth and the two works he composed for Wittgenstein and discusses possible reasons why the pianist never performed them. Chapter 4 examines Wittgenstein’s first and only official British commission, the Diversions, Op. 21 by Britten, and investigates the interaction between composer and pianist in the compositional process and their differing conceptions of the work.
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McGarry, Paul William. "Subcultural fictions of 1990s Britain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496531.
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Andrews, Colin John. "Roman seal-boxes in Britain." Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536080.
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Kaufmann, Miranda. "Africans in Britain : 1500-1640." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.568756.
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This study of Africans in Britain 1500-1640 employs evidence from a wide range of primary sources including parish registers, tax returns, household accounts, wills and court records to challenge the dominant account, which has been overly influenced by the language of Shakespeare's Othello and other contemporary literature. I explain the international context of growing trade and increased diplomatic relations with Africa and a concomitant increased level of contact with Africans in the Atlantic world. I then explore the ways in which Africans might come to Britain. Some travelled via Europe in the entourages of royals, gentlemen or foreign merchants; some came from Africa to train as trade factors and interpreters for English merchants; large numbers arrived as a result of privateering activity in which they were captured from Spanish and Portuguese ships. Once in Britain, they were to be found in every kind of household from those of kings to seamstresses. Some were entirely independent, some poor, though few resorted to crime. They performed a wide range of skilled roles and were remunerated in the same mix of wage, reward and gifts in kind as others. They were accepted into society, into which they were baptized, married and buried. They inter-married with the local population and had children. Africans accused of fornication and men who fathered illegitimate children with African women were punished in the same way as others. The legacy of villeinage coupled with the strong rhetoric of freedom in legal and popular discourse ensured that Africans in Britain were not viewed as slaves in the eyes of the law. Neither were they treated as such. They were paid wages, married, and allowed to testify in court. Those scholars who have sought to place the origins of racial slavery in Elizabethan and early Stuart England must now look elsewhere.
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Durham, Emma. "Metal Figurines in Roman Britain." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533780.
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This thesis is a study of metal figurines in Roman Britain. These small figures mainly depict deities and animals or birds, and occasionally priests or other human subjects. They are an important example of the changed religious practice of Romanised Britons, and provide fascinating insights into the spread of technology and forms of worship. Material was collected from publications, the Portable Antiquities Scheme database and museum collections, resulting in a corpus of over 1000 figurines. Analysis focuses on four principal areas: the spatial and social distribution of figurines, figurines as an expression of Romano-British art, their role in Romano- British religion and the evidence for the regional use of figurines. My research shows that there are differences in the use and production of figurines throughout Britain. For example, Eastern deities, particularly those of the Cybele and Isis cults, are predominantly associated with urban and military populations, and there is a concentration of such objects in London and Colchester. Traditionally, high quality figurines are thought to have been imported, poorly executed pieces locally produced, and moderate pieces are identified as possibly British or Gaulish. However, my research shows that figurines such as some of the horse and riders from eastern Britain are well-executed British products which exhibit a high level of technical competence. The presence of figurines at temples and in domestic contexts shows that figurines played an important role in the religious practices of Romano-Britons. The identification of figurines dedicated to Romano- Celtic deities shows that figurines were used in the worship of local deities. I also identified the production of figurines with a particularly Romano-British style in the southwest which show not only the development of a local style utilising elements of both native Iron Age and imported Roman art, but also the adoption of classical style to depict native deities.
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Leslie, Alan F. "Roman temporary camps in Britain." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/789/.
