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Journal articles on the topic 'Breeding and selection'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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1

Herrendörfer, G., and A. Tuchscherer. "Selection and breeding." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 54, no. 3 (September 1996): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3758(95)00175-1.

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2

Aktuğ Tahtaci, S., S. Arpaci, H. Gözel, H. C. Bilim, H. S. Atli, and H. Tekin. "BREEDING SELECTION ON PISTACHIO." Acta Horticulturae, no. 912 (November 2011): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.912.64.

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3

Curnow, R. N., K. M. Louwes, H. A. J. M. Toussaint, and L. M. W. Dellaert. "Parental Line Breeding and Selection in Potato Breeding." Biometrics 46, no. 3 (September 1990): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532118.

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4

Shelbourne, C. J. A. "Maintaining genetic variation in breeding populations of Radiata pine in New Zealand." Silvae Genetica 68, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-0002.

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Abstract Advanced generation selection (AS) for the future breeding population (BP), becam a focus of tree breeders‘ thinking in the mid 1970s., particularly with Pinus radiata in New Zealand (NZ). Multitrait selection among families was generally recommen­ded, but this reduced genetic variation in the future breeding population. From Shaw and Hood‘s (1985) stochastic simulation, later confirmed by Rosvall, Lindgren and Mullin‘s (1998) stochastic simulation on Norway spruce, it was realised that selecting within families rather than among families of a new breeding population avoided any reduction of genetic variation in the BP. Heritabilities were low for seedling within-family selection but clonal replication within families should strongly increase heritabilities. Gains from cloned versus seedling populations of equal numbers of plants were also deterministically simulated (Shelbourne et al. 2007), and balanced (within-family) selec­tion gains from the cloned populations were all higher than seedling equivalents at heritabilities of 0.5 and under. The late P.A. Jefferson‘s (2016) Breeding Management Plan (which will be soon superceded) contains a re description of New Zealand (NZ) radiata pine breeding. Selections were made in crosses from the earlier program and OP see and scion mate­rial were collected from all 360 selections. OP family tests of selections have been planted at 11 sites in NZ and 7 in New South Wales and Tasmania, and scions of their female parents have all been grafted at an archive. Crosses made in the archive are being cloned and the programme was committed to within-family selection to retain genetic variance for the future closed breeding population. Clonally-replicated testing paired with within-family selection is the solution for balancing long-term gain and diversity in BP and PP.
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5

El-KASSABY, YOUSRY A., and MILAN LSTIBŮREK. "Breeding without breeding." Genetics Research 91, no. 2 (April 2009): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001667230900007x.

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SummaryAn innovative approach to tree breeding called ‘breeding without breeding’ (BWB) is presented. The method, as applied on the material in hand, allows the capture of 75–85% of the genetic response to selection attained through conventional programmes without the need to do any controlled pollination and simplified or possibly no experimental field testing: both considered to be the most resource-demanding activities in breeding programmes. BWB combines the use of genotypic or phenotypic pre-selection of superior individuals, informative DNA markers for fingerprinting and pedigree reconstruction of offspring to assemble naturally created full- and half-sib families resulting from mating among selected parents, and quantitative genetics analyses to identify elite genotypes for further genetic improvement or the establishment of production populations. BWB utility is demonstrated using a retrospective study of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) progeny tests consisting of offspring produced from 150 controlled crosses among 60 parents and established over three sites. The empirical results are supported by theoretical expectations demonstrating anticipated minimum genetic response compared with conventional approaches. The method's simplicity offers an exceptional opportunity for the development of comparable breeding efforts in developing countries, advanced and new breeding programmes, and economically important and ‘minor’ species.
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6

Li, H., and D. Lindgren. "Comparison of Phenotype and Combined Index Selection at Optimal Breeding Population Size Considering Gain and Gene Diversity." Silvae Genetica 55, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2006): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2006-0003.

