Journal articles on the topic 'Bridge vibration'
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1
Yao, Juncheng, Hekuan Zhou, Jiahua Zhu, Liang Huang, Jianguo Xu, and Weiguo Li. "Reduction of Vibrations in Long-Span Continuous Girder Bridges with Pounding Tuned Mass Dampers." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (October 3, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7796204.
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Earthquakes often cause bridges to vibrate to different degrees; moreover, in the case of poor road conditions, the vibration amplitude of bridges caused by vehicles often exceeds a reasonable range, thus causing different degrees of damage to bridges. Therefore, this article studies the vibration reduction effect of the pounding tuned mass dampers (PTMD) on long-span continuous bridges under earthquake and vehicle loads. The PTMD used in this study can reduce the vibration in both lateral and vertical directions. The PTMD provides a stronger vibration dampening effect compared to the TMD since it increases collision to use energy. The LS-DYNA software is used for numerical modeling to optimize the parameters of the PTMD and to determine the size and installation position of the PTMD. Then, the bridge is subjected to two recorded ground motions, and the bridge response with and without the PTMD is compared and analyzed, which shows how PTMD might lessen bridge vibration in its transverse direction. To assess how efficiently the PTMD dampens vibrations induced by vehicle loads on bridges, a vehicle/bridge/PTMD system is simulated using a refined vehicle model. The findings demonstrate that the PTMD may significantly lessen the bridge’s lateral and vertical vibration while enhancing driving comfort. Thus, this research study is of great significance for vertical and lateral vibration control of long-span continuous girder bridges.
2
Tuladhar, Raju, Walter H. Dilger, and Mamdouh M. Elbadry. "Influence of cable vibration on seismic response of cable-stayed bridges." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 5 (October 1, 1995): 1001–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-116.
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In cable-stayed bridges, modelling the cables is of particular significance for the seismic behaviour of the structure. The common practice of modelling a cable by a single truss element is inadequate for seismic response calculations because it essentially precludes the lateral cable vibration modes. The present paper studies the influence of cable vibrations on the seismic response of cable-stayed bridges. Three bridge examples with different spans and properties were used. Cable vibrations are accounted for through the use of multiple links for each cable. Cable vibration effects are found to be significant for seismic response calculations, particularly when the cable fundamental frequencies are overlapping with the first few frequencies of the bridge. Parametric studies are conducted with regard to the number of links per cable, the effect of the modulus of elasticity of the cables, and different earthquakes on the bridge response. Modelling the cables by two links per cable such that at least the fundamental modes of the cable vibrations are represented can significantly account for the effect of cable vibrations. It is also observed that the equivalent modulus method cannot in any way account for the cable vibration effects. Key words: cable vibration, dynamic analysis, equivalent modulus, multiple links, seismic response, cable-stayed bridge.
3
Goroumaru, H., K. Shiraishi, H. Hara, and T. Komori. "Prediction of Low Frequency Noise Radiated from Vibrating Highway Bridges." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 6, no. 4 (December 1987): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309238700600403.
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Low frequency noise radiated from highway bridges due to fast moving heavy vehicles, is giving rise to a new traffic problem. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to consider the reduction of noise and control of bridge vibrations. In this research, measurements of low frequency noise radiated from highway bridges and measurements of bridge vibration were carried out. From these results, the radiation efficiency of the slabs of the highway bridges was determined. Four types of bridge were measured, steel composite girder bridges, steel plate girder bridges, steel truss bridges and PC-girder (T) bridges. From experimental formulae for the radiation efficiency, and from vibration acceleration levels, the sound pressure levels and 1/3 octave band spectra of the low frequency noise radiated from the slabs were predicted. As a result, the sound pressure level at an arbitrary point can be predicted by measuring the vibration acceleration level of the bridge. Predictive calculation results agreed relatively well with measured values, particularly at locations close to the bridges.
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Yin, Xinfeng, Yang Liu, Shihui Guo, W. Zhang, and C. S. Cai. "Three-Dimensional Vibrations of a Suspension Bridge Under Stochastic Traffic Flows and Road Roughness." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 07 (August 3, 2016): 1550038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455415500388.
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When studying the vibration of a bridge–vehicle coupled system, most researchers mainly focus on the vertical vibration of bridges under moving vehicular loads, while the lateral and longitudinal vibrations of the bridges and the stochastic characteristics of the traffic flows are neglected. However, for long-span suspension bridges, neglecting the bridge’s three-dimensional (3D) vibrations under stochastic traffic flows can cause considerable inaccuracy in predicting the dynamic performance. This study is mainly focused on establishing a new methodology fully considering a suspension bridge’s vertical, lateral, and longitudinal vibrations induced by stochastic traffic flows under varied road roughness conditions. A new full-scale vehicle model with 18 degrees of freedom (DOFs) was developed to predict the longitudinal and lateral vibrations of the vehicle. An improved Cellular Automaton (CA) model considering the influence of the next-nearest vehicle was introduced. The bridge and vehicles in traffic flow coupled equations are established by combining the equations of motion of both the bridge and vehicles using the displacement relationship and interaction force relationship at the patch contacts. The numerical simulations show that the proposed method can rationally simulate the 3D vibrations of the suspension bridge under stochastic traffic flows.
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Lee, Yen Jen, Jet Chau Wen, Chern Hwa Chen, and Yuh Yi Lin. "Application of Multi-Monitoring Information for Bridge Safety Evaluation." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.493.
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Due to large flexibility in cable-stayed bridges, vibrations induced by seismic, traffic and wind loads are more significant than those in other types of bridges. These vibrations may cause structural damage, such as fatigue in stay cables, large deflection in main girder, etc. The objective of this paper is to investigate long-term dynamic characteristics of the Kao Ping Hsi cable-stayed bridge subjected to different external force conditions by using a bridge health monitoring system (BHMS). The bridge has been bearing the loads of traffic for more than a decade. To ensure the safety of the Bridge, the Bureau has developed a BHMS for the long-term monitoring of the overall structural safety over the entire operation stage in terms of seismic response, wind resisting response and cable vibration, as well as travel comfort. The BHMS will provide multi-alarm information for the study of bridge safety management and maintenance in relation to seismic activities, wind vibration and traffic.
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Ibrahim, Muhammad Khairil, Azlan Ab Rahman, and Baderul Hisham Ahmad. "Vehicle Induced Vibration on Real Bridge and Integral Abutment Bridge – A Short Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.923.
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Nowadays, vehicle-induced vibration is a subject matter interest in the bridge monitoring field. As compared to other types of excitation such as earthquake and accidental impact, the vehicle-induced vibration is often being less considered during the design process of the bridge. The newly implemented code also does not emphasize on the vibration check for vehicular bridge and requires the engineers to refer to other “unnamed literature” if they would want to consider vibration check during the design process. However, in recent years there were few reported cases of road users experiencing the excessive vibration when they travelled on certain bridges, therefore raising concern among the bridge designer community the need for vibration check. This paper reviews several conducted researches on vehicle-induced vibration on the real bridge, the methodologies adopted and the outcome from each research. While there are extensive research been conducted on the real bridge, this review is limited to the conducted research into the different categories of bridges. Vehicle- induced vibration usually used for modal testing of the vehicular bridges and is chosen due to the flexibility offered by this method as type of excitation. Most of the researchers focused on the vibration by the vehicle of common bridge while less researches for the integral type. In the context of the integral bridge construction in Malaysia, bored pile is widely being used rather than H-type piles for integral bridges. Hence, there is a need for further exploration on the combination of integral type bridges with the bored pile foundation to assess their dynamic characteristics.
