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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Brightness perception'
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1
Robinson, Alan Edward. "Mechanisms of brightness perception." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3372643.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Oct. 7, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-58).
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Dey, Ashim. "Melanopsin photoreceptor contributions to brightness perception and photophobia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/205723/1/Ashim_Dey_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigated the role of rod, cone and melanopsin photoreceptors in mediating human brightness perception across the natural operating range of the eye. In scotopic illumination, brightness perception is initiated by rod signals transmitted to higher brain centres via conventional retinogeniculate and melanopsin pathways. In mesopic illumination, melanopsin photoreception begins to scale brightness perception. In photopic illumination, melanopsin and cone luminance signals combine to mediate light hypersensitivity (photophobia) in healthy controls and migraineurs. These findings advance understanding of the relative photoreceptor contributions to human vision and guide the development of lighting technologies for individuals who experience disease-related photophobia.
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Angeli, Anastasia. "Public tendencies and perception of brightness and light in Odenplan." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297649.
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This research paper is discussing light, and brightness in particular, in terms of perception, taking Odenplan as a case study.Some links between light characteristics and behaviour patterns, such as lingering, have been made, raising the discussion about the qualities of the artificial lighting that would add to convivial urban spaces at nighttime, attempting at differentiating between how people think they would behave and how they actually behave in a public square, and the impact of artificial lighting on public tendencies, suggesting if people feel comfortable and safe in the space, then they tend to perceive the space brighter. The research has shown that it is hard to draw conclusions when it comes to perceived qualities of light. Different research methods have been used with the intention of suggesting a methodology to be explored by others, including literature review, empirical study, informal interviews and word association survey.
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Gonzalez, Troncoso Xoana. "The role of corner angle in visual physiology and brightness perception." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445525/.
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How do corners of different angles affect visual physiology and brightness processing in the brain? Some visual illusions show that corners can be more salient perceptually than edges, even when their physical luminance is equivalent. Combining several techniques (computational modeling, human psychophysics, and human fMRI) we have studied the relationship between comer angle, brightness perception, and visual physiology. Our psychophysical results show that corners appear quantifiably brighter for sharp than for shallow angles, and that the perceived brightness of the comer is linearly correlated to the corner's angle. Basic linear models of center-surround receptive fields predict the main result from the psychophysical experiments (that is, that sharp corners are brighter/more salient than shallow comers). Thus our data suggest that comers start to be processed from the very first stages of the visual system. Our human fMRI experiments furthermore show that BOLD signal response to corners increases parametrically with angle sharpness in all the retinotopic areas of the visual cortex, suggesting a general principle for comer processing throughout the visual hierarchy.
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Govan, Donovan G., and n/a. "Luminance and contrast as depth cues." University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080129.112322.
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It has long been held that luminance acts as a cue for depth perception. But varying the luminance of a stimulus inevitably alters its contrast with its background. Recent research shows that contrast is a depth cue. I have distinguished two kinds of contrast, external contrast, the contrast of a stimulus with its background, and internal contrast, the contrast within the stimulus. I compared the relative apparent depth of two stimuli (both directly and indirectly; stimuli were either sine-wave filled hemifields, sine-wave filled squares, or plain squares), as their luminances and internal contrasts were varied along with the luminance of their background. I found internal and external contrast to be additive effects, whereby the stimulus with either a higher internal or external contrast appeared nearer. When the internal and external contrasts of the stimuli were equated, luminance acted as an ambiguous cue, with the lighter square appearing nearer for the majority of observers, and farther for a minority. Luminance may act as a depth cues from our experience with artificial lighting (artificial light varies ambiguously with depth). Contrast may act as a depth cue from its usual association with the reduction of contrast of objects with distance through the atmosphere. I conclude that luminance and contrast are independent depth-cues that are caused by two different mechanisms.
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Keil, Matthias Sven [Verfasser]. "Neural architectures for unifying brightness perception and image processing / Matthias Sven Keil." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Informatik, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1015354807/34.
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Dahl, Howard Stewart. "Comparison of spatial contrast sensitivity between younger and older observers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25373.