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The thesis draws together for the first time in print a comprehensive list of Roman temporary camps in Britain, drawn from published and archival sources. This material is presented as a corpus at the end of the volume. Following the introductory chapter, which outlines the scope of the work, the history of the development of study into the subject is reviewed in detail, examining the contributions made by both terrestrial and aerial archaeologists. Thereafter the evidence provided by the classical sources is examined and an attempt is made to trace the origins and subsequent development of the Roman military camp. The issue of definition forms the subject of the next section and it is argued that greater clarity than exists at present is required to allow these sites to be adequately addressed. This leads to a statement of the current state of knowledge in the subject, with a review of the central themes and arguments, and it is proposed that the role of terrestrial archaeology, and in particular excavation, has become unfairly undervalued. To support this contention a close study of the evidence provided by excavation is undertaken, leading to a call for renewed efforts through this medium, as a means of both supplementing and complementing the information obtained through the medium of aerial reconnaissance. Three case studies are then presented, utilising the methodological approaches championed in the preceding chapter. The thesis culminates in a critique of the existing knowledge base which concludes that while healthy, the subject is capable of significant advances of knowledge, some of which may best be achieved by recourse to a more balanced approach using all applications available to the discipline.
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Dunn, James Hamilton. "The new right in Britain." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358821.
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Gardner, Carlotta. "Metalworking crucibles in Roman Britain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10056167/.
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This thesis presents the results of a systematic study of Roman period crucibles in Britain. Detailed fabric and technical analysis were carried out on crucibles, from two major case study areas, London and Hadrian’s Wall. The ceramic fabrics of the crucibles were characterised through macroscopic, microscopic, and chemical analysis. The results have revealed two distinct technological traditions that appear to correlate with site type. The first tradition identified is wheel-thrown vessels made of white firing, refractory ceramic. These crucibles often have a second layer of clay applied to the exterior surface (EOLs). These crucible types appear to predominate at large urban centres, such as London—the provincial capital of Britain. The evidence collected indicates a high degree of standardisation in the fabric and form, both across sites and over considerable time periods. In contrast, the second tradition identified, predominates at military and periphery settlements. The crucibles found in these settings are handmade and show large variation in form and, to a lesser degree, fabric. These results have been used to explore how the structure of industry varied within different socio-economic environments and identify cross-craft interactions between the metals and ceramics industry. The degree of interdependency between the two is also considered. The practice of applying a second layer of clay to crucibles has been identified as a widespread Roman practice and the impact of these layers have been investigated through a series of material tests. The results have shown that the EOL afforded the crucible protection against catastrophic failure during use at high-temperatures. These results have been used to suggest that metalworkers had an empirical understanding of their materials and tools.
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Mechen, B. D. "Everyday sex in 1970s Britain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1473885/.
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This thesis explores how public understandings of “everyday sex” - or the sexual practices and preferences deemed appropriate to “ordinary” men and women – were reshaped during the 1970s. Using the development of the Durex condom brand, the extension of the welfare state to include family planning services, and the enormous popularity of Alex Comfort’s The Joy of Sex as case studies, it draws upon a wide range of sources in order to provide a critical history of Britain’s “sexual revolution” or sexual liberalisation. Overall, it argues that liberalisation was a process limited in scope, exclusionary in form and frequently chaotic in imposition. Following work on the formation and governance (or self-governance) of the “liberal” subject, and the characterisation of modern society as the “rule of freedom”, the thesis identifies attempts to define a strictly-bounded liberal heterosexual subject as a key development of the period. This gendered (and frequently classed) subject would freely consume sexual commodities (like Durex condoms), freely use state family planning services, and freely improve his or her sexual talents. As the thesis shows, this new freedom brought with it new pressures and new expectations, but also a new hostility towards those who did not fit the mould: the liberal heterosexual subject was positioned in opposition to a range of increasingly impermissible alternatives – the single mother or the sexually unadventurous “square”, to take two examples – gaining further definition from just who he or she was not. Challenging progressive narratives of the “revolution” on another front, the thesis also demonstrates the ways in which the liberalising process was shaped and mediated by an array of actors, not all of them motivated by “progressive” goals, as well as the many instances in which change in the sexual sphere was rooted in accident and contingency as much as careful planning.
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Philpott, Robert Andrew. "Burial practices in Roman Britain." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1990. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.768498.
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Kim, Jongcheol. "Constitutionalising political parties in Britain." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1510/.
