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Chambers, Danielle Elizabeth. "BRIEF INTERVENTION TO ADDRESS BEHAVIORAL DISORDERED SLEEP: EXAMINING FACTORS RELATED TO INTERVENTION EFFICACY." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1953.
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Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in children and adolescents, affecting approximately 25-40% of this population. Questions about sleep are among the most frequent concerns that parents raise to their child’s pediatric medical provider. Behavioral treatments are the empirically supported treatments for addressing behavioral disordered sleep, and pediatric medical providers often endorse using such strategies. However, given the time constraints of primary care visits, such strategies are delivered in a very brief format. Whether or not these recommendations result in a change in the child’s disordered sleep symptoms has not been explored. Further, it is likely that this brief recommendation format is effective for some patients but not others. For example, children with comorbid neurodevelopmental conditions, severe sleep problems, and anxiety are less likely to respond to brief sleep interventions, and, therefore, may require a more comprehensive, time-intensive behavioral intervention. The current study aimed to explore factors related to the efficacy of a brief behavioral intervention provided via telehealth. Thirteen parents completed all portions of the study. Three were parents of children between the ages of 8 to 15 years and 10 were parents of children between the ages of 4 to 7 years (M = 6.8; SD = 2.7). All parents identified as White mothers. All children were also identified as White with 38.5% being female. Due to small sample size, quantitative analyses were not appropriate, so a qualitative examination of the data was conducted to explore relationships among participant demographics, sleep hygiene behaviors, sleep knowledge, sleep symptom severity, anxiety symptoms, and effects of the intervention. Results indicated that 37.50% of parents accurately assessed whether their child had problematic sleep. Minor variations in sleep knowledge were observed between parents who accurately identified their child’s sleep problems and those who did not (7.67 and 6.40 out of 10, respectively). Overall, participants had an average initial sleep knowledge score of 6.68, an average follow up sleep knowledge score of 7.31, and an average change in knowledge score of 0.62. Regarding effects of the intervention on sleep symptom severity, the average initial sleep symptom severity score was 50.25, the average follow up sleep severity score was 48.77, and the average change in sleep severity score was -2.00. An examination of sleep hygiene characteristics highlighted that while 81.25% of participants endorsed having a bedtime routine, almost 70% reported that the routine included an electronic device. Differences in initial sleep symptom severity and sleep knowledge scores were noted between participants who did and did not include electronic devices in their bedtime routines. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed further. Differences in intervention efficacy between participants with and without ADHD was also examined, but differences were not apparent. Intervention acceptability and feasibility were also examined. The current study demonstrated that the intervention was feasible to deliver for most participants within 10 minutes and, therefore, would be conducive to a primary care setting. Additionally, parents reported high levels of satisfaction with the content, understandability, and comprehensiveness of the treatment, which is encouraging for parents’ willingness to utilize the intervention if it was available to them. This study acted as an important initial step to determining the feasibility and acceptability of a brief behavioral sleep intervention. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
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Martin, Greg Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Brief intervention for cannabis use among young people." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Public Health & Community Medicine, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40437.
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The overall aims of the current thesis were to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a brief motivational and cognitive-behavioural intervention in reducing cannabis use and cannabis related problems among Australian adolescent cannabis users: the Adolescent Cannabis Check-up. In addition it was intended to develop and psychometrically assess instruments to measure cannabis problems and cannabis dependence among adolescent cannabis users. The thesis is presented as a series of four related studies. Study 1 consists of an uncontrolled feasibility study of a brief (2-3 session) motivational intervention designed for adolescent cannabis users. Included in the intervention model was a separate session for concerned parents. The data analysis for this study was conducted in a pre-test post-test design and demonstrated that participation in the intervention was associated with improved outcomes. The intervention was shown to be feasible and acceptable to participants. Study 2 comprises an assessment of the psychometric performance of the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) in a population of adolescent cannabis users. Study 3 describes the development and psychometric testing of a novel assessment instrument designed to measure cannabis-related problems (other than dependence) among young people. Finally, Study 4 is a randomised controlled trial of the Adolescent Cannabis Check-up intervention, which builds on the feasibility study and incorporates the assessment instruments that were evaluated as valid and reliable in Studies 2 and 3. As hypothesised, significandy greater reductions in cannabis use and symptoms of cannabis dependence were found in the intervention group compared with the delayed treatment control group, which provides evidence for the efficacy of the intervention. The study presents a unique contribution to the intervention literature and demonstrates the potential to reduce the harms associated with cannabis use among young people.
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Eggleston, Angela Meade. "Components analysis of a brief intervention for college drinkers." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1187360527.
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Rollnick, Stephen. "Brief intervention for excessive drinkers in a medical setting." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367933.
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Lock, Catherine Ann. "Screening and brief alcohol intervention in primary health care." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1581.
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Alcohol is a major cause of social, health and economic problems in the United Kingdom. Thus reduction in excessive drinking was one of the targets included in the White Paper, "Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation" and is the subject of a National Harm Reduction Strategy. However alcohol problems are responsive to brief intervention (5-10 minutes of structured advice accompanied by written material). A number of randomised controlled trials have shown that, in comparison with controls, excessive drinkers receiving brief advice will reduce their alcohol consumption by around 25%. General practice is a particularly valuable point of contact for the delivery of brief intervention for excessive alcohol use because of the large proportion (70%) of the population who access their general practice each year. Excessive drinkers present twice as often as other patients and may constitute 20% of patients on a practice list. However, the potential of both General Practitioners and primary health care nurses to reduce the prevalence of alcohol related problems contrasts sharply with current practice. This Doctorate of Philosophy by published work is based on a programme of research, using the principles of social marketing, to disseminate and implement screening and brief alcohol intervention in primary health care. The submission includes a series of papers, published in a variety of peer-reviewed journals. Although the papers included in this thesis address different research questions and report a range of research techniques each makes a contribution to the field of screening and brief alcohol intervention. Publications reveal that General Practitioners remain unaware of the evidence for screening and brief alcohol intervention. While effective dissemination and implementation strategies are available, General Practitioners exhibit selective provision of screening and brief alcohol intervention. This is also the case for primary health care nurses. Although health professionals often cite negative patient reactions, patients consider screening and brief alcohol intervention appropriate when carried out under suitable conditions.
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Mock, D. Jim. "The Process of Couples' Experiences in a Brief Intervention." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2187.
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Though distress in couple relationships is common, many partners are resistant to formal interventions (e.g., couple therapy; couple and relationship education) due to time constraints, financial costs, and stigma. The relationship checkup offers a new alternative developed to address these concerns, but the limited research of this format warrants additional exploration. This study presents findings from qualitative research of couples’ and their clinicians’ experience with this format. Using a convenience sample, ten couples were recruited along with the six clinicians who administered the intervention. Partners were interviewed together and their clinicians individually using a semi-structured interview. Using a phenomenological approach, each interview was then analyzed and coded to explore couple process in the intervention. Prevalent themes that epitomized couples’ experience as identified by the couples include couple motivation, therapeutic environment, internal and external change, and program response. Themes that emerged among clinicians included couple characteristics, couple motivation, therapeutic relationship, and therapeutic change. Themes between couples and clinicians were compared, and considerable agreement was found between participant and clinician themes. These themes indicate that the intervention was successful in a number of ways, including facilitating change in couple relationships, attracting couples in various states of distress, allowing couples to overcome the typical obstacles to treatment, while fostering a more positive attitude towards future treatment. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Richards, Spencer M. "Lifestyle Intervention in Emerging Adulthood: A Brief Acceptance-based Behavioral Intervention with Young Adults." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4419.
