Journal articles on the topic 'Breeding selections'
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1
Shelbourne, C. J. A. "Maintaining genetic variation in breeding populations of Radiata pine in New Zealand." Silvae Genetica 68, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-0002.
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Abstract Advanced generation selection (AS) for the future breeding population (BP), becam a focus of tree breeders‘ thinking in the mid 1970s., particularly with Pinus radiata in New Zealand (NZ). Multitrait selection among families was generally recommended, but this reduced genetic variation in the future breeding population. From Shaw and Hood‘s (1985) stochastic simulation, later confirmed by Rosvall, Lindgren and Mullin‘s (1998) stochastic simulation on Norway spruce, it was realised that selecting within families rather than among families of a new breeding population avoided any reduction of genetic variation in the BP. Heritabilities were low for seedling within-family selection but clonal replication within families should strongly increase heritabilities. Gains from cloned versus seedling populations of equal numbers of plants were also deterministically simulated (Shelbourne et al. 2007), and balanced (within-family) selection gains from the cloned populations were all higher than seedling equivalents at heritabilities of 0.5 and under. The late P.A. Jefferson‘s (2016) Breeding Management Plan (which will be soon superceded) contains a re description of New Zealand (NZ) radiata pine breeding. Selections were made in crosses from the earlier program and OP see and scion material were collected from all 360 selections. OP family tests of selections have been planted at 11 sites in NZ and 7 in New South Wales and Tasmania, and scions of their female parents have all been grafted at an archive. Crosses made in the archive are being cloned and the programme was committed to within-family selection to retain genetic variance for the future closed breeding population. Clonally-replicated testing paired with within-family selection is the solution for balancing long-term gain and diversity in BP and PP.
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León, Lorenzo, Raúl de la Rosa, Diego Barranco, and Luis Rallo. "Breeding for Early Bearing in Olive." HortScience 42, no. 3 (June 2007): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.3.499.
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The initial results of a comparative field trial of the first 15 selections of the olive (Olea europaea L.) breeding program of Cordoba, Spain, are presented. These selections came from crosses among ‘Arbequina’, ‘Frantoio’, and ‘Picual’ that were also included in the trial as controls. The trial was planted in July 2001 in a randomized block design with 16 replications and was systematically evaluated for earliness of bearing, vigor, crop, and yield efficiency from 2001 to 2005. Significant differences among selections were found for all characters measured. A greater proportion of early-bearing genotypes than in previous cultivar collections were found, whereas mean accumulated yield was similar to former evaluations. Therefore, the shorter unproductive period obtained in this work seems to indicate that the selection of seedlings for a short juvenile period has provided a shorter unproductive period of the subsequent new cultivars. No correlation between vigor at the seedling stage and vigor in the corresponding adult vegetative propagated selection was found. If the data presented here are confirmed further, some early-bearing cultivars could be suggested as new olive cultivars, the first obtained by cross-breeding in Spain. Additionally, some of them also show a low vigor and could be adapted to high-density hedgerow orchards.
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Nonaka, Keisuke, Masayuki Kita, Yoshinori Ikoma, Hiroshi Fukamachi, Atsushi Imai, Terutaka Yoshioka, and Masahiko Yamada. "Genetic Differences and Environmental Variations in Carotenoid Contents of Fruit Flesh in Parental Population Used in Citrus Breeding in Japan." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 137, no. 4 (July 2012): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.137.4.243.
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To aid the breeding of citrus (Citrus sp.) for high carotenoid content, we assayed the fruit flesh of 48 cultivars and selections within a parental population consisting of both old and new cultivars and selections at two locations in Japan. The mean total carotenoid (CAR) content across all 48 cultivars and selections over the two locations was 26.59 μg·g−1 fresh weight (FW). The most prominent carotenoid was β-cryptoxanthin [BCR (12.09 μg·g−1 FW)] followed by violaxanthin [VIO (8.04 μg·g−1 FW)], ζ-carotene (2.27 μg·g−1 FW), phytoene (1.86 μg·g−1 FW), and β-carotene (0.96 μg·g−1 FW). Broad-sense heritabilities of CAR, BCR, and VIO were 0.80 or greater based on a sample of five fruit on one tree per location in one time sampling for 1 year in a location, which were revealed to be large enough for gauging the genetic variation. The mean CAR and BCR contents in a cultivar and selection group in advanced generations were nearly the same as in the initial population, suggesting no or little selection pressure on carotenoid content in the citrus breeding so far. High carotenoid contents in cultivars and selections released or selected recently, which have high fruit qualities, suggest their high potential for combining high fruit quality and high carotenoid content in breeding. We showed that the critical phenotypic value used in selecting hybrid seedlings can be determined from the estimate of environmental variance.
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Strefeler, Mark S., and Robert Quen. "Breeding for Drought Tolerance in New Guinea Impatiens." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 778D—778. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.778d.
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Six commercial cultivars (Anna, Aurore, Danhill, Danlight, Melanie, and Thelca), one drought-tolerant cultivar (Orangeade), nine breeding selections, and one check genotype of Impatiens hawkeri Bull were evaluated for differences in drought tolerance based on water loss and time to wilt. The six commercially available cultivars had significantly higher mean water loss than the breeding selections and `Orangeade'. These cultivars wilted in 5.11 days vs. 7.33 for `Orangeade' and 9.10 for the breeding selections. These results suggests that sufficient variability exists in New Guinea impatiens germplasm for the reduction of water loss to improve drought tolerance. Regression analysis revealed that total transpirational water loss 96 h after withholding water was an excellent predictor of the time to wilting (a simple measure of drought tolerance) after water was withheld (R2 = 0.95). Thus, a simple, efficient, and objective method for selection of drought-tolerant genotypes has been developed for New Guinea impatiens. A comparison of offspring to parental genotypes showed that, after only one cycle of selection, water loss was significantly reduced by more than 30%. These results suggest that there is sufficient genetic variability present for the development of more drought-tolerant cultivars.
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Cantor, Maria. "(244) Genetic Breeding of Gladiolus hybridus in Romania." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1041D—1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1041d.
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Gladiolus is one of the most popular flower crops grown in Romania. The breeding program at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca of this species has been especially focused on the improvement of main characteristics, such as color, number and form of florets, plant height, multiplication capacity, diseases resistance, etc. A program for genetic breeding of gladiolus varieties using different genitors (Romanian and foreign cultivars) was initiated. An intraspecific crossing between cultivars has been made followed by clonal selection and vegetative multiplication of the selections. In this paper, we show 15 new gladiolus selections, which were observed and analyzed in 2004–05. The selections obtained have a great uniformity of their morphological characteristics. These selections are more vigorous, producing greater number of florets with superior quality, have new colors of flower, and are distinguished by a long blooming time. The intraspecific variability of the above-mentioned characteristics was more than low, and rarely medium, high, or very high. These data suggest fair possibilities to choose the best selections that will be proposed for testing and homologation as new cultivars. The hybrids represent a step forward in combining high qualities in gladiolus. They will contribute to improving the assortment of gladiolus for cut flowers, landscape, or as genetic material, which can be used for new crossing in order to obtain new cultivars. Scientifically, a series of findings appeared considering the combining capacity of genitors, transmission of some useful qualities, and other aspects that contribute to improve of the new varieties.