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Abstract A breeding program was simulated in this study. Two alternative ways of selecting the breeding population for the following generation was compared. Phenotypic selection, which means to select just on the individual performance, and combined index selection, which means selection on predicted breeding value for each individual obtained by weighting family average and individual phenotype, were compared. The plant number (testing resource) and gene diversity (status number, Ns) were kept constant, but the breeding population size was variable and chosen for maximizing gain for the particular breeding scenario. At low and medium heritability phenotypic selection was inferior to combined index selection. Only when heritability was high phenotypic selection was as efficient (generation 1) as or more efficient (generation 5) than combined index selection. This contrasts to earlier studies done under constant breeding population size, where selection methods appeared similar. The advantage in gain of combined index selection is usually at a larger breeding population size. At limited heritability and breeding population size the difference is considerable. When breeding population size was kept rather small (<100), and the heritability limited, combined index selection can result in slightly higher gain than phenotypic selection at the same gene diversity, but this was at the cost of a much larger breeding population. Phenotypic selection and combined index selection appears as rather similar for many cases in this simple model used in this study. Considering other advantages with phenotypic selection, it may often be regarded as a competitive alternative.
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7

NOVIKOV, A. A., E. N. SUSLINA, D. G. SHICHKIN, M. G. DUNINA, N. V. BASHMAKOVA, and G. S. AKSANYAN. "THE CURRENT STATE OF SELECTION AND BREEDING WORK IN SELECTION-GENETIC AND SELECTION-HYBRID CENTERS." PIG-BREEDING, no. 3 (2021): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37925/0039-713x-2021-3-9-11.

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An analysis of the state of breeding work in pig-breeding was carried out. The characteristics of the existing organizational structure of pig breeding in the Russian Federation are given, its shortcomings are shown taking into account the zoning of the location of selection and genetic centers. Technological disadvantages of operation of selection-genetic and selection-hybrid centers have been revealed.
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8

Gizaw, S., T. Getachew, M. Tibbo, A. Haile, and T. Dessie. "Congruence between selection on breeding values and farmers’ selection criteria in sheep breeding under conventional nucleus breeding schemes." Animal 5, no. 7 (2011): 995–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731111000024.

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9

Šafus, P., J. Přibyl, Z. Veselá, L. Vostrý, M. Štípková, and L. Stádník. "Selection indexes for bulls of beef cattle." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 7 (December 5, 2011): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3941-cjas.

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Three selection indexes were constructed for bulls of beef cattle: IM for terminal crossing (in dairy herds), IZ for the selection of foundation sires for beef herd and IS for the selection of bulls for beef herd. Each index was constructed in five variants that differed in the number of used traits from the most important ones to all traits with known breeding values. The sources of information were breeding values routinely calculated in performance testing &ndash; 10 breeding values for direct and maternal effects for easy calving and growth, breeding value for daily gain of bulls at performance-testing stations and 10 breeding values for the type traits of young animals. The reliability of partial breeding values that enter into the indexes ranged from 11% to 36%. Reliability influences subsequent accuracy of index selection for total genotype that is in the range of 30% to 46%. The discounting of economic values (0% or 10%) did not influence the selection indexes significantly. Index selection was expressed almost exclusively in genetic gain of direct effects while maternal effects were of only small importance in the breeding objective. Direct effects for daily gain until weaning and after weaning are of the highest importance in the breeding objective, accounting for 90% to 96% of the total selection effect. The most important information sources in selection indexes are direct effect of weaning weight (importance of approximately 74% to 95%) and maternal effect of weaning weight (importance of approximately 5% to 7%). The inclusion of daily gain of bulls at performance-testing stations with the importance of about 16% in the index decreased the importance of weaning weight. Selection can be aimed at these main traits &ndash; calving ease (direct and maternal effect) and weight at 210 days (direct and maternal effect) only because the importance of the other traits in the index is very low. &nbsp;
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10

KITCH, L. W., O. BOUKAR, C. ENDONDO, and L. L. MURDOCK. "FARMER ACCEPTABILITY CRITERIA IN BREEDING COWPEA." Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 4 (October 1998): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479798004049.

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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) farmers from diverse geographical areas in northern Cameroon selected breeding lines from on-station trials for their own fields and explained their reasons (criteria) for making the selections. The average selection intensity employed by farmers varied from 6 to 17% and was similar to that employed by plant breeders. Their selection criteria fell into three broad categories relating to yield, preference and quality, and labour, which were very consistent over years, locations and gender. Selection criteria were strongly influenced by market preferences, reflecting the increasing role of cowpea as a cash crop. Implications of these findings for breeding strategies and genetic resource conservation are discussed.
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11

Ferguson, A. R. "KIWIFRUIT CULTIVARS: BREEDING AND SELECTION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 498 (August 1999): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1999.498.4.