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Across the U.S., obesity and overweight represent a rapidly growing public health concern that have been associated with expensive and debilitating outcomes such as depression, cancers, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and significant disruption in quality of life, in addition to the tremendous public health costs. The current study examined a brief, randomized-controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with overweight and obese young adults.
The results of this study hold important implications for future research in the utility of ACT to address overweight- and obesity-related lifestyle change. While the study was limited due to small sample size, it nevertheless suggested that weight-related psychological flexibility is an important construct to address and target in the treatment of overweight and obesity. It may be an effective means of decreasing emotional eating and improving a sense of control while eating. The findings support previous research supporting ACT as an empirically supported intervention for improving the quality of life of adults struggling with overweight and obesity. Results from this study are encouraging and support the utility of ACT, even in brief format, to possibly improve the lives of overweight and obese young adults.
Study participants were randomly assigned to a 4-week experimental ACT group or an information control group, which received psychoeducational materials regarding lifestyle behaviors recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The results of the current study broadly showed that the experimental intervention was effective at improving weight-related psychological flexibility, which was also associated with reductions in emotionally avoidant eating and uncontrolled eating. In addition, the study showed relationships between improvements in psychological flexibility and eating process variables.
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Donahue, Patricia A. "Efficacy study of brief Morita therapy intervention with shy adolescents." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28035.
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The study examines the change effect of brief Morita counseling, based on Morita therapy, as an intervention with shy adolescent females (n = 12). The design used was a multiple-baseline across subjects with a time lag for treatment intervention. Subjects were selected from the mainstream student body at a Vancouver secondary school following screening with the Cheek and Buss (1981) Shyness Scale used in identifying shyness in individuals. Eligible students were randomly assigned to one of three groups each consisting of four subjects. The intervention consisted of 4 - 45 minute instructional-type group counseling sessions conducted over a 4-week period. Repeated measures were administered bi-weekly throughout the study period of 14 weeks. Clearly noticable changes in the positive direction occurred for the majority of subjects on almost all sub-scales. Subjects in the post-intervention phase reported greater coping effectiveness in their target situations, greater acceptance of their shy nature, less intensity of, and disturbance by anxious feelings and less difficulty in taking desired action despite anxiety. Behavioral counts taken pre- and post-intervention also support the positive change findings. Implications for further research are discussed.Education, Faculty of
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McQueen, Jean M. "Alcohol brief intervention in general hospital : a mixed methods study." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658614.
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Introduction Alcohol brief interventions (ABI) are an area of focus for policymakers and clinicians alike. ABI's role and effectiveness in primary care has been well documented and researched, whereas its place within general hospital is less established. In addition to the lack of definitive evidence of effectiveness within general hospital, little research has focused on the participants' views on alcohol, ABI and the barriers and enablers to change. Methods This thesis begins with a systematic review featuring a meta-analysis of ABI in general hospital. It then describes a mixed methods study combining a randomised controlled trial with qualitative research. This captures quantitative data, assessing changes in alcohol consumption following ABI, together with semi-structured interviews exploring participants' views on alcohol, ABI and the barriers and enablers to change. A total of 124 participants identified from a screening test as hazardous/harmful drinkers were randomly allocated to receive an ABI or usual hospital care. Of these, 87 (70%) completed the follow up assessment approximately six months after enrolment, and a sub-group of ten participants from the intervention group took part in individual semi-structured telephone interviews.
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Mayhew-Purcell, Laura Lynn. "Effects of a Brief Relaxation Intervention on Stress-Related Eating." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5739.
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The experience of stress may contribute to increased food consumption and selection of unhealthy food options. Resource depletion theory suggests stress temporarily depletes resources needed to regulate behavior. Depletions of self-control may result in subsequent failure to regulate eating behaviors, which is particularly salient in restrained eaters. Restraint theory posits people high in dietary restraint require significant effort to control eating. Emotional eating theory further suggests palatable foods may be used to regulate emotional stress reactions. Relaxation exercises to mitigate stress reactions are recommended in eating and weight management programs, but lack quality scientific support. The current study examined the efficacy of a brief relaxation intervention on stress-related eating in a sample of at-risk women. Self-regulatory resources and affect were tested as mechanisms of action. A sample of 139 women high in dietary restraint completed a stress-task and were subsequently randomized to a relaxation intervention or control group. Participants were presented with foods varied on taste and fat content. Affect, subjective relaxation, and self-regulatory resources were measured at baseline, pre-, and post-intervention. Participation in a relaxation intervention resulted in significantly less food consumption (p < .05), with a trend toward lower consumption of sweet food (p = .05), compared to controls. Multiple mediator models examining proposed indirect effects of group on eating outcomes were not supported, with the exception of change in subjective relaxation as a significant indirect effect for high-fat food consumption. This study is the first to provide experimental evidence of the efficacy of relaxation in mitigating the effects of stress on eating. Limitations, implications, and future research directions are discussed.
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Al, Ghalib Lila Jaber. "Intervention to alleviate shyness : social skills training and brief counselling." Thesis, University of Hull, 2002. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3547.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a Social Skills Training programme (based on Bandura's social learning theory) and Brief Counselling (using Egan model) to alleviate shyness.The aetiology of shyness is examined together with its relationship to other constructs such as social anxiety and social phobia. For many, shyness is a major social problem. This is particularly true of female university students in Saudi Arabia. This was confirmed by the survey in a sample of 1000 female students, and by the development of a standardised (Arabic) shyness scale, which was given to another sample of 706.From this population a sample of 80 (scoring 1 sd above mean) were divided into 6 groups who received either (i) Social Skills Training (two groups), (ii) Brief Counselling, (iii) Study Skills Training, and (iv) No training (waiting list control, two groups). Both the Social Skills and Brief Counselling were effective in reducing shyness although there was a similar beneficial effect for study skills. However in a 6- week follow-up test the Social Skills training and Brief Counselling groups showed that significant gains had been made and maintained in comparison with both controls. While overall Social Skills Training is more effective and economic, an intervention involving both Social Skills Training and Brief Counselling is recommended. The study demonstrated that severe shyness can be alleviated by short-term intervention.
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Bitter, James, and Bill Nicoll. "The Relationship – Intervention Continuum: Two Approaches to Adlerian Brief Therapy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6119.
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Siyaguna, Tharaki. "Does a Brief Mindfulness Intervention Improve Distress Tolerance among Athletes?" Diss., North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29875.
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Trait mindfulness has been found to be a beneficial characteristic of athletes. However, the research on mindfulness interventions has been limited, poorly described, and poorly designed. The current study sought to determine whether a brief mindfulness intervention improves distress tolerance among athletes. In addition, this experiment tested the impact of cultivating mindfulness on psychological variables that may be important for sport such as anxiety, happiness and capacity for stress. Athletes were randomly assigned to one of the three intervention conditions (brief mindfulness, sham mindfulness and no-intervention control). All participants completed distress tolerance measures, a motor performance measure under distressing conditions, and self-reported psychological measures. These measures were administered at pre- and post-intervention. Results indicated that the brief mindfulness intervention did not result in significant improvements in the primary outcome variables, in comparison to the sham mindfulness and no-intervention control groups. Strengths and limitations of the study, as well as future directions are provided.