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Although Britain has developed a reasonably successful model of party democracy, there is little legal recognition of political parties in the constitutional order. My hypothesis is that the legal status of political parties relates to deep-seated political and social theories subsisting in British society. Britain's self-regulating political parties still adhere to the liberal theory of parliamentary democracy. However, there is increasing dissatisfaction with this status quo, which tends to ignore the pluralist reality. Therefore, demands are now being made for the creation of a new theory of democracy and for a range of constitutional reforms which such a theory requires. I propose to adopt a model of double democratisation which implies a refocusing of the liberal distinction between state and society. This model develops an equilibrium between state and society within a constitutional framework which can be called 'constitutionalised democratic autonomy'. I seek to argue that all agencies of power should be regulated within a constitutional framework which allows public scrutiny of the political system as a whole while affording, on the one hand, the greatest measure of freedom to civil society and, on the other, parity of autonomy to the state. The fact that political parties now play a powerful role within the state adds additional urgency to the task of reformulating the democratic agenda. In connecting a new perspective on political parties to the reformulated theory of democracy, the dual relationship of political parties to the state and civil society, i.e., their character both as a social sphere and as a political sphere, will be stressed. Based on these theoretical arguments, this dissertation critically analyses British law relating to political parties and maintains that there is a need for the legal institutionalisation of political parties. It discusses various possibilities for the constitutionalisation of political parties, which are envisaged to encourage in a balanced way inter- and intra-party democracy. This constitutionalisation will require, inter alia, (a) intra-party democracy, (b) electoral reform and (c) the juridification of the financial affairs of political parties. This dissertation concludes that the constitutionalisation of political parties is part and parcel of the modernisation of the British political system in the direction of correcting a divergence between the pluralist reality and the liberal constitutional ideal.
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Mohr, Peter Dean. "Women-run hospitals in Britain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1995. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.757064.
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Barei, Geoffrey. "Britain and Algeria, 1945-1965." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2003. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28773/.
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Algeria's achievement of independence in 1962, after a bloody war served as an inspiration to the rest of Africa still under colonial rule. As a result, many studies have been done on French colonial rule in Algeria, and the latter's resistance to it. But, these studies have not fully attempted to link the implications of French decolonisation of Algeria to British decolonisation of her African territories, hence this study attempts to fill this gap. The thesis is about Britain and the Algerian war, with particular reference to Britain in Africa. It deals with decolonisation and the "wind of change" and presents the history of North Africa in the context of Africa as a whole. From its beginning in 1954, the Algerian war has occupied a unique place in the history of decolonisation. Its repercussions for French colonial policy were followed with keen interest by the British, who like the French had a huge empire in Africa, and also had potential trouble spots of the magnitude of the Algerian quagmire. The thesis begins with a description of the post-war international situation, in which America and the Soviet Union emerged as the two super-powers, while the resources of the old imperial powers of Britain and France did not match the growing needs of government in their colonial possessions. They were put on the defensive by nationalism in Asia and Africa, supported by American anti-colonialism. The outbreak of the Cold War and the fear of communism seemed to provide them with some justification for resisting demands for independence, but made America all the more anxious for the "end of empire," to win the battle of third world "hearts and minds." The thesis investigates the extent to which British and French colonial policies had an influence on each other during the period of decolonisation. Against this background, the thesis traces the history of the war in Algeria, 1954-62, and the post-war settlement down to 1965, together with the histories of French and British decolonisation in Africa over the same period, in order to follow the history of British concern with the problem. It shows how this concern was at its height under the Macmillan government, but came down to the promotion of British business interests after the end of the war, when Algeria's internal problems and continued dependence on France reduced the fear that it would seek to cause difficulties for the colonial powers in Africa.
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Finck, William Macy Ekelund Robert B. "English Seventeenth century colonial expansion as a form of rent-seeking." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Dissertations/Finck_William_20.pdf.
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Endorf, Andrew Montgomery. "British foreign policy under Canning." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192008-091344/.
