Relevant bibliographies by topics / Breeding and selection

Academic literature on the topic 'Breeding and selection'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Breeding and selection"

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Herrendörfer, G., and A. Tuchscherer. "Selection and breeding." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 54, no. 3 (September 1996): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3758(95)00175-1.

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Aktuğ Tahtaci, S., S. Arpaci, H. Gözel, H. C. Bilim, H. S. Atli, and H. Tekin. "BREEDING SELECTION ON PISTACHIO." Acta Horticulturae, no. 912 (November 2011): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.912.64.

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Curnow, R. N., K. M. Louwes, H. A. J. M. Toussaint, and L. M. W. Dellaert. "Parental Line Breeding and Selection in Potato Breeding." Biometrics 46, no. 3 (September 1990): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532118.

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Shelbourne, C. J. A. "Maintaining genetic variation in breeding populations of Radiata pine in New Zealand." Silvae Genetica 68, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-0002.

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Abstract Advanced generation selection (AS) for the future breeding population (BP), becam a focus of tree breeders‘ thinking in the mid 1970s., particularly with Pinus radiata in New Zealand (NZ). Multitrait selection among families was generally recommen­ded, but this reduced genetic variation in the future breeding population. From Shaw and Hood‘s (1985) stochastic simulation, later confirmed by Rosvall, Lindgren and Mullin‘s (1998) stochastic simulation on Norway spruce, it was realised that selecting within families rather than among families of a new breeding population avoided any reduction of genetic variation in the BP. Heritabilities were low for seedling within-family selection but clonal replication within families should strongly increase heritabilities. Gains from cloned versus seedling populations of equal numbers of plants were also deterministically simulated (Shelbourne et al. 2007), and balanced (within-family) selec­tion gains from the cloned populations were all higher than seedling equivalents at heritabilities of 0.5 and under. The late P.A. Jefferson‘s (2016) Breeding Management Plan (which will be soon superceded) contains a re description of New Zealand (NZ) radiata pine breeding. Selections were made in crosses from the earlier program and OP see and scion mate­rial were collected from all 360 selections. OP family tests of selections have been planted at 11 sites in NZ and 7 in New South Wales and Tasmania, and scions of their female parents have all been grafted at an archive. Crosses made in the archive are being cloned and the programme was committed to within-family selection to retain genetic variance for the future closed breeding population. Clonally-replicated testing paired with within-family selection is the solution for balancing long-term gain and diversity in BP and PP.
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El-KASSABY, YOUSRY A., and MILAN LSTIBŮREK. "Breeding without breeding." Genetics Research 91, no. 2 (April 2009): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001667230900007x.

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SummaryAn innovative approach to tree breeding called ‘breeding without breeding’ (BWB) is presented. The method, as applied on the material in hand, allows the capture of 75–85% of the genetic response to selection attained through conventional programmes without the need to do any controlled pollination and simplified or possibly no experimental field testing: both considered to be the most resource-demanding activities in breeding programmes. BWB combines the use of genotypic or phenotypic pre-selection of superior individuals, informative DNA markers for fingerprinting and pedigree reconstruction of offspring to assemble naturally created full- and half-sib families resulting from mating among selected parents, and quantitative genetics analyses to identify elite genotypes for further genetic improvement or the establishment of production populations. BWB utility is demonstrated using a retrospective study of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) progeny tests consisting of offspring produced from 150 controlled crosses among 60 parents and established over three sites. The empirical results are supported by theoretical expectations demonstrating anticipated minimum genetic response compared with conventional approaches. The method's simplicity offers an exceptional opportunity for the development of comparable breeding efforts in developing countries, advanced and new breeding programmes, and economically important and ‘minor’ species.
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Li, H., and D. Lindgren. "Comparison of Phenotype and Combined Index Selection at Optimal Breeding Population Size Considering Gain and Gene Diversity." Silvae Genetica 55, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2006): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2006-0003.

