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Academic literature on the topic 'Brg-1'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Brg-1"

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Strobeck, Matthew W., David N. Reisman, Ranjaka W. Gunawardena, Bryan L. Betz, Steven P. Angus, Karen E. Knudsen, Timothy F. Kowalik, Bernard E. Weissman, and Erik S. Knudsen. "Compensation of BRG-1 Function by Brm." Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, no. 7 (November 21, 2001): 4782–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109532200.

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2

Miao, Ji, Sungsoon Fang, Jiyoung Lee, Clay Comstock, Karen E. Knudsen, and Jongsook Kim Kemper. "Functional Specificities of Brm and Brg-1 Swi/Snf ATPases in the Feedback Regulation of Hepatic Bile Acid Biosynthesis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, no. 23 (October 5, 2009): 6170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00825-09.

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ABSTRACT Bile acid homeostasis is critical in maintaining health and is primarily regulated by the nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP). Bile acid-activated FXR indirectly inhibits expression of cholesterol 7α hydroxylase (CYP7A1), a key enzyme in conversion of cholesterol to bile acids, by induction of SHP. We recently demonstrated that SHP inhibits CYP7A1 transcription by recruiting chromatin-modifying cofactors, including Brm-Swi/Snf. Swi/Snf complexes contain either Brm or Brg-1 ATPases, and whether these subunits have distinct functions remains unclear. We have examined the role of these subunits in regulation of bile acid metabolism under physiological conditions by FXR and SHP. Brg-1 interacted with FXR and enhanced FXR-mediated transactivation of SHP, whereas Brm interacted with SHP and enhanced SHP-mediated repression of CYP7A1 and, interestingly, auto-repression of SHP. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and remodeling studies revealed that after treatment with FXR agonists, Brg-1 was recruited to the SHP promoter, resulting in transcriptionally active accessible chromatin, whereas Brm was recruited to both CYP7A1 and SHP promoters, resulting in inactive inaccessible chromatin. Our studies demonstrate that Brm and Brg-1 have distinct functions in the regulation of two key genes, CYP7A1 and SHP, within a single physiological pathway, feedback inhibition of bile acid biosynthesis, by differentially targeting SHP and FXR.
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Ma, Zhendong, Mi Jung Chang, Reesha Shah, Jill Adamski, Xueyan Zhao, and Etty N. Benveniste. "Brg-1 Is Required for Maximal Transcription of the Human Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Gene." Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, no. 44 (August 17, 2004): 46326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m405438200.

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases whose aberrant expression are correlated with tumor invasion and angiogenesis. The transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and AP-2 are required for constitutive expression ofMMP-2in tumor cells; however, the regulatory mechanisms ofMMP-2expression are not well understood. We investigated the involvement of Brg-1, the ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, in human MMP-2 gene transcription. Reconstitution of Brg-1 enhancesMMP-2transcription in Brg-1-deficient SW-13 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrates that Brg-1 is required for recruitment of Sp1, AP-2, and polymerase II to the MMP-2 promoter, whereas the binding of Sp3 to the MMP-2 promoter is decreased upon Brg-1 reconstitution. Furthermore, Sp1 interacts with Brg-1in vivo. Restriction enzyme accessibility assays indicate that accessibility of the MMP-2 promoter region is not changed in the absence or presence of Brg-1. These results illustrate the connection between the SWI/SNF complex and optimal expression ofMMP-2and highlight the critical function of Brg-1 in regulating the recruitment of Sp1, Sp3, AP-2, and polymerase II to the MMP-2 promoter.
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DiRenzo, James, Yongfeng Shang, Michael Phelan, Säid Sif, Molly Myers, Robert Kingston, and Myles Brown. "BRG-1 Is Recruited to Estrogen-Responsive Promoters and Cooperates with Factors Involved in Histone Acetylation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 20 (October 15, 2000): 7541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.20.7541-7549.2000.

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ABSTRACT Several factors that mediate activation by nuclear receptors also modify the chemical and structural composition of chromatin. Prominent in this diverse group is the steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) family, which interact with agonist-bound nuclear receptors, thereby coupling them to multifunctional transcriptional coregulators such as CREB-binding protein (CBP), p300, and PCAF, all of which have potent histone acetyltransferase activity. Additionally factors including the Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG-1) that are involved in the structural remodeling of chromatin also mediate hormone-dependent transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors. Here, we provide evidence that these two distinct mechanisms of coactivation may operate in a collaborative manner. We demonstrate that transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor (ER) requires functional BRG-1 and that the coactivation of estrogen signaling by either SRC-1 or CBP is BRG-1 dependent. We find that in response to estrogen, ER recruits BRG-1, thereby targeting BRG-1 to the promoters of estrogen-responsive genes in a manner that occurs simultaneous to histone acetylation. Finally, we demonstrate that BRG-1-mediated coactivation of ER signaling is regulated by the state of histone acetylation within a cell. Inhibition of histone deacetylation by trichostatin A dramatically increases BRG-1-mediated coactivation of ER signaling, and this increase is reversed by overexpression of histone deacetylase 1. These studies support a critical role for BRG-1 in ER action in which estrogen stimulates an ER–BRG-1 association coupling BRG-1 to regions of chromatin at the sites of estrogen-responsive promoters and promotes the activity of other recruited factors that alter the acetylation state of chromatin.
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Mudhasani, Rajini, and Joseph D. Fontes. "The Class II Transactivator Requires brahma-Related Gene 1 To Activate Transcription of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Genes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 14 (July 15, 2002): 5019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.14.5019-5026.2002.