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Janas, Lucjan. "Experimental Study on Vibration and Noise Characteristics of Steel-Concrete Railway Bridge." Sensors 21, no. 23 (November 29, 2021): 7964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237964.
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The paper presents the results of vibroacoustic tests of a plate girder railway bridge consisting of two parallel dilated structures and a common ballast trough. The requirements currently set for railway bridges relate to, among others, vibrations considered as one of the criteria for traffic safety and to noise emissions that may pose a threat to the environment. In this article, the results of tests conducted on vibrations of elements of the analyzed structure are presented, and the level of these vibrations in terms of meeting the requirements of the European standards is assessed. Vibrating criteria of structure performance were checked, and safety was assessed. The results of noise measurements in the vicinity of the analyzed bridge are also presented, and the environmental impact of this structure is determined. The test results show that the bridge meets the requirements for vibration acceleration and noise. An increased acoustic emission in the analyzed case does not pose a significant threat, but if this type of structure was on high supports in an urbanized area, it would be a nuisance to the environment.
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Liang, Ru Quan, Jun Hong Ji, Fu Sheng Yan, and Kawaji Masahiro. "An Experiment on the Surface Stability of a Liquid Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 502 (April 2012): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.502.249.
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A liquid bridge formed between two coaxial, circular, solid disks was vibrated to study the effects of small vibrations on the stability of a free surface of the liquid bridge. The liquid bridge was vibrated by tapping its upper disk and by using a motor placed nearby. Experiments were conducted for isothermal liquid bridges of silicone oil (5 cSt) with a disk diameter of 7.0 mm. By subjecting the liquid bridge to small vibrations, the characteristics of vibration-induced surface oscillation have been clearly determined.
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Chang, Seongkyu. "Active Mass Damper for Reducing Wind and Earthquake Vibrations of a Long-Period Bridge." Actuators 9, no. 3 (August 7, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9030066.
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An active mass damper (AMD) was developed that uses a linear motor and coil spring to reduce the vertical vibration of a long-period cable-stayed bridge subjected to wind and earthquake loads. A scaled-down bridge model and AMD were fabricated, and the control effect of the AMD was investigated experimentally and analytically. The AMD was controlled via a linear quadratic Gaussian algorithm, which combines a linear quadratic regulator and Kalman filter. The dynamic properties were investigated using a 1/10 scale indoor experimental model, and the results confirmed that the measured and analytical accelerations were consistent. A vibrator was used to simulate the wind-induced vibration, and the experimental and analytical results were consistent. The proposed AMD was confirmed to damp the free vibration and harmonic load and increase the damping ratio of the bridge model from 0.17% to 9.2%. Finally, the control performance of the proposed AMD was numerically investigated with the scaled-down bridge model subjected to the El Centro and Imperial Valley-02 earthquakes. These results were compared with those of a TMD, and they confirmed that the proposed AMD could reduce excessive vertical vibrations of long-period cable-stayed bridges subjected to wind and earthquakes.
10
Lu, Guanya, Kehai Wang, and Weizuo Guo. "Vibration characteristic analyses of medium-and small-span girder bridge groups in highway systems based on machine learning models." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 11 (March 3, 2021): 2336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433221997722.
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There are large amounts of small-and medium-span girder bridges which bear structural similarity, while the large-scale bridge structures are generally limited in the timely applications of structural vibration characteristics. Therefore, in this study a framework based on machine learning models was proposed to analyze the vibration characteristics of specific line bridge groups. The probability distributions of structural, geometric, and material properties of bridge groups in specific lines were obtained using statistical tools and a Latin hypercube sampling method was used to generate reasonable sample sets for the bridges group, and parameterized finite element models of the bridges were established. Then, the optimal models were tuned and determined to predict fundamental mode and period by the 10-fold cross-validation method applying the numerical simulation results. This study’s results showed that the random forest models divided the vibration modes of the bridge groups into the longitudinal vibrations of the main girders and the longitudinal vibrations of the adjacent spans and side piers with a classification accuracy of greater than 90%, while the artificial neural network models exhibited the lowest normalized mean square error for the periods. The periods mainly ranged between 0.7 and 1.5 s. Furthermore, the bearing settings, ratios of the pier height to section diameters, and boundary types were determined to be the most significant properties influencing the fundamental modes and periods of the examined bridges, by respectively observing the reduced value of the random forest Gini indices and distribution of the generalized weight value of the input variables in artificial neural networks. This study provides an intelligent and efficient method for obtaining vibration characteristics of bridges group for a specific network.
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Ventura, C. E., A. J. Felber, and S. F. Stiemer. "Determination of the dynamic characteristics of the Colquitz River Bridge by full-scale testing." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 536–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-058.
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This paper presents the results of full-scale tests performed at the Colquitz River Bridge near Victoria, British Columbia (B.C.), Canada, during September 1992 to determine the dynamic characteristics of the structure. The five-span bridge was completed in 1954 and is part of the Trans-Canada Highway. It is 82.68 m long and 11.89 m wide, and has six continuous steel girders supporting a 175 mm thick concrete deck. This particular bridge was chosen for testing because of its typical nature of many B.C. bridges, its location in an area of high seismic risk, and its excellent site accessibility. The tests included extensive measurements of ambient vibrations induced by traffic and other sources to determine the dynamic characteristics of the bridge. The most significant vertical and lateral mode shapes and associated periods of vibration were determined from vibration measurements at more than 50 different locations of the deck, piers, and abutments. Although a large amount of data were collected, they were quickly processed and analyzed with an innovative system developed at The University of British Columbia. One of the important features of this system is that it permits the identification of the principal modes of vibration immediately after the data have been collected. In addition to the ambient vibration tests, quick release pullback tests were conducted to verify modal frequencies determined from the ambient vibration tests and to determine the damping of the fundamental modes. These tests consisted of loading the bridge at a selected location with a force of about 90 kN and then releasing this load very quickly to induce free vibrations. The information obtained from the field tests was used to refine a computer finite element model of the bridge, which, in turn, was used to gain insight into the dynamic behaviour of specific components of the bridge. Further, this information was used later by the bridge owner to evaluate the bridge's expected response during an earthquake. Key words: steel bridges, dynamic response, full-scale tests.
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Liu, Quanmin, Xiaozhen Li, Xun Zhang, Yunlai Zhou, and Y. Frank Chen. "Applying constrained layer damping to reduce vibration and noise from a steel-concrete composite bridge: An experimental and numerical investigation." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 6 (July 24, 2018): 1743–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218789606.