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Abstract A breeding program was simulated in this study. Two alternative ways of selecting the breeding population for the following generation was compared. Phenotypic selection, which means to select just on the individual performance, and combined index selection, which means selection on predicted breeding value for each individual obtained by weighting family average and individual phenotype, were compared. The plant number (testing resource) and gene diversity (status number, Ns) were kept constant, but the breeding population size was variable and chosen for maximizing gain for the particular breeding scenario. At low and medium heritability phenotypic selection was inferior to combined index selection. Only when heritability was high phenotypic selection was as efficient (generation 1) as or more efficient (generation 5) than combined index selection. This contrasts to earlier studies done under constant breeding population size, where selection methods appeared similar. The advantage in gain of combined index selection is usually at a larger breeding population size. At limited heritability and breeding population size the difference is considerable. When breeding population size was kept rather small (<100), and the heritability limited, combined index selection can result in slightly higher gain than phenotypic selection at the same gene diversity, but this was at the cost of a much larger breeding population. Phenotypic selection and combined index selection appears as rather similar for many cases in this simple model used in this study. Considering other advantages with phenotypic selection, it may often be regarded as a competitive alternative.
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NOVIKOV, A. A., E. N. SUSLINA, D. G. SHICHKIN, M. G. DUNINA, N. V. BASHMAKOVA, and G. S. AKSANYAN. "THE CURRENT STATE OF SELECTION AND BREEDING WORK IN SELECTION-GENETIC AND SELECTION-HYBRID CENTERS." PIG-BREEDING, no. 3 (2021): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37925/0039-713x-2021-3-9-11.

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An analysis of the state of breeding work in pig-breeding was carried out. The characteristics of the existing organizational structure of pig breeding in the Russian Federation are given, its shortcomings are shown taking into account the zoning of the location of selection and genetic centers. Technological disadvantages of operation of selection-genetic and selection-hybrid centers have been revealed.
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Gizaw, S., T. Getachew, M. Tibbo, A. Haile, and T. Dessie. "Congruence between selection on breeding values and farmers’ selection criteria in sheep breeding under conventional nucleus breeding schemes." Animal 5, no. 7 (2011): 995–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731111000024.

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Šafus, P., J. Přibyl, Z. Veselá, L. Vostrý, M. Štípková, and L. Stádník. "Selection indexes for bulls of beef cattle." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 7 (December 5, 2011): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3941-cjas.

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Three selection indexes were constructed for bulls of beef cattle: IM for terminal crossing (in dairy herds), IZ for the selection of foundation sires for beef herd and IS for the selection of bulls for beef herd. Each index was constructed in five variants that differed in the number of used traits from the most important ones to all traits with known breeding values. The sources of information were breeding values routinely calculated in performance testing &ndash; 10 breeding values for direct and maternal effects for easy calving and growth, breeding value for daily gain of bulls at performance-testing stations and 10 breeding values for the type traits of young animals. The reliability of partial breeding values that enter into the indexes ranged from 11% to 36%. Reliability influences subsequent accuracy of index selection for total genotype that is in the range of 30% to 46%. The discounting of economic values (0% or 10%) did not influence the selection indexes significantly. Index selection was expressed almost exclusively in genetic gain of direct effects while maternal effects were of only small importance in the breeding objective. Direct effects for daily gain until weaning and after weaning are of the highest importance in the breeding objective, accounting for 90% to 96% of the total selection effect. The most important information sources in selection indexes are direct effect of weaning weight (importance of approximately 74% to 95%) and maternal effect of weaning weight (importance of approximately 5% to 7%). The inclusion of daily gain of bulls at performance-testing stations with the importance of about 16% in the index decreased the importance of weaning weight. Selection can be aimed at these main traits &ndash; calving ease (direct and maternal effect) and weight at 210 days (direct and maternal effect) only because the importance of the other traits in the index is very low. &nbsp;
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KITCH, L. W., O. BOUKAR, C. ENDONDO, and L. L. MURDOCK. "FARMER ACCEPTABILITY CRITERIA IN BREEDING COWPEA." Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 4 (October 1998): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479798004049.