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ABSTRACT The class II transactivator (CIITA) is the key regulator of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II gene transcription. We demonstrate here that CIITA requires the ATPase subunit of an hSWI/SNF complex, brahma-related gene 1 (BRG-1), to activate transcription. When introduced into a cell line lacking BRG-1, CIITA was unable to activate cellular MHC class II genes. Reexpression of the wild-type but not an ATP-binding-deficient BRG-1 protein in this cell line restored the ability of CIITA to transactivate transcription of MHC class II genes. Interestingly, when the activity of CIITA was assayed in the BRG-1-deficient cell line by using a plasmid-based reporter assay, BRG-1 was not required for transcriptional activation, suggesting that the chromatin structure on the plasmid is such that BRG-1 is not necessary. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments were performed to determine if BRG-1 and CIITA proteins associate with each other in cells. We found that the two proteins coimmunoprecipitate and that amino acids 1 to 140 of CIITA are sufficient for binding. Taken together, these data suggest that BRG-1 and, very likely, an hSWI/SNF complex are required for transcription of MHC class II genes. The complex is likely recruited to MHC class II promoters, at least in part, by interaction with CIITA.
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Kutluay, Sebla B., Sarah L. DeVos, Jennifer E. Klomp, and Steven J. Triezenberg. "Transcriptional Coactivators Are Not Required for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Immediate-Early Gene Expression In Vitro." Journal of Virology 83, no. 8 (January 28, 2009): 3436–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02349-08.

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ABSTRACT Virion protein 16 (VP16) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a potent transcriptional activator of viral immediate-early (IE) genes. The VP16 activation domain can recruit various transcriptional coactivators to target gene promoters. However, the role of transcriptional coactivators in HSV-1 IE gene expression during lytic infection had not been fully defined. We showed previously that transcriptional coactivators such as the p300 and CBP histone acetyltransferases and the BRM and Brg-1 chromatin remodeling complexes are recruited to viral IE gene promoters in a manner dependent mostly on the presence of the activation domain of VP16. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that these transcriptional coactivators are required for viral IE gene expression during infection of cultured cells. The disrupted expression of the histone acetyltransferases p300, CBP, PCAF, and GCN5 or the BRM and Brg-1 chromatin remodeling complexes did not diminish IE gene expression. Furthermore, IE gene expression was not impaired in cell lines that lack functional p300, or BRM and Brg-1. We also tested whether these coactivators are required for the VP16-dependent induction of IE gene expression from transcriptionally inactive viral genomes associated with high levels of histones in cultured cells. We found that the disruption of coactivators also did not affect IE gene expression in this context. Thus, we conclude that the transcriptional coactivators that can be recruited by VP16 do not contribute significantly to IE gene expression during lytic infection or the induction of IE gene expression from nucleosomal templates in vitro.
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7

Henderson, Angus, Adele Holloway, Raymond Reeves, and David John Tremethick. "Recruitment of SWI/SNF to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.1.389-397.2004.

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ABSTRACT Following human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integration into the host cell's genome, the 5′ long terminal repeat (LTR) is packaged into a highly specific chromatin structure comprised of an array of nucleosomes positioned with respect to important DNA sequence elements that regulate the transcriptional activity of the provirus. While several host cell factors have been shown to be important for chromatin remodeling and/or basal transcription, no specific mechanism that relieves the transcriptional repression imposed by nuc-1, a positioned nucleosome that impedes the start site of transcription, has been found. Since phorbol esters cause the rapid disruption of nuc-1 and markedly stimulate HIV-1 transcription, we looked for protein factors that associate with this region of the HIV-1 promoter in a phorbol-ester-dependent manner. We report here that ATF-3, JunB, and BRG-1 (the ATPase subunit of the 2-MDa human chromatin remodeling machine SWI/SNF) are recruited to the 3′ boundary of nuc-1 following phorbol myristate acetate stimulation in Jurkat T cells. Analysis of the recruitment of BRG-1 in nuclear extracts prepared from Jurkat T cells and reconstitution of an in vitro system with purified components demonstrate that ATF-3 is responsible for targeting human SWI/SNF (hSWI/SNF) to the HIV-1 promoter. Importantly, this recruitment of hSWI/SNF required HMGA1 proteins. Further support for this conclusion comes from immunoprecipitation experiments showing that BRG-1 and ATF-3 can exist together in the same complex. Although ATF-3 clearly plays a role in the specific targeting of BRG-1 to the HIV-1 promoter, the maintenance of a stable association between BRG-1 and chromatin appears to be dependent upon histone acetylation. By adding BRG-1 back into a BRG-1-deficient cell line (C33A cells), we demonstrate that trichostatin A strongly induces the 5′-LTR-driven reporter transcription in a manner that is dependent upon BRG-1 recruitment.
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Wee, G., D. B. Koo, J. S. Kim, B. S. Song, J. S. Park, X. L. Jin, Y. Y. Lee, Y. M. Han, and K. K. Lee. "156 DIFFERENTIAL REORGANIZATION OF HISTONE ACETYLATION THROUGH ATP-DEPENDENT REMODELING FACTOR DURING PRONUCLEAR FORMATION IN PORCINE ZYGOTIC CHROMATINS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab156.

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ATP-dependent remodeling complexes and histone acetyltransferase/deacetylase complexes in chromatin modification can be characterized by the use of energy from ATP hydrolysis or covalent modification. But they have similar functions during the transcriptional process. After fertilization, histone acetylation in paternal and maternal chromatin is reprogrammed to obtain transcriptional activity during chromatin remodeling such as decondensation. However, these mechanisms in zygotic chromatin are poorly understood. In the present study, the reorganization process of histone H4 acetylation after fertilization was investigated through co-localization in the nucleus of ATP-dependent remodeling factors and histone acetyltransferases during parental chromatin decondensation. The molecules were monitored by immunofluorescence analysis with specific antibodies directed against AcH4K5, HAT1, P300, Tip60, Brg-1, and Mi-2. Fluorescence signals of Brg-1 and Mi-2 in porcine embryonic fibroblasts and HeLa cells co-localized with chromatin during interphase and M phase, although the Mi-2 signal existed around chromosomes at metaphase. However, Brg-1 and Mi-2 in porcine oocytes did not interact with chromosomes during meiosis, despite their existence in the oocyte cytoplasm. At 6 h after fertilization, signals of Brg-1 and Mi-2 were observed in most parental chromatin and remained until syngamy of the pronuclear stage. In histone acetylation and chromatin remodeling, acetylation of H4K5 was generated from sperm chromatin at 4 h after fertilization and preceded the appearance of Brg-1. Additionally, HAT1 showed stronger intensities compared with P300 and Tip60, correlating with acetylated-H4K5, and also appeared earlier than Brg-1. In contrast to that in sperm chromatin, Brg-1 in maternal chromatin anteceded HAT1. Consequently, paternal chromatin remodeling was completed after histone acetylation, but maternal chromatin remodeling was preceded by histone acetylation. Our findings indicate that paternal and maternal chromatin undergo differential remodeling and reprogramming during pronuclear formation, suggesting that gene expression in the chromatin of each parent may be regulated separately.
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Camidge, D. Ross, Hye Ryun Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Ji-Youn Han, Maximilian Hochmair, Ki Hyeong Lee, et al. "Association of depth of target lesion response to brigatinib with outcomes in patients with ALK inhibitor-naive ALK+ NSCLC in ALTA-1L." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 9072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.9072.