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Schreinert, Erin L. "Britain, European immigrants and the myth of the open door an examination of the racialist argument in British immigration policy 1880-1971 /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594498381&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Eger, Elizabeth. "The Nine Living Muses of Great Britain : women, reason and literary community in eighteenth-century Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272422.
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Acar, Sibel. "Intersections:architecture And Photography In Victorian Britain." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611169/index.pdf.
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Architecture and photography have always been closely interacted since the invention of photography in the late 1830s.While architecture has been captured as one of the main subjects of photography, photography has served architecture as a valuable tool of representation. Focusing on the frame defined by Victorian Britain, this study tries to capture intersecting histories between photography and architecture. Accordingly three intersections were defined: the first intersection corresponds to the simultaneous development of photography and architectural photographythe second to theinteraction between architectural photography and architectural theory/practice
and the third to the relation between architectural photography and architectural historiography.
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Cunningham, Stephen. "Child labour in Britain 1900-1973." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2000. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20035/.
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Until relatively recently, 'child labour' remained a pejorative term used primarily by historians to describe the grinding and unremitting work routines and hostile work environments to which nineteenth century children were exposed. The start of the twentieth century, though, is frequently identified as marking the emergence of a more humanitarian attitude towards children, epitomised by the increasing willingness of the state to intervene in arenas such as child welfare. Historians have cited the intensification of legislation designed to protect the child as evidence to suggest that by the turn of the nineteenth century the vast majority of children were no longer significant workers. Before the publication of Emrys Davies' government funded 1972 study, which concluded that the employment undertaken by school children was frequently arduous and harmful, such claims were taken at face value in the academic world. As a result, until recently, the labour of school children throughout the twentieth century has not been subject to adequate social research, and the experiences of working school children have been largely ignored. However, as the recent upsurge in academic and political interest in child employment illustrates, the debate over what is an effective and appropriate level of child labour regulation remains a heated political question. One of the problems, though, is that a lack of information on the period c1900-1973 is hampering our understanding of the forces and interests which have helped shape child labour policy in Britain. Hence, this thesis has two main aims. Firstly, it seeks to provide detailed empirical information on the levels and types of work performed by children. Secondly, and more importantly, it aims to deepen our appreciation of the concerns which have influenced thinking and policy on this subject in the twentieth century. It is hoped that an analysis of these two issues will help us understand the origins and nature of current debates over school child labour, and to evaluate the 'solutions' advanced by politicians and academics in the twenty-first century. The potential impact of the range of factors and interests which are traditionally seen to be present within the policy-making process, such as ideologies, political parties and pressure groups, are assessed. Particular emphasis, though, is placed on the conservative role played by civil servants within the Home Office, the government department charged with responsibility for the administration of legislation for school children's employment throughout the period under examination. The thesis concludes that of all the agents active in the policy-making process, civil servants were the most influential in shaping the approach adopted by successive governments towards the question of child labour reform. It suggests that officials were guided by a pervasive 'departmental view' of the phenomenon, a key element of which emphasised its potential for channeling the potentially 'problematic' leisure hours of working class youths into creative outlets. Finally, the thesis highlights the extent to which the ideas and beliefs which underpinned thinking on child labour regulation between 1900-1973 continue to have an enduring influence on the current policy debate.
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Wong, Marcelle. "Censorship in late nineteenth century Britain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25332.
Full textAbstract:
In his 1859 work, On Liberty, John Stuart Mill asserts that ‘[i] in our times, from the highest class of society down to the lowest, every one lives as under the eye of a hostile and dreaded censorship.’ For Mill, this censorship was implemented not by official institutions, but by social opprobrium, by a less explicit, but no less devastating public opinion. My thesis provides an account of late nineteenth century censorship that does not rely on traditional dichotomised models. These models present censorship as a Manichaean struggle between an aggressive regulatory mechanism that is more diffused and mobile than such rigid binaries suggest. I look at instances of censorship in literature, the visual arts, and other disciplinary fields, placing them in wider social, political, cultural, and intellectual contexts. I take into account recent scholarship which has challenged traditional models on theoretical grounds. These recent developments are useful for investigating particular instances of censorship, but conversely, these instances, despite their specificity, can also provide insights into, and elucidation of, the theories themselves. By moving beyond a state understanding of censorship as silencing and repression, I redress conventional assumptions about Victorian society and popular myths of a draconian regime, while also reassessing the concept of censorship itself.