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Wagley, James Nile. "Efficacy of a Brief Intervention for Insomnia Among Psychiatric Outpatients." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1826.
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Psychiatric patients are particularly affected by symptoms of insomnia. Because insomnia is often secondary to other conditions and was once thought to be less treatable, this condition has received little attention in terms of treatment and research. Additionally, psychiatric patients have typically fewer resources to seek treatment. Generally, insomnia is treated with medications that may have biological side effects and offer little restorative sleep. Behavioral or cognitive interventions have often been overlooked. This experiment uses profile analysis to test the hypothesis that psychiatric outpatients randomized to a treatment group would have decreased levels of sleep difficulties (measured by PSQI) when levels of depression (measured by PHQ-9) were held constant compared to participants in a control/wait group. Also, it was hypothesized that levels of depression would decrease in the treatment group when initial levels of sleep difficulties were held constant compared to participants in a wait group. Levels of sleep difficulty were found to be significantly lower in the treatment group than the wait group at post and follow up. Levels of depression were found to be significantly lower in the treatment group than in the wait group at post and follow up. The treatment group received one, 50-minute, individual therapy session that addressed sleep hygiene, stimulus control and sleep restriction activities and also received an additional telephone session two weeks later. These findings suggest that providing behavioral and cognitive interventions may be a feasible alternative to using pharmacological interventions as a first-line treatment for insomnia.
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Erdner, Kevin. "THE EFFECTS OF A BRIEF MINDFULNESS INTERVENTION ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2282.
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An increasing number of publications from a variety of human service fields have sought to utilize mindfulness meditation as a means to reduce psychological distress and increase positive psychological outlooks. These studies typically involve mindfulness training and typically last anywhere from 4 hours to 8 weeks. To date, no published research has established the minimal amount of time for effective outcomes to benefit from mindfulness exposure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether brief exposure to mindfulness training before a discrete event can lead to positive outcomes in that event and increased mindfulness in a group of university students. A group of 26 undergraduate and graduate students in two different classes were exposed to either a control task (listening to music) or a mindfulness intervention just prior to taking a quiz. The session lasted no more than 30 minutes and the mindfulness intervention itself was timed to not exceed 15 minutes. Visual inspection of the data yielded some positive outcomes in terms of increased performing on a quiz in comparison to quiz grades the week before. Statistical analysis suggested that these outcomes were not statistically significant. This study adds to the research on mindfulness as an intervention for positive outcomes. Implications for future research on practical benefits of mindfulness were discussed.
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Bard, Rachel. "Brief alcohol intervention in mental health services : feasibility for older adults." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28253.
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Older people are at an increased risk of experiencing harmful effects from alcohol, particularly in conjunction with physical and mental health difficulties. Brief Alcohol Interventions (BI) aim to raise awareness of potential difficulties and enhance motivation to change drinking behaviour. There is a robust evidence base for using BI with adults drinking at hazardous/harmful levels. However, limited attention has been paid to how alcohol screening and BI can apply to older adult populations. The systematic review examined the literature investigating the effectiveness of using BI with older adults in primary care and the quality of the evidence evaluated. Although variation in the delivery of the BI and sampled populations was evident, evidence suggested that BI can be effective in reducing alcohol consumption for older adults, but less effective for those drinking at heavier levels. However, the literature was found to be limited in quality and number and using BI with older people or within secondary care remains under researched. A feasibility study of using alcohol screening and BI in mental health services for older people was developed. Community Psychiatric Nurses’ (CPNs) experiences of trialling the BI and attitudes towards addressing alcohol use with older people were explored through qualitative interviews, along with perceived barriers and facilitators for implementation. Challenges in undertaking research with older adults were highlighted and no hazardous drinkers identified to complete the BI. An overarching theme of anxiety about addressing alcohol and a lack of confidence in being able to influence the drinking behaviour of older people were identified. Older people had little knowledge about alcohol and its potential risks and differences emerged as to whether CPNs felt it their responsibility to address this. Several barriers to implementation were identified and the results indicated that offering BI within mental health services for older people was not feasible. For implementation to become successful, training and ongoing support is essential; to highlight the risks of alcohol for older people and the role CPNs can play. Further clinical implications and areas of future research are discussed.
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Ickes, Kelly A. "Brief Motivational Intervention for Substance Abuse Treatment Retention in Homeless Men." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1386600022.
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Lamanna, Jennifer. "A brief problem-solving intervention for caregivers of children with cancer." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2709.
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OBJECTIVE: Pediatric cancer treatment is stressful for caregivers. Research has indicated that problem-solving coping reduces stress related to caregiving. The current study examines the effects of a problem-solving intervention (Parent Empowerment Program), based on Problem-Solving Therapy, for caregivers of children on active cancer treatment. It was hypothesized that participants who received the intervention would show decreases in caregiving stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms, and increases in problem-solving ability between baseline and post-test assessments compared to those who received an attention control. METHOD: Thirty-nine caregivers (all parents; 48% participation rate) participated. The majority were mothers (90%), married or partnered (59%) and Caucasian (56%). Participants were randomly assigned to condition (intervention vs. attention control) after completing baseline questionnaires. Participants who received the intervention received one session of problem solving intervention and a follow-up session. Those in the attention control condition received two general support sessions. Participants were assessed at baseline, one month after the second session, and three months after the second session. RESULTS: There were no effects of the intervention on any of the outcome variables when data for all participants was examined. However, there was a significant effect of the intervention on problem-solving ability among participants of children between 4-16 weeks post-diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: There were many factors that contributed to the lack of effect, including small sample size, variations in time since diagnosis, low participation rates, and limited number of sessions. Future studies should target parents who are under the highest levels of stress and increase the intensity of sessions. However, the finding that the intervention has an effect on problem-solving ability early in the treatment trajectory replicates previous research and has potential clinical utility.
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Stewart, J. Wade. "A Pilot Study of Solution-focused Brief Therapeutic Intervention for Couples." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1061.
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Over the years, many interventions have been used to ameliorate couple distress and increase relationship satisfaction. These interventions have been getting shorter in duration. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility and impact of a brief intervention using a solution-focused approach (SFBT) for couples. The brief intervention included two two-hour consultations. Data were collected from 30 couples and were analyzed using a repeated measures design. The analyses yielded mixed results. There were statistically significant improvements in the areas of individual well-being and relationship knowledge. There were no significant differences in terms of marital satisfaction, communication skills, and readiness to change, although positive trends were observed in this pilot phase. Implications for future research and development are discussed.
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Malloy, Kimberly J. "Brief Experimental Analysis of Reading Intervention Components for English-Language Learners." DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6222.
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Identifying effective instructional modifications for English-language learners (ELL) experiencing reading problems is a difficult task given the vast individual differences in language proficiency, motivation, and school experience. To address this issue, this study investigated the utility of brief experimental analysis as a means to quickly identify the most effective instructional components to increase reading performance for five ELL. Using a multielement design, five treatments were administered one by one with increasing language support. There were individual differences in response and effective treatments were identified for all participants. Further, an extended analysis of alternating baseline conditions with the hypothesized effective treatment indicated that selected interventions increased reading rates for four participants over time. A combination of the two most effective interventions based on results from the brief experimental analysis increased reading performance for the fifth student. These procedures appear to hold promise for quickly identifying effective instructional components for individual ELL.