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Khanizadeh, Shahrokh, and Deborah J. Buszard. "New Strawberry Selections from the Quebec Breeding Program." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 768A—768. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.768a.
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Promising 1989 strawberry selections from the Agriculture Canada/McGill Univ. breeding program have been evaluated since 1990 at three different sites in Quebec. `Kent', `Glooscap', `Honeoye', `Bounty', and `Veestar' were used for comparison. Yield, average fruit weight at each harvest, firmness, color, taste, and other fruit characteristics were evaluated. SJ89288-2 had the highest yield with large fruit. SJ89700-1 and SJ89264-6 produced similar yield to `Kent' and `Glooscap', with firm and large fruit. SJ89700-1 had bright red skin color and SJ89264-6 had bright pale red color. Both are suitable from fresh-market and pick-your-own (PYO). SJ8976-1, another selection, had a firm, large, bright pale red fruit. All four selections have good shelf life quality and will be tested at four sites during 1993–95.
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Маkоvеi, M. D. "The breeding method and its influence on the intensification of the tomato selection process." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-5-43-48.
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Relevance. The article presents the results of using three different selection methods to obtain new forms of tomato that combine high productivity with resistance to high-temperature stress factor.Methods. Eleven hybrid combinations were used as experimental material. Selections were made starting with the offspring of the F1 generation. Three different methodological approaches were used: 1 – step-by-step alternation of sporophytic-gametophytic selections under high temperature pressure; 2 – only gametophytic selection using heat-treated pollen for pollination; 3 – traditional selections based on a high value of indicators of the studied traits. In each of the variants of the experiment, we studied: the heat resistance of offspring at different stages of ontogenesis – "sporophyte-gametophyte"; the duration of the vegetation period of plants; the fruit formation; the total yield. The offspring of the most stable and productive plants isolated from different hybrid combinations were combined in the populations in each variant of the experiment and a comparative analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the methods used was carried out.Results. It is shown that the combination of step-by-step sporophyte-gametophyte selections under the action of high-temperature regimes (43°C and 45°C), at early stages (F1–F3) lead to more stable, productive offspring in F5-F7 both for sporophyte and gametophyte traits, compared to using only gametophyte selections and stronger differences relative to the control variant. The gradual alternation of selections at different stages of ontogenesis also leads to the production of offspring with a shorter period of passage of the phenophases "seedling-flowering" – "floweringmaturation" and a stable manifestation of signs that determine the quality of the fruits. Using only gametophytic selections and traditional methods of selection was less effective than alternating sporophyte-gametophyte ones.Conclusions. The differentiating ability of the selection methods used and their influence on obtaining more resistance and productive genotypes was established. The advantage of the method of step-by-step alternation of sporophyte-gametophyte selections, which led to the production of new lines (118/1, 124/1, 133-11/1, 133-12/1, 134/1, 110/1 and 7/1) with high resistance at different stages of ontogenesis (sporophyte-gametophyte), shorter vegetation period and high fruit-forming capacity in three different years of research (2015-2017).
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KITCH, L. W., O. BOUKAR, C. ENDONDO, and L. L. MURDOCK. "FARMER ACCEPTABILITY CRITERIA IN BREEDING COWPEA." Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 4 (October 1998): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479798004049.
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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) farmers from diverse geographical areas in northern Cameroon selected breeding lines from on-station trials for their own fields and explained their reasons (criteria) for making the selections. The average selection intensity employed by farmers varied from 6 to 17% and was similar to that employed by plant breeders. Their selection criteria fell into three broad categories relating to yield, preference and quality, and labour, which were very consistent over years, locations and gender. Selection criteria were strongly influenced by market preferences, reflecting the increasing role of cowpea as a cash crop. Implications of these findings for breeding strategies and genetic resource conservation are discussed.
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Zas, Rafael. "The impact of spatial heterogeneity on selection: a case study on Pinus pinaster breeding seedling orchards." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 1 (January 2008): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-099.
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Although failure to account for spatial autocorrelation has been dramatic in some forest progeny trials, little attention has been paid to how this issue may affect selections within the trials. The effects of spatial autocorrelation of height growth on the estimation of genetic gain and on the spatial distribution of the selected trees were studied in four Pinus pinaster Ait. progeny trials that were rogued using different selection methods and intensities. When selections are based on unadjusted original values, selected trees tend to be located in the best microsites and are unlikely to be the most genetically superior. This resulted in a loss of genetic gain that varied between 10% and 20% and sometimes exceeded 30%. Differences in the loss of gain among different selection methods and intensities were minor and followed no clear pattern. Selecting on the basis of a conventional model resulted in spatial patterns of the retained trees that were clearly aggregated in all cases. However, selections based on spatially adjusted data resulted in random spatial patterns, except with family selection because of the use of multiple-tree plots. Because clumping of the retained trees may seriously affect the quantity and quality of the seed crop, breeders are strongly encouraged to use appropriate spatial models for roguing breeding seedling orchards.
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Hiirsalmi, Heimo. "Small fruit breeding in Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 60, no. 4 (March 1, 1988): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72295.
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In Finland, the breeding of small fruits has been focused on species belonging to the Ribes, Fragaria, Rubus, Vaccinium and Hippophaë genera. Of the blackcurrant, many local varieties have been brought under cultivation during this century, the most significant being ‘Brödtorp’ and ‘Melalahti’. The Department of Horticulture of the Agricultural Research Centre has, by means of intervariety crossings, developed selections combining high yield, upright growth and resistance to gooseberry mildew. A selection with greenberries, chosen from among the self-pollination progeny of the Swedish ‘Öjebyn’ variety, was released for cultivation in 1987, under the name ‘Vertti’. As to the gooseberry, the old Finnish varieties ‘Hinnnomäen keltainen’ and ‘Lepaanpunainen’ are still generally cultivated. In 1984, the Department of Horticulture released the late, cultivated strawberry variety ‘Hiku’, a very good cropper, for cultivation. It comes from the crossing ‘Senga Sengana’ x ‘Redgauntlet’. The most promising early selection, which this spring was released for cultivation under the name ‘Mari’, comes from the crossing ‘Pocahontas’ x ‘Lihama’. In 1986, the wood strawberry variety ‘Minja’ a result of the crossing Fragaria vesca x ‘Rügen’, was brought under cultivation. In the breeding of the raspberry, the Department of Horticulture has utilized the gene pools of wild raspberries; this has produced new selections with fairly good winter hardiness. This spring a variety named ‘Ville’, which was produced in the crossing of the Canadian ‘Ottawa’ and a Finnish wild raspberry strain, was introduced on the market. In addition, the raspberry has been crossed with the arctic bramble. By means of many crossings and back-crossings, the so-called nectar raspberry was developed, of which the variety ‘Heija’ was released for cultivation in 1975 and the variety ‘Heisa’ in 1981. Of the arctic bramble, two natural strains selected by the North Savo Research Station of the Agricultural Research Centre were brought under cultivation in 1972 under the variety names ‘Mesma’ and ‘Mespi’. The cross between them, ‘Pima’, was released for cultivation in 1982. By crossing the arctic bramble with the Alaska bramble, the Department of Horticulture has developed arctic bramble hybrid selections, two of which were named varieties, ‘Aura’ and ‘Astra’, in 1986. They form a higher growth structure than the arctic bramble, are better croppers and have bigger berries with the fine aroma of the arctic bramble. As a result of the breeding work done at the Department of Horticulture, a high bush blueberry variety, ‘Aron’, with a better winter hardiness than the foreign varieties, was released for cultivation in 1982. It comes from the back-crossing ‘Rancocas’ x (Vaccinium utiginosum x ‘Rancocas’). The aim of the breeding of the sea-buckthorn at the Department of Horticulture is, by means of crossings between subspecies growing wild in Europe and Asia, to reduce the thorniness of the bushes and to cause the berries to come off the stalks intact. The release of two selections for cultivation is presently being prepared.