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Braman, Nathan, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Caesar's invasion of Britain / Nathan Braman." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of History, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2595.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the Roman invasions of and interactions with Britain in the
mid first century BCE and early first century CE and evaluates the results. Specifically,
this paper analyzes motives and the actual military events of the invasions of Julius
Caesar in 55 and 54 BCE and evaluates their aftermath, leading up to the invasion of
Claudius in 43 CE. Caesar’s stated motive for launching the invasion was to prevent the
islanders from interfering in the new Roman order being constructed in Gaul. However,
as will be shown, Caesar’s more personal motives, in the form of a desire for wealth and
glory, played as much if not more of a role in the launching of these expeditions. In light
of these motives, the invasions can be defined, at best, as partial successes. The Romans
militarily defeated the enemy but failed to materially benefit from that victory. Caesar’s
account also leaves numerous points of scholarly debate unresolved on the surface, but a
careful examination of the evidence allows us to answer them in part. This paper provides
a thorough discussion of this interesting period as well as a look at the motives, actions,
and fortunes of the participants.
iiivi, 148 leaves ; 29 cm
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Dickson, Anne E. (Anne Elizabeth). "Judicial control of arbitration - Great Britain." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=57006.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the role of judicial control of arbitration with specific reference to the differing positions adopted in England and Scotland.Chapter I examines the historical patterns in each of these jurisdictions in relation to judicial review of arbitration, concluding that current differences are largely due to divergent economic and social conditions persisting over a substantial period of time.
Chapter II outlines the thinking behind the UNCITRAL Model Law on International and Commercial Arbitration, contrasting the theories which attract support in other States with those in favour in England and Scotland.
Chapter III examines the conclusions of the Mustill and Dervaird Committees which considered implementation of the UNCITRAL Model Law in England and Scotland respectively. It is concluded that the historical factors outlined in Chapter I continue to play an influential role, leading to the rejection of the Model Law in England and its implementation in Scotland.
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Chablo, D. "University architecture in Britain 1950-1975." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384022.
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Edwards, Steven. "Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236104.
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Gates, Christianne Deborah. "Britain, Turkey, and Cyprus, 1950-1959." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570196.
Full textAbstract:
The Cyprus problem of the 1950s was resolved not by British initiatives, but by a settlement based on an agreement between the Greek and Turkish governments. Because of this, it demonstrates not only the decline of British influence but also the rise of Third World powers in international diplomacy. Throughout the negotiations, however, the British continually underestimated the Turkish Government. Even today, the full extent of the Turkish role in the resolution of the Cyprus emergency continues to be underappreciated. This thesis, therefore, examines the Turkish role in the Cyprus question from 1950 to 1959. Like British officials at the time, it chronologically links Turkish domestic concerns, international responsibilities and Communist fears to the on-going Cyprus issue. It questions the traditional view of Turkey as a British pawn and argues that its Cypriot policy, from defending the status quo to pressing for partition and finally agreeing to independence, was not solely influenced by international events. Instead, Turkish policies toward Cyprus were based on a combination of global and domestic factors, as well as pressure from the Turkish Cypriot minority: just as British decolonization policies were influenced by external, internal, and colonial concerns. It concludes that the persistence of oriental stereotypes has concealed this similarity, leading to a misunderstanding of the Turkish attitude. The British perception of Turkish policies toward Cyprus not only reveals that the Turkish motivations have been oversimplified but also that these significantly influenced British strategies for maintaining sovereignty in Cyprus. The dependence of the United Kingdom on Turkish support in the Middle East, especially following events at Suez in 1956, allowed Turkey to seize the initiative in the negotiations. The 1959 agreement leading to Cypriot independence, therefore, was not the result of British planning but due to separate negotiations between the Greeks and Turks.