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Contrast sensitivity to vertically oriented grating patterns with a sinusoidal luminance profile were examined between groups of observers varying either in gender or age. For each observer at each of the seven spatial frequencies tested (.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 7.5, 10, 15 cyc/deg) threshold values were calculated for either ascending or descending trials as well as a combination of both. These threshold values were numerically transformed into sensitivity values and contributed to a group mean contrast sensitivity score for each spatial frequency. No significant effect of gender was found but younger observers (mean age=22.6 yrs.) exhibited significantly better contrast sensitivity than the older aged group (mean age=66.2 yrs.) for ascending trials at 3, 1.5 and .75 cyc/deg--the lowest spatial frequencies tested. Contrast sensitivity was also correlated with various measures.
These findings were discussed in relation to the existing literature on age and spatial contrast sensitivity and since the machine used to examine the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in this study utilized a laser interferometric method of stimulus generation, possible neurological changes with aging to explain this noted loss were also considered. Also discussed were various parameters that effect the CSF with a view toward explaining the disparate findings of various existing studies of age and the CSF.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Hone, Geoffrey Noel. "Brightness and contrast as cues to depth in the simulator display : cue combination and conflict resolution." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842731/.
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When computer generated images are used for real-time display in simulator applications, much of the fine detail available from the natural world, or even from video-film, is not available to an observer. This lack of detail leads to a reduction in the number of sources of depth information (cues to depth) that are available to specify the layout of the displayed scene. Amongst the cues normally available are luminance gradients and luminance contrast gradients, each deriving from luminance differences between components of the displayed scene; however, in computer generated images, these two cues do not always conform to the intended natural world image, and can offer conflicting information. While not referring explicitly to luminance gradients, Ames (1949) demonstrated that the brighter of two otherwise identical objects would appear nearer; his Demonstration 18 offering a negative luminance gradient similar to that arising in the natural world from atmospheric perspective. Similarly, Ross (1967, 1993) and O'Shea, Blackburn and Ono (1994) have shown a similar effect to Ames (1949), but with higher contrast replacing increased brightness, which they liken to the negative luminance contrast gradients that are also available in the natural world due to atmospheric perspective. The luminance gradient, and luminance contrast gradient cues are generally in accord when the scene background is light, but are in conflict where the background is dark. The experiments reported here show that either gradient can function as a cue to depth, and hence to the spatial layout of a depicted scene, and that conflicts between them are resolved in a way that takes into account the amount and type of other depth information available to an observer. Such a form of conflict resolution and cue combination is in accord with the separate items of depth information being processed either partly or wholly in parallel, so that the strength of each cue is determined by reference to the other available cues. When applied to simulators using computer generated images, these results suggest that both users, and scenario designers, require an awareness of the possible effect of a change to any item of depth information, and in particular to depth information that has its origin in luminance differences between objects in the depicted scene.
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Gnyawali, Subodh. "Melanopsin cell contributions to visual perception and decision making in humans." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/231544/1/Subodh_Gnyawali_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigates the visual processes mediated via the fifth and most sparsely represented photoreceptor class in the human eye; melanopsin ganglion cells. It was determined that melanopsin-directed lighting increases the contrast sensitivity of the canonical cone pathway to enhance the perception of brightness. The melanopsin pathway also transmits visual information independently of rod and cone mediated vision. During decision making, its activation produces a signature biphasic pupil dilation. These outcomes inform the development of new energy-efficient lighting spectrums designed to modulate the effects of light on mood and cognition mediated via the melanopsin pathway.
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Ulander, Voltaire Gabriel, and Carl Liljedahl. "Effektiviteten av färg kontra storlek på cirklar för att kommunicera styrka i tangentryckningar i spelmiljöer." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209649.
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Denna studie har gått ut på att studera hur färg och storlek på cirklar påverkar hur hårt man trycker på tangenter i olika spelversioner. Vi har skapat tre versioner av ett spel där användaren skulle översätta cirklars utseende genom att trycka olika hårt på tangenter. Samtliga versioner av spelet baserades på fallande cyanfärgade cirklar ivertikalled. Den fallordning cirklarna föll enligt, hade alla versioner gemensamt. Skillnaden för versionerna var att cirklarna uttrycktes olika i färgton och storlek. Vi ansåg att en studie kring hur användare interagerade genom olika kombinationer av färgton och storlek kunde bidra till hur man väljer att bygga upp grafiska objekt i datorspel. Denna studie baserades på bland annat experiment inom perceptions-, färg- och ljusteori samt hur former fungerar som informationsbärare. Resultaten från undersökningen visade på att ha flera föränderliga grafiska komponenter gav oftast bäst träffsäkerhet i styrka utifrån spelet. Trots det så hade de andra versionerna vissa delresultat som var avsevärt bättre än versionen med fler föränderliga grafiska komponenter. Resultaten från undersökningen visade även på att deltagarna antog sig veta vilket grafiskt gränssnitt som passade dem bra och mindre bra, men hur de egentligen presterade motbevisade det. Utifrån detta drog vi slutsatsen att effektiviteten att kommunicera en fysisk storhet var olika beroende på person, men att det mest pålitliga alternativet tenderade att vara en kombination av de båda föränderliga komponenterna.