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9072 Background: In patients (pts) with crizotinib (CRZ)-refractory advanced ALK+ NSCLC in the phase 2 ALTA trial (NCT02094573), the depth of target lesion response to brigatinib (BRG) correlated with PFS and OS. Here, we examine the association of maximum decrease in target lesions with PFS and OS in ALTA-1L (NCT02737501), a randomized phase 3 trial of BRG vs CRZ in pts with ALK inhibitor-naive advanced ALK+ NSCLC. Methods: Pts were randomized 1:1 to receive BRG 180 mg qd (7-day lead-in at 90 mg; n=137) or CRZ 250 mg bid (n=138). Pts with target lesion assessment by blinded independent review committee (BIRC) were grouped based on greatest decrease from baseline per RECIST v1.1: none–50%, 51%–75%, and 76%–100% shrinkage. Outcomes in the ≤50% target lesion shrinkage group served as the comparator for outcomes in the 51%–75% and 76%–100% groups. Results: At study end (last pt contact: Jan 29, 2021), 124/137 pts in the BRG arm and 125/138 pts in the CRZ arm had ≥1 evaluable target lesion assessment; female (BRG/CRZ), 51%/59%; median age, 57.5/60.0 years. Median follow-up was 40.8/15.7 months. In BRG/CRZ arms, 76%-100% shrinkage was observed in 56%/34% of pts, 51%-75% shrinkage in 27%/30%, and ≤50% shrinkage in 16%/35%, respectively. BRG was associated with significantly more pts with target lesion shrinkage >75% vs CRZ ( P=0.0005), and a Cochran-Armitage trend analysis demonstrated significantly deeper response across all shrinkage groups for BRG compared with CRZ ( P<0.0001). A majority of pts in the BRG arm experienced 76%–100% target lesion shrinkage in all subgroups analyzed. Pts treated with BRG or CRZ with target lesion shrinkage >50% had lower risk of a PFS event (BRG HR [95% CI]: 51%–75% shrinkage, 0.58 [0.29–1.18]; 76%–100%, 0.23 [0.12–0.46]; CRZ: 51%–75% shrinkage, 0.68 [0.41–1.12]; 76%–100%, 0.26 [0.15–0.45]) or an OS event (BRG: 51%–75% shrinkage, 0.39 [0.17–0.89]; 76%–100%, 0.15 [0.07–0.35]; CRZ: 51%–75% shrinkage, 0.43 [0.21–0.85]; 76%–100%, 0.23 [0.10–0.50]) than pts with ≤50% shrinkage. Longer median time to PFS and OS and higher 4-year estimated OS rates were associated with depth of response in both arms (Table). Conclusions: In this exploratory post hoc analysis, BRG demonstrated significantly deeper target lesion response vs CRZ. Pts with >75% shrinkage had significantly reduced risk of a PFS or OS event vs pts with ≤50% target lesion shrinkage. Clinical trial information: NCT02737501. [Table: see text]
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Ahn, Myung-Ju, HyeRyun Kim, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Ji-Youn Han, Jong Seok Lee, Maximilian J. Hochmair, Jacky Yu-Chung Li, et al. "Brigatinib (BRG) versus crizotinib (CRZ) in Asian versus non-Asian patients (pts) in the phase III ALTA-1L trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 9026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.9026.

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9026 Background: We report an analysis of BRG vs CRZ in Asian vs non-Asian pts with ALK inhibitor–naive, ALK+ NSCLC from ALTA-1L (NCT02737501). Methods: Pts were randomized 1:1 to BRG 180 mg QD (7-day lead-in at 90 mg) or CRZ 250 mg BID. Primary endpoint: blinded independent review committee (BIRC)-assessed PFS (RECIST v1.1). Secondary efficacy endpoints: BIRC-assessed ORR, intracranial (i) ORR, and iPFS. Results: 275 pts were randomized; 108 Asian (BRG/CRZ, n = 59/49), 167 non-Asian (n = 78/89); median age: Asian, 55/56 y; non-Asian, 60/60 y. 32/24% of Asians vs 22/28% of non-Asians received prior chemotherapy for advanced disease; 36/33% vs 24/28% had baseline CNS metastases. As of 19 Feb 2018, median follow-up was 10.1/10.0 mo (BRG/CRZ) in Asians vs 11.0/9.0 mo in non-Asians, with 12 vs 20 PFS events in Asians and 24 vs 43 in non-Asians. In Asians, median BIRC-assessed PFS (mo) was not reached (NR; 95% CI 11.2–NR) with BRG vs 11.1 (9.2–NR) with CRZ (HR 0.41 [95% CI 0.20–0.86]; log-rank P= 0.0261); in non-Asians, BRG PFS was NR (NR) vs 9.4 (7.3–NR) with CRZ (HR 0.54 [0.33–0.90]; log-rank P= 0.0132) (Table). AE profile of each drug was similar in Asians vs non-Asians. Most common any-grade AEs (≥25%) in Asians in BRG arm: diarrhea; elevated blood CPK, ALT, and AST. Discontinuation due to AE (BRG/CRZ): 8.5/6.3% in Asian pts; 14.3/10.1% in non-Asian pts. Conclusions: BRG showed comparable improvement in PFS vs CRZ both in Asians and non-Asians in ALK inhibitor–naive ALK+ NSCLC. Clinical trial information: NCT02737501. [Table: see text]
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brg-1"

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Bock, Vanessa Leonie. "The Role of Brm, Brg-1, Snail 1 and Snail 2 in the Progression of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4091.

