Journal articles: 'Brian SOUTHWELL'

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Chiba, Marta. "Thomas Brian Southwell." Australian Academic & Research Libraries 27, no. 2 (January 1996): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048623.1996.10754968.

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Grand, Ann. "Social networks and popular understanding of science and health: sharing disparities." Journal of Science Communication 13, no. 04 (December 19, 2014): R01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.13040701.

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In this book, Brian G. Southwell discusses how disparities in information-sharing arise and what can be done to alleviate them. In all sorts of ways and for all sorts of reasons, people have always sought to share information among their family and other social networks. However, this sharing has never been equal: inevitably, some people are better-informed than others and some are more socially-connected than others. At first glance, the plethora of communication tools and technologies available nowadays should help democratise information and reduce disparity but differences in how, when and with whom information is shared create conversation gaps and maintain inequalities. Southwell explores and catalogues information-sharing behaviours, discusses the factors that affect how and why we share information and addresses the questions of why disparities in information-sharing matter and what we can do about the gaps between ‘information-haves’ and ‘information have-nots’.

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Yang, Xuerui, and Shannon Zenner. "Social networks and popular understanding of science and health: Sharing disparities, by Brian G. Southwell." Communication Review 20, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2016.1271657.

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Schäfer, Mike S. "Book Review: Brian G. Southwell, Emily A. Thorson and Laura Sheble (eds), Misinformation and Mass Audiences." Public Understanding of Science 27, no. 8 (June 13, 2018): 1013–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662518783619.

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Deline, Mary Beth. "Brian Southwell, Elizabeth Doran and Laura Richman’s: Innovations in Home Energy Use: a Sourcebok for Behavior Change." Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 6, no. 4 (June 10, 2016): 737–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-016-0404-7.

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Irving, Brian. "History of Nature Saskatchewan's Van Brienen Land Nature Sanctuary." Blue Jay 78, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/bluejay6294.

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Gaspar, Laurie E., Kari Chansky, Kathy S. Albain, Eric Vallieres, Valerie Rusch, John J. Crowley, Robert B. Livingston, and David R. Gandara. "Time From Treatment to Subsequent Diagnosis of Brain Metastases in Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Review by the Southwest Oncology Group." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 13 (May 1, 2005): 2955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.08.026.

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Purpose A retrospective review of the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) database was undertaken to review the incidence and timing of diagnosis of brain metastases in patients undergoing combined-modality therapy for stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Four hundred twenty-two eligible, assessable patients with stage IIIA/B NSCLC were treated on four SWOG protocols. Treatment varied with protocol but consisted of concurrent cisplatin-etoposide and radiation in all patients, with a surgery arm in two of the four protocols. Results Of the 422 total patients, 268 (64%) have experienced disease progression; 54 relapses (20%) were in brain only, 17 (6.5%) were in brain and other sites simultaneously, and 197 (63.5%) were in sites other than brain. Of the 268 patients with disease progression, progression in the brain only, in the brain and other sites, and not in the brain occurred in 20%, 6%, and 74% of patients, respectively. Time from treatment to diagnosis of disease progression in the brain in 71 patients was as follows: during treatment, 16 relapses (22.5%); 0 to 16 weeks after treatment, 17 relapses (24%); 16 weeks to 6 months after treatment, 10 relapses (14%); 6 to 12 months after treatment, 16 relapses (22.5%); and more than 12 months after treatment, 12 relapses (17%). Nonsquamous histology and young patient age were the only significant predictors for increased risk of early relapse with brain metastases. Conclusion Brain metastases often develop early in the course of treatment for stage IIIA/B NSCLC. The statistical designs of ongoing trials of prophylactic cranial irradiation in stage III NSCLC have taken this into account.

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Kramer, Jacob. "The Red Coast: Radicalism and Anti-radicalism in Southwest Washington by Aaron Goings, Brian Barnes, and Roger Snider." Labor 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-8767435.

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Dagan, Asaf, Colin Gillin, and Kira Marciniak. "Prevalence and Distribution of Plague and Tularemia in Small Mammals of Grand Teton National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 24 (January 1, 2000): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2000.3411.

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Sylvatic plague (Yersinia pestis) and tularemia (Francisella tularensis) are infectious bacterial diseases that can be transmitted from wild mammals to humans by insects or through direct contact. Although cases of plague and tularemia have been reported in the southwest, a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence, distribution and dynamics of these diseases is lacking. During the months of June and July 2000 we sampled small mammals in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) for antibodies of these zoonotic diseases. This survey was conducted in conjunction with a large scale population dynamics study, lead by Dr. Brian Miller, Denver Zoological society, and Dr. Hank Harlow, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming. A published survey of plague and tularemia has not been conducted in GTNP. In 1996, Dr. Fredrick Jannett looked for plague in the genus Microtus and found low incidence

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Duan, Aowen, Mingxia Zhou, Jinlong Qiu, Chengjian Feng, Zhiyong Yin, and Kui Li. "A 6-year survey of road traffic accidents in Southwest China: Emphasis on traumatic brain injury." Journal of Safety Research 73 (June 2020): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2020.02.010.

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Zhang, Ting, and Jiannan Ma. "Focal Status Epilepticus-Related Unilateral Brain Edema: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Children in Southwest China." Pediatric Neurology 92 (March 2019): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.08.028.

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Livingston, R. B., B. R. Griffin, C. S. Higano, G. E. Laramore, S. E. Rivkin, R. S. Goldberg, and S. F. Schulman. "Combined treatment with chemotherapy and neutron irradiation for limited non-small-cell lung cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 5, no. 11 (November 1987): 1716–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1987.5.11.1716.

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Seventy-three patients with regional, inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer received treatment with initial chemotherapy for two cycles (vinblastine-mitomycin followed in 3 weeks by vinblastine-cisplatin), with planned subsequent neutron irradiation to the primary site and concurrent, elective whole-brain irradiation using photons, followed by two more cycles of identical chemotherapy. Histology was reported as adenocarcinoma or large cell in 75%, and 60% had Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) stage 3 disease; the remainder had stage 4. The response rate to chemotherapy induction was 51%. There were 58 patients in a second phase of the study who were potentially eligible for treatment with a medically dedicated cyclotron having more favorable characteristics with regard to treatment planning and dose delivery (neutrons "B"). The overall response rate in this group was 79%. Chemotherapy toxicity included four fatalities (5%), with three related to mitomycin C induced bilateral pneumonitis, and an additional five patients (7%) with life-threatening events that required hospitalization. Two fatalities were attributed to combined effects of chemotherapy and radiation, and six more to chest radiation therapy, for an overall treatment-related death incidence of 12 of 73 (16%). Four of the six deaths related to chest irradiation occurred after treatment with a "physics-based" neutron generator (neutrons "A"). Among the 45 who received neutrons in the B group, two (4%) had radiation-related deaths, and another four (10%) had clinically evident radiation pneumonitis. Pretreatment performance status (PS) and response to chemotherapy, but not RTOG stage or weight loss, were significantly associated with survival. Among patients who actually received chest irradiation, only initial response to chemotherapy remained as a significant predictor of survival in univariate analysis, with a median survival of 20 months in responders v 9 months in chemotherapy nonresponders. The patterns of first relapse observed in B group patients revealed that 28% were distant, while 64% were locoregional. This represents a reversal of the usual pattern in studies of chest irradiation alone. It probably reflects elimination of brain relapse by the use of elective whole-brain irradiation, impact of systemic chemotherapy on micrometastases elsewhere, and conservative treatment volumes employed for the chest irradiation in an attempt to minimize its toxicity. Further exploration of combined modality therapy is indicated for regional non-small-cell disease, with a real potential for survival impact if the therapeutic index can be improved.