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12

САКСА, Е. И. "SELECTION CRITERIA FOR BREEDING BULLS." Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo, no. 7() (December 9, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33943/mms.2020.92.12.003.

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Представленные в статье данные, основанные на результатах оценки племенных качеств голштинских быков в стране происхождения (США) и в хозяйствах Ленинградской области, дают основания считать, что наиболее эффективным критерием отбора быков, выведенных как путем внутрилинейного подбора, так и кросса линий является их племенная ценность по удою. Использование молодых быков со средней геномной оценкой по удою (GEBV) в стране происхождения (США) +73 кг и +375 кг молока привело к снижению удоя в хозяйствах Ленинградской области на -213 и -111 кг молока, соответственно, по результатам оценки быков методом «дочери–сверстницы». Наиболее высокая эффективность достигнута при использовании производителей со средней геномной оценкой (GEBV) по удою +760 кг молока, в условиях ферм США их оценка по качеству потомства составила +422 кг молока (BLUP AM), в хозяйствах Ленинградской области — +201 кг молока (метод «дочери–сверстницы»). Коэффициент корреляции оценок племенной ценности быков по геному в США и по качеству потомства в хозяйствах Ленинградской области составил по удою 0,514, по содержанию жира 0,584 и белка в молоке — 0,679.. При отсутствии системы, позволяющей производить пересчет данных оценки племенных качеств быков зарубежных стран, товаропроизводителям необходимо использовать для совершенствования продуктивных качеств голштинского скота импортных производителей с геномной оценкой в стране происхождения по удою +600 кг молока и более (с положительной оценкой по экстерьерным и функциональным признакам). The data presented in the article are based on the results of assessment of the breed qualities of Holstein bulls in the country of origin (USA) and on the farms of the Leningrad region and give a reason to believe that the most effective criterion for selecting bulls bred both by intra-line selection and cross-line is their breeding value milk yield. The use of young bulls with an average genomic assessment for milk yield (GEBV) in the country of origin (USA) of +73 kg and +375 kg of milk led to a decrease in milk yield in the farms of the Leningrad region on -213 and -111 kg of milk, respectively, according to the results of the assessment of bulls using the “daughter-herdmate” method. The highest efficiency was achieved at usage of breeders with an average genomic rating (GEBV) for milk yield of +760 kg of milk, in the conditions of US farms, their assessment for the quality of offspring amounted +422 kg of milk (BLUP AM), in farms of the Leningrad region — +201 kg of milk (“daughter-herdmate” method). The correlation coefficient of assessments of the breeding value of bulls by genome in the USA and by the quality of offspring in the farms of the Leningrad region that amounted 0.514 for milk yield, 0.584 for fat and 0.679 for protein in milk. In the absence of a system that allows to recalculate the data evaluation of breeding qualities of bulls in foreign countries, producers need to use the productive qualities of Holstein livestock of imported producers with a genomic evaluation in the country of origin for the milk yield + 600 kg or more (with a positive assessment for exterior and functional signs) for improvement.
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13

Robertsen, Charlotte, Rasmus Hjortshøj, and Luc Janss. "Genomic Selection in Cereal Breeding." Agronomy 9, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020095.

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Genomic Selection (GS) is a method in plant breeding to predict the genetic value of untested lines based on genome-wide marker data. The method has been widely explored with simulated data and also in real plant breeding programs. However, the optimal strategy and stage for implementation of GS in a plant-breeding program is still uncertain. The accuracy of GS has proven to be affected by the data used in the GS model, including size of the training population, relationships between individuals, marker density, and use of pedigree information. GS is commonly used to predict the additive genetic value of a line, whereas non-additive genetics are often disregarded. In this review, we provide a background knowledge on genomic prediction models used for GS and a view on important considerations concerning data used in these models. We compare within- and across-breeding cycle strategies for implementation of GS in cereal breeding and possibilities for using GS to select untested lines as parents. We further discuss the difference of estimating additive and non-additive genetic values and its usefulness to either select new parents, or new candidate varieties.
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14

Gregić, Maja, Dragan Dokić, Tina Bobić, and Vesna Gantner. "Genomic Selection in Horse Breeding." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 20, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1902107g.