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Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common human cancer worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) make up almost all NMSC. SCC usually arises from actinic keratosis (AK) as a result of exposure to sunlight. SCC and AK provide a useful clinical model to investigate changes involved in the progression of NMSC. This project examines the expression of Brm, Brg-1, Snail 1 and Snail 2 in the progression of NMSC. Brm and Brg-1 are subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex which is involved in regulating the access of cell machinery to DNA by altering the structure of chromatin. It has been suggested that loss of this function is involved in carcinogenesis as the cell is unable to access to DNA normally in order to repair mutations or activate apoptosis. The loss of Brm or Brg-1 has been described in several human cancers. Snail 1 and Snail 2 are zinc-finger transcription factors that are known for their role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process vital to embryological development. Increased expression of these factors leads to a loss of cell-cell adhesion and a migratory phenotype and has been described in some human cancers. In this project, double-label immunohistochemistry was used to determine the relative expression of these proteins in human SCC, BCC, AK and normal skin. The expression of Snail was unable to be determined due to poor specificity of the antibodies used. The expression of both Brm and Brg-1 proteins was found to be dramatically and consistently decreased in SCC and BCC when compared to normal skin and AK. This loss of Brm and Brg-1 occured as the tumour progressed from benign AK to malignant SCC. This finding suggests that the loss of either Brm or Brg-1 constitutes a key step in carcinogenesis. The results of this study identify Brm and Brg-1 as putative tumour suppressors involved in the progression of non-melanoma skin cancer from benign to malignant.
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Bock, Vanessa Leonie. "The Role of Brm, Brg-1, Snail 1 and Snail 2 in the Progression of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4091.

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Master of Medicine
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common human cancer worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) make up almost all NMSC. SCC usually arises from actinic keratosis (AK) as a result of exposure to sunlight. SCC and AK provide a useful clinical model to investigate changes involved in the progression of NMSC. This project examines the expression of Brm, Brg-1, Snail 1 and Snail 2 in the progression of NMSC. Brm and Brg-1 are subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex which is involved in regulating the access of cell machinery to DNA by altering the structure of chromatin. It has been suggested that loss of this function is involved in carcinogenesis as the cell is unable to access to DNA normally in order to repair mutations or activate apoptosis. The loss of Brm or Brg-1 has been described in several human cancers. Snail 1 and Snail 2 are zinc-finger transcription factors that are known for their role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process vital to embryological development. Increased expression of these factors leads to a loss of cell-cell adhesion and a migratory phenotype and has been described in some human cancers. In this project, double-label immunohistochemistry was used to determine the relative expression of these proteins in human SCC, BCC, AK and normal skin. The expression of Snail was unable to be determined due to poor specificity of the antibodies used. The expression of both Brm and Brg-1 proteins was found to be dramatically and consistently decreased in SCC and BCC when compared to normal skin and AK. This loss of Brm and Brg-1 occured as the tumour progressed from benign AK to malignant SCC. This finding suggests that the loss of either Brm or Brg-1 constitutes a key step in carcinogenesis. The results of this study identify Brm and Brg-1 as putative tumour suppressors involved in the progression of non-melanoma skin cancer from benign to malignant.
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STROBECK, MATTHEW WILLIAM. "THE ROLE OF CHROMATIN REMODELING IN RB-MEDIATED CELL CYCLE ARREST." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1014728057.

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Modén, Roger, and Tomas Johansson. "Konstruktionsberäkning enligt Eurokoder : Bro 17-1294-1." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4108.

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Brabin, Charles Edward. "Investigating the regulation and functioning of RNT-1 and BRO-1 in C. elegans." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6d9cd263-1051-443a-b064-c0c329252b28.

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The stem cell-like seam cells of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, represent a tractable and powerful model for studying stem cell biology. rnt-1, the worm homologue of the mammalian RUNX family of transcription factors, together with the CBFβ homologue bro-1, is essential for the proliferation of the seam cells. RUNX genes and CBFβ are important regulators of stem cell development in mammals, and are associated with a variety of cancers. The worm seam cell model offers an opportunity to examine how these genes function in stem cell biology. The aim of this work was to shed light on the genetic network in which bro-1 and rnt-1 function, and to reveal the identity of regulators of these genes as well the downstream targets of the bro-1/rnt-1 pathway. Here, a number of genes that interact with bro-1 and rnt-1 have been identified. ELT-1, a GATA transcription factor, is shown to be a direct regulator of bro-1. Findings which show that the MEIS gene unc-62 acts upstream of bro-1/rnt-1 and regulates the symmetry of seam cell divisions are also presented. The seam cell marker, scm::gfp, is widely used in studies of the seam cells; here the results of an investigation into its identity and functional links are described. In addition, the mechanism underlying spatial regulation of rnt-1 was examined; this led to the discovery of distinct tissue-specific enhancer modules within an intron of this gene. Finally, interactions between pal-1 and bro-1/rnt-1 are reported and described. Together, these findings provide a framework for furthering our understanding of the mechanisms and genes associated with the functioning of bro-1 and rnt-1 in the worm.
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Grönqvist, Oskar. "Förstärkning av bro 17-803-1 : En jämförelse av förstärkningsmetoder." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-8156.

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Schonemann, Marcus Dieter. "The role of the class III POU domain proteins, Brn-1 and Brn-2 in vertebrate development /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9806514.

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Saad, Nicole Liliane. "Investigating the role of rnt-1 and bro-1 in seam cell proliferation in C elegans." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531996.

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Lind, Karolina. "Vad är frivilligt sex? : Om frivilligt deltagande enligt 6 kap 1 § BrB." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423095.

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Andersson, Jonas, David Nyqvist, and Johan Persson. "En dator per elev - bra eller inte? En kvantitativ analys av hur lärare förhåller sig till 1:1 konceptet." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-65162.

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Books on the topic "Brg-1"

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Aggrey, J. E. K. Ebo̳bo̳ bra den 1: Abrabo̳. Accra: Bureau of Ghana Languages, 1992.

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(Indonesia), MRA Media Group. BRI Platinum Bazaar Art Jakarta, 28-30 Agustus 2009: Ballroom 1, The Ritz-Carlton Jakarta Pacific Place. Jakarta]: MRA Media Group, 2009.

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BRS User Meeting (10th 1985 Atlanta and Los Angeles). The tenth annual BRS User Meeting: September 30-October 1, 1985, Atlanta, Georgia, November 12-13, 1985, Los Angeles, California. Latham, NY: BRS Information Technologies, 1985.