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Zhou, Lili, Frank Kappel, Cheryl Hampson, Paul A. Wiersma, and Guus Bakkeren. "Genetic Analysis and Discrimination of Sweet Cherry Cultivars and Selections Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprints." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 5 (September 2002): 786–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.5.786.
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Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to analyze the relationships between sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars and selections from the breeding program at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre in Summerland, Canada. Six pairs of preselected primers were used for the analysis of a total of 67 cultivars and selections. Scoring the absence and presence of 118 polymorphic DNA fragments produced a unique binary code for each cultivar and selection. Two phylogenetic trees were constructed using these 118 polymorphic fragments, one tree for 55 related cultivars and selections from the Summerland breeding program and the other for 23 self-incompatible cultivars of differing origins. The reliability of AFLP DNA fingerprints was confirmed by correlating relationships revealed by AFLP profiles with known genetic relationships of some sweet cherry cultivars and by a blind test for cultivar identification. Results indicate that AFLP analysis is a good technique to evaluate genetic distance and relationships in a sweet cherry breeding population.
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Amirov, B. M., Z. S. Amirova, U. A. Manabaeva, and K. R. Zhasybaeva. "Assessment of onion breeding selections in storage." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1143 (October 2016): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1143.24.
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Faedi, W., G. Baruzzi, and P. Lucchi. "OUTSTANDING STRAWBERRY SELECTIONS FROM ITALIAN BREEDING ACTIVITY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 626 (November 2003): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.626.17.
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Strefeler, Mark S., and Robert-Jan W. Quené. "Variability in Water Loss Patterns of New Guinea Impatiens Cultivars and Breeding Selections." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 3 (May 1995): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.3.527.
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Six commercial cultivars (Anna, Aurore, Danhill, Danlight, Melanie, and Thelca), one drought tolerant cultivar (Orangeade), nine breeding selections, and one check genotype of Impatiens hawkeri Bull were evaluated for differences in drought tolerance based on water loss and time to wilt. The six commercially available cultivars had significantly higher mean water loss than the breeding selections and `Orangeade'. These cultivars wilted in 5.11 vs. 7.33 days for `Orangeade' and 9.10 days for the breeding selections. These results suggest that sufficient variability exists in New Guinea impatiens germplasm for the reduction of water loss to improve drought tolerance. Regression analysis revealed that total transpirational water loss 96 hours after withholding water was an excellent predictor of the time to wilting (a simple measure of drought tolerance) after water was withheld (R2 = 0.95). Thus, a simple, efficient and objective method for selection of drought tolerant genotypes has been developed for New Guinea impatiens. A comparison of offspring to parental genotypes showed that after only one cycle of selection, water loss was significantly reduced by >30%. These results suggest that there is sufficient genetic variability present for the development of more drought tolerant cultivars.
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Kamal, Neel, Seyed Nourbakhsh, and Christopher Cramer. "Reduced Iris Yellow Spot Symptoms through Selection within Onion Breeding Lines." Horticulturae 7, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7020012.
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Iris yellow spot (IYS) disease in onion (Allium cepa L.) is caused by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci L.) vectored Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). The absence of cultivars that are resistant/tolerant to thrips and/or IYS is a challenge for onion bulb and seed production worldwide. To measure selection progress for reduced/delayed IYS symptom expression in onion breeding lines after two selection cycles, selections were performed in 2011 on previously evaluated lines that exhibited a reduced symptom expression after one selection cycle. Selected plants from each line were massed in a cage and the resulted progenies were evaluated in 2013 and 2014 along with their original populations and a susceptible check—’Rumba’. In some comparisons, the selection progress for delayed/reduced IYS symptom expression was observed for some breeding lines. Plants of most selected breeding lines exhibited less disease expression than plants of ‘Rumba’. For some selections, a low disease severity was observed even with a relatively high number of thrips per plant. These results suggest that further improvement might be achievable with additional cycles of selection.
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Perkins-Veazie, P., J. K. Collins, and J. R. Clark. "Sensory and Storage Evaluation of Nectarine and White Peach Breeding Lines." HortScience 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 605c—605. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.605c.
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Promising white peach and nectarine selections, many with nonmelting flesh, from the Univ. of Arkansas breeding program were evaluated for fruit quality and flavor. About 20 kg of fruit, consisting of mature ripe and ripe stages, were harvested from 4- to 7-year-old trees in Arkansas and transported to Lane, Okla. Fruit were divided into two boxes per selection. One box was held at 5 °C for 8 days, then transferred to 20 °C for 4 days to induce chilling injury and was evaluated for storage quality. The other box was held at 20 °C for 4 days and fruit used for taste panels. Of the 14 nectarine and 12 white peach selections evaluated, one nectarine and four white peach selections had slight chilling injury. Flesh firmness of selections after storage ranged from 6 to 50 N. Taste panelist scores indicated that sweetness was associated with peach flavor in both nectarines and white peaches and that overall acceptability was dependent on sweetness, peach flavor, and low tartness. Ten of the white peach selections were equal to or better in overall acceptability compared to `Summer Pearl' and `Carolina Belle' cultivars included in the study. Panelists did not consider firm texture to be detrimental to overall acceptability. Results indicate that many of the breeding lines used in this study had fruit equal to or better than currently available cultivars in storage life, firmness, and sweetness.
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Van den Bosch, J., and C. F. Mercer. "Third generation progress in breeding white clover for resistance to root-knot nematode." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 6 (January 1, 1996): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.6.1995.3360.
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Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) reduces growth and nutrition of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in New Zealand, and breeding resistant cultivars (with low galls per gram of root) is the preferred control method. Resistant and susceptible selections were bred from a wide range of white clover lines for three generations. In the third generation there were significant differences between seed lines from the selections for number of galls, root dry weight, visual growth score and galls/gram of root dry weight. Resistant selections had 43% of the susceptible selections' galls per gram, and 50% of the number of galls. Germplasm showing resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in the USA showed partial resistance to the local Meloidogyne sp. Two resistant and two susceptible genotypes were also compared for nematode egg production; resistant genotypes had a mean of 3,460 eggs/plant, compared to 25,030 for susceptible genotypes. Keywords: breeding, Meloidogyne sp., resistance, rootknot nematode, screening, selection, Trifolium repens, white clover
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Gorbunov, Aleksey, Galina Tyak, Valeriy Makeev, and Tatyana Kurlovich. "The Introduction and Breeding of Vaccinioideae in Russia." BIO Web of Conferences 38 (2021): 00038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213800038.