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The aim of this paper was to present the general aspects of genomic selection in horse breeding and also to provide an overview of existing applications in horses breeding, with particular emphasis on the challenges of implementation and long-term use. Based on conducted review, it could be concluded that breeding organizations must convince horse breeders that genomic selection can be a valuable tool to increase selection success either in sports or in other horse breeding. Genomic selection (GS) allows breeders to evaluate the important traits of offspring even before its birth. GS uses genetic markers to test all relevant traits, including those that are currently very difficult to measure, such as disease resistance, meat quality, horse’s crest height, etc. Finally, to establish the relevant genomic selection in individual breeds or breeding types of horses, it is necessary to create a network of collaboration between breeding associations in order to gather all necessary data.
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15

Kellerhals, M., M. Spuhler, B. Duffy, A. Patocchi, and J. E. Frey. "SELECTION EFFICIENCY IN APPLE BREEDING." Acta Horticulturae, no. 814 (March 2009): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.814.22.

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16

Gradziel, T. M., and J. Fresnedo-Ramírez. "Epigenetic selection in almond breeding." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1219 (October 2018): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1219.3.

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17

Granate, M. J., M. A. N. Sediyama, L. R. Oliveira, C. D. Cruz, and M. Puiatti. "Clonal selection in arracacha breeding." Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2004): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.v04n01a17.

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18

McCouch, Susan. "Diversifying Selection in Plant Breeding." PLoS Biology 2, no. 10 (October 12, 2004): e347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020347.

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19

Zhao, Yusheng, Michael F. Mette, and Jochen C. Reif. "Genomic selection in hybrid breeding." Plant Breeding 134, no. 1 (November 28, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12231.

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20

Bedö, Zoltán. "Selection methods in plant breeding." Plant Science 113, no. 1 (January 1996): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(96)90002-3.

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21

Bradshaw, John E. "Selection methods in plant breeding." Trends in Plant Science 1, no. 6 (June 1996): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1360-1385(96)89381-2.

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22

Simmonds, N. W. "Family selection in plant breeding." Euphytica 90, no. 2 (1996): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00023859.

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23

Mamadzhanov, Davlet, and Sovet Kenzhebaev. "Walnut diversity and breeding in Kyrgyzstan." BIO Web of Conferences 25 (2020): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202502009.

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The article provides information about the form diversity and selection of walnuts in the natural walnut forests of Kyrgyzstan. In walnutfruit forests, there is a wide variety of forms of walnut and other wild fruit species. The species and intraspecific diversity of wild fruit trees and shrubs allows selecting the best forms for creating highly productive plantations in various forest conditions in order to obtain high yields of nuts and other fruits. Methods of selection and criteria for selecting the best forms of walnuts are described.
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24

Bisognin, Dilson Antônio. "Breeding vegetatively propagated horticultural crops." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11, spe (June 2011): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332011000500006.

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Horticulture is an important part of agriculture with many important crops being vegetatively propagated. The objectives of this work were to discuss some of the most important characteristics of vegetatively propagated crops and the breeding strategies to develop and propagate new cultivars. Vegetative propagation enables to fix favorable combinations of important traits, very specific chemical compositions, superior genetic variance interactions and high levels of heterozygosity. Breeding new cultivars involve few possibilities of genetic recombination by sexual reproduction and many generations of selection and vegetative propagation. Marker assisted selection should be useful for genotyping and selecting complementary parents for crossing and for identifying superior genotypes at early stages of selection. The tissue culture technique enables to get disease free stock plants and to maximize its multiplication rate, having an important role in yield and quality of these crops.
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25

Vanavermaete, David, Jan Fostier, Steven Maenhout, and Bernard De Baets. "Preservation of Genetic Variation in a Breeding Population for Long-Term Genetic Gain." G3&#58; Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 8 (June 8, 2020): 2753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401354.