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Am Ort: Thomas Bernstein, Daniel Bräg, Stefan Demary ... : Workshop und Ausstellung im Künstlerhof Buch bei Berlin, 1. September-15. Oktober 2000. Berlin: Deutscher Künstlerbund, 2001.

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Administration, United States Federal Highway. Project BRF 84-1(3)8: FAP 84 milepost 7.9, Madison River Bridge east of Norris, Madison County, Montana : final environmental assessment and section 4(f) evaluation. Helena, Mont.]: State of Montana, Dept. of Highways, 1989.

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Administration, United States Federal Highway. Project BRF 84-1(3)8: FAP 84 milepost 7.9, Madison River Bridge east of Norris, Madison County, Montana : draft environmental assessment and section 4(f) evaluation. Helena, Mont.]: State of Montana, Dept. of Highways, 1988.

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Highways, Montana Dept of. Missouri River bridge and approaches southeast of Wolf Point, Montana, BRF 25-1(7)46 ... draft environmental assessment and programmatic section 4(f) statements: Submitted pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(c) and 49 U.S.C. 303. Helena, Mont. (2701 Prospect, Helena 59620)]: Dept. of Highways, 1987.

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Fricker, Rod, and Bartosz Michalowski. Focus BrE 1 Workbook. Pearson Education, 2014.

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Hermann Haack Geographisch-Kartographische Anstalt Gotha. DDR, BRD aktuell, 1:1 125 000. 6th ed. Haack Gotha, 1989.

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Hermann Haack Geographisch-Kartographische Anstalt Gotha. DDR, BRD aktuell 1:1 125 000. Haack Gotha, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Brg-1"

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Centlivre, Mireille, Nicolas Legrand, and Ben Berkhout. "A Conditionally Replicating Human Immunodeficiency Virus in BRG-HIS Mice." In Humanized Mice for HIV Research, 443–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1655-9_35.

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Hüttner, W. "86 BrI‾ X 2Σ1/2 + Bromoiodate(1–)." In Diamagnetic Diatomic Molecules. Part 1, 128. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69954-5_88.

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Schröder, Bernd. "II.1 Die Schülerinnen und Schüler im BRU." In Religionsunterricht an berufsbildenden Schulen, 134–63. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666776953.134.

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Buschfeld, Detlef. "IV.1 Die Berufspädagogik als Gesprächspartnerin des BRU." In Religionsunterricht an berufsbildenden Schulen, 330–43. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666776953.330.

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Christen, Dines. "Molecular Constants of BrI− X 2Σ1/2+ Bromoiodate(1−)." In Molecular Constants Mostly from Microwave, Molecular Beam, and Sub-Doppler Laser Spectroscopy, 194–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49199-7_58.

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Hüttner, W. "85 BrI+ X 2П3/2 Bromoiodine(1+) radical ion." In Diamagnetic Diatomic Molecules. Part 1, 127. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69954-5_87.

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Christen, Dines. "Molecular Constants of BrI+ X 2Π3/2 Bromoiodine (1+) Ion." In Molecular Constants Mostly from Microwave, Molecular Beam, and Sub-Doppler Laser Spectroscopy, 192–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49199-7_57.

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Christen, Dines. "Molecular Constants of BrO+ X 3Σ− Bromine Oxide (1+) Ion." In Molecular Constants Mostly from Microwave, Molecular Beam, and Sub-Doppler Laser Spectroscopy, 224–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49199-7_64.

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Christen, Dines. "Molecular Constants of Br2+ X 2Πg Bromine Molecular (1+) Ion." In Molecular Constants Mostly from Microwave, Molecular Beam, and Sub-Doppler Laser Spectroscopy, 248–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49199-7_71.

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Schachler, Viviane. "Einleitung." In Beiträge zur Teilhabeforschung, 1–5. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35383-4_1.

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ZusammenfassungWozu gibt es Werkstatträte in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen (WfbM)? Wie charakterisieren sich die dortigen Arbeitsbeziehungen? Wie arbeiten Werkstatträte und gelingt es ihnen, ihre Rechte zu mobilisieren? Kann sich in einem separierenden System Partizipation vollziehen und ist es gerechtfertigt, den Beteiligungsanspruch in WfbM bzw. dessen Einlösung als Partizipation zu bezeichnen? Fragen wie diese gaben den Impuls dazu, die Thematik der Werkstatträte in dieser Arbeit aufzugreifen. Nach Artikel 27 Abs. 1 UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention (UN-BRK) ist eine gleichberechtigte Erwerbsarbeit von Menschen mit Behinderungen in einem „integrativen“ Umfeld normativ intendiert. Gleichwohl vollzieht sich in Deutschland die berufliche Realität für derzeit rund 300.000 Personen mit Behinderungen in WfbM (Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft WfbM e. V. [BAG WfbM], 2020a).
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Conference papers on the topic "Brg-1"

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Matsubara, Daisuke, Yuka Kishaba, Shumpei Ishikawa, Masashi Fukayama, and Toshiro Niki. "Abstract 2179: Histopathologic and genetic features of lung adenocarcinomas with loss of chromatin remodeling factors, BRG-1 and BRM." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-2179.

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Ichikawa, Kana, Ammar Adam, Hsin-Jung Wu, David Lahr, Lan Xu, Brandon Antonakos, Liv Johannessen, et al. "888 Synergistic efficacy of the BRM/BRG1 ATPase inhibitor, FHD-286, and anti-PD-1 antibody in mouse syngeneic tumor models." In SITC 37th Annual Meeting (SITC 2022) Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2022-sitc2022.0888.

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Venkateswarlu, Putcha, G. Chakrapani, M. C. George, and M. Henry. "Photoacoustic spectrum (17,750-18,960 cm–1) of Br2." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.tus4.

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Kumar et al. 1 recorded the photoacoustic spectrum (16,100-17,400 cm–1) of Br2 using a flashlamp pumped dye laser. We recorded here the spectrum in the 17,840–18,900-cm–1 region using an excimer laser pumped tunable dye laser and a photoacoustic spectrometer recently assembled.2 Optogalvanic spectrum of Ne is used for wavelength standards. Partial pressure of Br2 is ~250 Torr and that of air is 510 Torr. This spectrum involves the transition X 1 Σ g + → B 3 I I ( 0 u + ) with (18 ≤ V ≤ 49) and (0 ≤ V" ≤ 5). Nonradiative vibrational-rotational energy transfers in B and X states are responsible for the photoacoustic spectrum. High values of υ" are reached by fluorescence from the B state and they go to lower levels only by nonradiative energy transfers as Br2 is homonuclear. The result is that V" = 4 and 5 are well populated at room temperature although the corresponding Boltz-mann factor for these levels is not high.
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Noynaert, L., and R. Cornelissen. "Management of Liabilities at SCK•CEN: Lessons Learned." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7155.