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Ferraro, Mario. "Contemporary opera in Britain, 1970-2010." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1279/.
Full textAbstract:
This study of contemporary opera in Britain considers first, the theoretical aspects of the creation of an opera, then moves to a survey of British opera companies and their productions of modern opera over the past 40 years. There follows a detailed study of three works produced in Britain during this time, all of which are of particular significance to this composer: Maxwell Davies’s The Lighthouse, Saariaho’s L’amour de loin, and Birtwistle’s The Minotaur. The final chapter concerns the production of my own opera, The Moonflower (2011). The study was informed by established theories about opera and its history; an examination of scores, libretti and programme booklets for some operas produced in Britain, 1970 – 2010; direct contact between the author and composers, co-creators, and the works themselves (including attendance at many recent operatic productions in London), and the analysis of excerpts from the three contemporary operas mentioned above, while investigation of opera companies active in the period aimed to identify some possible trends in programming. The creation and performance of the author´s own opera was the culmination of this investigation; it illuminated many of the issues raised above, concerning the process of composing, designing and staging an operatic work in the early twenty-first century.
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Bàtonyi, Gàbor. "Britain and Central Europe, 1918-1932." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4364e5ed-bbf2-44c3-8d4b-587cb14f69cc.
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This thesis is a study of British policy towards three Central European states in the wake of World War I. The aim of this thesis is to illustrate the continual British attempts to promote a union or at least economic cooperation in 'Danubia'. The first section concerns Anglo-Austrian relations. Chapter I. deals with British plans for the federalisation of the Habsburg Monarchy during the war. Chapter II. compares the Austrian policy of the British Delegation in Paris, the Foreign Office in London, and the Military Representative in Vienna. Chapter III. explains British involvement in the reconstruction of Austria. Chapter IV. traces the reasons for British disentanglement from Austrian affairs after the failed * Eastern Locarno'. The second section deals with the x special relationship' between London and Budapest. Chapter I. highlights the role of two British individuals in exploding the x Hungarian myth' in London. Chapter II. shows how the Bolshevik Revolution affected British diplomatic activities in Hungary. Chapter III. documents British involvement in the establishment of the Horthy regime. Chapter IV. analyses the impact of Anglo-French rivalry in Budapest on the whole of Central Europe. Chapter V. elaborates on British economic policy and the rehabilitation of the 'Pariah of the New Europe'. Chapter VI. illustrates the gradual cooling in Anglo-Hungarian relations. The third section concerns Czechoslovakia. Chapter I. examines the conflict between Czechophiles and Czechophobes in London. Chapter II. is an account of British efforts to prevent French domination in Prague. Chapter III. deals with the manoeuvres of Benes in London and Paris, and the cooling in Anglo-Czech relations. Chapter IV. explores the origins of British indifference towards Czechoslovakia, which resulted in the Munich crisis. The thesis concludes that Britain lost interest in Central Europe because of its failed efforts to promote reconcilation in the Danubian triangle.
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Morris, Carl. "Sounds Islamic? : Muslim music in Britain." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/49338/.
Full textAbstract:
Young Muslims in Britain are increasingly required to navigate an unsettled social, religious and cultural landscape. These complex dynamics encompass a range of factors: from sectarianism and the global marketplace of Islamic knowledge, through to the influence of diverse ethnic communities, the ubiquity of popular culture, and late-modern discourses relating to spirituality and religion. Religious practice, identity formation and social/cultural relationships are therefore a continual process of (re)negotiation, with young Muslims often adopting highly reflexive and pragmatic approaches to this uncertainty. Emerging from this turbulent context is a vibrant Muslim music culture. This thesis provides an ethnographic account of this music culture – through engagement with both musicians and fans – whilst furthermore analysing the deeper significance of Muslim cultural production in contemporary Britain. The observations and arguments throughout are based on extensive fieldwork that took place over a period of approximately two years. A number of methodological strategies were employed: these included interviewing, participant observation and various online research methodologies (including an online survey). While the ethnographic account provided in this thesis is an original and timely contribution to the study of Muslims in Britain, there are broader theoretical implications to emerge. In particular, the original concepts of ‘Islamic Music’ and ‘Islamicallyconscious music’ are developed to better understand how Muslim musicians varyingly emphasise both their individual subjectivity and a more collectivist sense of religious belonging. By examining the development of a distinct British Muslim public sphere, it will therefore be claimed that Muslim musicians are using cultural production as a vehicle to simultaneously contest, negotiate and develop ideas of Muslim practice and collectivity in contemporary Britain.
