Academic literature on the topic 'Brief Contextual Modular Psychotherapy'

With regard to road safety issues, a deep understanding of the driver as a logic system is crucial to predict the most probable behavior according to the contextual elements. Knowledge and data about human functional abilities exist. But the problem is to organize and structure them. The development of a computational approach in driver modelization is addressed. In the first part, a brief historical overview is presented of available driver models in ergonomics and psychological areas, and the distinction between predictive and explicative models in an implementation perspective is the focus. In the second part, the computational aspect of the work is described, along with the software concepts, the cognitive modeling needs, and the implementation choices. Object-oriented techniques were chosen because they provide a modular overview of the general system and offer a convenient representation of cognitive processes. Object-oriented formalism, in particular object modeling technique diagrams, acts as a bridge between the two domains of computer science and the human sciences. The objective is to determine whether it is possible to implement reliably a driver model using the techniques from artificial intelligence and based on the theoretical knowledge from cognitive sciences research. This attempt to establish links between different scientific domains, requiring a common tool, is a challenge. A first step of a work that will have to be developed in a long-term time scale, taking into account its quite ambitious objective, is described.

Abstract Background There is limited research on community-based mental health interventions in former Soviet countries despite different contextual factors from where most research has been conducted. Ongoing military conflict has resulted in many displaced persons and veterans and their families with high burdens of mental health problems. Lack of community-based services and poor uptake of existing psychiatric services led to the current trial to determine the effectiveness of the common elements treatment approach (CETA) on anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS) among conflict affected adults in Ukraine. Methods We conducted a three-armed randomized-controlled trial of CETA delivered in its standard form (8–12 sessions), a brief form (five-sessions), and a wait-control condition. Eligible participants were displaced adults, army veterans and their adult family members with elevated depression and/or PTS and impaired functioning. Treatment was delivered by community-based providers trained in both standard and brief CETA. Outcome data were collected monthly. Results There were 302 trial participants (n = 117 brief CETA, n = 129 standard CETA, n = 56 wait-controls). Compared with wait-controls, participants in standard and brief CETA experienced clinically and statistically significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and PTS and dysfunction (effect sizes d = 0.46–1.0–6). Comparing those who received standard CETA with brief CETA, the former reported fewer symptoms and less dysfunction with small-to-medium effect sized (d = 0.20–0.55). Conclusions Standard CETA is more effective than brief CETA, but brief CETA also had significant effects compared with wait-controls. Given demonstrated effectiveness, CETA could be scaled up as an effective community-based approach.

Background: A shift from the psychodynamic perspectives in psychotherapy to the solution-focused "brief" techniques is a boon to the school system where constraints of time are a serious issue. SFBT is a strength-based approach. According to its assumptions, most clients want to change, they have the competence to envision the change and make it happen. At the same time, breakthrough revelations about the functioning of the adolescent brain have catapulted old beliefs in the competence of a typical adolescent to use his rational regions of the brain as situations demand. Latest neuroscientific techniques can predict not only the "kind" of changes but the pace with which changes are happening in different regions of the brain. The immature pre-frontal cortex of adolescent stand in vis-a-vis to the assumption of the SFBT that client has the competence to resolve the issue. Adding to this, a huge repository of research literature asserts that contextual factors do have an important role in the mental health of adolescents. Early shifting into solution talk during the therapeutic process may overlook contextual factors or unconscious impulses which actively collude to sustain the problem. So the purported co-construction of solution occurring between the client and therapist need not always result in intended changes and cases of relapses are common. Objectives: The present study was an attempt to seek clarification for the doubts and misgivings usually occur in the minds of school psychologists dealing with adolescent clients. Certain questions were framed to have an orientation in the review process. How far SFBT's assumptions are compatible with the bio-psycho-social disposition of adolescence? Given the latest neuro-scientific facts about adolescent brain functioning, how congruent is SFBT's strength-based approaches with adolescents' not so competent brain dynamics? Shift to “solution talk” ---how far it is practical when the adolescent client’s issues lay interwoven with many psycho-social factors? What past research has to say about the process of SFBT rather than the outcome of SFBT? Materials and methods: Sixty-seven papers comprising empirical studies, meta-analyses, conceptual papers dealing with various aspects of SFBT were reviewed for the purpose. ERIC, Psych INFO, Google, Medline, and PUBMED were the major database depended for retrieving the literature. Aspects of SFBT such as "briefness", focus on the solution (rather than the problem), therapeutic alliance, adherence to the trust in positive-strengths of the client ---all these were explored for their compatibility with the unique developmental characteristics of adolescence. Conclusion: Worldwide efforts are in place to elicit novel ways of understanding and working with adolescents. SFBT technique must be customized to meet and unique needs and characteristic of the adolescent group. There are a host of researchers and therapists who believe that adolescent and child treatments will be more effective if the frame and structure of the therapy are tailored to the developmental level and characteristics of the clients. The present review about SFBT reached the same conclusions and has tentatively produced suggestions (with proper rationale) for re-orientation.