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Genomic selection has been successfully implemented in plant and animal breeding. The transition of parental selection based on phenotypic characteristics to genomic selection (GS) has reduced breeding time and cost while accelerating the rate of genetic progression. Although breeding methods have been adapted to include genomic selection, parental selection often involves truncation selection, selecting the individuals with the highest genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) in the hope that favorable properties will be passed to their offspring. This ensures genetic progression and delivers offspring with high genetic values. However, several favorable quantitative trait loci (QTL) alleles risk being eliminated from the breeding population during breeding. We show that this could reduce the mean genetic value that the breeding population could reach in the long term with up to 40%. In this paper, by means of a simulation study, we propose a new method for parental mating that is able to preserve the genetic variation in the breeding population, preventing premature convergence of the genetic values to a local optimum, thus maximizing the genetic values in the long term. We do not only prevent the fixation of several unfavorable QTL alleles, but also demonstrate that the genetic values can be increased by up to 15 percentage points compared with truncation selection.
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26

Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste, Amélie Lescroël, David Pinaud, Philip N. Trathan, and Charles-André Bost. "Larger foraging range but similar habitat selection in non-breeding versus breeding sub-Antarctic penguins." Antarctic Science 23, no. 2 (January 5, 2011): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102010000957.

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AbstractFor land-breeding marine organisms such as seabirds, knowledge about their habitat use has mainly been gained through studies of breeding individuals that are constrained to return frequently to their breeding grounds. In this study we set out to measure whether: a) habitat selection in the non-breeding period predicts habitat selection in the breeding period, and b) whether breeding individuals concentrated their activity on the closest suitable habitats. MacaroniEudyptes chrysolophusand gentooPygoscelis papuapenguins, two marine predators with contrasting foraging strategies, were tracked from the Iles Kerguelen and their habitat selection investigated through Mahalanobis distances factorial analysis. This study presents the first data about gentoo penguins’ juvenile dispersal. For both species, results showed 6.9 times larger maximum ranges and up to 12.2 times greater distances travelled during the non-breeding period. Habitat suitability maps suggested both species made similar environmental selections whatever the period. Macaroni penguins targeted pelagic areas beyond the shelf break while gentoo penguins always remained over the shelf. We consider the ecological significance of larger scale movements made outside the breeding period and suggest that this non-breeding period is of particular interest when attempting to understand an animal's habitat selection.
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27

Norton, J. D., Hongwen Huang, and Fenny Dane. "Breeding and Improvement of Chinese Chestnut." HortScience 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 600f—600. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.600f.

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The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) is a valuable germplasm resource for horticultural traits such as resistance to chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), excellent quality, wide adaptation, and consistent high yield. The Chinese chestnut breeding program was established at Auburn Univ. in 1933 from nuts directly introduced from China by the USDA. A recurrent selection breeding program with progeny from the 1933, 1953, and 1991 plantings with selection for blight resistance, precocity, nut size, and storage quality, yield, and pest resistance. Cultivars released from the 1933 planting were `Alaling,' `Alamore', and `Black Beauty'. `AU-Cropper', `AU-Leader', and `AU-Homestead' were named from the 1953 planting. Two blight-resistant, precocious seedlings, AU-91-P1-26 and AU-P4-26, appear to be very promising selections for improvement of all Chinese chestnut cultivars for nut size and other selection traits. Since there is little information available regarding heritability of certain traits in perennial tree species, results of 65 years of breeding at Auburn Univ. should provide us with guidance for further improvement of selection traits in chestnut breeding.
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28

Leenstra, F. R., and D. A. Ehlhardt. "Breeding goals for intensive but sustainable poultry meat production." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 42, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v42i1.614.

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The effects of selecting male parent breeding stock for efficiency of feed utilization (EFU) were compared with those of selection for body weight (BW). Selection for EFU resulted in an improved feed and protein efficiency at a certain fixed body weight when compared with BW selection. Correlated effects of selection for EFU (slaughter yield, viability, parent stock fertility) were favourable. For sustainable poultry meat production, losses in the production cycle through manure, slaughter offals and mortality should be minimized. The results of experimental selection indicate that selection for EFU may be a useful tool towards decreasing losses in poultry meat production.
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Branch, W. D., and C. K. Kvien. "Peanut Breeding for Drought Resistance1." Peanut Science 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-19-1-12.