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McCracken, J. D., L. M. Janaki, J. J. Crowley, S. A. Taylor, P. G. Giri, G. B. Weiss, W. Gordon, L. H. Baker, A. Mansouri, and J. P. Kuebler. "Concurrent chemotherapy/radiotherapy for limited small-cell lung carcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 8, no. 5 (May 1990): 892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1990.8.5.892.

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The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) has conducted a phase II study to explore the efficacy and toxicity of initial, concurrent use of radiation therapy with cisplatin, etoposide (VP-16), and vincristine in limited-stage small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Two courses of cisplatin, VP-16, and vincristine chemotherapy were given with concurrent radiotherapy (XRT) to the primary tumor to a total dose of 4,500 cGy. Elective brain XRT was given to all patients concurrent with a third course of cisplatin/VP-16 therapy. Consolidation chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, methotrexate, and VP-16 alternating with Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) and cyclophosphamide, was given for 12 weeks following the initial induction chemotherapy/XRT program. Patients with a complete response had all therapy discontinued. Among 154 eligible patients treated, the complete response rate was 56%, with a partial response rate of 27%. The median survival is 17.5 months with an estimated 30% survival rate at 4 years from initiation of treatment. Combined modality toxicities were acceptable with the predominant toxicity being moderate to severe leukopenia and mild radiation esophagitis. The results of this treatment program appear superior to any previously reported by our group and compare favorably to those in the literature at large.

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Wu, Dongmei, Taolin Chen, Xiaoqi Huang, Lizhou Chen, Yuchuan Yue, Hao Yang, Xiuying Hu, and Qiyong Gong. "The Role of Old Photos in Reminiscence Therapy in Elderly Women With Depressive Symptoms: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study." Biological Research For Nursing 22, no. 2 (March 16, 2020): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800420908002.

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Background: Although evidence shows that reminiscence therapy relieves depression in the elderly, few studies have explored its mechanisms and it is unclear whether old public photos rather than personal photos are effective prompts. Objectives: The aims of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with an event-related design were to explore whether old public photos can evoke autobiographical memories and compare brain-activation responses to photos between elderly women with depressive symptoms (DS) and normal controls (NC). Methods: Elderly women with DS ( n = 16) and NC ( n = 18) were recruited from urban communities in Southwest China. Participants responded with a key press to indicate which of 40 photos evoked autobiographical memories at first sight during 3.0 T scanning. Afterward, they rated photos on a 9-point Likert-type scale on the degrees of recall (DOR), arousal, and pleasure elicited and the degree to which photos felt old. Results: Mean DOR scores were 8.47 ± 0.77 and 1.37 ± 1.09 for high- and low-DOR photos, respectively. Response time was longer in DS compared to NC participants. Brain areas activated by exposure to high-DOR photos differed between groups, with reminiscence leading to decreased activation of the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, right insular lobe, and bilateral cerebellum anterior lobe in DS compared to NC participants. Conclusion: Old public photos can evoke autobiographical memory. DS are associated with brain dysfunction. Early intervention for DS is recommended in the elderly.

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Olatunde, Ogundare Ezra, Omoyajowo Adefunke Christianah, Babatola Adefunke Olarinre, Ajite Adebukola Bidemi, Adeniyi Adewuyi Temidayo, Fatunla Odunayo Adebukola, Agaja Oyinkansola Tolulope, Taiwo Adekunle Bamidele, Oluwayemi Isaac Oludare, and Olatunya Oladele Simeon. "Neonatal Jaundice: Perception of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest, Nigeria." Global Pediatric Health 7 (January 2020): 2333794X2098243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x20982434.

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Background: Severe neonatal jaundice (NNJ) remains a leading cause of preventable brain damage, mental handicap, physical disabilities, and early death among infants. Methods: Using a descriptive cross-sectional study design, information was gathered using a structured, pretested questionnaire from 518 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic at a tertiary Hospital in Southwest Nigeria. Results: Most (77%) of the respondents have heard about NNJ prior the survey. Most respondents (69.5%) demonstrated poor knowledge of the causes of NNJ. The majority, 98.4% had good attitude toward treatment of NNJ. Most respondents (72.1%) demonstrated poor knowledge of the correct treatment of NNJ. A quarter of the respondents knew no danger sign of NNJ. Conclusion: There is serious knowledge gap among the respondents about the causes, treatment, dangers signs and complications of NNJ. There is need for increased awareness campaign using every available means of reaching women of reproductive age group to reduce the consequences of this common neonatal problem.

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Sattari, Masoud, Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah, Mehdi Bibak, and Shima Bakhshalizadeh. "Relationship Between Trace Element Content in the Brain of Bony Fish Species and Their Food Items in the Southwest of the Caspian Sea Due to Anthropogenic Activities." Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2020.12.

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The trace elements (TEs) in aquatic environments due to anthropogenic activities are readily available to aquatic organisms. There are 153 fish species inhabiting the Caspian Sea. However, little is known about TE (TE) concentrations in these species. In this study, we investigated the effects of TEs levels in the brain of some bony fish species inhabiting the Caspian basin. Totally, 405 fish from nine species with different feeding behaviors including Leuciscus aspius (n = 20) and Perca fluviatilis (n = 37) as piscivores, Rutilus kutum (n = 27) and Rutilus caspius (n = 71) as carnivores, Vimba persa (n = 56), Ponticola caspia (n = 25) and Tinca tinca (n = 31) as mollusivores, and Alburnus chalcoides (n = 77) and Alosa braschnikowi (n = 61) as zooplanktivores were collected from the southwest of the Caspian Sea basin from September 2017 to June 2018. The ICP-OES was used to measure TEs in the brain tissue of fish. The variability of TEs concentrations in the brain tissues of these fishes by principal component analysis (PCA) was decreased to 63.59% and 17.68% for PC1 and PC2, respectively, exhibiting that 81.27% of the total variability is associated with K, Mg, P, S, Zn, and Al. The two-dimensional diagrams showed the weight of each component in PCA. The PC1 was mostly influenced by P, Mg, K, and Zn, while the greatest value in PC2 belonged to Al. Furthermore, the entire number of elements determined in this study was found to be a suitable indicator for the distinction between fish species based on their feeding items.

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Sause, William T., John Crowley, Harmon J. Eyre, Saul E. Rivkin, Reginald P. Pugh, Joseph M. Quagliana, Sarah A. Taylor, and Beverly Molnar. "Whole brain irradiation and intrathecal Methotrexate in the treatment of solid tumor leptomeningeal metastases — A Southwest Oncology Group study." Journal of Neuro-Oncology 6, no. 2 (June 1988): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02327385.

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McCreadie, Robin G. "The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys 16. Breast-feeding and schizophrenia: Preliminary results and hypotheses." British Journal of Psychiatry 170, no. 4 (April 1997): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.4.334.

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BackgroundSchizophrenia may in some cases be a neurodevelopmental disorder. Breast milk is important to the developing brain. Might a lack of breast milk be an environmental risk factor in schizophrenia?MethodMothers of 45 schizophrenic patients in Nithsdale, southwest Scotland, completed a questionnaire about whether or not their offspring had been breast-fed.ResultsThe incidence of breast-feeding in patients was 29% and in sibs 38%. Most patients were born in the 1940s and 1950s. The incidence in patients born in these two decades, 33 and 26%, respectively, was significantly lower than in Scottish surveys in 1946 (81%) and 1958 (51%). Those patients who had not been breast-fed had more schizoid and schizotypal personality traits in childhood and a poorer social adjustment than their sibs; breast-fed patients did not differ from their sibs.ConclusionsFewer schizophrenic patients than normal were breast-fed. Lack of breast milk may be a risk factor in the neurodevelopmental form of schizophrenia.

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Tomihama, Tsuyoshi, Yatsuka Nishi, Kiyofumi Mori, Tsukasa Shirao, Toshiya Iida, Shihomi Uzuhashi, Moriya Ohkuma, and Seishi Ikeda. "Rice Bran Amendment Suppresses Potato Common Scab by Increasing Antagonistic Bacterial Community Levels in the Rhizosphere." Phytopathology® 106, no. 7 (July 2016): 719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-12-15-0322-r.