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This article briefly reviews the history of researching the introduction and breeding of cranberry, blueberry and cowberry in the world. The results and prospects of research in these areas in the CSBS SB RAS and the CEFES ARRISMF are presented. The article shows the effectiveness of selecting from natural populations promising material for introduction and breeding, and also the usage of intraspecific and interspecific hybridization for Vaccinioidaea breeding. As a result of longterm studies, the collections of Vaccinioidae were made in Russia. In CSBG SB RAS it totals 7 species, 1 subspecies, 54 varieties, 8 hybrids, 101 forms, including 64 selections and world’s first 8 varieties of Vaccinium uliginosum. In CE FES ARRISMF it totals 7 species, 1 subspecies, 82 varieties, 40 hybrids, 58 forms including 40 selections and the first Russian 7 varieties of Oxycoccus palustris and 3 varieties of Vaccinium vitis-idaea.
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Sharma, Neeraj, Wichard Sanders, Robert Graveland, John Schoper, and Hugo Campos. "A public–private partnership to speed up potato breeding." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (December 16, 2020): 826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0083.
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AbstractThe process to develop potato cultivars is complex and lengthy due to numerous reasons, viz., tetrasomic inheritance with heterozygous nature, large number of phenotypic recurrent selections, low efficiency of selections in early generations, slow multiplication rate of selected clones, and others. In Southeast Asia, varieties are primarily developed by public sector having poor seed multiplication facilities, and the complexity is further aggravated by the presence of few commercial seed multipliers. To speed up the breeding and selection processes and ensure the adoption of developed varieties by strengthening the seed value chain, a public–private partnership has been established between International Potato Center and HZPC, a leading private potato seed company. The adopted integrated breeding approach is a blend of modern and traditional breeding techniques involving shuttle breeding and stringent selection of disease-resistant cultivars through marker-assisted selection at early stage, followed by parallel evaluation in several environments and rapid disease-free multiplication of the elite material. This study simultaneously addresses the issues related to the extensive and complex variety registration process in the region by initiating discussion with the local authorities. The collaboration is likely to set norms for licensing and benefit-sharing between public and private partners in future alliances.
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Choi, Cheol, and Frank Kappel. "Inbreeding, Coancestry, and Founding Clones of Sweet Cherries from North America." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, no. 4 (July 2004): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.129.4.0535.
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Inbreeding and coancestry coefficients were calculated for 66 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) selections released from four breeding programs in North America (HRIO, Vineland, Ont., IAREC, Prosser, Wash., NYSAES, Geneva, N.Y., and PARC, Summerland, B.C.). Highly used founding clones were `Black Heart', `Emperor Francis', `Empress Eugenie', `Napoleon' and `Windsor'. Coefficients of coancestry between all selections and these clones averaged 0.038, 0.045, 0.060, 0.091, and 0.033, respectively. In these five founding clones, coefficients of coancestry in self-compatible selections were over twice as much as those in self-incompatible selections except `Windsor'. In the analysis of coefficients of coancestry between self-incompatible and self-compatible sweet cherry, almost 20% of self-incompatible selections represent more than a half-sib relationship (0.125) to self-compatibles. Increasing and maintaining genetic diversity is needed in sweet cherry breeding program in North America for continued breeding progress.
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Fiola, Joseph A., Gojko Jelenkovic, and Gene Galletta. "016 NJUS STRAWBERRY BREEDING ADVANCED SELECTIONS FOR THE ANNUAL AND MATTED-ROW PRODUCTION SYSTEMS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 429g—429. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.429g.
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The major objective of the NJUS Strawberry Breeding Program is the development of early ripening cultivars with excellent fruit flavor and size for production under conventional matted-row, and high density annual production systems. In the 1993 replicated Step 3 trials (1991; 1992 planted), sixteen selections had higher yield than `Earliglow' (8127, 11312 kg/Ha), ranging from 8433 kg/Ha to 13334 kg/Ha. Thirty-one had higher weighted average fruit weight (WAFW) over the season than `Earliglow' (8.8 g; 8.4 g), ranging from 9.0 g to 12.3 g. Selection for phenotype best suited for annual stem includes: low runnering, strong vigor, earliness, and large fruit size. In 1993 harvested Step III, four selections had comparable or higher yield (range: 12,866 to 27,128 kg/Ha) than `Chandler' (12,950 kg/Ha), as well as larger primary and WAFW (range: 13.5 to 16.4 g). All selections were significantly earlier than `Chandler'. In summary, the NJUS Strawberry Breeding Program has selections for the matted-row and annual production systems which are early, with excellent fruit flavor, size, and firmness for fresh market production.
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Sherman, W. B., and J. Rodriquez-AJcazar. "Breeding of Low-chill Peach and Nectarine for Mild Winters." HortScience 22, no. 6 (December 1987): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.6.1233.
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Abstract Breeding low-chilling peach and nectarine cultivars began in Florida in 1953. Objectives were to produce low-chilling, early-ripening peach cultivars with fruit qualities equal to temperate-zone cultivars. Low chilling was essential for local adaptation (4). Early ripening was essential to allow production of the earliest-season peaches on the domestic market with little competition from other states and to allow harvest of the crop during the relatively dry period of late April and May. Feral selections descended from Spanish seed introductions through St. Augustine, Fla., seed importations from Okinawa, and ‘Hawaiian’, a South China clone, served as the main sources of low chilling (18). These sources were hybridized with high-chilling U.S. clones having commercial fruit qualities. Resultant seedlings were selected for best adaptation and improvement in fruit qualities above that of the low-chilling parents. Chilling requirements of progeny were near midparent values; chilling requirements of the F2 seedlings ranged from equal to the low parent to equal to the high parent (14), indicating that many genes are involved in chilling. Selections were intermated, and low-chilling progeny were hybridized with other high-chilling U.S. clones, resulting in more progenies for further selection. Commercial fruit size and satisfactory horticultural qualities were obtained after six generations of crosses and backcrosses. Clonal selections made during these six generations and in subsequent generations serve as the basis for most low-chilling cultivars currently grown in Florida, southern Texas, and southern California. Selections from this program are either grown commercially or being evaluated in many tropical and tropical highland areas of the world (11, 16, 19, 24).
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Mullins, Charles A., R. Allen Straw, J. Rennie Stavely, and Jim Wyatt. "Evaluation of `White Half Runner' Green Bean Breeding Lines for Yield, Quality, and Disease Resistance." HortTechnology 10, no. 4 (January 2000): 819–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.4.819.