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Blevins, Claire E. "The Impact of Motives-Related Feedback on Drinking to Cope Among College Students." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73573.
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Motives for alcohol use are associated with distinct antecedents and consequences. Drinking alcohol to cope with negative affect is consistently associated with the most problematic patterns of use. Interventions targeting drinking to cope are needed. This randomized controlled treatment trial evaluated the impact of a brief coping motive feedback-based intervention on motives and problematic outcomes associated with drinking. In addition, a more comprehensive model of the antecedents and consequences of drinking to cope was tested. The study randomized 170 participants to receive either a brief Standard Feedback Condition (SFC; n = 83) or a Motives Feedback Condition (MFC; n = 87) that added education and feedback on drinking to cope as well as alternate coping strategies. Significant reductions in drinking to cope with depression were greater in the MFC at the 2-month follow-up, but the intervention's effect on drinking to cope with anxiety did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance. Significant reductions in drinking and negative consequences were observed but did not differ significantly by condition. Change in coping with depression motives mediated the effect of the intervention on outcomes of drinking and negative consequences. Partial support was found for a structural model linking antecedents of use, coping motives, and consequences associated with substance use. This study is a promising new direction in motives research, providing support for brief interventions incorporating motives-related feedback and for furthering our understanding of the origins and consequences of drinking to cope with negative affect.Ph. D.
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Tully, Lucy. "Enhancing the reach and impact of parenting interventions for toddler externalising and aggressive behaviours." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12216.
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Childhood externalising behaviours are associated with significant impairments in functioning and long-term negative outcomes. Physical aggression in the toddler years is both common and developmentally normal, however, longitudinal research shows that frequent physical aggression is highly stable over time and is a more robust risk factor for offending in adolescence and adulthood than other externalising behaviours. This thesis is concerned with enhancing the reach and impact of parenting interventions for toddler externalising and aggressive behaviour. Thirty years of research has demonstrated the efficacy of social learning based parenting interventions, typically 8 to 12 sessions in duration, for reducing externalising behaviour problems in childhood. However, the length of standard parenting interventions may overburden families and lead to low participation rates and high attrition rates; it may also prevent primary care health practitioners from implementing them as prescribed. Brief parenting interventions, delivered as part of a stepped care approach, may have the potential to increase the reach of parenting interventions and in turn, impact on externalising behaviour problems at the population level. This thesis reports on the findings of a randomised controlled trial which compared a standard 8 session parenting intervention to a brief 3 session intervention and a waitlist control group for reducing toddler externalising and aggressive behaviours, dysfunctional parenting and related aspects of parent functioning. Sixty-nine self-referred families with a toddler with aggressive behaviour were randomised to the respective conditions. At post-assessment, families who received the 8 session intervention showed significantly lower levels of observed child aversive behaviour, mother-rated child externalising and aggressive behaviours, dysfunctional parenting and higher levels of behavioural self-efficacy compared with waitlist. Families who received the 8 session intervention also reported lower levels of mother-rated dysfunctional parenting compared with those who received the 3 session intervention. Families who received the 3 session intervention differed from waitlist on one measure of mother-rated dysfunctional parenting. No significant group differences emerged at post-assessment for measures of parental negative affect or satisfaction with the partner relationship according to mothers, or for any father-rated measures (with the exception of behavioural self-efficacy). By six month follow-up, families who received the 8 session intervention did not differ significantly from families who received the 3 session intervention on any measure. Both mothers and fathers who received the 8 session intervention were significantly more satisfied with the intervention than those who received the 3 session intervention. Overall, the findings show greater short-term impacts of the 8 session relative to the 3 session intervention. However, medium effect sizes were found for the brief parenting intervention relative to waitlist for child aggressive behaviour and dysfunctional parenting. These effect sizes were similar to those reported in the literature for longer parenting interventions but the current study was underpowered to detect such effects. While this study provides some initial evidence that a brief parenting intervention may have significant effects on dysfunctional parenting, and may offer promise as the first step in a stepped care models of delivery, further research is needed.
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De, Almeida Neto Abilio Cesar. "Training community pharmacists in cognitive behavioural intervention strategies for optimising the monitoring of non prescription combination analgesic products." University of Sydney. Pharmacy Practice, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/833.
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Analgesic products can produce serious side effects. Because potent analgesics are not under medical surveillance but are available to the public without a medical prescription, any attempt to influence consumer behaviour in relation to these products must be via interventions at pharmacist level. The Australian government is now pressuring the pharmacy profession to monitor effectively the use of such non-prescription medication. The aim of this study was to train community pharmacists on brief intervention strategies for use in a pharmacy setting in relation to combination analgesic products. Focus groups showed that participants had concerns about adopting confrontational counselling styles, as they feared this would antagonise consumers leading to loss of patronage without having an impact on consumer behaviour. This concern was later reinforced by consumer interviews, which showed that a significant proportion of respondents thought that the use of non-prescription analgesics was their responsibility. A protocol for the sales of analgesic products was designed with these issues in mind. The transtheoretical model of change (TTM) and motivational interviewing were selected as theoretical frameworks, as they take into account differences among consumers in motivation and in intention to change behaviour and are congruent with pharmacists' concerns. Consumer-centred intervention strategies were tailored to the individual consumer according to his/her readiness to change. This approach was borrowed from the area of smoking secession in which it has been related to positive clinical outcomes. The assumption was made that TTM-based intervention would also be effective in a pharmacy setting in relation to analgesic products. In the initial pilot study, community pharmacists who simply attended a workshop in the cognitive-behavioural intervention strategies failed to incorporate the newly acquired skills to their practice and consequently lost their proficiency. In the subsequent pilot study, when the workshop was followed by ongoing on-site training with immediate feedback and coaching through the use of pseudo-patron visits, the investigator was able to shape community pharmacists' practice behaviour in relation to the monitoring of pharmacist only analgesic products. The methodology was then refined and in the final study trained pharmacists were significantly more likely than control pharmacists and baseline to engage in a number of behaviours related to the study intervention. These included handling the sales of pharmacist only analgesics themselves, identifying inappropriate use, assessing readiness to change, and delivering an intervention according to the consumer's readiness to change. The results suggested that in pharmacy practice post qualifying therapeutic skill transfer is not achieved by workshop presentation alone. Modelling of the desired behaviour involving reinforcement and feedback is necessary.
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de, Almeida Neto Abilio Cesar. "Training community pharmacists in cognitive behavioural intervention strategies for optimising the monitoring of non prescription combination analgesic products." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/833.