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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) farmers from diverse geographical areas in northern Cameroon selected breeding lines from on-station trials for their own fields and explained their reasons (criteria) for making the selections. The average selection intensity employed by farmers varied from 6 to 17% and was similar to that employed by plant breeders. Their selection criteria fell into three broad categories relating to yield, preference and quality, and labour, which were very consistent over years, locations and gender. Selection criteria were strongly influenced by market preferences, reflecting the increasing role of cowpea as a cash crop. Implications of these findings for breeding strategies and genetic resource conservation are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Breeding and selection"

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Holzbauer, Regina. "Economic values and responses to selection using selection indices in swine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/MQ44183.pdf.

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Borrenpohl, Daniel. "Genomic selection can replace phenotypic selection in early generation wheat breeding." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1562957699157873.

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Borg, Randy Charles. "Developing Breeding Objectives for Targhee Sheep." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9973.

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Breeding objectives were developed for Targhee sheep at different levels of prolificacy and triplet survival. Economic weights (EW) were derived for estimated breeding values (BV) from National Sheep Improvement Program genetic evaluations for 120 d weaning weight (WW), maternal milk (MM), yearling weight (YW), fleece weight (FW), fiber diameter (FD), staple length (SL), and prolificacy (PLC; lambs born/100 ewes lambing). A commercial flock was simulated, accounting for nonlinear relationships between performance and profit. Ewes were assumed mated to sires of specified BV and profit was derived from lifetime performance of lambs and replacement females from that lamb crop. Economic weights were determined as change in profit from use of sires with BV that were one additive standard deviation above the mean for each trait [1.98 kg for WW, 1.62 kg for MM, 2.90 kg for YW, 0..36 kg for FW, 0.99 microns for FD, 0.74 cm for SL, and 17.58 lambs/100 ewes for LC], while holding all other BV at breed average. Separate breeding objectives were derived for different ways of meeting increased nutrient needs (P = purchase hay, R = rent pasture, and L= limited flock size) and for different market lamb values (D = discounting lamb value for heavy weights, ND = no discount for heavy lambs). Based on replicated simulations, relative EW did not vary with prolificacy or triplet survival (P > 0.15) but were affected by feed costs and lamb market values (P < 0.01). Selection indexes were derived within and across simulated scenarios, and correlation (r) among indexes of > 0.90 indicated that an index could be used across multiple scenarios with little loss of selection efficiency. Indexes derived within feed cost scenarios (P, R, and L) and lamb value scenarios (D, ND) were strongly intercorrelated (r > 0.97). Correlations among average indexes for feed cost scenarios (0.97 for R and P, 0.70 for R and L; 0.85 for P and L) indicated that two feed cost scenarios could be used depending on whether winter forage was limited (L) or not (NL). The correlation between average indexes for these two scenarios was 0.78. Indexes were presented for combinations of feed cost and lamb value scenarios. Two indexes were suggested, representing the scenarios that apply to a large portion of Targhee producers. These indexes were for discounting heavy lambs with limited winter forage (D-L: 1.0 WW + 0.14 MM __ 0.76 YW + 1.22 FW __ 0.36 FD - 0.09 SL + 0.25 LC) and discounting heavy lambs with additional available forage (D-NL: 1.0 WW + 0.24 MM __ 0.34 YW + 1.65 FW __ 0.41 FD - 0.14 SL + 0.33 LC). For a standardized selection differential of one for the index, the expected changes in mean index value were $2.17 and $1.92 per ewe per generation for D-L and D-NL, respectively.
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Petropoulou, Smaragdi Panagiotis. "Temperature related factors as selection criteria in apple breeding." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261813.

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Todd, Darren Lindsay. "Implementation of genomic selection in UK beef and sheep breeding." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8766.