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Potato common scab (PCS), caused by pathogenic Streptomyces spp., is a serious disease in potato production worldwide. Cultural practices, such as optimizing the soil pH and irrigation, are recommended but it is often difficult to establish stable disease reductions using these methods. Traditionally, local farmers in southwest Japan have amended soils with rice bran (RB) to suppress PCS. However, the scientific mechanism underlying disease suppression by RB has not been elucidated. The present study showed that RB amendment reduced PCS by repressing the pathogenic Streptomyces population in young tubers. Amplicon sequencing analyses of 16S ribosomal RNA genes from the rhizosphere microbiome revealed that RB amendment dramatically changed bacterial composition and led to an increase in the relative abundance of gram-positive bacteria such as Streptomyces spp., and this was negatively correlated with PCS disease severity. Most actinomycete isolates derived from the RB-amended soil showed antagonistic activity against pathogenic Streptomyces scabiei and S. turgidiscabies on R2A medium. Some of the Streptomyces isolates suppressed PCS when they were inoculated onto potato plants in a field experiment. These results suggest that RB amendment increases the levels of antagonistic bacteria against PCS pathogens in the potato rhizosphere.

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Canney, Mark, Dearbhla Kelly, and Michael Clarkson. "Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in End-Stage Kidney Disease: Not Strictly Posterior or Reversible." American Journal of Nephrology 41, no. 3 (2015): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381316.

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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon clinico-radiological condition that can result in severe brain injury. The pathogenesis of cerebral vasogenic edema, the hallmark of PRES, is not fully understood. Despite its name, there is substantial heterogeneity both in terms of imaging findings and outcome. Relatively little is known about PRES in kidney disease despite the clustering of risk factors including hypertension, autoimmune disease and immunosuppression. In a retrospective observational study of incident end-stage kidney disease patients in Southwest Ireland over a ten year period, we discovered five cases of PRES representing an incidence of 0.84% in this patient population. These five cases highlight the variability in clinical presentation and the potentially life-threatening nature of this condition. We provide an in-depth review of the existing literature regarding PRES in terms of its pathogenesis and heterogeneity, as well as the experience of PRES in ESKD patients. PRES appears to be rare in the ESKD population but could be under-recognized. Marked hypertension is a cardinal risk factor in this population, associated with extracellular fluid volume expansion. Neuroimaging findings can be diverse involving both anterior and posterior circulation territories. Three of the five patients described had commenced haemodialysis within four weeks of their presentation. These patients may be particularly vulnerable to microvascular brain injury, which can be devastating. This emphasises the need for clinicians to pay meticulous attention to extracellular fluid volume control during this potentially hazardous period.

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Turnbull, Gillian. "South By Southwest: A Road Map to Alternative Country. By Brian Hinton. (London: Sanctuary Publishing, 2003. Pp 304, ISBN 1-86074-461-3, pbk)." Ethnologies 26, no. 2 (2004): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013761ar.

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Guo, Jian, Li He, Jie Zhou, Meng-Meng Ma, Jing-Huan Fang, Lei Zhao, and Mu-Ke Zhou. "Differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms between acute ischemic stroke patients and healthy controls in the Han population of southwest China." Neural Regeneration Research 14, no. 8 (2019): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.253525.

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Mortimer, Joanne E., John Crowley, Harmon Eyre, Paul Weiden, James Eltringham, and W. J. Stuckey. "A phase II randomized study comparing sequential and combined intraarterial cisplatin and radiation therapy in primary brain tumors: A southwest oncology group study." Cancer 69, no. 5 (August 2, 2010): 1220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.2820690525.

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Mira, Joaquin G., Thomas P. Miller, and John J. Crowley. "Chest irradiation (RT) vs. chest RT + chemotherapy ± prophylactic brain RT in localized non small cell lung cancer: A southwest oncology group randomized study." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 19 (January 1990): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(90)90693-e.

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Wang, Lei, Jiazhong Guo, Yang Xi, Shengchao Ma, Yanying Li, Hua He, Jiwen Wang, et al. "Understanding the Genetic Domestication History of the Jianchang Duck by Genotyping and Sequencing of Genomic Genes Under Selection." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 5 (March 12, 2020): 1469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400893.

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The Jianchang duck is mainly distributed in Southwest China, and has the characteristics of fast growth rate and strong abilities in lipid deposition in the liver. In order to investigate the effects of domestication process on formation of the unique characteristics of Jianchang duck, the whole genome of sixteen individuals and three pooling of Jianchang duck were re-sequenced, and genome data of 70 mallards and 83 domestic ducks from thirteen different places in China were obtained from NCBI. The population stratification and evolution analysis showed gene exchanges existed between the Jianchang and other domestic duck populations, as well as Jianchang ducks and mallards. Genomic comparison between mallards and Jianchang ducks showed genes, including CNTN1, CHRNA9, and SHANK2, which is involved in brain and nerve development, experienced strong positive selection in the process of Jianchang duck domestication. The genomic comparison between Jianchang and domestic duck populations showed that HSD17B12 and ESM1, which affect lipid metabolism, experienced strong positive selection during the domestication process. FST analysis among populations of Jianchang duck with different plumage colors indicated that MITF was related to the phenotype of a white feather, while MC1R was related to the phenotype of hemp feather. Our results provided a base for the domestication process of Jianchang duck and the genomic genes for unique traits.

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Gandara, David R., Kari Chansky, Kathy S. Albain, Bryan R. Leigh, Laurie E. Gaspar, Primo N. Lara, Howard Burris, et al. "Consolidation Docetaxel After Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Stage IIIB Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Phase II Southwest Oncology Group Study S9504." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, no. 10 (May 15, 2003): 2004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.04.197.

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Purpose: To test the concept of taxane sequencing in combined-modality therapy, this phase II trial (S9504) evaluated consolidation docetaxel after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with pathologically documented stage IIIB non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results were compared with those of the predecessor study (S9019) with identical eligibility, staging criteria, and treatment, excepting docetaxel consolidation. Patients and Methods: Treatment consisted of cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 29, and 36, etoposide 50 mg/m2 on days 1 through 5 and 29 through 33, and concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (total dose of 61 Gy). Consolidation docetaxel started 4 to 6 weeks after chemoradiotherapy at an initial dose of 75 mg/m2. Results: Stage subsets (tumor-node-metastasis system) in 83 eligible patients were as follows: T4N0/1, 31 patients (37%); T4N2, 22 patients (27%), and T1–3N3, 30 patients (36%). Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was generally well tolerated, but two patients died from probable radiation-associated pneumonitis. Neutropenia during consolidation docetaxel was common (57% with grade 4) and most frequent during escalation to 100 mg/m2. Median progression-free survival was 16 months, median survival was 26 months, and 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 76%, 54%, and 37%, respectively. Brain metastasis was the most common site of failure. In S9019, median survival was 15 months and 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 58%, 34%, and 17%, respectively. Conclusion: Consolidation docetaxel after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage IIIB NSCLC is feasible and generally tolerable, and results compare favorably with the predecessor trial S9019. Nevertheless, this study remains hypothesis-generating and does not provide definitive evidence of the benefit of this approach. Phase III trials evaluating the S9504 regimen have been initiated to validate these results.

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Amian, Atsé Franck, Eboua Narcisse Wandan, Melecony Célestin Blé, Adja Ferdinand Vanga, and Pierre Joseph Assi Kaudhjis. "Etude Des Determinants Socioeconomiques Et Techniques De La Psciculture Extensive En Cote D’ivoire." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 6 (February 28, 2017): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n6p389.