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Structure-borne noise from railway bridges has become increasingly severe due to increased train speeds and axle loads. Constrained layer damping can suppress structural vibration and noise considerably across a wide frequency range by dissipating vibrational energy via damping layer shear deformation. This paper proposes a theoretical method of calculating the train-induced vibration and noise of a constrained layer damping-enhanced railway bridge based on the train–track–bridge coupled vibration, the modal strain energy method, and statistical energy analysis. First, the vibration responses of bridge decks were obtained via train–track–bridge coupled vibration calculations. Second, the constrained layer damping subsystem modal loss factors were determined via modal strain energy analysis and converted to damping loss factors in 1/3 octave band. Third, upon substituting the vibration energies of the decks and the damping loss factors of constrained layer damping subsystems into the statistical energy analysis power balance equations, the transmitted vibration energy results from various bridge subsystems were determined by solving the referenced equations. The structure-borne noise from the bridge was finally determined by analyzing the vibratory energies of all of the bridge subsystems using vibro-acoustic theory. Numerical analysis and field measurements of vibration and noise from a three-span steel–concrete composite bridge before and after constrained layer damping installation were performed. The predicted train-induced vibration and noise agreed well with the measured results. The stringer web and flange vibration velocity levels were reduced by 10.5 dB and 6.1 dB, respectively, and the sound pressure level at a measurement point 25 m (horizontal) from the track centerline and 1.5 m off the ground decreased by 4.3 dB(A).
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Jeong, Seunghoo, Young-Joo Lee, and Sung-Han Sim. "Serviceability Assessment Method of Stay Cables with Vibration Control Using First-Passage Probability." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (May 6, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4138279.
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As the construction of long-span bridges such as cable-stayed bridges increases worldwide, maintaining bridge serviceability and operability has become an important issue in civil engineering. The stay cable is a principal component of cable-stayed bridges and is generally lightly damped and intrinsically vulnerable to vibration. Excessive vibrations in stay cables can potentially cause long-term fatigue accumulation and serviceability issues. Previous studies have mainly focused on the mitigation of cable vibration within an acceptable operational level, while little attention has been paid to the quantitative assessment of serviceability enhancement provided by vibration control. This study accordingly proposed and evaluated a serviceability assessment method for stay cables equipped with vibration control. Cable serviceability failure was defined according to the range of acceptable cable responses provided in most bridge design codes. The cable serviceability failure probability was then determined by means of the first-passage problem using VanMarcke’s approximation. The proposed approach effectively allows the probability of serviceability failure to be calculated depending on the properties of any installed vibration control method. To demonstrate the proposed method, the stay cables of the Second Jindo Bridge in South Korea were evaluated and the analysis results accurately reflected cable behavior during a known wind event and show that the appropriate selection of vibration control method and properties can effectively reduce the probability of serviceability failure.
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Mottahed, Jaber, Jabbar A. Zakeri, and Saeed Mohammadzadeh. "Field and numerical investigation of the effect of under-sleeper pads on the dynamic behavior of railway bridges." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 8 (March 19, 2018): 2126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718764027.
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There is a growing need to minimise vibrations of railway structures, especially the railway bridges, due to the increasing speed of trains. Various methods are used to reduce the effects of vibration on bridges. One of the methods is using under-sleeper pads. In this study, a real railway bridge – located in the northern district of Iran – with two spans and a free span length of 7 m was selected for the investigation of the effect of under-sleeper pads on the reduction of vibrations imposed on railway bridges. Field experiments – including the installation of an accelerometer to measure the accelerations beneath bridge decks, on the rail web, and next to the sleeper, and also the installation of Linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) to measure the displacements of midspan point of bridge decks – were conducted. The effect of under-sleeper pads on the reduction of vibration accelerations, displacements, and moments of bridge midspan was investigated by developing numerical models of the bridge and validating its results through experimental outputs. The modeling predicts that the reduction of acceleration imposed on the deck in the first and second spans was different; the reduction effects in the first span were higher, where there was 58% reduction after using under-sleeper pads beneath the sleepers. There was a 15% decrease in the displacement of the bridge deck when under-sleeper pads are used. Similar results were obtained for the midspan moment of the bridge which reduced by 16%.
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Lan, Tianyang, Weimin Xu, Shichao Zhao, Feng Liu, and Yang Liu. "Advances in Vibration-Based Scour Monitoring for Bridge Foundations." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022127.
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Abstract Scouring around bridge foundations is one of the main factors causing structural damage of bridges. Traditional scour monitoring techniques generally require a large number of sensing devices set up underwater, which is difficult to be implemented for actual bridges. To address this issue, scour monitoring technology based on structural vibrations is paid attention gradually, because this technique can work well with less equipment and can be free from the influence of the submerged environment. This study presents a systematic summary and analysis of the selection of scour indicators, sensor deployment principles and other related research involved in scour monitoring technology based on structural vibration. On this basis, the research status of the bridge scour monitoring method based on vehicle excitation is further summarized. Finally, the prospects for the application of vibration-based bridge foundation scour monitoring technology are presented, discussing the technologies that are currently missing and urgently needed for this monitoring method and the challenges faced today.
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Konovalov, Anatolij, and Marina Pustovalova. "Performance of a Suspension Bridge with Active Vibration Dampers." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819601017.
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Suspended structures that are used extensively in construction of motorway and pedestrian bridges allow bridging wide spans without having to install intermediate supports. Being less stiff in comparison to girder and arch bridges, suspension bridges require their dynamic properties to be controlled [1, 2]. This is a vital task when it comes to suspension bridges. Several engineering arrangements are available to control the dynamic properties of the structures [3]. This paper addresses the use of active dampers [4] installed on the tops of the towers as the means to control vibrations of a suspension bridge. To this end, a planar 3D model of suspension bridge was built using ANSYS software. The authors compared stress-strain behavior and dynamic properties of the models with and without active vibration dampers. In contrast to the initial model, the model of a bridge equipped with active dampers exhibits less displacement in all cross-sections. Thus, the displacements are reduced 1.7 times in the middle of the central span of suspended stiffening truss; 2.7 times in the middle of the end span; and displacements of the top of the bridge tower are 1.6 times less. The modal analysis has shown that in the model with active dampers the frequency of transverse vibrations at the tower tops has increased 1.9 times, while vertical vibrations have increased within 23%. Under maximum applied overpressure in the active damper, torsional vibrations of the structure have increased 2.4 times as compared to the initial model. The results obtained by the authors allow for the conclusion that active dampers are useful tools for controlling the dynamic properties of a suspension bridge.
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Shin, Ryota, Yukihiko Okada, and Kyosuke Yamamoto. "Discussion on a Vehicle–Bridge Interaction System Identification in a Field Test." Sensors 23, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010539.
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For infrastructures to be sustainable, it is essential to improve maintenance and management efficiency. Vibration-based monitoring methods are being investigated to improve the efficiency of infrastructure maintenance and management. In this paper, signals from acceleration sensors attached to vehicles traveling on bridges are processed. Methods have been proposed to individually estimate the modal parameters of bridges and road unevenness from vehicle vibrations. This study proposes a method to simultaneously estimate the mechanical parameters of the vehicle, bridge, and road unevenness with only a few constraints. Numerical validation examined the effect of introducing the Kalman filter on the accuracy of estimating the mechanical parameters of vehicles and bridges. In field tests, vehicle vibration, bridge vibration, and road unevenness were measured and verified, respectively. The road surface irregularities estimated by the proposed method were compared with the measured values, which were somewhat smaller than the measured values. Future studies are needed to improve the efficiency of vehicle vibration preprocessing and optimization methods and to establish a methodology for evaluating accuracy.
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Yin, Xinfeng, Yang Liu, Lu Deng, and Xuan Kong. "Dynamic Behavior of Damaged Bridge with Multi-Cracks Under Moving Vehicular Loads." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 02 (March 2017): 1750019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500195.