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`White Half Runner' is a popular green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar in the southern Appalachian region of the United States. The cultivar is highly susceptible to rust and virus diseases. Nine breeding lines with `White Half Runner' parentage were compared to `White Half Runner' for rust tolerance, yield, and pod quality in 1998 and 1999 field trials at Crossville, Tenn. The BelTenn selections were developed by USDA plant breeders and the UT selections were developed by University of Tennessee plant breeders. Selections `BelTenn-RR-2', `BelTenn 4-12028', `BelTenn 4-12046', `BelTenn 4-12053', `BelTenn 5-2717' and `UT-96-3' were resistant to rust. Only `UT 96-4' had lower yields than `White Half Runner' in 1999. The BelTenn lines had slightly smaller pods, and the UT selections had larger and rougher pods than `White Half Runner'. `BelTenn-RR-2' wasreleased in 1995 as a breeding line with rust resistance and pod quality similar to `White Half Runner'. Further selection of BelTenn-RR-2 by a private seed company led to the naming of a cultivar named `Volunteer White Half Runner'.
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Norton, J. D., Hongwen Huang, and Fenny Dane. "Breeding and Improvement of Chinese Chestnut." HortScience 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 600f—600. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.600f.
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The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) is a valuable germplasm resource for horticultural traits such as resistance to chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), excellent quality, wide adaptation, and consistent high yield. The Chinese chestnut breeding program was established at Auburn Univ. in 1933 from nuts directly introduced from China by the USDA. A recurrent selection breeding program with progeny from the 1933, 1953, and 1991 plantings with selection for blight resistance, precocity, nut size, and storage quality, yield, and pest resistance. Cultivars released from the 1933 planting were `Alaling,' `Alamore', and `Black Beauty'. `AU-Cropper', `AU-Leader', and `AU-Homestead' were named from the 1953 planting. Two blight-resistant, precocious seedlings, AU-91-P1-26 and AU-P4-26, appear to be very promising selections for improvement of all Chinese chestnut cultivars for nut size and other selection traits. Since there is little information available regarding heritability of certain traits in perennial tree species, results of 65 years of breeding at Auburn Univ. should provide us with guidance for further improvement of selection traits in chestnut breeding.
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Branch, W. D., and C. K. Kvien. "Peanut Breeding for Drought Resistance1." Peanut Science 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-19-1-12.
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Abstract Because drought continues to be a major limiting environmental factor in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production, a breeding strategy for developing drought resistance was initiated in the early 1980's at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station. Crosses were made between advanced breeding lines and drought resistant germplasm. Rainout shelters were used between 60 and 120 days after planting to provide mid-season drought stress so that pedigree selection could be made within early-segregating generations. Eight pure-line selections from the GA T-2465 × Tifton-8 cross combination were first evaluation in irrigated yield trials. The Georgia selection, GA 901412 now GA T-2842, had the highest pod yield in two irrigated test during 1989 and 1990, and was found to have a 25% yield advantage over Florunner under severe drought stress during 1990. In 1991, this same drought resistant selection again had the top yield over 16 other Virginia/runner type cultivars in each dryland test at two Georgia locations. Thus, progress has been made in developing adapted drought resistant Georgia breeding lines, and such a breeding approach merits consideration for developing future drought resistant candivars.
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Lewers, Kim S., Yaguang Luo, and Bryan T. Vinyard. "Evaluating strawberry breeding selections for postharvest fruit decay." Euphytica 186, no. 2 (April 4, 2012): 539–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-012-0654-8.
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Li, Bailian. "Aspen improvement strategies for western Canada — Alberta and Saskatchewan." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 720–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71720-6.
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A breeding plan was developed for improving trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and aspen hybrids for fiber and wood production in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Phenotypic selections are being made from three major geographic regions, northern Alberta (55°-57° N, 114°-120° W), southern Alberta (53°-55° N 114°-120° W), and East-central Alberta and western Saskatchewan (54°-56° N, 107°-114° W). The initial breeding population will include 150 phenotypically selected individuals, 50 from each of the three regions. Open-pollinated seed will be collected and a provenance study will be established to examine the genetic variation in growth and adaptability across the regions. A simple recurrent breeding program for general combining ability will be implemented to improve pure trembling aspen. Initial breeding will be done within each of the three geographic regions until provenance information is available. A nested polycross mating design will be implemented to evaluate the selected parents and generate new breeding materials. Based on early measurements in progeny tests, outstanding parents will be selected to produce planting stock for operational planting. Selections for second generation breeding will be made at age 10 after wood quality and disease resistance can be evaluated reliably. A combined family- and within-family selection will be used to form a new breeding population. The initial focus of the hybrid breeding program will be to identify the interspecfic aspen hybrids that are suitable for planting in northern latitudes. Hybridization will concentrate on crosses between the local trembling aspen and northern sources of P. tremula and P. davidiana. Key words: aspen selection, breeding, hybridization, P. tremuloides, P. tremula and P. davidiana
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Nampeera, Esther L., Sue Blodgett, Matthew E. O’Neal, Gail R. Nonnecke, Lucy K. Murungi, Mary O. Abukutsa-Onyango, and John M. Wesonga. "Resistance of Amaranthus Spp. to the Green Peach Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 1299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa013.
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Abstract The green peach aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] is an important pest of amaranth grown for leaf consumption (i.e., leafy amaranth) in the tropics. Aphids reduce the amount of fresh leaf yield of amaranth and the value of leafy amaranth as aphid-infested leaves are not marketable. Our objective was to evaluate Amaranthus species selected by a breeding program in East Africa to develop cultivars for leaf consumption with resistance to M. persicae. We focused on antibiosis to determine whether varieties of Amaranthus spp. could be grown without producing an aphid population. Artificial infestations of aphids were placed on multiple selections of three species of Amaranthus: two selections of A. blitum, four selections of A. hybridus and one selection of A. hypochondriacus. Aphid populations were assessed over a 5-wk period. Evaluations of vegetative yield, leaf damage symptoms, and specific leaf area (SLA) were made of the seven selections at the end of this experiment. Aphid populations assessed 49 d after planting differed significantly (P ≤ 0.001) among the amaranth species and within selections of the same species. The selections of A. blitum had the lowest aphid populations, and A. hybridus had the highest populations. Selections of A. hybridus produced the most marketable leaves (i.e., aphid free). The fresh weight of A. blitum were the lowest of the seven selections, whereas A. hybridus had the greatest fresh leaf weight. Implications of these finding for further promotion of amaranth breeding are discussed related to pest management for leaf production.
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Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste, Amélie Lescroël, David Pinaud, Philip N. Trathan, and Charles-André Bost. "Larger foraging range but similar habitat selection in non-breeding versus breeding sub-Antarctic penguins." Antarctic Science 23, no. 2 (January 5, 2011): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000957.