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Bluck, Robert. "The dimensions of Buddhism in Britain." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414859.
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Higson, Andrew. "Constructing a national cinema in Britain." Thesis, University of Kent, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277691.
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Bin, Leman Mohd Shafeea. "Permian productidina of Britain and Malaysia." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6293/.
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The British Permian Productidina have not been revised in detail since 1858. In the present study some 2000 specimens from 29 localities in north east of England have been collected and prepared in the laboratory and used together with museum collections. The fauna consists of four species of Strophalosia, one new species of Eostrophalosia, six species of Heteralosia (four new), three species of Craspedalosia (one new), two species of Howseia, four species of Horridonia (one new) and two species of Spinohorridonia new genus. The Strophalosiacea and Horridoniinae are divided according to a new classification produced in this research. British Permian productidinid species are often strongly variable. Some variants suggest possible sexual dimorphism while others are probably of ecological forms. The fauna as a whole is unique and exclusive to the Upper Permian Zechstein Sea. The British Permian fauna shows major radiation periods during the early EZla Ca and early EZlb Ca. In conjunction with these radiations, the Productidina become divided into two distinct assemblages, marking two biozones introduced in this thesis, the Horridonia horrida and Strophalosia excavata biozones. Little is known of the Malaysian Permian Productidina. They comprise one species each of Strophalosia, Craspedalosia, Institella, Antiquatonia, Reticulatia, Echi- noconchus, Linoproductus, Siepanoviella, Striatifera, Liosotella (with new species), Marginifera?, Paucispinifera, Retimarginifera (with new species) and Costispinifera, two species of Dictyoclostus, Waagenoconcha and Echinauris and three species of Cancrinella. Lower Permian productidinids are associated with Artinskian fusulines and show links with the South Tethyan cold water fauna. Upper Permian producti dinids contain a mixture of North Cathaysian elements and the warm South Tethyan lyttoniid fauna. Variation occurs within some of the Malaysian species, but owing to lack of material, no final deductions can be made. Similarly, although significant differences are observed in Malaysian productidinid distributions, tabulation of biostratigraphic zonation is left until more data is available.
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Maq, Mahon Ardle J. "The taberna structures of Roman Britain." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4367/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to explain how the shops (tabernae) of Roman Britain related to society. The buildings of a more humble nature, including tabernae, have been frequently overlooked at the expense of the more ornate public buildings and villas. This thesis proposes to redress this imbalance, as it is believed that retailing and manufacture were one of the most crucial features of Roman society. Varied sources have been used to aid this hypothetical reconstruction and these included the excavated archaeological remains, the extant remains from other parts of the empire and the ancient literary sources. Although these provided a wealth of information they are by themselves limited in what they can reveal about their society. Anthropological and geographical studies have proved an immensely useful tool to illuminate other aspects of society. These were approached with great circumspection and examined in relation to the archaeological evidence. Using all this information the thesis attempts to describe and explain the major factors that helped to create the form and geographical pattern of retail establishments in Roman Britain. It is argued that the tabernae were more responsive to and give a more accurate picture of the social and economic climate of Roman Britain than any other building type. It appears that the Romano-British community was well catered for in life's necessities with a wide variety of merchandise supplied by tabernae. The development of tabernae is difficult to summarise, as more than any other building type they were subject to a multitude of varied and individual circumstances, but it can be demonstrated that a thriving and competitive retailing community existed in the major settlements of Roman Britain.