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When studying the vibration of a bridge–vehicle coupled system, most researchers mainly focus on the intact or original bridge structures. Nonetheless, a large number of bridges were built long ago, and most of them have suffered serious deterioration or damage due to the increasing traffic loads, environmental effect, material aging, and inadequate maintenance. Therefore, the effect of damage of bridges, such as cracks, on the vibration of vehicle–bridge coupled system should be studied. The objective of this study is to develop a new method for considering the effect of cracks and road surface roughness on the bridge response. Two vehicle models were introduced: a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) vehicle model and a full-scale vehicle model with seven degrees of freedom (DOFs). Three typical bridges were investigated herein, namely, a single-span uniform beam, a three-span stepped beam, and a non-uniform three-span continuous bridge. The massless rotational spring was adopted to describe the local flexibility induced by a crack on the bridge. The coupled equations for the bridge and vehicle were established by combining the equations of motion for both the bridge and vehicles using the displacement relationship and interaction force relationship at the contact points. The numerical results show that the proposed method can rationally simulate the vibrations of the bridge with cracks under moving vehicular loads.
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Jin, B., D. Liu, and CK Zhu. "Experimental study on bridge vibration test." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2158, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2158/1/012016.
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Abstract Taking Chaihe bridge in Tieling City and Songhuajiang railway bridge on Binbei line as examples, the vibration test is carried out by using the environmental excitation method. By testing and comparing the first three typical vibration modes of the two bridges, and the experimental research shows that: A. compared with Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Bridge, truss bridge has higher stiffness. B. The span and height of truss bridge can be higher and farther than that of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Bridge; C. Truss bridge is more convenient in testing, maintenance and health monitoring, and has good performance and stability.
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Wei, Zhaolan, Mengting Lv, Siyin Wu, Minghui Shen, Meng Yan, Shaomin Jia, Yi Bao, Peng Han, and Zuyin Zou. "Lateral Vibration Control of Long-Span Small-Radius Curved Steel Box Girder Pedestrian Bridge with Distributed Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers." Sensors 22, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 4329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124329.
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Curved pedestrian bridges are important urban infrastructure with the desired adaptability to the landscape constraints and with aesthetic benefits. Pedestrian bridges feature thin cross-sections, which provide sufficient load capacities but lead to low natural frequencies that make the bridges susceptible to vibration under pedestrian excitation. This study investigates the lateral vibration of a curved bridge with a small radius down to 20 m, proposes an approach to mitigate the lateral vibration of bridges with large curvatures using distributed multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD), and conducts in-situ bridge tests to evaluate the vibration mitigation performance. The lateral vibration was investigated through in-situ tests and finite element analysis as well as the code requirements. The key parameters of the distributed MTMD system were improved by strategically selecting the mass ratio, bandwidth, center frequency ratio, and damper number. The results showed that the curved bridge was subjected to significant lateral vibration due to the coupling of torque and moment, and the recommended design parameters for the studied bridge were derived, i.e., the total mass ratio is 0.02, bandwidth is 0.15, center frequency ratio is 1.0, and damper number is 3. The proposed approach effectively improves the deployment of MTMD for lateral vibration control of the curved bridge. The field tests showed that the vibration was reduced by up to 82% by using the proposed approach.
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Wang, Hao, Tianyou Tao, Tong Guo, Jian Li, and Aiqun Li. "Full-Scale Measurements and System Identification on Sutong Cable-Stayed Bridge during Typhoon Fung-Wong." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/936832.
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The structural health monitoring system (SHMS) provides an effective tool to conduct full-scale measurements on existing bridges for essential research on bridge wind engineering. In July 2008, Typhoon Fung-Wong lashed China and hit Sutong cable-stayed bridge (SCB) in China. During typhoon period, full-scale measurements were conducted to record the wind data and the structural vibration responses were collected by the SHMS installed on SCB. Based on the statistical method and the spectral analysis technique, the measured data are analyzed to obtain the typical parameters and characteristics. Furthermore, this paper analyzed the measured structural vibration responses and indicated the vibration characteristics of the stay cable and the deck, the relationship between structural vibrations and wind speed, the comparison of upstream and downstream cable vibrations, the effectiveness of cable dampers, and so forth. Considering the significance of damping ratio in vibration mitigation, the modal damping ratios of the SCB are identified based on the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) combined with the random decrement technique (RDT). The analysis results can be used to validate the current dynamic characteristic analysis methods, buffeting calculation methods, and wind tunnel test results of the long-span cable-stayed bridges.
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Zhao, Guohui, Zhichao Wang, Shuo Zhu, Jianming Hao, and Jun Wang. "Experimental Study of Mitigation of Wind-Induced Vibration in Asymmetric Cable-Stayed Bridge Using Sharp Wind Fairings." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010242.
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This paper investigated the aerodynamic response features of an asymmetric cable-stayed bridge. The wind resistance design parameters for judging the response were first determined, afterwards the bridge dynamic characteristics were analyzed for subsequent aerodynamic analysis. The vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and flutter response at various wind fairing angles were then examined by using a 1:50 sectional model in the wind tunnel test. Finally, a 1:150 full bridge aeroelastic model was employed to explore the aerodynamic stability and characteristics of the whole asymmetric bridge under different wind attack angles in various flow fields. The results show that the sharp wind fairings could reduce the VIV amplitude of the steel box girder cable-stayed bridge to some extent, and the example bridge has examined to have enough flutter stability through sectional and full bridge aeroelastic model wind tunnel tests. Unlike symmetric bridges, the bridge’s maximum displacement of first torsion mode shape is at the closure rather than the mid-span, which is the essential reason to lead this unique vibration feature. The results from the present study could highlight the important effect of structural asymmetry and fairing shape to the wind-induced bridge vibration and hence may facilitate more appropriate wind design of asymmetric cable-stayed bridges.
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Qi, Su, Xing Xing Chen, and Qing Xu. "Study on Cable-Stayed Bridge Flutter Active Control by a Single ADM." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5071.
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Wind-induced vibration of long span bridges mainly as flutter, buffeting and vortex induced vibration. Buffeting and vortex-induced vibration will not cause the devastating destruction of the bridge, while the chatter is the elastic system in the air of self-excited vibration, when the vibration system from the air flow in the absorption of energy and the energy is greater than the energy damping When consumed, they cause divergence of the self-excited aerodynamic flutter vibration. If the critical flutter wind speed is less than in the bridge office potential wind speed, the bridge flutter may occur caused devastating damage. According to modern control theory, a theoretical analysis is conducted on the active control of cable-stayed bridge flutter, it is established that the controlled equation of cable-stayed bridge controlled by a single active mass damper and the motion equation of a single AMD to determine the calculation method of the critical flutter velocity under the controlled status of the cable-stayed bridge. An example shows that a single ADM is a good means to prevent the flutter damage of long-span cable-stayed bridges.
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Liu, Ai-Rong, Chun-Hui Liu, Ji-Yang Fu, Yong-Lin Pi, Yong-Hui Huang, and Jun-Ping Zhang. "A Method of Reinforcement and Vibration Reduction of Girder Bridges Using Shape Memory Alloy Cables." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 07 (September 2017): 1750076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500766.