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Genomic selection (GS) has been adopted by the dairy cattle breeding industry and the opportunity exists to implement this technology in UK beef and sheep breeding. However, these sectors do not appear so readily predisposed to GS implementation. Following an introduction to GS in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 investigated the structure of the little-studied UK beef breeding sector. This provided estimates of key commercial and pedigree population parameters, for use in modelling genetic gain from GS. Terminal traits were found to be the dominant selection goals, with 85% of beef-sired commercial matings resulting in progeny being slaughtered at a prime age. Pedigree bulls disseminated the majority of genes in the sector via natural service. The correlation between the terminal selection index (TI) and the sale price of breeding bulls was moderate, suggesting a modest uptake of genetic technology in the sector. Chapter 3 estimated selection intensity for TI, generation interval and the dissemination rate of improved genes in the pedigree Limousin population. In order to predict the genetic gain achievable in using GS in beef and sheep breeding, Chapters 4 to 6 undertook deterministic selection index simulations, incorporating genomic information as correlated traits. In Chapter 4, GS was modelled for terminal beef traits, when incorporating carcass information and accounting for likely genotype by environment interaction. Using a training population of 2000 sires, this concept was predicted to offer 40% greater genetic gain than existing BLUP selection using pedigree phenotypes. Gene flow methodology projected the commercial value of this gain to offer a substantial return net of genotyping costs. Chapter 5 explored GS for maternal beef traits within the concept of a nucleus breeding scheme. Whilst greater genetic gain was predicted with GS than with conventional BLUP, the economic value of this gain was projected to be too low to justify such a scheme in the UK. Chapter 6 proposed a synergy between computer tomography (CT) phenotypes and GS in sheep breeding. Developing a genomic predictor from male selection candidates with CT phenotypes and conventional performance records was predicted to increase genetic gain by 55% over BLUP selection without CT traits. Introducing GBV contributed most of the accuracy in this scenario, suggesting that the existing performance recording structure in UK sheep breeding could in the future be replaced by GS using CT. In the general discussion, the potential for GS in other beef and sheep traits was considered in the light of the outcomes of these simulations. Given the lack of vertical integration in UK beef and sheep sectors, the drivers for implementation of GS are examined. Finally, the options for international cooperation and the possibilities offered by future genotyping technology are considered. It was concluded that implementation of GS incorporating beef carcass phenotypes was merited and could provide a platform for future GS implementation in other novel traits. Sheep GS with CT traits was considered a higher risk strategy, due to the lack of evidence for uptake of existing EBV technology.
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Mazhar, Kehkashan. "Molecular genetic markers for selection and genome mapping in cattle." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260797.

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Firat, Mehmet Ziya. "Bayesian methods in the selection of farm animals for breeding." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14854.

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The purpose of this thesis is to implement Bayesian methods to solve theoretical and practical statistical problems in the selection of animals for breeding. The thesis is therefore mainly on the calculation of posterior distributions of variance components and functions of them, and the construction of optimum Bayesian selection methods for a single quantitative trait and multiple traits. Half-sib family structures are considered throughout, although the theory considered is more general in its application. Conventional and Bayesian methods for variance components estimation are reviewed from an animal breeding point of view, with emphasis on balanced data, but unbalanced data are also discussed. In Bayesian statistics the necessary integrations in several dimensions are usually difficult to perform by analytical means. A Gibbs sampling approach, which yields output readily translated into required inference summaries, is applied to integrations using suitable families of prior distributions. Gibbs sampling output is then used to develop appropriate graphical methods for summarising posterior distributions of genetic and phenotypic parameters, and to calculate the posterior expectations of breeding values and the expected progress using different selection procedures. The selection of farm animals for breeding is treated as a decision problem in which the utility of choosing a given number of individuals is assumed to be proportional to the sum of the corresponding breeding values. The Bayesian selection procedure in this case is contrasted with conventional procedures based on point estimates of parameters including a method based on modified parameter estimates known as bending.
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Lehtonen, Emily. "Breeding Site Selection and Breeding Success in Red-throated Divers (Gavia stellata): Implications for Wind Power Development." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ekologi och genetik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314976.