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SCK•CEN launched its technical liabilities and waste management program in 1989. This program refers 3 research reactors, 1 zero power reactor and nuclear laboratories buildings. The main decommissioning activities at SCK•CEN are focused on the BR3 reactor, but decommissioning activities are also carried out in other SCK•CEN facilities. These activities mainly concern old equipments and experiments which have to be decommissioned to make room for new R&D projects. In the past, 4 laboratory buildings of SCK•CEN were fully cleaned before they were transferred for unrestricted reuse to a non nuclear institute. The management of spent fuel and nuclear material is also part of this program. It mainly concerns the back end of BR2 HEU spent fuel, the BR3 LEU and MOX spent fuel. The Technical Liabilities and Waste Management Program are continuously monitored. Technical Liabilities costs were estimated in 1989, 1995, 2000 and 2005. This regular reassessment of the liability costs allows identifying the key issues to be tackled for the sound management of the liabilities. The key issues are listed hereafter by order of decreasing importance: • the differences between the assumption made by the State to secure the Technical Liabilities Fund and the observed economical conditions; • the drastic increase of the waste tariff; • the decrease of the clearance levels; • the development of the legislation regarding decommissioning and waste production activities.
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Pidzyrailo, M. S., S. V. Miagkota, Anatolii S. Voloshinovskii, and Myroslava V. Kutsyk. "Vibronic interactions in CsPbCl 3x Br 3(1-x) (x=0...1) and CsPbCl 2 J crystals." In International Conference on Advanced Optical Materials and Devices, edited by Andris Krumins, Donats K. Millers, Andris R. Sternberg, and Janis Spigulis. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266555.

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Wemhoff, Aaron P., and Van P. Carey. "Surface Tension Prediction From Density Profile Information by Polyatomic Molecular Dynamics Simulations." In ASME 2004 3rd Integrated Nanosystems Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nano2004-46090.

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Surface tension prediction of liquid-vapor interfaces of polyatomic fluids using traditional methods in molecular dynamics simulations has shown to be difficult due to the requirement of evaluating complex intermolecular potentials even though these methods provide accurate predictions. In addition, the traditional methods may only be performed during a simulation run. However, analytical techniques have recently been developed that determine surface tension by using the characteristics of the density profile of the interfacial region between the bulk liquid and vapor regions. Since these characteristics are a standard result of many liquid-vapor interfacial region simulations, these data may be used in a post-simulation analysis. One such method, excess free density integration (EFEDI), provides results from the post-simulation analysis, but the expansion from monatomic to polyatomic fluids is not straightforward [1]. A more general and powerful approach to surface tension involves the application of a Redlich-Kwong-based mean-field theory [2], which has resulted in a single equation linking the surface tension of a fluid, σlv, with the density gradient at the center of the interfacial region, σlv=0.1065(1−T/Tc)−0.34Li2dρ^dzz=0aR0NA2bRNAT1/2ln1+ρ^lbRNA1+ρ^vbRNA(1) where z is the position normal to the interfacial region and is zero at its center, ρ^l and ρ^v are the liquid and vapor molar densities, respectively, TC is the critical temperature, NA is Avogadro’s number, Li is a characteristic length given by Li=kBTCPC1/3(2) and aR0 and bR are the coefficients in the Redlich-Kwong equation of state, P=NkBTV−bRN−aR0N2T1/2V(V+bRN)(3) Furthermore, PC is the critical pressure for the fluid. Reference [2] shows that the relation provided by Equation 1 provides a approximate prediction of surface tension for argon fluid using data from molecular dynamics simulations. The derivation of Equation 1 is based on the assumption that the density profile in the interfacial region follows ρ^−ρ^vρ^l−ρ^v=1e4z/δzi+1(4) where δzi is the interfacial region thickness,. Note that Equation 4 is more commonly expressed in the equivalent form ρ^(z)=12(ρ^l+ρ^v)−12(ρ^l−ρ^v)tanh2zδzi(5) Wemhoff and Carey [1] have recommended the use the fit curve relation given by Equation 5 for the liquid-vapor interfacial region of a diatomic nitrogen system. Therefore, Equation 1 may be used to predict the surface tension for diatomic nitrogen at various temperatures.
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Zeng, Jinan, James J. Butler, Xiaoxiong Xiong, and Nathan Kelley. "JPSS-1 VIIRS solar diffuser witness sample BRF calibration using a table-top goniometer at NASA GSFC." In Earth Observing Systems XXIII, edited by James J. Butler, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong, and Xingfa Gu. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2321970.

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Dela Cruz, Charles S., Wei Liu, Adam Jacoby, Chun Geun Lee, and Jack A. Elias. "Role Of Breast Regression Protein 39 (BRP-39)/chitinase 3-like 1 In Streptococcus Pneumoniae Lung Infection." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5124.

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Jonsson, Julianne E., Michael R. Hill, Christopher R. Chighizola, Christopher R. D’Elia, Barbara S. Linke, Daniel Weber, Benjamin Kirsch, and Jan C. Aurich. "Milling-Induced Residual Stress and Distortion Under Variations of Bulk Residual Stress." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021exabp0096.