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Bending and torsional vibrations caused by moving vehicle loads are likely to affect the traffic safety and comfort for girder bridges with limited torsional rigidity. This paper studies the use of cables made of shape memory alloy (SMA) as the devices of reinforcement and vibration reduction for girder bridges. The SMA cables are featured by their small volume, expedient installation. To investigate their effect on the vibration of girder bridges, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental study were conducted in this paper. For bending vibration, the governing equations of the girder with and without SMA cables subjected to moving vehicle loads were derived, while for torsional vibration, the finite element (FE) simulations were used instead. The results of bending and torsional vibrations obtained by the analytical approach and FE simulations, respectively, were compared with the experimental ones from model testing. It was confirmed that the SMA cables can restrain the vibration of the girder bridge effectively.
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KILIKEVIČIUS, Artūras, Darius BAČINSKAS, Mindaugas JUREVIČIUS, Kristina KILIKEVIČIENĖ, Antanas FURSENKO, Jonas JAKAITIS, and Eligijus TOLOČKA. "FIELD TESTING AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF OLD CONTINUOUS TRUSS STEEL BRIDGE." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 13, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2018.394.
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Paper presents dynamic field test and analysis results of a three span railway steel continuous truss bridge over river Neris in Jonava. Bridge was originally constructed in 1914. In the period of the World War II and afterwards the bridge was many time destroyed by German and Soviet armies. In 1948 the new railway bridge was constructed. Object of the present paper is to evaluate dynamic behaviour of the railway bridge after 67 years in service. Experimental dynamic analysis was divided into resonance-vibration, forced-vibration and free vibration studies. Resonance-vibrations of the bridge were excited by separate actions of shock loading and standard locomotive 2M62. Forced-vibrations were measured under the action of locomotive 2M62. Additionally, free vibration tests under passage of freight and passenger trains have been carried out. Structural dynamic response of the bridge was analysed using Brüel & Kjær LAN XI dynamic test system and software. As a result, main dynamic parameters of the bridge were obtained. The main results include: mode shapes, frequencies of natural and forced vibrations, damping ratios, maximum amplitudes of accelerations, dynamic displacements. The obtained values were compared to the requirements of different design codes. Based on the achieved results concluding remarks and recommendations regarding the condition of the bridge after long-term period in service were presented.
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Zhou, Guangwei, Changzhao Qian, and Changping Chen. "Research on the Approximate Calculation Method of the Fundamental Frequency and Its Characteristics on a Tensioned String Bridge." Processes 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10010126.
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As a new type of composite bridge, the dynamic structural characteristics of a tensioned string bridge need to be deeply studied. In this paper, based on the structural characteristics of a tensioned string bridge, the Rayleigh method is used to derive formulas for calculating the frequencies of vertical, antisymmetric and lateral bending vibrations. The characteristics of the vertical and lateral bending vibration frequencies are summarized. The fundamental frequencies of the antisymmetric vertical bending and lateral bending of the tensioned string bridge are the same as that of the single-span beam under the corresponding constraint conditions. The shape and physical characteristics of the main cable have no effect on the frequency. The vertical bending symmetrical vibration frequency of the tensioned string bridge is greater than the corresponding symmetrical vibration frequency of the simply supported beam. The shape and physical characteristics of the main cable have a greater impact on the vertical bending symmetrical vibration frequency than the lateral bending frequency, and the vertical bending symmetrical vibration frequency increases with an increasing rise-to-span ratio. The tension force of the main cable has no influence on the frequency of tensioned string bridges. The first-order frequency of the tensioned string bridge is generally the vertical bending symmetrical vibration frequency. By adopting a tensioned string bridge structure, the fundamental frequency of a structure can be greatly increased, thereby increasing the overall rigidity of the structure. Finally, an engineering example is applied with the finite element parameter analysis method to study the vibration frequency characteristics of the tensioned string bridge, which verifies the correctness of the formula derived in this paper. The finite element analysis results show that the errors between the derived formula in this paper and the finite element calculation results are less than 2%, indicating that the formula derived in this paper has high calculation accuracy and can meet the calculation accuracy requirements of engineering applications.
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Hou, Jing Ru, and Li Jun Zhao. "Effect of Different Compaction Methods on Bridge Pavement." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 1073–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.1073.
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In order to analyze the influence of different compaction methods on bridge deck vibration and bridge pavement compaction quality, the field test and laboratory test of oscillating compaction and vibrating compaction were carried out. The results demonstrated bridge deck vibration caused by the intrinsic exciting force of compactor contributed to vibrating compaction. On the pattern of oscillating compaction, the disturbance of bridge deck due to the exciting force of compactor is the main factor to induce bridge vibration. Furthermore, the vibration acceleration and amplitude in lateral, longitudinal and vertical direction, oscillating compaction are much smaller than that of vibrating compaction. Compared with vibrating compaction, the rolling efficiency of oscillating compaction is obviously higher and the final compaction degree also is much higher. Besides that, phenomenon of crushing the coarse aggregate is exists in the compaction construction, in which the effect of vibrating compaction on crushing the coarse aggregate is more obvious than oscillating compaction, and the range of crushing the coarse aggregate caused by vibratory compaction is larger than oscillating compaction.
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XIA, HE, YANMEI CAO, NAN ZHANG, and JINGJIAN QU. "VIBRATION EFFECTS OF LIGHT-RAIL TRAIN-VIADUCT SYSTEM ON SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 02, no. 02 (June 2002): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455402000488.
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The objective of this paper is to study the dynamic impacts of moving light-rail trains on viaduct bridges and the vibrations induced on the surrounding ground. The study is based on theoretical analysis and field experiment. The theoretical study is performed in two stages using a 2D interaction model of "train-bridge" system for obtaining the dynamic loads of moving trains on the bridge piers, and a 2D dynamic model of "pier-foundation-ground" system for analyzing the vibration responses of the surrounding ground. In the field experiment, the dynamic responses of bridge piers and the ground accelerations are measured at different distances under different train speeds.
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Fang, Yao-Min, and Jun-Ping Pu. "Field Tests and Simulation of Lion-Head River Bridge." Shock and Vibration 14, no. 3 (2007): 181–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/348640.
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Lion-Head River Bridge is a twin bridge in parallel position. The east-bounded was designed and constructed as a traditional prestress concrete box girder bridge with pot bearings; and the west-bounded was installed with seismic isolation devices of lead rubber bearings. The behavior of the isolated bridge is compared with that of the traditional bridge through several field tests including the ambient vibration test, the force vibration test induced by shakers, the free vibration test induced by a push and fast release system, and the truck test. The bridges suffered from various extents of damage due to the Chi-Chi and the Chi-I earthquakes of great strength during the construction and had been retrofitted. The damage was reflected by the change of the bridges' natural frequencies obtained from the ambient vibration tests. The models of the two bridges are simulated by the finite element method based on the original design drawings. Soil-structure interaction was also scrutinized in this study. The simulation was then modified based on the results from the field tests. Dynamic parameters of bridges are identified and compared with those from theoretical simulation. The efficiency is also verified to be better for an isolated bridge.
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Li, Mao Qi. "Study on Dynamic Test of a Large Span Steel Truss Pedestrian Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.769.
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To prevent a long-span steel truss pedestrian bridge vibration problem, finite element model was established by analysis software ANSYS, studies on this pedestrian bridge’s vibration question were carried on by frequent spectrum analysis based on recorded data and modal analysis. It has determined the vibrating level. In addition, the reason for this pedestrian bridge’s vibration has been thoroughly analyzed from the pedestrian and traffic, and had dynamic response analysis of pedestrian bridges under the crowd of pedestrians walking load. Then the main reason which causes the actual vibration characteristic has been found. Thus these both gave the reasonable explanation to the vertical vibration and provided the reference for the similar structure’s dynamic performance research.