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Abstract Because drought continues to be a major limiting environmental factor in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production, a breeding strategy for developing drought resistance was initiated in the early 1980's at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station. Crosses were made between advanced breeding lines and drought resistant germplasm. Rainout shelters were used between 60 and 120 days after planting to provide mid-season drought stress so that pedigree selection could be made within early-segregating generations. Eight pure-line selections from the GA T-2465 × Tifton-8 cross combination were first evaluation in irrigated yield trials. The Georgia selection, GA 901412 now GA T-2842, had the highest pod yield in two irrigated test during 1989 and 1990, and was found to have a 25% yield advantage over Florunner under severe drought stress during 1990. In 1991, this same drought resistant selection again had the top yield over 16 other Virginia/runner type cultivars in each dryland test at two Georgia locations. Thus, progress has been made in developing adapted drought resistant Georgia breeding lines, and such a breeding approach merits consideration for developing future drought resistant candivars.
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30

Caro-Petrovic, Violeta, Dragana Ruzic-Muslic, Nevena Maksimovic, Bogdan Cekic, Ivan Cosic, Marina Selionova, and Milan Petrovic. "Some aspects of DNA analysis in the selection of small ruminants." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 37, no. 3 (2021): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2103161c.

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DNA analysis can have great practical application in the management and successful operation of the farm. The application of DNA technology is becoming a tremendous challenge for farm breeding of domestic animals. In recent years, traditional selection methods have been supplement by the results of molecular analysis of the genome. Determining the genetic distance of sheep and goat breeds had practical and multiple significance. Microsatellites are used widely in the selection, and genomic selection is becoming an increasing challenge for breeders. The development of SNP chips brings an immense advanced for rapid and comprehensive analysis of the genome, which is of great importance for the successful selection and Genomic selection in sheep concentrated on all aspects of genetic and production directions. However, it should be noted that genomic selections in sheep breeding, and especially in goat breeding, take place at a slower pace compared to cattle breeding.
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31

Dzhulamanov, К. М., E. B. Dzhulamanov, and B. S. Sapargalieva. "STUD BREEDING IN THE BEEF FARMING." Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science, no. 2 (April 11, 2018): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30850/vrsn/2018/2/49-51.

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A study to find additional reserves for expanding the breeding beef cattle base and improving methods for selecting parental pairswas carried out. The issues of technical approachwere considered to substantiate the milkingabilityaccording to the herd. It characterizes the development of calves in the suckling period and significantlydetermines the weaning weight and the possibility of selection according to this basis. The method for selection of sires of Hereford and Aberdeen-Angus breeds with forecasting of breeding value of the selected trait in the reproduced progeny is presented. The index (IBS index of bull selection) was calculatedaccording to the phenotypic characteristics of the sire's selected traitbyweaning live weight of at least 40 its offsprings (20 bulls + 20 heifers) and average milking yield of the breeding stock, their deviations in herd and from the indicator of the desired type. Studying the breeding qualities of the Hereford and Aberdeen Angus bulls made it possible to draw a conclusion about the expediency of obtaining animals in the studied herds from the sires with a selection index of not less than 106% and 105 depending on their breed and the level of productivity of the breeding stock.
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Hernandez, Christopher O., Lindsay E. Wyatt, and Michael R. Mazourek. "Genomic Prediction and Selection for Fruit Traits in Winter Squash." G3&#58; Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 10 (August 19, 2020): 3601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401215.

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Improving fruit quality is an important but challenging breeding goal in winter squash. Squash breeding in general is resource-intensive, especially in terms of space, and the biology of squash makes it difficult to practice selection on both parents. These restrictions translate to smaller breeding populations and limited use of greenhouse generations, which in turn, limit genetic gain per breeding cycle and increases cycle length. Genomic selection is a promising technology for improving breeding efficiency; yet, few studies have explored its use in horticultural crops. We present results demonstrating the predictive ability of whole-genome models for fruit quality traits. Predictive abilities for quality traits were low to moderate, but sufficient for implementation. To test the use of genomic selection for improving fruit quality, we conducted three rounds of genomic recurrent selection in a butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) population. Selections were based on a fruit quality index derived from a multi-trait genomic selection model. Remnant seed from selected populations was used to assess realized gain from selection. Analysis revealed significant improvement in fruit quality index value and changes in correlated traits. This study is one of the first empirical studies to evaluate gain from a multi-trait genomic selection model in a resource-limited horticultural crop.
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Evison, David C., and Luis A. Apiolaza. "Incorporating economic weights into radiata pine breeding selection decisions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 1 (January 2015): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0363.