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Abstract Undesired distortion can arise during machining of metals from two main mechanisms: 1) release of bulk residual stress in the pre-form, and 2) deformation induced by the cutting tool. The interaction between these two mechanisms is explored herein using aluminum plate-shaped samples that have a large surface with variations of bulk residual stress (BRS), where that surface is subsequently milled and we observe milling-induced residual stress (MIRS) and distortion. Plate samples are cut from two kinds of large blocks, one kind stress-relieved by stretching and a second kind that had been solution heat treated, quenched, and aged. MIRS is measured following milling using hole-drilling with fine depth increments. Distortions of thin wafers cut at the milled surfaces are used to show how the interactions between BRS and MIRS change milling-induced distortion. Data from the study show that the directions of MIRS and distortion relative to the milling direction are changed when milling in samples with high BRS magnitude (roughly ±100 MPa), with the direction of maximum curvature rotating toward or away from the milling direction depending on the sign and direction of BRS. High magnitude BRS increased distortion, nearly doubling the amount found compared to milling in samples free of BRS.
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Bitzer, Julia, Zeynep Kosaloglu, Niels Halama, Claudia Ziegelmeier, Tina Lerchl, Anna Spille, Maria Pudenz, et al. "Abstract 1987: Molecular characterization of the breast cancer-associated antigen NY-BR-1." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1987.

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Reports on the topic "Brg-1"

1

Butler, Lee A., and Eric W. Edwards. BRL-CAD Tutorial Series: Volume 1 - Overview and Installation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403602.

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Manninen, Terhikki, and Pauline Stenberg. Influence of forest floor vegetation on the total forest reflectance and its implications for LAI estimation using vegetation indices. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361379.

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Recently a simple analytic canopy bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) model based on the spectral invariants theory was presented. The model takes into account that the recollision probability in the forest canopy is different for the first scattering than the later ones. Here this model is extended to include the forest floor contribution to the total forest BRF. The effect of the understory vegetation on the total forest BRF as well as on the simple ratio (SR) and the normalized difference (NDVI) vegetation indices is demonstrated for typical cases of boreal forest. The relative contribution of the forest floor to the total BRF was up to 69 % in the red wavelength range and up to 54 % in the NIR wavelength range. Values of SR and NDVI for the forest and the canopy differed within 10 % and 30 % in red and within 1 % and 10 % in the NIR wavelength range. The relative variation of the BRF with the azimuth and view zenith angles was not very sensitive to the forest floor vegetation. Hence, linear correlation of the modelled total BRF and the Ross-thick kernel was strong for dense forests (R2 > 0.9). The agreement between modelled BRF and satellite-based reflectance values was good when measured LAI, clumping index and leaf single scattering albedo values for a boreal forest were used as input to the model.
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Latchman, David S. Regulation of BRCA-1 Gene Expression and Mammary Tumorigenesis by the Brn-3B POU Family Transcription Factor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403379.

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Latchman, David S. Regulation of BRCA-1 Gene Expression and Mammary Tumorigenesis by the Brn-3b POU Family Transcription Factor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413037.

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N., Grondard, Pavoine L., Molina S., Rageade M., Pledran O., and Atyi R.E. Appui à la gestion durable des forêts du bassin du Congo et du bassin amazonien brésilien: Composante 3 – Action 1: développement de projets de démonstration. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/004379.

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Tanny, Josef, Gabriel Katul, Shabtai Cohen, and Meir Teitel. Micrometeorological methods for inferring whole canopy evapotranspiration in large agricultural structures: measurements and modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594402.bard.

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Original objectives and revisions The original objectives as stated in the approved proposal were: (1) To establish guidelines for the use of micrometeorological techniques as accurate, reliable and low-cost tools for continuous monitoring of whole canopy ET of common crops grown in large agricultural structures. (2) To adapt existing methods for protected cultivation environments. (3) To combine previously derived theoretical models of air flow and scalar fluxes in large agricultural structures (an outcome of our previous BARD project) with ET data derived from application of turbulent transport techniques for different crops and structure types. All the objectives have been successfully addressed. The study was focused on both screenhouses and naturally ventilated greenhouses, and all proposed methods were examined. Background to the topic Our previous BARD project established that the eddy covariance (EC) technique is suitable for whole canopy evapotranspiration measurements in large agricultural screenhouses. Nevertheless, the eddy covariance technique remains difficult to apply in the farm due to costs, operational complexity, and post-processing of data – thereby inviting alternative techniques to be developed. The subject of this project was: 1) the evaluation of four turbulent transport (TT) techniques, namely, Surface Renewal (SR), Flux-Variance (FV), Half-order Time Derivative (HTD) and Bowen Ratio (BR), whose instrumentation needs and operational demands are not as elaborate as the EC, to estimate evapotranspiration within large agricultural structures; and 2) the development of mathematical models able to predict water savings and account for the external environmental conditions, physiological properties of the plant, and structure properties as well as to evaluate the necessary micrometeorological conditions for utilizing the above turbulent transfer methods in such protected environments. Major conclusions and achievements The major conclusions are: (i) the SR and FV techniques were suitable for reliable estimates of ET in shading and insect-proof screenhouses; (ii) The BR technique was reliable in shading screenhouses; (iii) HTD provided reasonable results in the shading and insect proof screenhouses; (iv) Quality control analysis of the EC method showed that conditions in the shading and insect proof screenhouses were reasonable for flux measurements. However, in the plastic covered greenhouse energy balance closure was poor. Therefore, the alternative methods could not be analyzed in the greenhouse; (v) A multi-layered flux footprint model was developed for a ‘generic’ crop canopy situated within a protected environment such as a large screenhouse. The new model accounts for the vertically distributed sources and sinks within the canopy volume as well as for modifications introduced by the screen on the flow field and microenvironment. The effect of the screen on fetch as a function of its relative height above the canopy is then studied for the first time and compared to the case where the screen is absent. The model calculations agreed with field experiments based on EC measurements from two screenhouse experiments. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The study established for the first time, both experimentally and theoretically, the use of four simple TT techniques for ET estimates within large agricultural screenhouses. Such measurements, along with reliable theoretical models, will enable the future development of lowcost ET monitoring system which will be attainable for day-to-day use by growers in improving irrigation management.
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Lichter, Amnon, Gopi K. Podila, and Maria R. Davis. Identification of Genetic Determinants that Facilitate Development of B. cinerea at Low Temperature and its Postharvest Pathogenicity. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592641.bard.