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Li, Wen Ping, Shu Li Chen, and Mu Biao Su. "Lateral Vibration Research for Railway Deck Steel Plate Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1646.
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In this paper, the vehicle-bridge lateral vibration mechanism was analyzed; the vehicle-bridge vibration model was built and the lateral reinforcement schemes of open steel plate bridges were designed. Numbers of analysis were carried out for the lateral vibration of 40m deck steel plate bridges before and after reinforcement, under input of random artificial hunting waves and track irregularity. The results showed that, the frequency of hunting motion is approaching loaded frequency of the girder. The larger lateral amplitude appears on the bridge when the hunting wavelength is around 8~9m and the velocity of the train is around 55~70km/h. The wavelength is longer, the resonant velocity of the bridge is higher.
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Spasojevic-Surdilovic, Marija, Srdjan Zivkovic, Dragana Turnic, and Marko Milosevic. "Modelling of pedestrian-induced load in serviceability limit state analysis of footbridges." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 20, no. 1 (2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace220301005s.
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The last few decades new trends in the design of pedestrian bridges have resulted in lighter and more slender structures. This leads to a reduction in natural frequencies and increased flexibility, and thus a greater possibility for structures to become more exposed to excessive vibrations caused by pedestrians. The lager amplitudes of vibrations occur if the pace frequency of excitation load approaches one of natural frequency of footbridge. The vibration of high proportions may cause pedestrians to feel uncomfortable, sick or unsafe while crossing the bridge. In modern pedestrian bridge design, human-induced vibrations have become an important issue. Footbridge vibrations occur in vertical, lateral and longitudinal direction, and torsion of the bridge deck is also possible. The main types of pedestrian action on the bridge are walking and running, while jumping, bouncing, swaying are considered to be intentional, or sometimes even vandal excitation. Pedestrian-induced loads are difficult to model since pedestrians may have different weight, various number in the groups randomly distributed over the bridge deck. Also, the walking velocity may vary from a pedestrian to a pedestrian. The load models appropriately set up are of great importance for understanding the response of the bridge. Principles of modeling of the human-induced load and some characteristic models of pedestrian loads, described in proposals and codes, are presented in this paper. Some results of Serviceability Limit State analysis, in terms of human-induced vibration, of the pedestrian bridge over the Nisava River in Nis, are also presented.
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Yuan, Jia Yu, Zhi Ping Zeng, Can Liu, Xian Feng He, and Kun Teng Zhu. "Study of Bridge Piers Lateral Stiffness in Railway Vehicle-Bridge System." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.868.
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With the high-speed railway construction, studying of the vehicle-bridge vibration system increasingly important. This article established a range of high-speed trains linear model and standard high-speed railway 32 m span bridge model then a combination of both established based on ANSYS vehicle-bridge finite element model. Followed based on ANSYS high-speed train-bridge Coupled Vibration Simulation Analysis System. Analysis of a variety mound lateral stiffness, According to the analysis results of the piers of the basic principles. The bridge has been established based on the finite element model. Respectively, from the height of piers and pier-shaped two aspects to computational analysis the piers for bridge Coupled Vibration of Dynamic Response of Bridges. Provide a reference for the design of high-speed railway.
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Li, Xiaozhen, Dangxiong Wang, Dejun Liu, Lifeng Xin, and Xun Zhang. "Dynamic analysis of the interactions between a low-to-medium-speed maglev train and a bridge: Field test results of two typical bridges." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 7 (February 16, 2018): 2039–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718758502.
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The rated suspension gap of a low-to-medium-speed maglev train with electromagnetic suspension is normally 8–10 mm. However, while either passing over a bridge or being stationary on one, the maglev train deforms the bridge and therefore alters the suspension gap. Hence, a problem arises due to coupled vibrations between the maglev train and its supporting bridge. In the study reported here, field experiments were conducted on the Chinese Changsha maglev line, which was the first commercial low-to-medium-speed maglev line in China. The focus is on two types of pre-stressed double-track concrete bridges on the maglev line. One is a simply supported girder with a span of 25 m, while the other is a continuous girder designed as 25 + 35 + 25 m. The accelerations and vertical dynamic deflections of the two bridges at midspan were measured while a five-module low-to-medium-speed maglev train with electromagnetic suspension either passed over or was stationary on either bridge, as were the accelerations of the car body and the suspension frame. The basic dynamic characteristics of the two bridges are analysed and compared with those of bridges in various typical maglev lines. The vibration characteristics of the two bridges, the car body and the suspension frame are studied in the time and frequency domains for the maglev train running at normal speeds, low speeds and when stationary. The influences of the speed on the dynamic characteristics are discussed. Some comparisons with other studies are also carried out, including the effects of bridge parameters on the coupled vibrations and the running stability of a low-to-medium-speed maglev and a CRH2C wheel/rail train. Significant conclusions are drawn from the analysis: increasing the rigidity and mass of the bridge can significantly reduce its vibration; increasing the span and deflection of the bridge increases the vibrations of the car body and the suspension frame; the dynamics of the maglev vehicle and bridges are different when the maglev train runs at normal speeds (more than 30 km/h), low speeds (less than 30 km/h) and when being stationary. The running stability of a low-to-medium-speed maglev train is better than that of a CRH2C high-speed train. The present study provides a test basis for further research on the mechanisms for coupled vibrations of maglev train–bridge systems.
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Jiao, Ling. "Estimation of Fatigue Life of Long-Span Bridge by Considering Vehicle- Bridge Coupled Vibration." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (October 7, 2015): 944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01509010944.
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To estimate the fatigue life of long-span steel bridge more accurately, this paper proposes a method for estimating the fatigue life of long-span bridges by considering vehicle-bridge coupled vibration. Firstly, the universal equation of vehicle-bridge vibration is derived based on triaxial standard multi-scale model of fatigue vehicle and bridge, and relevant program for vehicle-bridge coupled vibration is programmed. Secondly, a method for estimating the fatigue life of long-span steel bridge is proposed based on fracture mechanics theories, and the analysis process is expounded in details. Finally, the method for estimating fatigue life proposed in this paper is verified by taking a double pylon cablestayed bridge with orthotropic steel bridge deck slab as an example.
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Yang, Jian Rong, Yu Bai, Xiao Dong Yang, and Yun Feng. "Dynamic Amplification Factor Measuring of T-Girder Bridges." Key Engineering Materials 540 (January 2013): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.540.29.
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Field measurement was conducted on the evaluation of dynamic amplification factors (DAF) for four existing T-girder bridges. Both ambient vibration testing and vehicle impact testing were carried out on the bridges. Ambient vibration testing is relatively easier to conduct and can provide detailed vibrating information of the structure. However vehicle impact testing is indispensable to obtain the impact factor of the traffic load. The measured vibration frequencies matched well to those of calculated values. This means that the finite element model may enable good predictions of the actual behavior of the bridge. The measured DAF for these bridges located in the interval [1.05, 1.22].
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Szulej, Jacek, and Paweł Ogrodnik. "Determining the level of damping vibration in bridges and footbridges." Budownictwo i Architektura 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_16_151_10.