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AbstractFor land-breeding marine organisms such as seabirds, knowledge about their habitat use has mainly been gained through studies of breeding individuals that are constrained to return frequently to their breeding grounds. In this study we set out to measure whether: a) habitat selection in the non-breeding period predicts habitat selection in the breeding period, and b) whether breeding individuals concentrated their activity on the closest suitable habitats. MacaroniEudyptes chrysolophusand gentooPygoscelis papuapenguins, two marine predators with contrasting foraging strategies, were tracked from the Iles Kerguelen and their habitat selection investigated through Mahalanobis distances factorial analysis. This study presents the first data about gentoo penguins’ juvenile dispersal. For both species, results showed 6.9 times larger maximum ranges and up to 12.2 times greater distances travelled during the non-breeding period. Habitat suitability maps suggested both species made similar environmental selections whatever the period. Macaroni penguins targeted pelagic areas beyond the shelf break while gentoo penguins always remained over the shelf. We consider the ecological significance of larger scale movements made outside the breeding period and suggest that this non-breeding period is of particular interest when attempting to understand an animal's habitat selection.
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Stahler, M. M., F. J. Lawrence, and R. R. Martin. "Incidence of Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus in Breeding Plots of Red Raspberry." HortScience 30, no. 1 (February 1995): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.1.113.
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More than 300 red raspberry cultivars and selections were screened for raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), tobacco streak virus (TSV), and tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in three naturally infected breeding program selection plots at Corvallis, Ore. All genotypes tested negative for TSV and TomRSV. The RBDV incidence in primocane-fruiting cultivars and selections was 67%; in floricane-fruiting genotypes, it was 34%. The pattern of RBDV infection in the field showed no discernible trend. The high incidence may have been due to use of infected parents, propagation of infected genotypes, and pollen transmission. `Willamette', considered to be immune to the common strain of RBDV, along with 14 clones that had been in the field 10 years or longer, tested negative. The high incidence of RBDV in the breeding plots may provide an opportunity to identify resistant parents for breeding programs. An early seedling screening method for RBDV susceptibility is desirable to eliminate highly susceptible genotypes from the program and maintain a lower incidence of RBDV within the breeding plots.
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Amand, P. C. St, and D. R. La Bonte. "DATABASE FOR SWEETPOTATO BREEDING PROGRAMS." HortScience 25, no. 8 (August 1990): 855c—855. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.855c.
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A user-friendly, menu driven, database program was developed to facilitate storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data associated with a sweetpotato breeding program. The database is written in FoxBASE+ for IBM and compatible personal computers. The database consists of a variety of test options with statistical capabilities for analysis of raw test data for commonly evaluated factors used to screen sweetpotato selections. The database also contains options which permit the user to query the stored data. An important feature is the summarization of test data for individual selections based on all the tests it has been entered into. Overall means, SDs and comparisons with user specified checks are listed in a printout for each factor along with morphological descriptors, parentage, and a note section. The database also assists the user in field research through recording of plot plans, data collection forms and related data query options.
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Thompson, Anson E., Dennis T. Ray, Margaret Livingston, and David A. Dierig. "Variability of Rubber and Plant Growth Characteristics Among Single-plant Selections from a Diverse Guayule Breeding Population." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 113, no. 4 (July 1988): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.113.4.608.
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Abstract Single plant selections from a diverse guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) breeding population were evaluated for rubber and resin concentration, rubber and resin yield, and 12 growth characteristics. Thirty-seven superior selections (≈9% of the total of 421 single plant selections) exhibit combinations of satisfactory biomass production, high rubber yield, and strong regeneration and survival after harvesting by clipping the branches at a height of 0.10 m. Rubber concentration (%) was not highly correlated with the 12 plant characteristics measured. In contrast, rubber yield (g/plant) was highly correlated with plant dry weight and other plant characters related to biomass production. Twelve of the 37 superior selections had yields >125 g of rubber per plant, and the rubber concentration of seven of these 12 plants exceeded the mean (7.1%) of the 37 superior selections. Selection for high rubber concentration and yield with strong top regrowth after clipping appears to be feasible, and should expedite the development of a multiple harvesting system and rapid commercialization of guayule as a new domestic source of natural rubber.
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Hampson, Cheryl R., R. McNew, J. Cline, C. Embree, C. Embree, J. Zandstra, and K. Wilson. "Regional differences in performance of Canadian-bred apple cultivars and implications for breeding." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08005.
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To evaluate their commercial potential in several major production regions of Canada, 10 Canadian breeding selections and two standard cultivars of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) were planted at four locations: one in British Columbia, two in Ontario and one in Nova Scotia. Subsidiary objectives of the trial were to determine whether wider testing of promising apple selections was warranted, and to accumulate information to help guide breeders in selecting apples for widespread adaptation. At each site the planting was arranged in a randomized complete block design with eight replicates. Individual trees were the unit of replication. Data were collected for 7 yr (5 cropping years). The measures of orchard performance recorded were: tree survival, trunk-cross sectional area, final tree height and canopy spread, precocity, times of bloom and harvest, yield, yield efficiency, and average fruit size. The effects of location, genotype and genotype × location interaction were statistically significant for all response variables. The two standard cultivars, Royal Gala and Summerland McIntosh, were intermediate to high in precocity, tree vigour, yield and fruit size. No single cultivar was superior in these characteristics at all locations. Among the test selections, S23-06-153 and 8S-27-43 had the most consistently good performance with regard to tree survival, tree vigour, yield, yield efficiency, pre-harvest fruit drop and fruit size. 8S6923 (Aurora Golden Gala™) and Silken also performed well, except that fruit size was smaller in eastern Canada. Many of the selections took fewer days to reach maturity in Nova Scotia and Ontario than they did in British Columbia. The results obtained suggest that regional testing is highly desirable for characteristics such as tree survival, yield, pre-harvest drop and climatic suitability (e.g. dates of bloom and harvest), all of which profoundly affect the commercial desirability of the cultivar. If the present results can be generalized, breeding and selection of new genotypes at one location are probably adequate for tree vigour, relative order of bloom and harvest, and precocity, despite the genotype × environment interaction demonstated. For these characteristics, the modest changes in rank among cultivars from location to location do not have great practical or economic consequences. Selection at one location may also be effective for fruit size and percentage of over colour, if the breeder takes location effects into account (smaller fruit in Ontario and Nova Scotia, less colour on early-harvest apples in British Columbia). Key words: Fruit breeding, cultivar testing
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Yousef, Gad G., Mary A. Lila, Ivette Guzman, James R. Ballington, and Allan F. Brown. "Impact of Interspecific Introgression on Anthocyanin Profiles of Southern Highbush Blueberry." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 139, no. 2 (March 2014): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.139.2.99.