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Vatan, Şahika. "Development of a legibility model and PC software to predict the legibility of text on trafic [sic] traffic signs for high luminance and contrast conditions." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175712386.
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Sedlák, Jaroslav. "VYBRANÉ PROBLÉMY ZNALECKÉ ANALÝZY SPATŘENÍ CHODCŮ ŘIDIČEM VOZIDLA ZA VIDITELNOSTI SNÍŽENÉ TMOU." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234305.
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The dissertation is focused on the problematic of the driver´s ability to see pedestrians in the conditions of driving at night. The first part tells the current view of these problematic, terms are defined: the outlook and the range of vision to see the obstacle. This part also describes various effects that are affecting the driver´s ability to see pedestrians while driving at night. Out of all mentioned effects, this project mainly focuses on two parameters – how is the driver´s ability to see a pedestrian affected by his obsolence and developing visual handicap. During the research, high number of respondents of wide range of age and various vision quality were present and attended the experiment. This project proposes a methodology of comparasion of those two parameters mentioned above. The main condition which must have been held was to create absolutelly identical conditions of the experiment used by wide range of respondetns. The best way how to possibly achive the best results is by using a video scene on the PC monitor. Two sets of photographies were made while preparing the experiment (2 various sets of clothes for the pedestrian) and these sets were sorted by using the Microsoft Office Power Point program. This made a simulation of a vehicle approaching a pedestrian at night. The measurement was attended by a large number of respondents who were divided into a total of nine categories, according to age and extent of ocular defects. The dissertation is a methodology for evaluating the measurements, determination of contrast and angular size of the watched object (pedestrian) using the scene on the PC monitor. At the end of the experiment is an evaluation of the measurements and put comments on the results obtained. This project proposses a method for the early detection of the driver´s perception when sighting barriers (pedestrian) using the electrophysiological examination method – the electroretinography (ERG). In this dissertation,the initial measurements were carried out using this method, when during the measurement was unfortunately found that the sensitivity of the method does not allow resolution changes of the electrical potential for so little intense stimuli such as the sight of pedestrians at the edge of the road. But it is not excluded that in the future the further development of the ophthalmological diagnostic method will increase the sensitivity so it will allow to spot the objective moment of registration the obstacle by the viusal organ
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Hansen, Thorsten [Verfasser]. "A neural model of early vision: contrast, contours, corners and surfaces : contributions toward an integrative architecture of form and brightness perception / Thorsten Hansen." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Informatik, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1015354785/34.
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Ivkovic, Goran. "An Algorithm for Image Quality Assessment." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000049.
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Smith, Yvonne Joy. "Brightness Under Our Shoes: the Redress of the Poetic Imagination in the Poetry and Prose of David Malouf, 1960-1982." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5139.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)This study investigates the poetic foundation of David Malouf’s poetry and prose published from 1960 to 1982. Its purpose is to extend reading strategies so that the nature of his poetic and its formative influence are more fully appreciated. Its thesis is that Malouf explores and tests with increasing confidence and daring a poetic imagination that he believes must meet the demands of the times. Malouf’s work is placed in relation to Wallace Stevens’ belief that the poetic imagination should “push back against the pressure of reality”, a view discussed by Seamus Heaney in “The Redress of Poetry”. The surprise of the poetic as “unpredicted aesthetic value” (García-Berrio, 1989) is significant to his purposes and techniques, as it creates idea-images and feeling-values (Jung, 1921) that bring together apparently opposite ways of knowing the world. In seeking to represent the meeting of inner and outer perceptions, Malouf’s work shows the influence not only of Stevens but also Rilke and contemporary American poetry of “deep image”. The Australian context of Malouf’s work is considered in relation to Judith Wright’s essay “The Writer and the Crisis” and the poetry of Malouf’s contemporaries. Details of the manuscript development of his first four novels show Malouf’s steps towards a clearer representation of his holistic, post-romantic vision. His correspondence with the poet Judith Rodriguez provides useful insights into his purposes. Theories and research about brain functions, the nature of intelligence and learning provide an important international context in the 1960s and 1970s, given Malouf’s interest in how meaning forms from perception and experience. Jean Piaget’s view of intelligence and David Kolb’s theory of experiential learning (1984) offer frameworks for reading Malouf that have not yet been considered. The thesis offers a model of poetic learning that highlights the interplay of dialectically opposed ways of forming meaning and points to the importance for Malouf of holding diverse states of mind together through the poetic imaginary.