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While designing slim and slender structures such as cable-stayed, suspended and arch bridges and footbridges, data on the dynamic behavior of structure are required. One of the main quantities, included in the calculations, is the damping parameter of vibration of the structure whose corresponding value has a direct impact on the proper behavior of the facility. One of currently applied approaches in the case of complex constructions, is the use of methods defining the equivalent damping coefficient which refers to the given form of natural vibrations. Among these methods, the collocation method and energy method can be distinguished. The collocation method refers to the existing facilities and requires performing measurements of vibration and spectral processing of time course of vibrations. The energy method requires the creation of FEM model of construction and it estimates the kinetic energy of the vibrating system. The above- mentioned methods are used in the calculations of the damping level of vibration of two structures, i.e.: arch John Paul II Bridge in Pulawy and a footbridge located in Lublin.
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Khan, Farid Ullah, and Iftikhar Ahmad. "Review of Energy Harvesters Utilizing Bridge Vibrations." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1340402.
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For health monitoring of bridges, wireless acceleration sensor nodes (WASNs) are normally used. In bridge environment, several forms of energy are available for operating WASNs that include wind, solar, acoustic, and vibration energy. However, only bridge vibration has the tendency to be utilized for embedded WASNs application in bridge structures. This paper reports on the recent advancements in the area of vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) utilizing bridge oscillations. The bridge vibration is narrowband (1 to 40 Hz) with low acceleration levels (0.01 to 3.8 g). For utilization of bridge vibration, electromagnetic based vibration energy harvesters (EM-VEHs) and piezoelectric based vibration energy harvesters (PE-VEHs) have been developed. The power generation of the reported EM-VEHs is in the range from 0.7 to 1450000 μW. However, the power production by the developed PE-VEHs ranges from 0.6 to 7700 μW. The overall size of most of the bridge VEHs is quite comparable and is in mesoscale. The resonant frequencies of EM-VEHs are on the lower side (0.13 to 27 Hz) in comparison to PE-VEHs (1 to 120 Hz). The power densities reported for these bridge VEHs range from 0.01 to 9539.5 μW/cm3and are quite enough to operate most of the commercial WASNs.
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Chen, Gang S., Feng Xiao, Wael Zatar, and J. Leroy Hulsey. "Characterization of Nonstationary Mode Interaction of Bridge by Considering Deterioration of Bearing." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5454387.
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As all bridges get deteriorated over time, structural health monitoring of these structures has become very important for the damage identification and maintenance work. Evaluating a bridge’s health condition requires the testing of a variety of physical quantities including bridge dynamic responses and the evaluation of the functions of varied bridge subsystems. In this study, both the acceleration of the deck and the dynamic rotational angle of the bearings in a long-span steel girder bridge were measured when the bridge system was excited by passing-by vehicles. The nonstationary dynamical phenomena including vibration mode interactions and coupling are observed in response spectrogram. To elaborate the phenomena, the linear vibration mode properties of the bridge are characterized by finite element analysis and are correlated with the specific modes in test. A theoretical model is presented showing the mechanism of the mode coupling and instability originated from the friction effects in bearing. This study offers some insights into the correlation between complex bridge vibrations and the bearing effects, which lays a foundation for the in situ health monitoring of bridge bearing by using dynamical testing.
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Zhen, Bin, Wenbang Qi, and Liang Chang. "Dynamic Analysis for Lateral Vibrations of Footbridges under Crowd Based on a Two-Degrees-of-Freedom Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (February 18, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7452573.
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Nakamura’s model is widely used to describe lateral vibrations of a footbridge induced by crowd. The predicted responses of Nakamura’s model were compared with measured data of T-bridge and M-bridge in Japan to demonstrate the validity. However, the predicted responses based on Nakamura’s model almost always were stronger than measured data. Considering that both T-bridge and M-bridge are cable-stayed bridges, it seems to be not precise enough to simplify a cable-stayed bridge as a single degree of freedom system in Nakamura’s model. In this paper, we establish a two-degrees-of-freedom model to describe lateral vibrations of a cable-stayed bridge. The cables have one degree, and the bridge deck has the other. Additionally, in this model we introduce a time delay in interaction between the bridge and pedestrians. By employing the center manifold theory, we find that a subcritical Hopf bifurcation occurs in the two-degrees-of-freedom model. We theoretically and numerically illustrate that the cables and time delay have significant influence on the lateral vibration amplitude of a footbridge under crowd. The appropriate increases of tension in the cables and time delay both can decrease the lateral vibration amplitude. The analysis for the proposed two-degrees-of-freedom model shows that the predicted responses of Nakamura’s model can better agree with the measured date if we take the influence of cables and time delay into account.
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Zhao, Caiyou, Wang Ping, Mengting Xing, Qiang Yi, and Liuchong Wang. "Reduction of ground-borne vibrations from rail lines on viaducts by means of elastic anti-vibration mats." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 5 (September 19, 2018): 550–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718800572.
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In this paper, the effectiveness of elastic anti-vibration mats in reducing ground-borne vibrations from rail viaducts is investigated by means of theoretical analysis and is validated by the results of field tests. A two-step procedure is adopted for analyzing the vehicle-track-bridge-soil coupling system. In the first step, the train-track-bridge-pier subsystem is considered, and the bridge-bearing reaction force is solved. In the second step, the pier-pile-soil subsystem is considered, and the ground vibration solution is obtained by applying the negative bridge-bearing reaction force to the pier top on a pier-pile-soil model. The accuracy of the presented model is then verified in comparison with in-situ measurement results. On the basis of this comparison, a parametric study on the impact of anti-vibration mats on ground-borne vibrations was investigated theoretically, and the effectiveness of elastic anti-vibration mats with the suggested optimal parameters was further validated by field tests. The results show that when the stiffness of the elastic anti-vibration mats is 1.5 MPa/m, ground vibration decreases significantly and the vertical rail displacement agrees with high-speed railway regulations.
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Li, Zhen, Dejian Li, Yao Lu, and Chao Tang. "Analysis on vibration control of a large-span pedestrian suspension bridge based on a multiple tuned mass damper system." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 50, no. 2 (February 2019): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957456519834538.
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Tuned mass damper is one of the commonly used passive control devices. It is the earliest used device in civil engineering control of vibration control of high-rise buildings and towering structures. For large-span pedestrian bridges, the pedestrian load spectrum covers many modalities of pedestrian bridges. It is difficult to achieve the expected results with a single tuned mass damper device. In order to obtain efficient damping, the multiple modes of a multiple tuned mass damper which may resonate under excitation are controlled. This chapter adopts the pedestrian suspension bridge over Dongtan River as the subject to arrange a multiple tuned mass damper system in the finite element model of the pedestrian suspension bridge, analyze the effectiveness of the multiple tuned mass damper system on the control of human-induced vibration of a large-span pedestrian suspension bridge, and discuss the vibration reduction effect of the multiple tuned mass damper system on the response to human-induced vibration of the pedestrian suspension bridge. The analysis shows that a multiple tuned mass damper system has a significant effect on controlling human-induced vibration of the pedestrian suspension bridge.
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Shin, Ryota, Yukihiko Okada, and Kyosuke Yamamoto. "Application of C-LSTM Networks to Automatic Labeling of Vehicle Dynamic Response Data for Bridges." Sensors 22, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 3486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093486.