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Analgesic products can produce serious side effects. Because potent analgesics are not under medical surveillance but are available to the public without a medical prescription, any attempt to influence consumer behaviour in relation to these products must be via interventions at pharmacist level. The Australian government is now pressuring the pharmacy profession to monitor effectively the use of such non-prescription medication. The aim of this study was to train community pharmacists on brief intervention strategies for use in a pharmacy setting in relation to combination analgesic products. Focus groups showed that participants had concerns about adopting confrontational counselling styles, as they feared this would antagonise consumers leading to loss of patronage without having an impact on consumer behaviour. This concern was later reinforced by consumer interviews, which showed that a significant proportion of respondents thought that the use of non-prescription analgesics was their responsibility. A protocol for the sales of analgesic products was designed with these issues in mind. The transtheoretical model of change (TTM) and motivational interviewing were selected as theoretical frameworks, as they take into account differences among consumers in motivation and in intention to change behaviour and are congruent with pharmacists' concerns. Consumer-centred intervention strategies were tailored to the individual consumer according to his/her readiness to change. This approach was borrowed from the area of smoking secession in which it has been related to positive clinical outcomes. The assumption was made that TTM-based intervention would also be effective in a pharmacy setting in relation to analgesic products. In the initial pilot study, community pharmacists who simply attended a workshop in the cognitive-behavioural intervention strategies failed to incorporate the newly acquired skills to their practice and consequently lost their proficiency. In the subsequent pilot study, when the workshop was followed by ongoing on-site training with immediate feedback and coaching through the use of pseudo-patron visits, the investigator was able to shape community pharmacists' practice behaviour in relation to the monitoring of pharmacist only analgesic products. The methodology was then refined and in the final study trained pharmacists were significantly more likely than control pharmacists and baseline to engage in a number of behaviours related to the study intervention. These included handling the sales of pharmacist only analgesics themselves, identifying inappropriate use, assessing readiness to change, and delivering an intervention according to the consumer's readiness to change. The results suggested that in pharmacy practice post qualifying therapeutic skill transfer is not achieved by workshop presentation alone. Modelling of the desired behaviour involving reinforcement and feedback is necessary.
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Chan, Karen K. "A brief intervention for screened problem drinking in an employee assistance program /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8990.
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Jarkman, Björn Gunilla. "Refugee Children and Families : Psychological Health, Brief Family Intervention and Ethical Aspects." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97333.
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Background: There are more than 45 million refugees and displaced people in the world. Children constitute almost half of the refugee population. It is an enormous challenge and a complex situation for refugee children and families escaping from their home country, to a new system of society to which they have to adapt and where they have to recapture a sense of coherence. This thesis focuses on the psychological health of younger refugee children before and after an intervention with family therapy sessions. The experiences and perceptions of refugee families who fled to Sweden as a result of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 and who have permanent residence permits were explored. The ethical aspects of treatment of traumatized refugee children and families were also analysed. Aims: To investigate parent-child agreement on the psychological symptoms of the refugee children; to explore refugee children’s well-being before and after three sessions of family therapy; to explore, in more detail, the complexity of various family members’ experiences and perceptions of their life before the war, during the war and their escape, and in their new life in Sweden; and also to highlight ethical issues and conduct ethical analyses using basic ethical principles that take into account the varying perspectives of the actors involved with regard to the psychological treatment of refugee children and families. Methods: Data was collected using parental interviews and psychological assessments of children aged five to twelve years. In the first study, 13 children were assessed using the Erica Method and compared with a Swedish reference group consisting of 80 children. In the second study, the Erica Method assessments from before and after an intervention with brief family therapy were compared for ten out of those 13 children, complemented by parental interviews. Family therapy sessions were videotaped, and in the third study, the verbatim transcripts of nine family therapy sessions were analysed using a qualitative method with directed content analysis. Finally, the basic ethical principles in two case studies of teenage refugee children concerning psychological treatment were analysed taking into account the varying perspectives of the actors involved in the treatment. Results: Parents’ assessments of their children’s psychological health according to a symptom and behaviour interview did not correlate with the findings of the psychological assessments of children using the Erica Method. The majority of the parents were unaware of their children’s psychological problems, as identified in the psychological assessments. There was a higher rate of not-normal sandboxes (Erica Method) in this group of refugee children, compared to the Swedish reference group. A statistically significant number of cases had improved after a brief family therapy intervention when evaluated with Erica Method. Three main categories emerged from the analysis of the family therapy sessions: “Everyday life at home”, “Influence of war on everyday life”, and “The new life”. The three main categories were comprised of a total of ten subcategories: the family, work and school/preschool, the war, the escape, reflections, employment, health, relatives and friends, a limited future, and transition to the new life. A structured ethical analysis concerning the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice is feasible and valuable when dealing with refugee children and families in clinical practice as well as in research. Conclusion: The findings from these studies show the importance of highlighting individual perspectives from the point of view of children, parents, and siblings in order to better understand the complexity of family systems. Family interventions could be beneficial for refugee children and families, even if the children do not present with overt psychological problems. Salutogenic perspectives facilitate the provision of support to refugee families. Such support helps refugee families to adapt to a new system of society and recapture a sense of coherence. In research as well as in treatment sessions, basic ethical principles, from the point of view of all actors involved, is recommended to be taken into consideration.
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Jones, Nicole. "Personal goals and adolescents' well-being : an evaluation of a brief intervention." Thesis, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542328.
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Tiedeman, Nathan. "Screening and Brief Intervention for 12-25 Year Olds in Primary Care." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25562.
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Elakman, Abigail K. "Brief Sexuality Education Intervention for Women Who Have Sex with Women (WSW)." Xavier University Psychology / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xupsy161851957338882.
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Tiedeman, Nathan George. "Screening and Brief Intervention for 12-15 Year Olds in Primary Care." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27996.
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Alcohol is a widely enjoyed, misused, and abused legal substance consumed in the United States. Although alcohol is a legal substance in the United States, the consumptions does not come without risks. Alcohol is known to contribute to 60 known and preventable diseases. Adolescents socialize by using alcohol in their family lives, social gatherings, and among their own peer groups; they observe television programming and commercials, as well as social media, that feature alcohol. Adolescents do not have the experience or knowledge to understand the long-term physical and mental strain that alcohol puts on a person?s body. In South Dakota, 75% of teens have consumed alcohol prior to the ninth grade (Prairie View Prevention Services, 2014). Chronic and heavy drinking during adolescence has been linked to cognitive deficits and alterations in the brain?s activity and structure. Adolescents who begin drinking before the age of 15 are five times more likely to develop alcohol abuse than individuals who start at the legal age of 21 (NIAAA, 2015b).
The project?s purpose was to implement a practice-improvement change in the primary-clinic at Coteau des Prairie Health Care System in Sisseton, SD. Through evidence-based screening tools, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Tool (for ages 18-26) and the Alcohol Screening and Brief Interventions for Youths (for ages 12-17), providers were given tools to appropriately screen patients in the selected age range for the presence of alcohol use and/or abuse. A quick-reference guide was developed for the providers; the guide contained age-specific brief interventions and a referral list of alcohol-specialty facilities in the region; the guide was an attempt to curb patients? present and future alcohol use and misuse. After the implementation, medical providers were surveyed about the project?s effectiveness or efficacy at the clinic. The medical providers agreed or strongly agreed the project increased the prevalence of screening practices, improved clinical practice with brief interventions, and assisted with identification of referral services to match the specific needs of each individual. Screening and education about the risks of alcohol and early intervention strategies were successfully implemented into the project setting, improving clinical practice in Sisseton, SD.
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Trasada, Phumelele. "A brief intervention to promote IUD use among women in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9419.