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Our alarming rate of resource exploitation and its consequences on the environment is fuelling an increase in sustainable energy production around the world. Wind power appears to be a particularly promising energy source relative to its environmental footprint, with the exception of potential negative effects of wind power on birds. Varying results from impact assessments around the world indicate that knowledge of both abiotic and biotic factors, as well as bird behavior and ecology, is required to assess the cumulative impact of any given wind farm on local bird communities. This study aims to assess the cumulative impact of a proposed wind farm on a threatened seabird, the red-throated diver (Gavia stellata), at one of its breeding "hotspots" in Sweden: the Holmöarna islands. Measurements of environmental variables in lakes on Holmöarna are combined with breeding surveys from 2012 to 2015 to assess which environmental variables may be associated with lakes that red-throated divers do or do not breed in, and which variables are correlated with breeding success. These results are combined with a literature review to assess the potential negative effects of the proposed wind farm on the breeding population on Holmöarna. The results show that average breeding success over the survey period was 0.35 fledged young per pair per year. No difference was found in environmental variables between lakes that divers had or had not bred in. Lake area/perimeter ratio and distance to the sea were significantly negatively correlated with breeding success, although distance to the sea was only significant for lakes with at least one successful breeding attempt during the survey period. Based on these correlations, 33 of a total 40 breeding lakes are shown to have relatively high area/perimeter ratios and long distances to the sea, which may pre-dispose divers breeding within them to low breeding success. These lakes are, therefore, identified as being at high-to-moderate risk of increased breeding failure if breeding success is further reduced as a result of external factors, including that of any negative impacts of the proposed wind farm. 31 of the 40 breeding lakes are also within 1 km of the proposed wind turbine sites, which may render red-throated divers breeding within them vulnerable to displacement as a result of wind farm-related disturbance. The literature review highlights the mechanisms that may determine the cumulative impact of the wind farm on red-throated divers in terms of collision mortality, habitat displacement, and barriers to movement. The strong sensitivity of red-throated divers to disturbance is considered to be the most likely driver of any negative effects of the wind farm. In this context, I thus argue the need for a precautionary approach to planning wind power developments in the vicinity of breeding red-throated diver populations.
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Brassard, Jonathan Thomas. "Phenotypic selection in Impatiens pallida and Impatiens capensis." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61934.

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Brown, Timothy P. (Timothy Phillip). "Selection indices in retrospect for dairy cattle." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59266.

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Selection differentials and selection indices in retrospect were calculated to determine the relative emphasis placed on production and type traits through bull selection. Indices in retrospect including only production traits indicated that, for Holsteins, fat yield was the trait most heavily selected for between 1978 and 1987, followed by protein percent and then milk yield. Fat percent and protein yield had negative index weights throughout the nine year period. In Ayrshires, similar weights were observed except that milk yield index weights were negative throughout the nine year period. It was found that the relative weight placed on type was small and did not affect the relative weights place on production traits. Within Holsteins, differences in bull selection when multiple services were required to successfully service a cow indicated that selection for overall size was reduced in later services. Within Ayrshires, there were no differences in any production or type trait within multiple services.
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Books on the topic "Breeding and selection"

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Bos, Izak. Selection methods in plant breeding. London: Chapman & Hall, 1995.

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Selection indices in plant breeding. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1986.

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Bos, Izak, and Peter Caligari. Selection Methods in Plant Breeding. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8432-6.

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Bos, Izak, and Peter Caligari. Selection Methods in Plant Breeding. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6370-1.

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Males, James Robert. Bull selection. Pullman: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1988.

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Flauhaus, Günter. Dwarf rabbits: Selection, care, and breeding. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H., 1985.

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Trygve, Gjedrem, and AKVAFORSK (Norway), eds. Selection and breeding programs in aquaculture. Dordrecht: Springer, 2005.

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Flauaus, Gunther. Dwarf rabbits: Selection, care and breeding. [S.l.]: Tfh, 1985.

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Gjedrem, Trygve, ed. Selection and Breeding Programs in Aquaculture. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3342-7.

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1941-, Weber Eberhard, ed. Quantitative genetics and selection in plant breeding. Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Breeding and selection"

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Unêda-Trevisoli, Sandra Helena, Fabiana Mota da Silva, and Antonio Orlando Di Mauro. "Marker-Assisted Selection and Genomic Selection." In Soybean Breeding, 275–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57433-2_14.