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The contribution of fish farming is relatively low in the national consumption of fish products. Yet the country has a significant socio-natural potential, which well valued can reduce fish imports and enhance food security. This study, based on a survey conducted in the two main areas of extensive fish farming (Central West and Southwest), was to analyze the technical and socioeconomic determinants of family fish farming to support the dynamic development of this activity. The results showed that 98% of fish farmers are men of 51 to 60 years old. Most of them are illiterate practicing agriculture as their main activity. Farming infrastructure are usually composed of dams ponds (90%) of 0.25-1.5 ha, and ponds of 0.1 ha. Water was provided either by river (95%) or groundwater (5%). On average most farms are of mall size (3 ha) and were acquired by purchasing lands. Fish farmers mainly practiced mixed farming of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Heterotis (Heterotis niloticus). In 60% of the cases, fish farming is associated with rice cultivation practiced in the shallows. Fish were mainly fed with rice bran. An important number of farmers (72%) practiced sexing of in order to improve their yields. Furthermore, 60% of them have a lower production to 6 tons per year, and fish were old between 1500 and 2000 CFA (1 FCFA=0,0014 euros) per kg leading to an average annual income of less than 5 million CFA francs.

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Allen, Jeffrey W., James Moon, Mary Redman, Shirish M. Gadgeel, Karen Kelly, Philip C. Mack, Hanna M. Saba, Mohamed K. Mohamed, Mohammad Jahanzeb, and David R. Gandara. "Southwest Oncology Group S0802: A Randomized, Phase II Trial of Weekly Topotecan With and Without Ziv-Aflibercept in Patients With Platinum-Treated Small-Cell Lung Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 23 (August 10, 2014): 2463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.51.4109.

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PurposeDevelopment of new therapies for previously treated small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a major unmet need. Here, we describe a randomized, phase II trial of weekly topotecan with or without ziv-aflibercept (VEGF-trap) in this clinical setting.Patients and MethodsPatients with previously treated SCLC (one line of platinum-based chemotherapy), performance status of 0 to 1, adequate organ function, treated brain metastases, and no recent vascular events or bleeding diatheses were eligible. Eligible patients were stratified as platinum-sensitive or platinum-refractory and randomly assigned to receive weekly topotecan 4 mg/m2intravenously (IV) with or without ziv-aflibercept 6 mg/kg IV every 21 days. Progression-free survival (PFS) at 3 months was the primary end point.ResultsIn 189 randomly assigned patients, treatment arms were well balanced with regard to clinical characteristics. The 3-month PFS was significantly improved with the addition of ziv-aflibercept in patients who had platinum-refractory disease (27% v 10%; P = .02) but not in patients with platinum-sensitive disease (24% v 15%; P = .22). Although response rate was low, disease control rate was higher with combination therapy than with topotecan alone in patients who had platinum-sensitive disease (37% v 18%; P = .05) and in those who had platinum-refractory disease (25% v 15%; P = .14). Overall survival (OS) was not significantly improved in either strata. Grades 3 to 5 toxicities were more common with the addition of ziv-aflibercept.ConclusionZiv-aflibercept improved the 3-month PFS in patients who had platinum-refractory SCLC, but its addition increased toxicity. OS was similar with combined ziv-aflibercept and topotecan compared with topotecan in both strata.

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EDLUND, MARK B. "Minnesota diatomists: The first 150 years." Phytotaxa 127, no. 1 (August 29, 2013): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.5.

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Minnesota boasts over 12,000 lakes, most of glacial origin, three major continental drainage systems (Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico, Lake Superior via the other Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, and the Red River of the North via the Nelson River, to Hudson Bay), and a diversity of landforms comprising seven major ecological regions. Such landscape and aquatic variability hosts a high diversity of diatoms, which have been studied for over 150 years. Diatom communities range from saline and eutrophic in the southwest agricultural lands, to oligotrophic and endemic forms in the cold waters of Lake Superior. Early diatom collections were distributed to reknowned diatomists such as C.G. Ehrenberg and H.L. Smith. Other botanists and phycologists, including Tilden, Eddy, and Drouet, were active in Minnesota but only rarely included diatoms in their studies. Interest in Minnesota diatoms increased in the latter half of the 20th century with taxonomic and floristic surveys (e.g., Czarnecki, Koppen, and Kingston) and the inclusion of diatoms in applied research efforts that set the groundwork for understanding post-glacial ecology, effects of Euroamerican settlement, impacts of climate, and the effects of acid precipitation. Important to these latter developments were the efforts of Dr. Herb Wright Jr., who invited several European diatomists (e.g., Florin, Battarbee, and Haworth) to work on paleoecological projects in and near Minnesota. Although not a diatomist per se, Wright's subsequent efforts to promote diatom research included the appointment of Platt Bradbury as a research associate and later John Kingston, Dick Brugam, and Brian Cumming. Students Sheri Fritz, Kate Laird, and Virginia Card completed diatom research for their doctoral degrees. These workers and others have left a legacy that continues to fuel several active labs in Minnesota that have used diatoms to develop water quality standards, assess and restore impaired waters, and understand the impacts of climate, management, and landuse change across the state.

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THOMAS, C., D. GIROUX, K. STELZER, J. CRAIG, L. LAUFMAN, S. TAYLOR, J. GOODWIN, J. CROWLEY, and R. LIVINGSTON. "Concurrent Cisplatin, Prolonged Oral Etoposide, and Vincristine plus Chest and Brain Irradiation for Limited Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Study of the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG-9229)." International Journal of Radiation OncologyBiologyPhysics 40, no. 5 (March 15, 1998): 1039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(98)00003-0.

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Korn, Edward L., Ping-Yu Liu, Sandra J. Lee, Judith-Anne W. Chapman, Donna Niedzwiecki, Vera J. Suman, James Moon, et al. "Meta-Analysis of Phase II Cooperative Group Trials in Metastatic Stage IV Melanoma to Determine Progression-Free and Overall Survival Benchmarks for Future Phase II Trials." Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, no. 4 (February 1, 2008): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.12.7837.

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Purpose Objective tumor response rates observed in phase II trials for metastatic melanoma have historically not provided a reliable indicator of meaningful survival benefits. To facilitate using overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) as an endpoint for future phase II trials, we evaluated historical data from cooperative group phase II trials to attempt to develop benchmarks for OS and PFS as reference points for future phase II trials. Patients and Methods Individual-level and trial-level data were obtained for patients enrolled onto 42 phase II trials (70 trial arms) that completed accrual in the years 1975 through 2005 and conducted by Southwest Oncology Group, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Cancer and Leukemia Group B, North Central Cancer Treatment Group, and the Clinical Trials Group of the National Cancer Institute of Canada. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic variables, and between-trial(-arm) variability in 1-year OS rates and 6-month PFS rates were examined. Results Statistically significant individual-level and trial-level prognostic factors found in a multivariate survival analysis for OS were performance status, presence of visceral disease, sex, and whether the trial excluded patients with brain metastases. Performance status, sex, and age were statistically significant prognostic factors for PFS. Controlling for these prognostic variables essentially eliminated between-trial variability in 1-year OS rates but not in 6-month PFS rates. Conclusion Benchmarks are provided for 1-year OS or OS curves that make use of the distribution of prognostic factors of the patients in the phase II trial. A similar benchmark for 6-month PFS is provided, but its use is more problematic because of residual between-trial variation in this endpoint.

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Albain, K. S., V. W. Rusch, J. J. Crowley, T. W. Rice, A. T. Turrisi, J. K. Weick, V. A. Lonchyna, C. A. Presant, R. J. McKenna, and D. R. Gandara. "Concurrent cisplatin/etoposide plus chest radiotherapy followed by surgery for stages IIIA (N2) and IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer: mature results of Southwest Oncology Group phase II study 8805." Journal of Clinical Oncology 13, no. 8 (August 1995): 1880–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1995.13.8.1880.