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Botrytis cinerea is the postharvest pathogen of many agricultural produce with table grapes, strawberries and tomatoes as major targets. The high efficiency with which B. cinerea causes disease on these produce during storage is attributed in part due to its exceptional ability to develop at very low temperature. Our major goal was to understand the genetic determinants which enable it to develop at low temperature. The specific research objectives were: 1. Identify expression pattern of genes in a coldenriched cDNA library. 2. Identify B. cinerea orthologs of cold-induced genes 3. Profile protein expression and secretion at low temperature on strawberry and grape supplemented media. 4. Test novel methods for the functional analysis of coldresponsive genes. Objective 1 was modified during the research because a microarray platform became available and it allowed us to probe the whole set of candidate genes according to the sequence of 2 strains of the fungus, BO5.10 and T4. The results of this experiment allowed us to validate some of our earlier observations which referred to genes which were the product of a SSH suppression-subtraction library. Before the microarray became available during 2008 we also analyzed the expression of 15 orthologs of cold-induced genes and some of these results were also validated by the microarray experiment. One of our goals was also to perform functional analysis of cold-induced genes. This goal was hampered for 3 years because current methodology for transformation with ‘protoplasts’ failed to deliver knockouts of bacteriordopsin-like (bR) gene which was our primary target for functional analysis. Consequently, we developed 2 alternative transformation platforms, one which involves an air-gun based technique and another which involves DNA injection into sclerotia. Both techniques show great promise and have been validated using different constructs. This contribution is likely to serve the scientific community in the near future. Using these technologies we generated gene knockout constructs of 2 genes and have tested there effect on survival of the fungus at low temperature. With reference to the bR genes our results show that it has a significant effect on mycelial growth of the B. cinerea and the mutants have retarded development at extreme conditions of ionic stress, osmotic stress and low temperature. Another gene of unknown function, HP1 is still under analysis. An ortholog of the yeast cold-induced gene, CCH1 which encodes a calcium tunnel and was shown to be cold-induced in B. cinerea was recently cloned and used to complement yeast mutants and rescue them from cold-sensitivity. One of the significant findings of the microarray study involves a T2 ribonuclease which was validated to be cold-induced by qPCR analysis. This and other genes will serve for future studies. In the frame of the study we also screened a population of 631 natural B. cinerea isolates for development at low temperature and have identified several strains with much higher and lower capacity to develop at low temperature. These strains are likely to be used in the future as candidates for further functional analysis. The major conclusions from the above research point to specific targets of cold-induced genes which are likely to play a role in cold tolerance. One of the most significant observations from the microarray study is that low temperature does not induce ‘general stress response in B. cinerea, which is in agreement to its exceptional capacity to develop at low temperature. Due to the tragic murder of the Co-PI Maria R. Davis and GopiPodila on Feb. 2010 it is impossible to deliver their contribution to the research. The information of the PI is that they failed to deliver objective 4 and none of the information which relates to objective 3 has been delivered to the PI before the murder or in a visit to U. Alabama during June, 2010. Therefore, this report is based solely on the IS data.
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Hellström, Lisa, and Linda Beckman. Att främja hälsa och förebbygga ohälsa bland ungdomar : En nationell och internationell kartläggning över initiativ och insatser. Malmö universitet, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771103.

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Med denna rapport vill vi förmedla hopp till unga, öka kunskapen, med-vetenheten och minska skammen kring psykisk ohälsa. Unga uttrycker själva att de vill ha mer kunskap om psykisk hälsa och skolan lyfts ofta som en bra plattform. Många unga vet inte vart de ska vända sig för att få hjälp med psykiska besvär och de har behov av att bli lyssnade på. När-varande vuxna som lyssnar behövs, dock saknar många vuxna kunskap om psykiska besvär och diagnoser kopplat till psykisk ohälsa.Psykisk hälsa bland unga är en viktig samhällsfråga som de senaste åren har fått mer uppmärksamhet i samhällsdebatten. Flera satsningar har gjorts av civilsamhällesaktörer och offentliga aktörer. Samtidigt visar den internationella kartläggningen att det är svårt att påvisa långsiktiga effek-ter av alla de satsningar som görs. Det kan finnas flera orsaker till detta. Det finns dock insatser som verkar mer lovande och här finns en möjlighet för beslutsfattare att göra skillnad för ungas psykiska hälsa. Förutom att bespara unga onödigt lidande är dessa insatser ofta samhällsekonomisktkostnadseffektiva, eftersom de på sikt leder till minskat vårdsökande och bättre förutsättningar för unga att klara skolan och i förlängningen arbets-livet. Sådana satsningar går även i linje med Barnkonventionen artikel 24 om alla barns rätt till bästa möjliga hälsa, som sedan 2020 är lag i Sverige. Utifrån kartläggningen har vi följande rekommendationer 1. Rusta unga med färdigheter om psykisk ohälsaUnga bör få tillgång till de kunskaper och färdigheter som enligt forsk-ning visat sig lovande för att främja psykisk hälsa och förebygga ohälsa. Internationellt ges flera av dessa insatser inom ramen för sko-lan. De behöver utveckla sina färdigheter i hur man tolkar och förstår sina egna känslor och sin kropp och vad som är vanlig livssmärta, hur man kan hantera den och när man behöver kontakta vården. Därför bör ett nationellt initiativ som når alla barn tas för att främja barn och ungas kunskap och färdigheter om psykisk hälsa för att rusta dem för livet. Det bör även inkludera information om vart man kan vända sig om man behöver ytterligare stöd eller vård. Unga ska vara delaktiga i utformningen av ett sådant initiativ. 2. Ge vuxna kunskap och verktyg om psykisk hälsa – för att underlätta stöd till ungaBarn och unga behöver närvarande vuxna som har förmågan att lyssna, fånga upp och vägleda dem. Det är inte ovanligt att vuxna i barns och ungas närhet upplever osäkerhet och saknar kunskap om psykiska besvär och diagnoser. Därför behöver vuxna, framförallt föräldrar och yrkes-verksamma som jobbar nära unga, få bättre kunskap och verktyg för hur de ska möta unga på ett bättre sätt. Satsningar på att höja föräldrars kun-skap om psykisk hälsa bör göras, exempelvis i form av föräldrastödspro-gram och folkbildning. Lärare bör även ges grundläggande kunskaper om psykisk hälsa inom ramen för lärarutbildningen. 3. Insatser bör följas upp under en längre tidInsatser för att främja psykisk hälsa bör planeras, implementeras och ut-värderas med långtidsuppföljningar (>12 månader). Detta för att bättre kunna bedöma de långsiktiga effekterna och för att kunna utveckla och anpassa insatserna efterhand.
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