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This article introduces the concept of “robust selection”, which proposes tree selection based on the stochastic simulation of economic values to account for the inherent uncertainty of economic weights used in tree selection for breeding programs. The proposed method uses both median ranking and ranking variability as criteria for breeding selection. Using consensus genetic and economic parameters from the New Zealand Radiata Pine Breeding Company program, we compare three selection strategies: deterministic application of economic weights from a vertically integrated bioeconomic model, an equal-weight index often used in operations, and robust selection. All strategies aim to increase value for a breeding objective that includes four traits, i.e., volume, stem sweep, branch size, and wood stiffness (measured as modulus of elasticity), based on a selection index that considers five criteria, i.e., stem diameter at breast height (1.3 m), straightness, branching score, wood density, and modulus of elasticity. Two-thirds of the selected trees were unique for each of the selection strategies. Robust selection achieved the best realised gain for three of the four selection criteria and was the middle performer in the last selection criteria. Considering the high intrinsic uncertainty of economic weights, we suggest that the relevant criterion for the selection of individuals is the maximum median ranking, subject to an acceptable level of variation in that ranking, rather than their narrow performance under a single economic scenario. This will lead to tree selections that perform well under a wide range of economic circumstances.
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34

Šafus, P., and J. Přibyl. "Comparison of long-term selection responses of breeding policy in dairy herds." Czech Journal of Animal Science 50, No. 10 (December 11, 2011): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4246-cjas.

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Genetic and economic responses to genetic gain were evaluated for these breeding arrangements: single use of bulls under testing; single and repeated use of proved bulls for two years and for three years (in combination with selection intensity 1%, 5% or 10% of the best bulls for the use of proved bulls); negative selection of cows in the herd &ndash; 10%, 20% or 30% of animals are discarded from reproduction and the animals are left in the herd and used for breeding by beef bulls; negative selection of first-calvers in the herd &ndash; 10%, 20% or 25% of animals are discarded for slaughter; discarding of heifers and purchase of animals with higher breeding value, and embryo transfer &ndash; a group of selected recipients accounts for 10%, 20% or 30% of the cows with lover breeding value in the dairy herds. Simulations for single use of breeding arrangements and their consequences over a fifty-year period were carried out for the above models using the gene flow method. Only minimum changes will occur since the 25<sup>th</sup> year of observation. A comparison of the particular models showed the highest gain of proved bulls selected from 1% of the best bulls whose cumulative genetic gain was 41.558 kg of milk proteins on average per cow for the whole observed period. Single use of bulls under testing in the herd resulted in the second highest cumulative genetic gain. Use of proved bulls selected with lower selection intensity (5% or 10%) had worse results. Culling of cows and discarding of first-calvers for slaughter led to lower genetic and economic contribution. The gain of embryo transfer was also lower; moreover, it is not economically advantageous for its very high costs, so it should not be used in production herds generally. High genetic and economic gain was recorded for replacement of all heifers by animals with higher breeding value from other populations. &nbsp;
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35

Kellerhals, M., L. Gianfranceschi, N. Seglias, and C. Gessler. "MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION IN APPLE BREEDING." Acta Horticulturae, no. 521 (January 2000): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.521.28.

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36

Cerenak, A., B. Javornik, J. Jakse, N. Stajner, and R. Satovic. "MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN HOP BREEDING." Acta Horticulturae, no. 668 (February 2005): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.668.3.

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37

Tkachova, I. "System of selection in horse breeding." Visnyk agrarnoi nauky 95, no. 12 (December 15, 2017): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk201712-07.

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38

Reolon-Costa, A., M. F. Grando, and V. P. Cravero. "Phenotypic recurrent selection in artichoke breeding." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1147 (November 2016): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1147.48.

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39

Yılmaz-Düzyaman, Hande, Raúl de la Rosa, and Lorenzo León. "Seedling Selection in Olive Breeding Progenies." Plants 11, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091195.