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Vello, Natal Antonio, and Felipe Maniero Nazato. "Recurrent Selection." In Soybean Breeding, 171–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57433-2_10.

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Bhering, Leonardo Lopes, Leonardo de Azevedo Peixoto, and Cosme Damião Cruz. "Parental Selection." In Soybean Breeding, 131–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57433-2_8.

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Arús, P., and J. Moreno-González. "Marker-assisted selection." In Plant Breeding, 314–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1524-7_20.

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Wenzel, G., and B. Foroughi-Wehr. "In vitro selection." In Plant Breeding, 353–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1524-7_22.

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Visscher, P. M., S. Van der Beek, and C. S. Haley. "Marker Assisted Selection." In Animal Breeding, 119–36. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315137483-9.

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Ottaviano, E., and M. Sari-Gorla. "Gametophytic and sporophytic selection." In Plant Breeding, 332–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1524-7_21.

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Austin, R. B. "Augmenting yield-based selection." In Plant Breeding, 391–405. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1524-7_24.

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Priyadarshan, P. M. "Selection." In PLANT BREEDING: Classical to Modern, 173–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7095-3_8.

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Bos, Izak, and Peter Caligari. "Selection." In Selection Methods in Plant Breeding, 73–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8432-6_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Breeding and selection"

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Pugacheva, I. G. "Experience of microgametophyte selection in tomato breeding." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.92.

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Timoshenko, I. V., and N. V. Geraskina. "Varieties of redis breeding Biryuchekutskaya Vegetable Breeding Experimental Station." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-63.

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Radish is of great importance as an early valuable vegetable product, especially in spring and first half of summer. Due to its high taste and nutritional qualities, radish is the most popular early crop in the world practice of vegetable growing, which is grown everywhere. One of the main methods for solving the problem of providing the population of our country with marketable products of this culture is the development of selection and seed production. The creation of new competitive varieties and hybrids will help to transfer the vegetable growing industry to a qualitatively new level of development.
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Mirskaya, Galina, N. Rushina, N. Sinyavina, A. Kochetov, and Yuriy Chesnokov. "Using insensitive PPD-D1a allele for the early forms selection of bread wheat in the initial selection stages." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.42.

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Determination the photoperiod-insensitive allele (Ppd-D1a) in wheat cultivars is necessary for use in breeding development of newly wheat cultivars. The aim of our study was to select breeding material by screening Ppd-D1 gene alleles and estimation value and the degree of heterosis in F1. Using these two methods, it is possible to select genetic material for increased breeding of new wheat lines that combine earliness and increased productivity. In this study 26 varieties of spring soft wheat were screened for the Ppd-D1 gene alleles. The Ppd-D1a allele was detected in 12 wheat varieties (ITMI 10, 29, 47, 57, 58, 59, 60, 89, 94, AFI-91, AFI-177, Opata 85), the recessive Ppd-D1b allele was detected in 14 wheat varieties (ITMI 7, 31, 32, 44, 80, 88, 83, 115, Zlata, Lisa, Agata, Lubava, W7984). Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment, parental pairs were chosen and 10 recombinants were obtained. Based on estimation value and the degree of heterosis of the main ear traits in F1, such as "ear length", "number of grains from the ear" and "weight of grains from the ear" were identified 4 crosses as initial to create wheat cultivars that combine earliness and increased productivity.
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Cantet, R. J. C., B. K. Angarita Barajas, N. S. Forneris, and S. Munilla. "286. Genomic selection for breeding values under identity disequilibrium." In World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_286.

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"Progress of breeding strategies in winter rye: from mass selection to genomic selection." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-159.

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Салтанович, Татьяна, Людмила Анточ, and А. Дончилэ. "Оценка реакции мужского гаметофита томата на действие патогенов Alternaria Spp." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.84.