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Smith, Yvonne Joy. "Brightness Under Our Shoes: the Redress of the Poetic Imagination in the Poetry and Prose of David Malouf, 1960-1982." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5139.
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This study investigates the poetic foundation of David Malouf’s poetry and prose published from 1960 to 1982. Its purpose is to extend reading strategies so that the nature of his poetic and its formative influence are more fully appreciated. Its thesis is that Malouf explores and tests with increasing confidence and daring a poetic imagination that he believes must meet the demands of the times. Malouf’s work is placed in relation to Wallace Stevens’ belief that the poetic imagination should “push back against the pressure of reality”, a view discussed by Seamus Heaney in “The Redress of Poetry”. The surprise of the poetic as “unpredicted aesthetic value” (García-Berrio, 1989) is significant to his purposes and techniques, as it creates idea-images and feeling-values (Jung, 1921) that bring together apparently opposite ways of knowing the world. In seeking to represent the meeting of inner and outer perceptions, Malouf’s work shows the influence not only of Stevens but also Rilke and contemporary American poetry of “deep image”. The Australian context of Malouf’s work is considered in relation to Judith Wright’s essay “The Writer and the Crisis” and the poetry of Malouf’s contemporaries. Details of the manuscript development of his first four novels show Malouf’s steps towards a clearer representation of his holistic, post-romantic vision. His correspondence with the poet Judith Rodriguez provides useful insights into his purposes. Theories and research about brain functions, the nature of intelligence and learning provide an important international context in the 1960s and 1970s, given Malouf’s interest in how meaning forms from perception and experience. Jean Piaget’s view of intelligence and David Kolb’s theory of experiential learning (1984) offer frameworks for reading Malouf that have not yet been considered. The thesis offers a model of poetic learning that highlights the interplay of dialectically opposed ways of forming meaning and points to the importance for Malouf of holding diverse states of mind together through the poetic imaginary.
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Slomp, Marcos Paulo Berteli. "Real-time photographic local tone reproduction using summed-area tables." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/34766.
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A síntese de imagens com alta faixa dinâmica é uma prática cada vez mais comum em computação gráfica. O desafio consiste em relacionar o grande conjunto de intensidades da imagem sintetizada com um sub-conjunto muito inferior suportado por um dispositivo de exibição, evitando a perda de detalhes contrastivos. Os operadores locais de reprodução de tons (local tone-mapping operators) são capazes de realizar tal compressão, adaptando o nível de luminância de cada pixel com respeito à sua vizinhança. Embora produzam resultados significativamente superiores aos operadores globais, o custo computacional é consideravelmente maior, o que vem impedindo sua utilização em aplicações em tempo real. Este trabalho apresenta uma técnica para aproximar o operador fotográfico local de reprodução de tons. Todas as etapas da técnica são implementadas em GPU, adequando-se ao cenário de aplicações em tempo real, sendo significativamente mais rápida que implementações existentes e produzindo resultados semelhantes. A abordagem é baseada no uso de tabelas de áreas acumuladas (summed-area tables) para acelerar a convolução das vizinhanças, usando filtros da média (box-filter), proporcionando uma solução elegante para aplicações que utilizam imagens em alta faixa dinâmica e que necessitam de performance sem comprometer a qualidade da imagem sintetizada. Uma investigação sobre algoritmos para a geração de somatórios pré-fixados (prefix sum) e uma possível melhoria para um deles também são apresentada.High dynamic range (HDR) rendering is becoming an increasingly popular technique in computer graphics. Its challenge consists on mapping the resulting images’ large range of intensities to the much narrower ones of the display devices in a way that preserves contrastive details. Local tone-mapping operators effectively perform the required compression by adapting the luminance level of each pixel with respect to its neighborhood. While they generate significantly better results when compared to global operators, their computational costs are considerably higher, thus preventing their use in real-time applications. This work presents a real-time technique for approximating the photographic local tone reproduction that runs entirely on the GPU and is significantly faster than existing implementations that produce similar results. Our approach is based on the use of summed-area tables for accelerating the convolution of the local neighborhoods with a box filter and provides an attractive solution for HDR rendering applications that require high performance without compromising image quality. A survey of prefix sum algorithms and possible improvements are also presented.