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Includes bibliographical references.While the Copper T intrauterine device (IUD) is one of the most used methods of contraception around the world, only 1% of women in sub-Saharan Africa use this method. The IUD is a safe and highly effective form of long-acting contraception that provides protection for up to 10 years and has a lowrisk of pregnancy (less than 1% during the first year of use). The IUD is highly beneficial in that it can provide protection for women who want to delay or space childbearing and unlike methods such as the injectable or oral contraceptive, does not require users to make numerous visits to their health care facility or obtain a further supply. The IUD is free in the public sector in South Africa, but remains an unpopular choice among women. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a brief counselling intervention on the uptake of the IUD among women in Cape Town, South Africa. Part A of this dissertation (Protocol) is comprised of a proposal that was accepted by the University of Cape Town (UCT) Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) and the Provincial Government of the Western Cape (PGWC). It describes the study background and methods. Part B (Literature Review) presents the current state of IUD use in sub-Saharan Africa as well as the level ofunmet need for contraception in the region. It illustrates the effectiveness of the IUD and gives a summary of interventions related to IUD uptake. It also discusses the need for increased use of the long acting and permanent methods in sub-Saharan Africa. Part C (Article) presents the results as a journal article. The incidence of the primary outcome was lower than expected. Five percent of women assigned to the control group went to family planning to make an appointment for IUD insertion, while 4% of those in the intervention group made an IUD insertion appointment. Knowledge of the IUD was not high with only 46% of women having heard of the method. After being given a description of the IUD, 36% of women said they would consider using the IUD. Twenty-seven percent of women stated that they would be interested in receiving an IUD that day. The method was not often mentioned to clients as only 16% reported having discussed the IUD with a health provider. Chi-squared analysis identified characteristics which were related to a participant being aware of the IUD. In this regard, being older and having higher gravidity were both significantly associated factors. The results suggest that IUD is a method that women are interested in learning more about and potentially using. It is clear that a more intensive and comprehensive campaign is needed in order to increase demand for the IUD in South Africa.
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McClintock, Andrew S. "The Application of Mindfulness for Interpersonal Dependency: Effects of a Brief Intervention." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1350934561.
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Grinberg, Austin M., and Austin M. Grinberg. "Implementation of a Brief Preventative Couples Intervention in a Primary Care Setting." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625559.
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Healthy romantic relationships are associated with a multitude of positive physical and mental health outcomes. Conversely, low relationship quality and relationship dissolution are associated with risk for poor health outcomes. Accordingly, numerous studies investigate ways to preserve healthy relationships through the use of preventative relationship education interventions, many of which improve relationship outcomes. However, evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions is somewhat mixed, and promising interventions often fail to reach at-risk populations due to high participant burden. There is a movement within clinical psychology to create easily accessible, targeted therapy protocols in order to increase the broad availability of these evidence-based interventions. The current study aimed to replicate and extend the Marriage Hack (MH), a brief, evidence-based preventative relationship intervention designed to stabilize the natural decline in relationship quality over time. This study addressed four specific aims designed to: 1) examine the efficacy of the MH intervention using an abbreviated protocol; 2) extend the original MH intervention by investigating theory-based mechanisms of change and assessing individual health outcomes; 3) explore how theory-based mechanisms change over time; and, 4) evaluate the relationship between within-person and between-person variance in process variables and outcome measures. Seventy-eight (N = 78) couples were randomized to the 4-week MH protocol (n = 41) or control condition (n = 37). Results demonstrated men in the intervention group exhibited 1) greater improvements in relationship satisfaction and 2) decreases in both anxiety and depression compared to men in the control group. This study did not replicate the findings of the original MH for additional outcome variables and process variables for men or women. No support was found for mediating effects of additional theory-based mechanisms of change on outcome measures. However, exploratory intensive longitudinal analyses revealed noteworthy relationships between within-person and between-person variance in process variables and treatment outcomes. Research recommendations to further improve preventative relationship interventions and clinical implications of the current findings are discussed.
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Primeaux, Sunni. "A Preliminary Examination of the ACT Matrix as a Brief Therapeutic Intervention." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1731.
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Brief therapeutic interventions are increasingly becoming more popular for a variety of reasons, including cost, insurance reimbursement rates, and time constraints of patients. While several brief interventions exist, most of them still require four to eight hour-long sessions and emphasize symptom reduction. One therapeutic model that differs from traditional cognitive behavioral therapy and focuses more on valued living is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 2012). While ACT is a complex treatment package, a therapeutic tool called the ACT Matrix presents the essential elements of ACT in a comprehensive yet brief fashion (Polk, Schoendorff, Webster, & Olaz, 2016) that may be useful in settings requiring brief therapeutic interventions, such as integrated primary care and college counseling centers. However, as the ACT Matrix is a clinician-developed activity primarily used as a component of individual and group therapy, currently there is little empirical research to support its usefulness. The current study examined the impact of the ACT Matrix versus a control group on valued-action, psychological inflexibility, quality of life, and depression and anxiety symptomatology at a one-week follow-up. Consistent with hypotheses, results indicated that the ACT Matrix had a significant impact on increasing valued action, values satisfaction, and quality of life while decreasing depression and anxiety symptomatology, as compared to participants in the control group. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
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Wagstaff, Jennifer Fay. "Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS): A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Mental Health Practitioners on the College Campus." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73236.
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High-risk drinking among college students is believed to be the most serious health issue facing college and universities throughout the United States. In 1999, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) established a task force to address the issue and released a report with recommendations for intervention and prevention. Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) emerged as an evidence-based practice to address high-risk drinking. Quantitative researchers produced results that indicate BASICS and interventions similar to BASICS are an effective means to reduce high-risk drinking and the negative outcomes associated with high-risk drinking. Despite strong evidence for the effectiveness of BASICS, little is known about its fidelity when BASICS is implemented in a practical setting. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives and experiences of practitioners in the mental health profession who use the BASICS intervention via semi-structured interviews. Themes emerged related to the application of the intervention, the strongest and weakest aspects of intervention, and barriers to implementation. The themes linked to the application of BASICS on campuses included: (1) a comprehensive/progressive approach to address high-risk drinking; (2) modifications; and (3) the mandated student. The themes relating to the strongest aspects of the intervention were: (1) harm reduction; (2) education; (3) personal awareness; and (4) self-empowerment while the weakest aspects were: (1) the dilemma of one size fits all and (2) the personalized feedback report (PFR). The themes connected to barriers were: (1) the referral process; (2) training; and (3) onus on the facilitator. These twelve themes provide insight into the benefits and challenges of implementing BASICS in a practical setting on college campuses. Implications for both mental health practitioners and student affairs professionals are discussed, study limitations are provided, and suggestions for future research
are offered. This study concludes with specific recommendations for student affairs professionals that includes the use of BASICS combined with other best practices to effectively address the issue of high-risk drinking and the negative consequences associated with this behavior on college campuses.Ph. D.
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Mong, Kristi Westmoreland. "A comparison of brief experimental analysis and extended intervention analysis for identifying reading interventions for at-risk elementary students." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07142008-170042.
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Towe, Sheri Lynn. "The Impact of Personalized Feedback on Marijuana Use: Examining a Brief Intervention Delivered via the Internet." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28861.