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Blueberry (Vaccinium L. section Cyanococcus Gray), a rich source of polyphenolics with important implications for human health and chronic diseases, has become a major fruit commodity in the United States. This study was designed to assess the impact of introgression through interspecific hybridization on anthocyanin (ANC) profiles among blueberry species. Southern highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum L.) and rabbiteye blueberry (V. virgatum Ait.) commercial cultivars, North Carolina blueberry breeding selections, and blueberry breeding populations with varying degrees of introgression from multiple species were used to address this question. The breeding selections and populations were created and selected for traits not directly related to their ANC profiles and are therefore likely representative of the current selection objectives of most public and private breeding programs. Ripe fruit at a uniform stage of maturity were evaluated for ANC concentration and profile in 2 consecutive years (2010 and 2011) from all plants. Total ANC ranged from 189 to 464, 74 to 421, and 227 to 537 mg/100 g (frozen fruit) in the commercial cultivars, breeding selections, and breeding populations, respectively. Significant increases in total ANC were observed among material that represents an expanded gene pool in southern highbush blueberry (introgression from V. angustifolium Ait., V. elliottii Chap., V. myrsinites Lam., V. pallidum Ait., V. tenellum Ait., V. fuscatum Ait., V. constablaei Gray, and V. arboreum Mar.). Differences in acylation and glycosylation patterns were also observed in the same material, which may condition relative stability, absorption, and bioavailability of ANC. Results suggest that the expansion of the gene base through interspecific hybridization can have both a positive and negative impact on ANC accumulation and that breeders need to be aware of these issues early in the breeding program.
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Iezzoni, Amy F., and Colleen A. Mulinix. "Yield Components among Sour Cherry Seedlings." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 3 (May 1992): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.3.380.
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Yield components were measured from 115 sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) hybrid seedlings from 13 full-sib families to investigate the potential of breeding for increased yield. Those families with the highest number of fruit and reproductive buds had the highest yields. In general, increased fruit size was not able to compensate for low fruit count. Fruit set and flower count per bud were inversely related, suggesting compensation between these two components. Yield components from six selections chosen for differing fruiting habits were measured for an additional 2 years. In year 1, those selections with a majority of their fruit on l-year-old wood had higher yield efficiencies (yield per branch cross-sectional area) than those with fruit on spurs; however, but year 3, the higher-yielding selections were those that fruited primarily on spurs. The data are discussed relative to selecting for yield in a sour cherry breeding program.
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Caro-Petrovic, Violeta, Dragana Ruzic-Muslic, Nevena Maksimovic, Bogdan Cekic, Ivan Cosic, Marina Selionova, and Milan Petrovic. "Some aspects of DNA analysis in the selection of small ruminants." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 37, no. 3 (2021): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2103161c.
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DNA analysis can have great practical application in the management and successful operation of the farm. The application of DNA technology is becoming a tremendous challenge for farm breeding of domestic animals. In recent years, traditional selection methods have been supplement by the results of molecular analysis of the genome. Determining the genetic distance of sheep and goat breeds had practical and multiple significance. Microsatellites are used widely in the selection, and genomic selection is becoming an increasing challenge for breeders. The development of SNP chips brings an immense advanced for rapid and comprehensive analysis of the genome, which is of great importance for the successful selection and Genomic selection in sheep concentrated on all aspects of genetic and production directions. However, it should be noted that genomic selections in sheep breeding, and especially in goat breeding, take place at a slower pace compared to cattle breeding.
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Iliescu, Lavinia Mihaela, Vlad Ioan Popa, Nirmal Kumar Meena, and Florin Stănică. "ROMANIAN KIWIFRUIT BREEDING PROGRAM - PRELIMINARY STUDY OF FIFTEEN MALE HYBRIDS FOR SELECTION AS POLLINATORS." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 11, no. 21 (July 31, 2022): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i21.031.
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Kiwi is a new fruit that can be grown in Romania. A common Italian-Romanian kiwifruit breeding program was initiated in 1993. For pollinator (male) kiwi plants, breeding programs involve the selection of elite plants with long flowering period and high pollen germination rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pollen grains from fifteen Romanian kiwifruit hybrids for identifying the most suitable pollinators for kiwi female selections released from our breeding program. The fresh pollen grains were collected during pollination period (2018-2020), in Petri dishes, maintained at room temperature for 12 hours, and then placed in 15% sucrose solution for germination. At different time interval: 4, 8, 12 and respectively, 24 hours, several measurements were done. Four genotypes – R0P3, R0P6, R2P8 and R3P9, which recorded over 90% germinability after 24 hours, have been selected for further field tests, including artificial pollination and compatibility tests with the kiwi female selections.
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Maynard, Rebekah C. I., and John M. Ruter. "Improved Floral Characteristics of Salvia coccinea through Intraspecific Hybridization." HortScience 57, no. 9 (September 2022): 1048–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16629-22.
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Salvia is the largest genus in the Lamiaceae with more than 1000 species. The species S. coccinea used in this study has naturalized in the southeastern United States and is an important plant for pollinators. This project aimed to improve phenotypic characteristics of S. coccinea for use in the landscape by selecting for increased petal size and unique petal color. Two elite accessions were selected for hybridization using the pedigree method. One selection displayed compact habit with bicolored coral and white flowers, while the other was slightly larger with solid red flowers. Selections were made based on improved flower color and larger petal size. The breeding program achieved a 25% increase in petal width and a more vivid petal color for the coral bicolored selections. Additionally, a 60% increase in petal width was achieved for red flowers. These novel selections are attractive plants for the landscape, displaying improved ornamental value and supporting local pollinator populations.
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Williams, Claire G., and J. L. Hamrick. "Elite populations for conifer breeding and gene conservation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-051.
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Elite populations managed for short-term gain have received increasing attention as advanced-generation breeding strategies have taken shape for forest tree species. They are prevalent for two reasons: (1) their short-term gains provide justification for the rising costs of recurrent forest tree breeding and (2) the advent of control-pollinated seed production has reduced the requirement for a large number of unrelated selections. This paper addresses the concept of an elite population, its potential for compressed generation intervals, its predicted long-term selection response, as well as the concomitant risks of severe inbreeding depression and loss of genetic diversity.
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Tate, Trent M., Stacy A. Bonos, and William A. Meyer. "Breeding and Evaluation of Fine Fescues for Increased Tolerance to Mesotrione Herbicide." HortTechnology 31, no. 3 (June 2021): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04772-20.
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Fine fescues (Festuca sp.) are a group of species that require fewer inputs, such as fertilizer, than other cool-season species managed for turf. They are adapted to infertile, acidic soils; shade; and drought. One area that poses additional challenges is the lack of weed control options for fine fescues during establishment from seed. Mesotrione is a herbicide that provides preemergence control of many broadleaf and grassy weeds, such as annual bluegrass (Poa annua), but is currently not labeled for use in fine fescues at seeding. The objectives of this research were 1) to use a recurrent selection technique to develop mesotrione-tolerant chewings fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. commutata), hard fescue (Festuca brevipila), and strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra spp. rubra); and 2) to conduct field trials to compare the new selections to commercially available cultivars and experimental lines not selected for tolerance to mesotrione. Progress was made after each of the three generations of recurrent selection. The top statistical grouping of entries for injury following application of mesotrione at the 8-oz/acre rate included all the third-generation (G3) hard fescues, all the G3 chewings fescues, and the G3 strong creeping red fescue STB1 Composite. After three generations, selections of hard, chewings, and strong creeping red fescues had equivalent or better tolerance to mesotrione than tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) cultivars, which are on the label for safe use at seeding. These new selections would provide turf managers an option to control weeds using mesotrione during seedling establishment of fine fescues.