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Sinha, Pawan, and Antonio Torralba. "Role of Low-level Mechanisms in Brightness Perception." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7237.
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Brightness judgments are a key part of the primate brain's visual analysis of the environment. There is general consensus that the perceived brightness of an image region is based not only on its actual luminance, but also on the photometric structure of its neighborhood. However, it is unclear precisely how a region's context influences its perceived brightness. Recent research has suggested that brightness estimation may be based on a sophisticated analysis of scene layout in terms of transparency, illumination and shadows. This work has called into question the role of low-level mechanisms, such as lateral inhibition, as explanations for brightness phenomena. Here we describe experiments with displays for which low-level and high-level analyses make qualitatively different predictions, and with which we can quantitatively assess the trade-offs between low-level and high-level factors. We find that brightness percepts in these displays are governed by low-level stimulus properties, even when these percepts are inconsistent with higher-level interpretations of scene layout. These results point to the important role of low-level mechanisms in determining brightness percepts.
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王中和. "The Effects of Brightness Illusion on the Projecting Luminance Perception." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13729247030321401352.
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碩士明新科技大學
工程管理研究所
94
Since the display projecting industry is one of the important industries for the economic development of our country during recent years, more basic research related to projecting efficiency and brightness perception are needed. The present study indicated the viewing conditions for printed matters and projected images are quite different and proposed that the brightness perception phenomenon and brightness perception theory based on the printed matters should be revised and modified. The experimental method was used to examine the effects of brightness illusions while viewing the projected images, to understand the brightness perception process in projection environment, and thus to achieve the better usage of the projectors. Major results of this study are listed as below： (1) Investigation the brightness perception differences between printed matters and projected images, (2) Suggestion of a relatively better brightness level for projecting, (3) Verification the effects of transformation organizational structure on brightness perception, (4) Comparisons of the brightness perception differences between central and background projecting areas, (5) Generation of the design suggestions and guidelines for the projected images and their background. Keywords：Projecting environment, Brightness perception, Brightness illusio
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Chen, Yu-Wei, and 陳育偉. "A Study of the effect of area perception under brightness contrast condition." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69073224327345042441.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士班
94
This study has two experiments. In order to understand whether there is any relation between colors and shapes, the main purpose of the first experiment is to explore whether there will be an impact on the accuracy of area perception of geometric figure size if it is in a condition of the same contrast of brightness with six different colors. In this study each time two figures with same color and shape appeared on the LCD display. We adopted the method of limits to carry on the experiment. There is a standard figure on the right and a test figure on the left. The operator adjusted the left figure size and recorded the data. A total of twenty university students served as subjects participating the experiment. The side size of the standard figure is 200 pixel. The operator adjusted 1 pixel each time until the test figure looked the same in size as the standard figure. After finishing all experiments, through statistical analysis, explore the effect of area perception of color contrast. The purpose of second experiment aims to explore whether the same shape influence the accuracy of the area perception under different dimension conditions or not. This study obtains the conclusion as follows: (1) The difference of area perception between colors under the simultaneous contrast conditions is not significant, but the average absolute difference threshold: Yellow > Green-blue > Purple > Red > Blue > Green. (2) The geometric figure will influence the accuracy of the area perception. The average absolute difference threshold: Equilateral triangle > Circle > Square. (3) Different experiment orders will influence the judgement accuracy of the area perception. The perceptual area of ascending stimulus series is smaller than that of descending stimulus. (4) Significant difference exsisted among the figure dimension. The result demonstrated that the smaller size of the standard figure it is, the greater of absolute difference for the average of the measure of area would be. In contrast, the bigger size of the standard figure it is, the littler of absolute difference for the average of the measure of area would be. Finally this study will build a predict model of figure dimension and difference threshold.
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涂維妮. "Research on the design and application of interactive computer games:a case study of elementary scholl children's perceptions of color brightness and color saturation." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25310065029202153004.
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