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Marijuana use remains the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States, and many people experience problems related to their marijuana use yet do not seek treatment. Web-based interventions for problematic marijuana use represent a potentially cost-effective and highly accessible way to reach a large number of adults who are ambivalent about changing their marijuana use, or are concerned about seeking in-person counseling for their use. The goal of this online study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief web-based feedback intervention for adult marijuana users who reported at least some problems related to their marijuana use. Eighty-two adult college students who reported at least some problems related to marijuana use at baseline were randomized to one of two conditions to examine whether a personalized feedback report would impact marijuana use at follow-up relative to an education control group. Feedback reports were delivered to participants after completion of a baseline assessment battery, and participants were reassessed at one- and three-months post-baseline. Primary outcome variables were problems related to marijuana use and frequency of marijuana use. Main outcome analyses examined change over time by condition as well as possible moderating variables of Stage of Change and family history of problematic substance use. Both marijuana-related problems and marijuana use rates showed some indication of reduction over time at the one-month follow-up, but there were no significant interactions by condition indicative of differential change. These reductions were not sustained at three-months. Analyses across the final follow-up period were likely not significant due to low follow-up completion rates, as well as an overall lower-than-expected sample size. Study recruitment will continue for one additional year to increase sample size for future analyses, but at this time there was no clear evidence the personalized feedback intervention was effective.Ph. D.
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Croff, Julie May Ketchie. "Brief intervention to reduce alcohol use among men who have sex with men." Diss., [La Jolla, Calif.] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3397202.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2010.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 29, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-189).
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Richardson, Tonia M. "Solution-Focused Brief Coaching as an Executive Coaching Intervention| A Quasi-experimental Study." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3569149.
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The purpose of the quasi-experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Coaching as a specific intervention in executive coaching. The study used a pretest-posttest design with an experimental group and a control group. Six executives received six coaching sessions during this study. Twelve executives, serving as control subjects, did not receive coaching by any method. Measurement tools (the Working Alliance Inventory, the Goal Attainment Survey and the Satisfaction With Life Scale) provided quantitative outcome data to determine behavior, performance, and emotional change associated with use of SFBC (the independent variable). These measurement tools (the dependent variables) were administered to both groups before and after the 6-week coaching intervention. The WAI – C pretest showed significant differences between the groups suggesting that coaches perceived the working alliance of coached participants to increase to a significantly larger degree than the noncoached group. The SWLS pretest showed significant differences between the groups suggesting that the group that sought coaching had a lower satisfaction with life than the control group at the beginning of the coaching engagement. While the GAS did not produce statistically significant results there was a large effect size suggesting that a very clear difference exists between the two groups. The results of the study provided preliminary empirical support for use of SFBC as an executive-coaching intervention. Recommendations based on the study’s results include replication of the study with a larger sample, additional studies reflective of more rigorous research designs, and use of professional coaches in research studies.
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Smith, A. J. "Randomised controlled trial of a brief alcohol intervention in a facial injury clinic." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540460.
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Nadjarian, Albert H. "An evaluation of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment in emergency departments." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12169.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityAlcohol use disorders are major national public health problems that are responsible for impaired health. The emergence of SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment) has potentially revolutionized the strategies used to reach the at-risk population of drinkers, specifically within emergency departments (EDs). Several studies have confirmed the efficacy of SBIRT as a viable ED intervention method. Improved study measures have included keeping appointments for treatment, decreased average alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking, reduction in health care costs, and reduction in subsequent DUIs (Driving Under the Influence) and alcohol-related re-injury requiring emergency treatment. However, some studies reveal more mixed and sometimes complete lack of support. This manuscript brings this body of evidence together and introduces potential moderators to study results. These moderators include ethnicity, alcohol severity, type of injury, setting disparities, adherence to clinical trial guidelines, and emphasis on referral to treatment. This paper also analyzes patient motivations and behavior change patterns, their potential effect on study outcomes, and suggestions to improve study designs. SBIRT in EDs has provided a significant yet cost and resource-effective method of curbing alcohol misuse. Results from efficacy studies will hopefully mirror the SBIRT's evolution and resulting improvements to our nation's health.
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Howarth, Anastassia. "Development and evaluation of a brief mindfulness-based intervention for long-term illness." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.754062.
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BACKGROUND: According to the World Health Organization, long-term illness will account for almost three-quarters of global deaths by 2020. Evidence supports the use of both self-management and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for those who live with long-term illness. While this research is promising, a major barrier with traditional MBIs is the amount of time they require (eight weeks) and the necessity of a trained specialist. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this thesis is to develop and evaluate a brief MBI for those with long-term illness, through a literature review, a qualitative study and a pilot study. METHODS: A systematic review of studies using brief MBIs for health-related outcomes was the initial stage. This provided a basis for a qualitative study, which was conducted to assess views of long-term illness patients (i.e., persistent pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease) on the acceptability of a brief (10 minute) MBI, to define population suitability and to refine delivery and assessment. A pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT), informed by results from the first study, was then conducted with persistent pain patients. A brief mindfulness body scan audio was compared to an active control and immediate effects of the intervention were assessed with brief measures for perceived pain severity, distress and distraction. Feasibility of a definitive RCT was assessed in relation to recruitment and retention rates. At baseline, one week and one month, assessments included: mindfulness, anxiety, depression, health-related quality of life, pain catastrophizing, pain self-efficacy, activities of daily living limitations, and ratings o f‘usefulness’ and ‘likelihood to recommend’ the intervention. RESULTS: The review identified 71 eligible studies of brief MBIs, including 70 RCTs. Sixty-seven studies observed a positive effect on at least one health related outcome. There was high heterogeneity for both types of MBI and health-related outcomes and low use of clinical populations. Results from the qualitative study, with 14 patients, suggested that a brief MBI audio was acceptable and was most suited to a persistent pain population. Patients tended to prefer an MBI of 15 minutes rather than 10 minutes. In the pilot study of a 15 minute MBI audio, of 220 patients referred, 147 were randomised and 71 completed all assessments. There were no significant immediate effects of the MBI, although there was a tendency for a marked improvement in both groups. Significant effects were found for ‘usefulness’ at one week and self-efficacy at one month in the MBI group compared with the control. Levels of recruitment were acceptable and attrition rates were high. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the systematic review demonstrate that brief MBIs can have a positive impact on a range of health-related outcomes and that further studies are required, especially with clinical populations. Qualitative findings confirm the acceptability of a brief MBI, particularly for a persistent pain population. In the pilot study, lack of immediate effects could be due to the potency of the control and a less engaging control needs to be considered. A definitive trial is required in which retention of patients is optimized, for example, by delivering the MBI alongside existing rehabilitative programmes.
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Winters, Mary Rose Christina. "Equivalence-Based Instruction and Errorless Learning: A Brief Intervention to Teach Deictic Framing." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2783.
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Equivalence based instruction (EBI) has been demonstrated as an effective method for teaching various skills to a wide range of clinical and non-clinical populations. Recent research suggests deictic framing, or perspective switching skills, can be taught to typically and atypically developing children using an EBI teaching paradigm, however the protocols for teaching deictic framing tend to be very long. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief EBI and errorless learning program to teach deictic framing to a young woman with learning disabilities. A secondary purpose of this study was to determine if training on one deictic framing program would improve responding on skills that involve other deictic frames. The participant completed a pre and post-test before and after mastering one of four tested EBI programs. Results indicate that EBI is effective in teaching deictic frames, as derived relations emerged following training. The participant’s performance on other skills did not improve. These results also lend support to multiple exemplar teaching. Limitations and future directions for research are discussed.
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Harrison, Jessica A. "Effects of a brief yoga intervention on test anxiety in fifth grade students." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1311014260.
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Fehr, Karla K. "A Brief Pretend Play Intervention to Facilitate Play and Creativity in Preschool Children." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1388245730.
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Emenalo-Strange, Judy Ifeyinwa. "Can brief mindfulness-based intervention improve attention in individuals with mixed neurological disorders?" Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16550.