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Maintaining bridges that support road infrastructure is critical to the economy and human life. Structural health monitoring of bridges using vibration includes direct monitoring and drive-by monitoring. Drive-by monitoring uses a vehicle equipped with accelerometers to drive over bridges and estimates the bridge’s health from the vehicle vibration obtained. In this study, we attempt to identify the driving segments on bridges in the vehicle vibration data for the practical application of drive-by monitoring. We developed an in-vehicle sensor system that can measure three-dimensional behavior, and we propose a new problem of identifying the driving segment of vehicle vibration on a bridge from data measured in a field experiment. The “on a bridge” label was assigned based on the peaks in the vehicle vibration when running at joints. A supervised binary classification model using C-LSTM (Convolution—Long-Term Short Memory) networks was constructed and applied to data measured, and the model was successfully constructed with high accuracy. The challenge is to build a model that can be applied to bridges where joints do not exist. Therefore, future work is needed to propose a running label on bridges based on bridge vibration and extend the model to a multi-class model.
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Idris, Nurul Shazwin, H. B. Koh, and Ahmad Fahmy Kamarudin. "A Review of Ambient Vibration Technique on Bridges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 1002–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1002.
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Bridge is one of the important facilities use in daily life as bridge is built to span physical obstacles such as a body of water, valley or road for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. Various testing conducted on the bridge in order to know the dynamic characteristics of the bridges. One of popular testing use is ambient vibration test. Ambient vibration is a non-destructive test conducted using highly sensitive sensor. This testing is easy to be conduct with less labour, time and also cost. This paper aim to provide up to date literature review on ambient vibration test on bridge includes sources of ambient vibration, procedure of conducting the measurement and results from ambient vibration test. It is important to known the dynamic characteristics of the bridge especially to determine the dynamic response of the structure and also as dynamic information for seismic design.
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Han, Xing, Bing Zhu, Jun Ping Wang, and Gui Man Liu. "Coupled Vibration Analysis of Vehicle-Bridge System for Jinsha River Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1194.
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Numerical simulation model to analyze the coupling vibration between vehicle and bridge established in this paper, upon the engineering background of Jinsha River Bridge. The finite element commercial software, ANSYS, is employed to set up the dynamic analysis model and to compute its natural vibration characteristics. Then CRH3 special refined model is built with SIMPACK, a multi-body dynamics commercial software. Considering the factors like track-rail irregularity, the dynamic performance of bridge and driving comfort level are obtained. The analysis results of coupled vibration demonstrate that bridge bears sufficient stiffness due to its satisfying vibration performance; the safety in operation of vehicle meets the requirement with the comfort index of "good". All the results not only provide reference for design, but also work as the theoretical basis for future design of similar bridges. The paper is deemed a s evidence of the priority of bridge-vehicle model by finite element method and multi-body dynamics method. The process of modeling turns to be stylized, which avoids the unnecessary programming for individual project.
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Abdel-Rohman, Mohamed. "The influence of the higher order modes on the dynamic response of suspension bridges." Journal of Vibration and Control 18, no. 9 (October 5, 2011): 1380–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546311418867.
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The influence of the higher order modes of vibrations on the dynamic response of a suspension bridge is studied for two cases of loading. The first case is when the bridge is subjected to wind loading on the suspended cables and the bridge deck. The second case is when the bridge is subjected to a moving load on the bridge deck. The dynamic responses of the bridge deck and the suspended cables considering some higher order modes of vibrations are compared with the bridge response when it is modeled by the first dominant modes for each case of loading. It is shown that the influence of the higher order modes when the suspension bridge is subjected to wind loading is more significant than in the case when the bridge is subjected to a moving load. Therefore, it is recommended to investigate the influence of some higher order modes on the dynamic response of the suspension bridges and not always to depend on the response estimated from the first dominant modes of vibration.
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Gou, Hongye, Xiaoyu Shi, Wen Zhou, Kai Cui, and Qianhui Pu. "Dynamic performance of continuous railway bridges: Numerical analyses and field tests." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 3 (April 6, 2017): 936–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409717702019.
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In this study, a refined finite element model was built that represented the structural and mechanical properties of railway bridges. A coupled vehicle–bridge vibration model was established to simulate the dynamic behavior of the bridge under moving trains. Field tests were then conducted to determine the free vibration characteristics as well as the strain, displacement, and acceleration of the bridge structure under trains moving at different speeds and braking at a specified position from a set speed. The dynamic response of the bridge was found to increase with the train speed, but the main beam of the bridge was more affected by a train braking than the one passing over it. Both the bridge and vehicle were found to meet the relevant requirements for safe design and operation, with the train exhibiting good running safety and smoothness, and the bridge structure showing sufficient stiffness and dynamic performance. Based on the field measurements and analytical modeling, it can be concluded that the use of appropriate equipment and the selection of a suitable layout for the sensors permit the assessment of the dynamic behavior of the bridges from vibration measurements. This indicates the potential for the continuous health monitoring of the railway bridges that may be sensitive to the vehicle–bridge interaction.
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Wen, Ze Peng. "Numerical Solution of Vehicle-Bridge Coupling Vibration." Advanced Materials Research 859 (December 2013): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.859.76.
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The bridge simplified two-dimensional plane beam element model, Simplified to two degrees of freedom quarter vehicle model, The entire bridge system is divided into two subsystems vehicle and bridge, Using separate equations of motion of vehicles and bridges, Proposed bridge systems numerical solution of coupled vibration analysis, The law at the wheel in contact with the deck displacement compatibility conditions for a balanced relationship with the interaction force associated, At each time step using the Newmark-β integration scheme, Through this paper the numerical solution results do comparison with the literature, the results show that the proposed method is reliability and validity.
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XIANG, J., and Q. Y. ZENG. "MECHANISM AND ENERGY RANDOM ANALYSIS OF TRAIN DERAILMENT ON RAILWAY BRIDGES." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 09, no. 04 (December 2009): 585–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455409003193.
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In this paper, the mechanism of train derailment on bridge is developed by applying the system dynamics stability concepts. The theory of energy random analysis for train derailment on bridge is put forward. The contents of the theory are as follows: (1) establishing vibration equation set for the train–bridge system; (2) determining exciting source of transverse vibration of the system; (3) method of energy random analysis of transverse vibration of the system; (4) geometric rules of derailment; (5) calculation of the whole process of train derailment on bridge; (6) criteria of energy increment for judging train derailment on bridge. Finally, three cases concerning train derailment on bridges are treated that coincide with actual conditions. Some main conclusions obtained are: (1) insufficient transversal rigidity of bridge is the reason causing train derailment on bridge and (2) enhancing transversal rigidity of bridge is the main preventive measure against train derailment on bridge.
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Yang, Shi Ruo. "Vibration Analysis of Train and Truss Girder Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 2023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.2023.
Full textAbstract:
Vibration analysis of steel truss bridge is required by promotion in the speed of train. The train and the truss girder bridge are coupled together as one composite system. Truss girder bridge is idealized as an assemblage of finite truss element. The vehicle space vibration model of two-stage suspension is used, which has 26-degrees of freedom. The equations of the train and truss girder bridges time varying system are set up by using the principle of total potential energy with stationary value in elastic system dynamics and the“set-in-right-position”rule for forming structural matrices. This method is more convenient than the finite elements. The vibration responses of train and bridge are calculated when the trains pass through a truss girder bridge at different speeds. The results show that the bridge has sufficient lateral and vertical stiffness.