The present study investigates the role of attachment in a time-limited marital therapy. The study explores Brief Contextual Modular Psychotherapy (BCMT). This approach to practice provides a model that integrates principles and techniques from the major psychotherapies. BCMT can be distinguished from other brief therapies by its theoretical integration, its six-session time limit, its specific clinical focus, and its techniques for dealing with dissatisfaction and distress. The therapy sets out practice modules—six-session treatment plans—for a diverse range of presenting issues such as the anxiety disorders, depression, trauma, loss and grief, marriage and the phobias. BCMT emphasises the collaboration of the therapist and the client. A community-based psychological counselling centre has practised BCMT for over ten years, applying it in cases of wide diversity and maladjustment. Prior to this research, a comprehensive analysis of the theory underlying the BCMT model or the theory of change it endorses had not been carried out. The study provides a detailed description of the conceptual and treatment elements of the marital module developed in the treatment manual for BCMT. The study explores how the construct of attachment provides an organising framework or metaperspective for theory construction and therapeutic intervention in the clinical application of this time-limited marital therapy. To achieve this objective, one de-facto and four married couples participated in the time-limited therapy. They completed a questionnaire on adult attachment and also a self-report questionnaire to assess the effectiveness of the therapy. Narrative analysis was used to assess the praxis or the experience of participating in the therapy. The results show that the integrated model provided a treatment method for differing expressions of marital disturbance and psychopathology. Three of the five couples and eight of the ten participants reported positive treatment outcomes. The research sample included the paraphilias, a major depressive episode with postpartum psychosis, the narcissistic borderline syndrome and childhood sexual abuse. The study supports the association between the role of adult attachment styles and intrapsychic responses in conflicted intimate relationships. From the point of view of clinical applications of attachment theory, the research highlights how theoretical ideas can be integrated, specific clinical methods can be incorporated and certain treatment perspectives can be derived from one another. Several implications for the treatment process flow from this integration. The integration of attachment theory in BCMT demonstrates how the therapeutic process progressed through three separate yet interrelated stages: past, present and future. In addition, it led to the identification of three stage-related mourning processes associated with the time-limited therapeutic process: protest, despair and detachment. From a clinical perspective, the research finds that the theoretical and treatment model does not need to be restricted to marital therapy. The findings suggest that the integrated model could be applied across a wide range of presenting issues. By defining the theory of personality and psychopathology and the therapeutic change processes associated with it, the integration of attachment theory results in BCMT taking its place in the literature as a theory of psychotherapy.

Brief dynamic psychotherapy is an important treatment for numerous disorders, primarily the adjustment, anxiety, and mood disorders. Both alone and in combination with medication brief dynamic psychotherapy is an effective part of the treatment armamentarium. Clinicians should be trained in the brief as well as the longer term treatments and their use as brief, intermittent, and maintenance treatments. Skill in the longer term psychotherapies is important to developing skill in the brief dynamic psychotherapy where the needs for rapid establishment of the therapeutic alliance and the accurate assessment of transference and defence patterns are important. Empirical studies comparing well-defined brief dynamic psychotherapy with cognitive and interpersonal psychotherapies are limited. Future research must address which form of brief psychotherapy may be most helpful for which patient. An individual's preferred learning path-what he or she may see and observe most easily such as thoughts or feelings or interpersonal relations-may be an important variable in determining which brief psychotherapy for which patient. State, trait, and contextual variables will influence this learning modality. The process of change in brief individual psychodynamic psychotherapy, a process of altering neuronal organization through verbal means, is influenced by the patient's diagnosis, medications, past history, cognitive style, developmental stage, and affective availability, as well as the doctor–patient match.