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PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of concurrent chemotherapy and irradiation (chemoRT) followed by surgery in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a cooperative group setting, and to estimate response, resection rates, relapse patterns, and survival for stage subsets IIIA(N2) versus IIIB. PATIENTS AND METHODS Biopsy proof of either positive N2 nodes (IIIAN2) or of N3 nodes or T4 primary lesions (IIIB) was required. Induction was two cycles of cisplatin and etoposide plus concurrent chest RT to 45 Gy. Resection was attempted if response or stable disease occurred. A chemoRT boost was given if either unresectable disease or positive margins or nodes was found. RESULTS The median follow-up time for 126 eligible patients [75 stage IIIA(N2) and 51 IIIB] was 2.4 years. The objective response rate to induction was 59%, and 29% were stable. Resectability was 85% for the IIIA(N2) group eligible for surgery and 80% for the IIIB group. Reversible grade 4 toxicity occurred in 13% of patients. There were 13 treatment-related deaths (10%) and 19 others (15%) died of causes not related to toxicity or tumor. Of 65 relapses, 11% were only locoregional and 61% were only distant. There were 26 brain relapses, of which 19 were the sole site or cause of death. There was no survival difference (P = .81) between stage IIIA(N2) versus stage IIIB (median survivals, 13 and 17 months; 2-year survival rates, 37% and 39%; 3-year survival rates, 27% and 24%). The strongest predictor of long-term survival after thoracotomy was absence of tumor in the mediastinal nodes at surgery (median survivals, 30 v 10 months; 3-year survival rates, 44% v 18%; P = .0005). CONCLUSION This trimodality approach was feasible in this Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) study, with an encouraging 26% 3-year survival rate. An Intergroup study is currently being conducted to determine whether surgery adds more to the risk or to the benefit of chemoRT.

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Murray, Nevin, Robert B. Livingston, Frances A. Shepherd, Keith James, Benny Zee, A. Langleben, Michael Kraut, et al. "Randomized Study of CODE Versus Alternating CAV/EP for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Intergroup Study of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group and the Southwest Oncology Group." Journal of Clinical Oncology 17, no. 8 (August 1999): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1999.17.8.2300.

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PURPOSE: To determine whether an intensive weekly chemotherapy regimen plus thoracic irradiation is superior to standard chemotherapy in the treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ESCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with ESCLC were considered eligible for the study if they were younger than 68 years, had a performance status of 0 to 2, and were free of brain metastases. Patients were randomized to receive cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, and etoposide (CODE) or alternating cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine/etoposide and cisplatin (CAV/EP). Consolidative thoracic irradiation and prophylactic cranial irradiation were given to patients responding to CODE and according to investigator discretion on the CAV/EP arm. RESULTS: The fidelity of drug delivery on both drug regimens was equal, and more than 70% of all patients received the intended protocol chemotherapy. Although rates of neutropenic fever were similar, nine (8.2%) of 110 patients on the CODE arm died during chemotherapy, whereas one (0.9%) of 109 patients died on the CAV/EP arm. Response rates after chemotherapy were higher (P = .006) with CODE (87%) than with CAV/EP (70%). However, progression-free survival (median of 0.66 years on both arms) and overall survival (median, 0.98 years for CODE and 0.91 years for CAV/EP) were not statistically different. CONCLUSION: The CODE regimen increased two-fold the received dose-intensity of four of the most active drugs in small-cell lung cancer compared with the standard CAV/EP regimen while maintaining an approximately equal total dose. Despite supportive care (but not routine prophylactic use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), there was excessive toxic mortality with the CODE regimen. The response rate with CODE was higher than that of CAV/EP, but progression-free and overall survival were not significantly improved. In view of increased toxicity and similar efficacy, the CODE chemotherapy regimen is not recommended for treatment of ESCLC.

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Goodman, G. E., J. J. Crowley, J. C. Blasko, R. B. Livingston, T. M. Beck, M. D. Demattia, and R. M. Bukowski. "Treatment of limited small-cell lung cancer with etoposide and cisplatin alternating with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide versus concurrent etoposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide and chest radiotherapy: a Southwest Oncology Group Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 8, no. 1 (January 1990): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1990.8.1.39.

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The Goldie-Coldman model explaining the kinetics of tumor cell kill and drug resistance has a potential application in designing chemotherapy regimes. In this Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) trial we tested the alternation of two potentially noncrossresistant drug combinations with a concurrent drug combination in patients with limited small-cell lung cancer. The concurrent drug combination consisted of etoposide (VP-16), 75 mg/m2/intravenously (IV), days 1, 2, and 3; vincristine, 1.0 mg/m2/IV, days 1 and 8; Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), 40 mg/m2/IV, day 1; and cyclophosphamide, 750 mg/m2/IV, day 1 (EVAC). The alternating combination consisted of VP-16, 100 mg/m2/IV, days 1, 2, and 3; and cisplatin (CDDP), 100 mg/m2/IV, day 1, alternating with vincristine, 1.0 mg/m2/IV, days 1 and 8; Adriamycin, 50 mg/m2/IV, day 1; and cyclophosphamide, 750 mg/m2/IV, day 1 (VP-16/CDDP-VAC). Chemotherapy was administered at 3-week intervals for six cycles both before and after chest (5,000 rads/5 weeks) and whole brain radiotherapy (3,000 rads/2 weeks). One hundred ninety-nine patients received EVAC and 201 received the alternating combination. There was no significant difference in the response rate to the initial six cycles of treatment with EVAC (CR, 40%) versus the alternating combination (CR, 38%). There was no significant difference between the best response, EVAC (CR, 48%) and VP-16/CDDP-VAC (CR, 51%). Median survival for all randomized patients on EVAC is 15.1 months versus 16.5 months on the alternating combination (P = .58). Toxicities consisted primarily of bone marrow suppression, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, peripheral neuropathies, and alopecia. As in previous trials, the chest was the most common site of relapse (33%). There were no differences in the incidence and sites of relapse between the two treatment arms. These treatments appear equally effective at inducing remission and prolonging survival in patients with small-cell lung cancer.

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Abramitzky, Ran. "Lessons from the Kibbutz on the Equality–Incentives Trade-off." Journal of Economic Perspectives 25, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.1.185.

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The first kibbutzwas established southwest of the Sea of Galilee in 1910, but the vast majority of kibbutzim were established in the 1930s and 1940s, shortly before the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. Founders aimed to create a “new human being” who cared about the group more than about himself, a homo sociologicus who would challenge the selfish homo economicus. This idealistic view can explain many of the key features of kibbutzim: equal sharing in the distribution of income; no private property; a noncash economy; communal dining halls where members ate their meals together; high provision of local public goods for use by kibbutz members; separate communal residences for children outside their parents homes, which were supposed to free women from their traditional role in society and allow them to be treated equally with men; collective education to instill socialist and Zionist values; communal production, whereby kibbutz members worked inside their kibbutzim in agriculture or in one of the kibbutz plants; and no use of hired labor from outside kibbutzim—because hiring labor was considered “exploitation” under the reigning socialist ideology. To an economist, steeped in thinking about incentives that self-interested individuals face, there are three reasons why an equal-sharing arrangement of this sort seems unlikely to last. First, high-ability members have an incentive to exit equal sharing arrangements to earn a wage premium—so-called “brain drain.” Second, low-ability individuals have an incentive to enter equal-sharing arrangements so that they can be subsidized by more-able individuals—so-called adverse selection. Third, in context of equal sharing, shirking and free-riding are likely to be prevalent. However, kibbutzim have survived successfully for the past century and currently consist of 120,000 members living in 268 kibbutzim. In a number of ways, the kibbutzim offer an exceptional environment to examine the potential trade-off between equality and incentives.