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Khanizadeh, S., Y. Groleau, J. R. DeEll, J. Cousineau, R. Granger, and G. Rousselle. "081 New Hardy Apple Selections from the Québec Apple Breeding Program." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 402D—402. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.402d.
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The objectives of the Québec apple breeding program are to develop hardy and disease-resistant varieties for the production of juice and cider and/or varieties with an excellent fruit quality and long shelf-life. Almost 90% of the research in apple breeding is funded by a Partnership Program, in which the partners cover ≈50% of the research costs. The short-term objectives of the program are to evaluate the existing genotypes at the AAFC Frelighsburg sub-station and name worthy selections, remove unworthy material, and transfer potentially interesting genotypes to other AAFC research stations for further evaluations. Three selections—SJC7713-1, SJC686-1, and O-5410—are very hardy, scab-resistant, and have good yields of pleasantly flavored fruit, which can be stored long-term while retaining good quality. Selections SJCA14R3A108 and SJCA36R7A87 are not scab-resistant, but they are hardy, and the fruit have an excellent flavor, store very well for >5 months, and have a flesh that does not darken after cutting. The above selections are currently being evaluated for use by commercial growers. Selections SJC7172-1 and SJC7911-1, along with four crabapple genotypes, are of potential interest to home gardeners.
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Василенко, А. О., І. М. Безуглий, Л. М. Шевченко, А. М. Штельма, and А. В. Глянцев. "Peculiarities of pea breeding upon selections in primary nurseries." Plant Breeding and Seed Production, no. 115 (July 8, 2019): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2019.172655.
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Barbosa, W., R. F. A. Veiga, C. V. Pommer, R. Pio, and E. A. Chagas. "ASIAN PEAR BREEDING IN BRAZIL: CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW SELECTIONS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 800 (October 2008): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.800.64.
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Bellini, E., E. Picardi, I. Sabbatini, and G. Giannelli. "NEW BREEDING SELECTIONS OF LATE RIPENING YELLOW FLESH NECTARINES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 315 (September 1992): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.315.4.
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Audergon, J. M., A. Blanc, F. Gilles, B. Gouble, M. Grotte, M. Reich, S. Bureau, et al. "NEW RECENT SELECTIONS ISSUED FROM INRA'S APRICOT BREEDING PROGRAM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 814 (March 2009): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.814.30.
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Hampson, C. R., H. A. Quamme, and J. W. Hall. "USING SENSORY EVALUATION PANELS TO SCREEN APPLE BREEDING SELECTIONS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 538 (October 2000): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.538.33.
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J.M. Audergon, A. Blanc, F. Gilles, J.M. Broquaire, G. Clauzel, B. Gouble, M. Grotte, M. Reich, S. Bureau, and C. Pitiot. "NEW RECENT SELECTIONS ISSUED FROM INRA'S APRICOT BREEDING PROGRAMME." Acta Horticulturae, no. 862 (May 2010): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.862.27.
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Meuwissen, T. H. E. "A deterministic model for the optimization of dairy cattle breeding based on BLUP breeding value estimates." Animal Science 49, no. 2 (October 1989): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100032311.
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ABSTRACTA deterministic model was developed to examine the optimization of open nucleus breeding schemes in order to maximize the rate of genetic response in dairy cattle. By changing the parameters, the model was able to simulate both a closed nucleus and a progeny testing scheme. The model implicitly optimized the generation interval and the selection across tiers by means of truncation across age classes and tiers respectively. The effects of size of the progeny test group and the nucleus size were assessed by comparing alternative plans. It is possible to optimize a breeding plan given the reproduction rates of the animals, the availability of different sources of information, the age distribution of the animals (survival rates) and the phenotypic and genetic parameters of the trait.The steady state selection response was assessed by calculating the genetic progress year after year until it stabilized. The genetic gain was corrected for the effects of reduced variances due to previous selections and increased variances due to genetic differences between parental age classes.In an example, the model was used to predict the improvement in milk yield in a closed artificial insemination breeding scheme. The genetic gain of a conventional progeny testing scheme was about one-third lower than the genetic gain of the optimized breeding plan. The variance reduction due to selection decreased the steady state genetic gain by a factor 0·3
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Hernandez, Christopher O., Lindsay E. Wyatt, and Michael R. Mazourek. "Genomic Prediction and Selection for Fruit Traits in Winter Squash." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 10 (August 19, 2020): 3601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401215.
Full textAbstract:
Improving fruit quality is an important but challenging breeding goal in winter squash. Squash breeding in general is resource-intensive, especially in terms of space, and the biology of squash makes it difficult to practice selection on both parents. These restrictions translate to smaller breeding populations and limited use of greenhouse generations, which in turn, limit genetic gain per breeding cycle and increases cycle length. Genomic selection is a promising technology for improving breeding efficiency; yet, few studies have explored its use in horticultural crops. We present results demonstrating the predictive ability of whole-genome models for fruit quality traits. Predictive abilities for quality traits were low to moderate, but sufficient for implementation. To test the use of genomic selection for improving fruit quality, we conducted three rounds of genomic recurrent selection in a butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) population. Selections were based on a fruit quality index derived from a multi-trait genomic selection model. Remnant seed from selected populations was used to assess realized gain from selection. Analysis revealed significant improvement in fruit quality index value and changes in correlated traits. This study is one of the first empirical studies to evaluate gain from a multi-trait genomic selection model in a resource-limited horticultural crop.
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DORIC, DuÅ¡ica, Vladislav OGNJANOV, Mirjana LJUBOJEVIC, Goran BARAC, Jovana DULIC, Ankica PRANJIC, and Krunoslav DUGALIC. "Rapid Propagation of Sweet and Sour Cherry Rootstocks." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 42, no. 2 (December 2, 2014): 488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4229671.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents a protocol for micropropagation of Prunus sp. rootstocks included in the sweet and sour cherry breeding program. Germplasm diversity for rootstock breeding derives from natural populations, where conditions and biological vectors for systematic infection with viral diseases are constantly present. The establishment of aseptic culture depends primarily on the explant type, as all selections were collected from natural habitat. For nearly all investigated selections, dormant buds were the favored source, due to enabling rosette initiation in more than 58% cases. In P. cerasus L. selections, 100% contamination was noted when shoot tips were used as an explant source. Significant influence of the double-phase medium on the number and height of multiplied shoots was observed in the standard cherry rootstock, ‘Gisela 6’. For P. fruticosa Pall., selection ‘SV1’ and ‘SV2’, and P. cerasus ‘D6’ selection, the double-phase medium also had a significant effect on the height of multiplied shoots, when compared to solid DKW (Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut) medium. Genetic variability of selections within the investigated species resulted in variable plant rooting success. Adding Fe-EDDHA (Ethylenediamine di-2-hydroxy-phenyl acetate ferric) in the 200 mg l-1 concentration to the rooting medium significantly enhanced the percentage of rooted plants. The highest rooting percentage was noted for ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘D6’ genotype at 1 mgl-1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), while 0.8 mgl-1 was the optimum concentration for P. mahaleb L. ‘M1’ selection. P. fruticosa genotypes required significantly higher IBA concentration for rooting (2.5 and 3.5 mg l-1).