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The long juvenile period in olive (Olea europaea L.) delays the evaluation of characters of interest and prolongs the selection of new cultivars in the breeding programs. Therefore, it is important to use accurate selection criteria and appropriate selection pressure to make an effective identification of the superior genotypes and to identify which parents transmit lower juvenile periods to their descendants. In this study, the juvenile period, vigor, fruit fresh weight, and oil content of fruit on a dry weight basis were evaluated in 1568 genotypes from two independent open-pollinated populations; G07, that included 520 genotypes from 25 cultivars and 1 breeding selection and G14, with 1048 genotypes from 13 cultivars. This evaluation was used to test different selection criteria and define optimal selection pressure at the initial stage of an olive breeding program. Wide ranges of variation were obtained for all the characters measured, with higher variability within progenies than between progenies. “Askal” and “Barnea” seem to be the cultivars transmitting the shorter juvenile period to the descendants. In the case of fruit fresh weight and oil content, transgression of variability limits of the parents was observed. Significant correlation was found between mean values of fruit fresh weight of progenies and their parents for G07 (0.59) and G14 (0.95). Selection was made using two selection index formulas (SI1 and SI2). A high coincidence was found between the individuals selected by both formulas and the correspondent selection pressures applied; 15% for SI1, and 14% for SI2. A wide variability in the percentage of selected genotypes was found, from no individuals selected from some progenies to more than 20% of genotypes selected in some others. These results underline the need to explore the wide genetic variability currently hosted in germplasm collections for an optimal choice of parents in olive breeding works.
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40

Sodhi, Navjot S., and Lynn W. Oliphant. "Prey Selection by Urban-Breeding Merlins." Auk 110, no. 4 (October 1993): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4088628.

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41

Savic, Mila, Vladimir Dimitrijevic, Ruzica Trailovic, Mensur Vegara, Blagoje Dimitrijevic, Zolt Beckei, Branislav Petrujkic, and Aleksandar Cojkic. "Selection criteria in organic cattle breeding." Veterinarski glasnik 68, no. 5-6 (2014): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1406363s.

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The central issue in process of organizing organic cattle breeding is the knowledge about specificities of this kind of production, good knowledge of breed characteristics (body composition, immune tolerance, expressed predisposition towards some diseases, production properties). Research centres, in collaboration with producers, have defined the essential features on which the selection programmes in organic cattle breeding are based on. Of the greatest importance for veterinary service is the fact that selection programmes in organic cattle breeding are in the first place based on giving priority to healthy animals, with strong immune system, good reproductive characteristics, which can be in production system for a long period. Additional important selective criteria is specific body resistance and adaptability of autochtonous breeds to environmental conditions.
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Molenaar, H., R. Boehm, and H. P. Piepho. "Improving selection efficiency in ornamental breeding." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1283 (June 2020): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1283.18.

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43

Knol, Egbert F., Bjarne Nielsen, and Pieter W. Knap. "Genomic selection in commercial pig breeding." Animal Frontiers 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/af.2016-0003.

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44

Walsh, J. Bruce. "Genomic selection signatures and animal breeding." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 138, no. 1 (December 12, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12527.

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45

Foolad, Majid R., and Dilip R. Panthee. "Marker-Assisted Selection in Tomato Breeding." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 31, no. 2 (March 2012): 93–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2011.616057.

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46

Overturf, Ken. "Selection and Breeding Programs in Aquaculture." Aquaculture Research 37, no. 4 (March 2006): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01440.x.

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47

Wolc, A. "Understanding genomic selection in poultry breeding." World's Poultry Science Journal 70, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043933914000324.

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48

Richards, Richard A. "Darwin, domestic breeding and artificial selection." Endeavour 22, no. 3 (January 1998): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(98)01135-1.

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49

Rad, M. R. Naroui, H. R. Fanaei, and A. Ghalandarzehi. "Integrated Selection Criteria in Melon Breeding." International Journal of Vegetable Science 23, no. 2 (July 29, 2016): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2016.1217447.

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50

Guerin, Jenny, Graham Collins, and Margaret Sedgley. "Selection and Breeding of Olive Cultivars." Outlook on Agriculture 29, no. 4 (December 2000): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000000101293338.

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