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Blumenthal, D. T., M. Wade, C. J. Rankin, F. Fitzpatrick, K. Stelzer, A. Sloan, W. Ackerley, and E. J. Rushing. "MGMT methylation in newly-diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): From the S0001 phase III study of radiation therapy (RT) and O6-benzylguanine, (O6BG) plus BCNU versus RT and BCNU alone for newly diagnosed GBM." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.1512.

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1512 Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a high grade primary brain neoplasm associated with a median survival of less than a year. Historically, one-third of patients seem to benefit from treatment with alkylating chemotherapy. This minority may correspond to a population with decreased levels of active O6-methylguanine- methyltransferase enzyme (MGMT). MGMT repairs tumor DNA damaged by chemotherapy, allowing continued replication after exposure to treatment. Patients with low tumor MGMT activity may be more likely to respond to alkylating treatment. Hypermethylation of the MGMT promoter region leads to decreased transcription of the enzyme and is associated with improved outcome in GBM patients treated with radiation and alkylating chemotherapy. Methods: We studied a patient cohort with newly diagnosed GBM registered on Southwest Oncology Group protocol S0001, a phase III randomized, two arm clinical trial investigating an inhibitor of MGMT (O6-benzylguanine, O6BG). Both groups received standard radiation and BCNU (carmustine). The experimental group additionally received O6BG. We determined polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methylation status of the promoter region of MGMT in 88 patients with adequate tissue samples. In 41 cases, we were able to obtain successful PCR results. Results: 28 of 41 samples (68%) were found to be unmethylated and 13 of 41 (32%, 95% c. i. 18% to 50%) were methylated. Patients with methylated MGMT had a median survival of 12.6 months (95% c.i. of 7.8–15.8 months). Patients with unmethylated MGMT had a median survival of 10.6 months (95% c.i. of 8.7–12.0 months). Median progression-free survivals were 4.5 and 3.1 months respectively, for the methylated and unmethylated groups. Conclusions: This result is consistent with prior studies which showed that approximately two-thirds of patients express MGMT, and accordingly, are resistant to alkylating agents. The subgroup of patients without promoter methylation may be more likely to benefit from treatment with O6BG. Analysis of MGMT promoter methylation status per study treatment group, and correlation with median survival and progression-free survival will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Walkden, Graham J., Hannah Gill, Neil M. Davies, Alethea E. Peters, Ingram Wright, and Anthony E. Pickering. "Early Childhood General Anesthesia and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Birth Cohort." Anesthesiology 133, no. 5 (September 4, 2020): 1007–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003522.

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Background Most common anesthetic agents have been implicated in causing neurodegeneration in the developing animal brain, leading to warnings regarding their use in children. The hypothesis of this study was that exposure to general anesthesia and surgery before 4 yr would associate with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 7 to 16 yr. Methods This cohort study comprised 13,433 children enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective, population-based birth cohort born between 1991 and 1993 in southwest England. Children were grouped by none, single, or multiple exposures to general anesthesia and surgery by 4 yr. Motor, cognitive, linguistic, educational, social, and behavioral developmental outcomes were evaluated at 7 to 16 yr using school examination results, validated parent/teacher questionnaires, or clinic assessments. Continuous outcomes were z-scored. P-value thresholds were corrected using false discovery rate procedures. Results This study compared 46 neurodevelopmental outcomes in 13,433 children: 8.3% (1,110) exposed singly and 1.6% (212) exposed multiply to general anesthesia and surgery. Of these, the following reached predefined levels of statistical significance (corrected P < 0.00652): dynamic balance scores were 0.3 SD (95% CI, 0.1, 0.5; P < 0.001) lower in multiply exposed children; manual dexterity performance was 0.1 SD (95% CI, 0.0, 0.2; P = 0.006) lower in singly and 0.3 SD (95% CI, 0.1, 0.4; P < 0.001) lower in multiply exposed children; and social communication scores were 0.1 SD (95% CI, 0.0, 0.2; P = 0.001) and 0.4 SD (95% CI, 0.3, 0.5; P < 0.001) lower in singly and multiply exposed children, respectively. General anesthesia and surgery were not associated with impairments in the remaining neurodevelopmental measures including: general cognitive ability; attention; working memory; reading, spelling, verbal comprehension and expression; behavioral difficulties; or national English, mathematics, and science assessments (all ≤0.1 SD; corrected P ≥ 0.00652). Conclusions Early childhood general anesthesia and surgery were not associated with a global picture of clinically and statistically significant neurodegenerative effects, providing reassurance about the neurotoxic potential of general anesthesia. Exposure to anesthesia and surgery was associated with significantly lower motor and social linguistic performance. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

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Faries, Nathan. "Songs of the Lisu hills. Practicing Christianity in southwest China. By Aminta Arrington (foreword Brian Stanley). (World Christianity.) Pp. xx + 232 incl. 11 figs, 4 maps and 2 tables. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2020. $89.95. 978 0 271 08507 4." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 72, no. 2 (April 2021): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046920002638.

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Radding, Cynthia. "Brian DeLay . War of a Thousand Deserts: Indian Raids and the U.S.‐Mexican War . (The Lamar Series in Western History.) New Haven : Yale University Press , in association with the William P. Clements Center for Southwest Studies, Southern Methodist University. 2008 . Pp. xxi, 473. $35.00." American Historical Review 115, no. 3 (June 2010): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.115.3.817.

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AROWOSEGBE, A. O., D. A. OJO, O. B. SHITTU, and I. O. DEDEKE. "PREDICTORS OF POSITIVE BLOOD CULTURE AND DEATH AMONG NEONATES WITH SUSPECTED NEONATAL SEPSIS IN ABEOKUTA, SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA." Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology 14, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v14i2.1755.

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Neonatal sepsis, a bacterial infection of blood in the first month of life is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and factors associated with positive blood culture and perinatal deaths among neonates are rarely described. This study was conducted at the Special Baby Care Unit of Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta (FMCA), Southwest Nigeria, to identify the predictors of positive blood culture and deaths due to neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted with clinical diagnosis of septicemia between January and April 2013. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, peripatal events and clinical characteristics of neonates were collected on proforma designed for the study. Blood culture was done on Brain Heart Infusion broth and Thioglycolate broth followed by identification of isolates using conventional methods. Serum Procalcitonin (PCT) and Serum C reactive protein (CRP) Levels were determined by immunochromatographic and immuno-turnidimetric assay respec-tively. The neonates were monitored until discharge from the hospital. Among 180 neonates admitted during the study period, there were 85 cases of clinically suspected sepsis. Forty (47.1%) were males and 45(52.9%) were females while 55 (63.5%) neonates and 30 (36.5%) neonates presented with early and late onset sepsis respectively. Positive blood culture was found in 19 (22.4%) of the neo-nates; 14 (73.7%) of neonates with positive blood cultures had early onset neonatal sepsis and 5 (26.3%) had late onset sepsis. Factors that predicted positive blood culture in both early and late onset neonatal sepsis were mode of delivery (p=0.033), estimated gestational age (p=0.039), and CRP (p=0.000). None of the clinical characteristics was found to be statistically significant with positive blood culture. Deaths occurred in 27 (36%) of neonates. The case-fatality rate was 29%. Predictors of death were booking status (p=0.011), birth after prolonged labour (p=0.014), place of delivery (p=0.001), place of antenatal care (p=0.021), respiratory distress (p=0.034), poor cry (p=0.040), con-vulsion (p=0.011) and PCT (p=0.001). Our findings suggest that mode of delivery and estimated ges-tational age are significantly associated with positive blood culture in both early and late onset neona-tal sepsis. Mortality from neonatal sepsis is high in this study. Booking status, place of delivery, place of antenatal care significantly contributed to mortality suggesting that antenatal and perinatal care remains associated with neonatal mortality.

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Salevouris, Michael J., Robert W. Brown, Linda Frey, Robert Lindsay, Arthur Q. Larson, Calvin H. Allen, Samuel E. Dicks, et al. "Book Reviews." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 12, no. 1 (May 4, 1987): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.12.1.31-48.