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It is estimated that there are 12.5 million people in England living with neurological disorders (Neurological Alliance, 2014). People with neurological disorders as a result of acquired brain injury (ABI) are living with short and long-term disabilities. These include cognitive impairment, and physical and emotional distress. One of the most common complaints by individuals who have ABI is attention impairment. Attention difficulties can have serious ramifications for daily functioning. Although studies have explored the effects of evidence-based interventions such as mindfulness-based therapy on attention abilities, and have found that it improves individuals' attention skills (Moore et al, 2012), thus far research has been conducted mainly with non-clinical populations. This study set out to investigate whether a mindfulness-based intervention could prove beneficial for people with neurological disorders, particularly whether it could positively impact on attention impairment. The study employed a one group pre-test post-test design. The intervention was adapted from the MBSR programme developed by Kabat-Zinn. Twenty-two participants with ABI were recruited. The Conners Continuous Performance Test 3rd Edition (CPT-3), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Attention Process Training-II Attention Questionnaire (APT-II AQ) and Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) were utilised to measure outcomes. The results revealed that there was a clinical improvement in self reported measures of mindfulness (MAAS) (Cohen d=0.28), attention (APT-II AQ) (Cohen d=0.33), and psychological distress (CORE-OM) (Cohen d=0.72). This was not observed using the neuropsychological test of attention (CPT-3) for overall group scores, but further evaluation showed some individuals' scores improved. The study is promising as it indicates that mindfulness based treatment can be effective with attentional problems as well as in reducing psychological distress for individuals with ABI. This could be valuable in terms of providing treatment for this client group and adds to the expanding research base on mindfulness-based intervention with this population.
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Lewandowski, Clare Marie. "A Brief Mindfulness Intervention on Acute Pain Experience: An Examination of Individual Difference." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1089.
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The current study utilized an early-stage translational approach (Tashiro & Mortensen, 2006) to empirically test the immediate effect of a 15-minute mindfulness intervention on acute pain experience. The study employed a three-group, repeated measures experimental design with two active control conditions (sham mindfulness and attention control) and an analogue pain induction procedure (cold-pressor test). The sample consisted of 165 university students. Repeated measures analyses found an interaction effect between condition and time for subjective pain intensity and an interaction effect between gender and time for pain tolerance. Trends show that attention control increased pain intensity, whereas mindfulness decreased pain intensity. Females exhibited greater pain tolerance at post-intervention across conditions. Analyses yielded no significant differences between conditions among dependent variables of pain tolerance, state affect, or state anxiety. A moderate relationship was found between fear of pain and pain tolerance at pre-intervention, but failed to significantly moderate outcome in main analyses. Post-hoc analyses revealed a subset of "high pain tolerant" participants, who endorsed significantly higher trait mindfulness, lower fear of pain, and lower pain catastrophizing compared to the remainder of participants. Negative affect was related to increased pain intensity within the attention control condition. Suggestions for future research and clinical implications of research in this area are discussed.
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Jones, Dustin LaMar. "Mindfulness Meditation: Effects of a Brief Intervention on Cardiovascular Reactivity during Acute Stress." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4158.
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Mindfulness has historically been cultivated via formal meditation practice and the majority of meditation research examines individuals with extensive training or participants in Mindfulness based stress reduction programs that require considerable expense, a trained facilitator, and take approximately 8 weeks to complete. However, current literature does not speak directly to those who do not have the time or ability for such commitments. Formal mindfulness meditation practice and interventions reduce stress in various populations; however, the outcomes of a one-time intervention are relatively unknown. This study aims to examine whether a one-time (20-min) mindfulness meditation intervention would improve cardiovascular variables during acute stressors in a meditation naïve sample when compared to a control group. Fifty-eight (58) normotensive undergraduate students (27 males, 31 females) with no prior meditation experience were randomly placed into either a treatment group that participated in one-time 15-minute audio training session on mindfulness meditation or a control group which listened to an audio health article. Following the training, participants participated in a psychosocial stressor modeled after the Trier Social Stress Test. Heart rate and blood pressure were assessed before and after the intervention and during the stress task. Results showed the mindfulness meditation condition group was effective in decreasing blood pressure response during the study, when compared to the control group. These results indicate that brief meditation training has beneficial effects on cardiovascular variables. These findings suggest that the benefits of a brief one-time mindfulness meditation intervention can be recognized immediately after a brief training treatment.
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Sullivan, Patricia D. "Enhancing the Resilience of Acute Care Psychiatric Nurses Through a Brief Gratitude Intervention." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7957.
Full textAbstract:
Stressors affecting healthcare providers have accelerated in recent years, causing increasing rates of burnout and emotional exhaustion. Evidence suggests that improving general mental well-being of nurses could enhance their resilience and ability to cope in stressful situations. Psychiatric nurses are at risk by caring for involuntary and manipulative patients who can be violent and abusive. The purpose of this project was to improve psychiatric nurses' mental well-being through the implementation of a gratitude practice and examined the effect of this brief gratitude intervention on their mental well-being. Models informing this project were human caring theory, resilience theory, and positive psychology models of gratitude benefits. Thirty psychiatric nurses participated; they were told to privately note 3 things they were grateful for in a gratitude journal each day. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale was administered pre- and postintervention, and chi-square analysis was performed, converting sum scores into categories (low-moderate-high); statistical significance was not demonstrated (Pearson chi-square = .1.176, Crarmer's V of .183). Nonparametric Wilcoxin Signed Rank Test and Mann-Whitney U also compared scores of pr-e and posttests. The Wilcoxin Signed Rank revealed significant differences (Z = -1.402, p = .027) but only had 6 matched pairs. Mann-Whitney U showed no significant differences between the pre- and posttest scores (U = 108, p = .161). Limitations were the inability to match identification numbers except for 6. Recommendations are gratitude education and repeat the study. This could begin to affect positive social change by promoting self-care of the nurses via incorporating principles of positive psychology into daily practice.
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Du, Plessis Alfred Haupt. "Total knee replacement patients' experiences of a brief hope-based in-hospital intervention." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56932.
Full textAbstract:
The issue addressed by this study is the lack of individual in-hospital hope-based brief interventions for TKR patients, based on the integrative hope theory of Scioli et al. (2011). This descriptive-exploratory qualitative case study described the development of I-HOPE based on the theoretical framework of Scioli et al. (2011). It also explored and described I-HOPE in the unique context of TKR through the experiences of the 12 participants. The purposefully selected participants (n=12, male=6, female=6), aged between 50 and 80, were scheduled to undergo TKR surgery by an orthopaedic practice in a private hospital in Pretoria. The intervention took place between 1 August 2014 and 31 December 2014.
Data were collected using participant diaries, semistructured interviews, and a mini-focus group interview. The study was able to confirm the application value of Scioli et al.?s (2011) hope theory as well as its compatibility with existing psychological and nursing hope intervention techniques and activities for TKR patients. Based on the study?s interpretive paradigm, the exploratory findings confirmed the acceptability of the intervention in meeting the TKR participants? needs. The study also indicated additional participant needs during TKR not met by I-HOPE in its current form. Lastly, it was able to confirm the value of I-HOPE in conveying fundamental hope to the 12 TKR participants and in providing detailed insight into the lived experiences of these participants.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
tm2016
Educational Psychology
PhD
Unrestricted