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Eliot Wigginton. Sometimes a Shining Moment: The Foxfire Experience-- Twenty Years in a High School Classroom. Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/ Doubleday, 1985. Pp. xiv, 438. Cloth, $19.95. Review by Philip Reed Rulon of Northern Arizona University. Eugene Kuzirian and Larry Madaras, eds. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History. Vol. I: The Colonial Period to Reconstruction. Guilford , Connecticut: Dushkin Publishing Group, Inc., 1985. Pp. x, 255. Paper, $8.95. Review by Jayme A. Sokolow of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Lois W. Banner. American Beauty. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1983. Pp. ix, 369. Paper, $9.95. Review by Thomas J. Schlereth of the University of Notre Dame. Alan Heimert and Andrew Delbanco, eds. The Puritans in America: A Narrative Anthology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985. Pp. xviii, 438. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Raymond C. Bailey of Northern Virginia Community College. Clarence L. Mohr. On the Threshold of Freedom: Masters and Slaves in Civil War Georgia. Athens and London: The University of Georgia Press, 1986. Pp. xxi, 397. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Charles T. Banner-Haley of the Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-American Studies, University of Rochester. Francis Paul Prucha. The Indians in American Society: From the Revolutionary War to the Present. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. Pp. ix, 127. Cloth, $15.95. Review by Darlene E. Fisher of New Trier Township High School, Winnetka, Il. Barry D. Karl. The Uneasy State: The United States from 1915 to 1945. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1983. Pp. x, 257. Paper, $7.95; Robert D. Marcus and David Burner, eds. America Since 1945. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. Fourth edition. Pp. viii, 408. Paper, $11.95. Review by David L. Nass of Southwest State University, Mn. Michael P. Sullivan. The Vietnam War: A Study in the Making of American Policy. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1985. Pp. 198. Cloth, $20.00. Review by Joseph L. Arbena of Clemson University. N. Ray Hiner and Joseph M. Hawes, eds. Growing Up In America: Children in Historical Perspective. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1985. Pp. xxv, 310. Cloth, $27.50; Paper, $9.95. Review by Brian Boland of Lockport Central High School, Lockport, IL. Linda A. Pollock. Forgotten Children: Parent-Child Relations from 1500 to 1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Pp. xi, 334. Cloth, $49.50; Paper, $16.95. Review by Samuel E. Dicks of Emporia State University. Yahya Armajani and Thomas M. Ricks. Middle East: Past and Present. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1986. Second edition. Pp. xiv, 466. Cloth, $16.95. Review by Calvin H. Allen, Jr of The School of the Ozarks. Henry C. Boren. The Ancient World: An Historical Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1986. Pp. xx, 407. Paper, $22.95. Review by Arthur Q. Larson of Westmar College (Ret.) Geoffrey Treasure. The Making of Modern Europe, 1648-1780. London and New York: Methuen, 1985. Pp. xvii, 647. Cloth, $35.00; Paper, $16.95. Review by Robert Lindsay of the University of Montana. Alexander Rudhart. Twentieth Century Europe. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1986. Pp. xiv, 462. Paper, $22.95. Review by Linda Frey of the University of Montana. Jonathan Powis. Aristocracy. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1984. Pp. ix, 110. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $8.95. Review by Robert W. Brown of Pembroke State University. A. J. Youngson. The Prince and the Pretender: A Study in the Writing of History. Dover, New Hampshire: Croom Helm, Ltd., 1985. Pp. 270. Cloth, $29.00. Review Michael J. Salevouris of Webster University.

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Abi-Dargham, Anissa, Christer Allgulander, O. Gureje, Rachel Jenkins, R. N. Kalaria, Brian Leonard, F. Njenga, et al. "CINP 2005 Regional Meeting, 20-22 April 2005." South African Journal of Psychiatry 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v11i1.92.

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List of abstract titles and authors:1. Antipsychotics across the spectrum: An overview of their mechanisms of actionAnissa Abi-Dargham2. Recent advances in the treatment of common anxiety disordersChrister Allgulander3. Psychiatry in Africa: The myths, the realities and the exoticO Gureje4. Mental Health policy developmet in Kenya and Tanznia - A DFID funded projectRachel Jenkins, David Kima, Joseph Mbatia, Frank Njenga5. Vascular factors in Alzheimer's diseaseR N Kalaria6. Depression as an immunologically based Neurodegenerative disorderBrian Leonard7. Eight years of progress in Arican PsychiatryF Njenga8. Treatment of Depression: Present and futureDr R.M. Pinder9. Imaging the Serotinergic system in impulsive aggressive personality disorder patientsLarry J Siever, Antonia S. New, Mari Goodman, Monte Buchsbaum, Erin Hazlett, Karen O'Flynn, Anissa Abi-argham, Marc Lauelle10. Mode of action of Atypical antipsychotic rugs: Focus on A2 AdrnoceptorsT.H. SvenssonNeuroscience: Selected Abstracts11. Chemical odulato of Fronto-execuitive functions: Neropsychiatric implicationsTrevor W Robbins12. Neural mechanisms of recognition memory and of social atacntProf. G Horn13. Estrogen signling after estrogen receptor ß (ERß)Jan-Ake Gustafsson14. Getting Lost: Hippocampal contributions to agerelated memory dysfunctionCarol BarnesMetals and the brain: Selected abstracts15. Modeling the contributin of iron mismanagement to Neurological disordersProf. J R C Connor16. Aluminium-triggered fibrillogenesis of B-AmyloidsProf. PZ Zatta, Dr D Drago, Mr G Tognon, Dr F RicchelliPsychiatry in Africa:17. Psychosocal aspects of Khat use among the youth of NairobiMs T M Khamis18. PTSD among motor vehicle accident survivors, KenyaDr F A Ongecha19. Psychiatric relities within African context - The Kenyan case StudyProf. D M N Ndetei20. Adolescent-parenta interactions from infancy, Nairobi KenyaDr L K Ksakhala, Prof. D M N Ndetei21. Alcohol use ong young persons: A focus group study in Southwest NigeriaO A Obeijide22. Personality disorders and personality traits among tyoe 2 Diabetic patientsProf. O El Rufaie, Dr M Sabosy, Dr M S Abuzeid23. Association of traumatic experiences with depression among Nigerian adolescentsDr O Omigbodun, Dr K BakareMs O B Yusuf, Dr O Esan24. Prevalence of depression among women attending outpatient clinics in MalawiDr M Tugumisirize, Prof. Agn, Dr Musisi25. Non-fatal suicidalbehaviour at the Johannesburg General HospitalDr M Y H Moosa, Prof. F Y Jeenah, Dr A Pillay, Pof. M Vorstere, Dr R Liebenberg26. Integrating mental health into general primary health care - Uganda's experienceDr N Kigozi27. Depression among Nigerian survivors of stroke:Prevalance and associated factorsDr F.O Fatoye Dr M A Komolafe, Dr A. O Adewuya, Dr B.A. Eegunranti Prof. M.A. Lawal28. NGO Involvement mental health care -The way forwardDr Basangwa29. Prevalen of Attenton Deficit Hyperactivity sorder among African school childrenDr E KashalaProf. T Tylleskar, Dr I Elgen, Dr K Sommerfelt30. Barriers to effective mental health care in NigeriaMs L. Kola31. Quay of life evaluation in patients with HIV-I infection with respect to the impact of Phyttherapy (Traditional Herb in Zimbabwe)M B Sebit, S K Chandiwaa, A S Latif, E Gomo, S W Acuda, F Makoni, J Vushe

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"Brian G Southwell, Emily A Thorson and Laura Sheble (eds), Misinformation and Mass Audiences." European Journal of Communication 34, no. 1 (February 2019): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323118824876b.

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Fang, Keke, Shaoqiang Han, Yuming Li, Jing Ding, Jilian Wu, and Wenzhou Zhang. "The Vital Role of Central Executive Network in Brain Age: Evidence From Machine Learning and Transcriptional Signatures." Frontiers in Neuroscience 15 (September 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.733316.

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Recent studies combining neuroimaging with machine learning methods successfully infer an individual’s brain age, and its discrepancy with the chronological age is used to identify age-related diseases. However, which brain networks play decisive roles in brain age prediction and the underlying biological basis of brain age remain unknown. To answer these questions, we estimated an individual’s brain age in the Southwest University Adult Lifespan Dataset (N = 492) from the gray matter volumes (GMV) derived from T1-weighted MRI scans by means of Gaussian process regression. Computational lesion analysis was performed to determine the importance of each brain network in brain age prediction. Then, we identified brain age-related genes by using prior brain-wide gene expression data, followed by gene enrichment analysis using Metascape. As a result, the prediction model successfully inferred an individual’s brain age and the computational lesion prediction results identified the central executive network as a vital network in brain age prediction (Steiger’s Z = 2.114, p = 0.035). In addition, the brain age-related genes were enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) processes/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways grouped into numbers of clusters, such as regulation of iron transmembrane transport, synaptic signaling, synapse organization, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling (e.g., dopaminergic synapse), behavior (e.g., memory and associative learning), neurotransmitter secretion, and dendrite development. In all, these results reveal that the GMV of the central executive network played a vital role in predicting brain age and bridged the gap between transcriptome and neuroimaging promoting an integrative understanding of the pathophysiology of brain age.

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Judkins, Gerri. "Literature Quizzes: Celebrating the Ongoing Importance of Wide Reading." IASL Annual Conference Proceedings, February 20, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/iasl7861.

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Literature Quizzes are an integral part of the Southwell School Library programme. Students read widely, hoping to represent us in the annual Kids’ Lit QuizTM (www.kidslitquiz.com ). In this time of electronic entertainment entice your students to enjoy literature, books and ebooks. Reading encourages empathy with others whose lives and situations differ, global awareness, and knowledge of history. Myths and legends influence cultural practice and social realism helps them cope with life’s problems. Reading is a resource for our humanity. At this workshop play brain-training games. These will be given away along with signed books from New Zealand authors. Learn how to write quiz questions and select teams. Hear how we use cognitive technology to help students retain and retrieve literary information. Make Lit Quizzes part of your library programmes and see your readers grow exponentially. There may be a regional of the Kids’ Lit QuizTM near you!

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Wei, Dongtao, Kaixiang Zhuang, Lei Ai, Qunlin Chen, Wenjing Yang, Wei Liu, Kangcheng Wang, Jiangzhou Sun, and Jiang Qiu. "Structural and functional brain scans from the cross-sectional Southwest University adult lifespan dataset." Scientific Data 5, no. 1 (July 17, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.134.

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Ndiangui, Peter. "From Brain Drain to Brain Gain: The Battle Against Talent Drain." Journal of Culture and Values in Education, July 1, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/jcve.2020.5.

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Building an enabling scientific community of educated or professional people is a growing focus for many American cities. The retention of home-grown graduates increases the intellectual capacity in a region. Arising from technology-driven accelerated growth, the geographical mobility of young skilled workers has become a key issue in recent studies, attracting the attention of both academics and policymakers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that influence the retention or draining of graduates from a mid-sized higher education instruction’s Child and Youth Studies (CYS), an innovative transformational educational program. The program is focused on developing a socially entrepreneurial mindset on the part of the learner. The study is also aimed at identifying how urban areas in southwest Florida would work toward retaining a large pool of young innovative graduates and enjoy the benefits of smart growth. The data for the study was collected by sending out a survey to 115 current students or those who are about to graduate. The selected 50 (43.5%) participated in the study by completing the survey. The data was analyzed using several descriptive statistics. Several retention factors were identified. They included socio-economic and recreational factors. The research found that the majority of the graduates left not just because it was not easy to find competitive-paying jobs in the region but rather because of lack of awareness of the availability. Other significant factors included inadequate housing, lack of support for their entrepreneurial incubators, and poor public transport. It was also evident that a large number of potential local employers were not aware of the benefits of hiring the CYS graduates. Greater involvement of college students and recent graduates in the community projects would increase retention. It is proposed that each of the SW Florida cities should develop policies that will make them more attractive to the graduates. They should also identify ways of increasing awareness of opportunities available for the graduates in the region.

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Winter, Renee. "The Benefit of Utilizing Brain-Based Learning in Higher Education Online Environments." Journal of Instructional Research 8, no. 1 (August 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.9743/jir.2019.1.8.

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Higher education has experienced a significant transformation from traditional face-to-face instruction to online instruction. The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to determine to what extent postsecondary online faculty utilized brain-based learning techniques as part of their academic practices in the online asynchronous learning environment and to assess differences in the use of these techniques between online full-time and online adjunct faculty employed by two public universities and one private university located in the Southwest region of the United States. The theoretical framework of Hart’s (1983) brain-based learning theory (BBLT) informed this study. The sample consisted of 539 accepted and completed surveys. The participants completed 55 questions based on brain-based learning. Quantitative data were collected using Klinek’s (2009) questionnaire about brain-based learning knowledge, beliefs, and practices. The data from the questionnaire measured the online faculty’s knowledge, beliefs, and practices of brain-based learning techniques. The data were analyzed using descriptive information about the sample computing frequencies of the variables. Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities were conducted to complete the descriptive statistics for the first research question. The statistical analysis used for research question two and three was Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) using a 2×2 factorial design to test the hypotheses. The researcher found that there was a significant difference between the BBLT practices of the online faculty from public (M = 3.45) and private universities (M = 3.28), F (1, 294) = 1.62, p = .004, ŋ2 = .044. The study revealed that there is a lack of knowledge about BBLT supporting the need for professional development and training.

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Owolabi, Joshua, Olayinka S. Ilesanmi, and Amitabye Luximon-Ramma. "Perceptions and Experiences About Device-Emitted Radiofrequency Radiation and Its Effects on Selected Brain Health Parameters in Southwest Nigeria." Cureus, September 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.18211.

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Sun, Hanxiao, Ting Wu, Yingyi Mao, Fang Tian, Xiaokun Cai, Matthew J. Kuchan, Lishi Zhang, Yanrong Zhao, and Jinyao Chen. "Carotenoid profile in breast milk and maternal and cord plasma: a longitudinal study in southwest China." British Journal of Nutrition, January 8, 2021, 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114521000027.

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Abstract Carotenoids are increasingly being implicated to an important role in brain and eye development. This study aimed to quantify the content and profile of carotenoids in human breast milk, maternal plasma and neonatal umbilical cord plasma in Chengdu, an urban area in Southwest China. In this study, 54 healthy mothers were enrolled. Maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk were collected. Concentrations of carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene and lycopene) were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. We found that carotenoid concentrations decreased from colostrum to mature milk. Hydrocarbon carotenoids with weaker polarity decreased more than the polar carotenoids. Lycopene concentrations dropped by 99%, β-carotene by 92%, β-cryptoxanthin by 83%, lutein by 32% and zeaxanthin by 22%. Lycopene and β-carotene accounted for 70% of the total carotenoids in colostrum, and lutein predominated amongst carotenoids in transitional milk and mature milk (51%–55%). Carotenoid concentrations in maternal plasma were much higher than in cord plasma. Lutein predominated in cord plasma. The concentrations of all carotenoids in maternal plasma were correlated with those of cord plasma and human milk. These results are consistent with selective transport mechanisms in the mammary gland related to the polarity of carotenoids, and each carotenoid has its own implications, which may have different priorities in the early-life development of infants. These findings may help guide dietary recommendations for carotenoid inclusion in infant formulas.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Brian SOUTHWELL'

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