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Research objective: to identify tomato genotypes resistant to Alternaria on variability and symptoms of male gametophyte on selective backgrounds with cultural filtrate of pathogens Alternaria spp. A set of gamete breeding techniques and genetic-statistical analysis were used in the experiments. Some patterns of the variability and heritability of traits in the tomato male gametophyte have been identified on media with filtrates of pathogens. The differences in the resistance of pollen to the filtrate influence were established; the differentiation and selection of genotypes for further breeding were made. These studies can be used at different stages of the selection process.
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Marinich, Mihail. "SELECTION EVALUATION OF THE SOURCE MATERIAL OF FESTUCA RUBRA L. OF THE LAWN DIRECTION." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production 26 (74). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-26-74-51-59.

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The aim of the research was to assess the breeding value of the source material of F. rubra of the lawn direction obtained under conditions of various ecotopes of the south of the Central Russian Upland with a predominance of carbonate substrate. In total, 106 numbers of red fescue of various genetic and geological-geographical origin were evaluated in the experiment: 4 varieties and 102 breeding samples. Tests of the breeding value of the collection numbers were carried out in comparison with the zoned varieties of domestic selection (‘Veselka’, ‘Gostenka’, ‘Iskrinka’) and foreign selection (‘Gondolin’). The forms of F. rubra have been identified, approaching erect in shape, having a high shoot-forming ability, pronounced antocian color of inflorescences, whitish bloom on the leaves, which increases the overall decorative effect of lawn herbage. According to a number of important traits for breeding for seed productivity, the forms selected in natural habitats with a predominance of carbonate substrate have wide limits of variation and can serve as genetic sources of individual breeding traits for obtaining new varieties of lawn management with high seed productivity and decorativeness.
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Zhang, Bo, Rouf Mian, and William Singer. "Evaluating Accelerated Selection Methods for Breeding High Methionine Soybean Varieties." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.86.

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Deshevykh, Alexey, and Svetlana Kovalchuk. "Automated system of optimal cattle selection for breeding (part 1)." In Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Digital agriculture - development strategy” (ISPC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ispc-19.2019.77.

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Kibalnik, O. P., and T. V. Larina. "STUDY OF THE SOURCE MATERIAL FOR THE SELECTION OF HIGH-SUGAR VARIETIES OF SUGAR SORGHUM." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house RGAU-MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-99.

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Currently, the development of the selection of sugar sorghum to increase the content of water-soluble sugars in the juice of the stem is relevant. The varieties and promising lines of sorghum breeding of the Institute, collectible cultivars as producers of sugars for use as a starting material for further breeding have been identified.
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Reports on the topic "Breeding and selection"

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Taliaferro, C. M. Breeding and Selection of New Switchgrass Varieties for Increased Biomass Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814564.

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Behrends, Leslie L., Gideon Hulata, J. B. Kingsley, and Giora Wohlfarth. Breeding Fast Growing Red Tilapias with Improved Cold Tolerance by Introgression and Selection. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1987.7566867.bard.

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Dunham, Rex A., Boaz Moav, Thomas Chen, and Benzion Cavari. Expression and Inheritance of Growth Hormone Gene Constructs and Selective Breeding of Transgenic Farmed Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568774.bard.

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Objectives: To accomplish stable expression, inheritance of transgenes and growth improvement in transgenic channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and common carp, Cyprinus carpio, containing growth hormone (GH) genes, develop transgenic fish with all fish constructs, determine the relationships between copy number, expression and growth, determine the combined affect of selective breeding and gene transfer and assess environmental risk of transgenic fish. To develop mechanisms of triploidization for transgenic carp. Results: Performance of transgenic channel catfish was made uniform by selection. Growth of channel catfish and common carp was improved 40-50% more by combining gene transfer of GH genes with selection and crossbreeding than with either selection of crossbreeding. Growth improvement of transgenic catfish was not strongly correlated with copy number and expression levels. Progress was made in producting triploid transgenic common carp. Insertion of salmonid GH gene did not alter reproductive performance in channel catfish. Transgenic channel catfish grew no faster than controls when they had to forage on natural food and transgenic individuals were slightly more vulnerable to predation indicating that fitness of transgenic individuals in natural conditions is less than or equal to non-transgenic channel catfish. Contribution to Agriculture: These experiments are the first to demonstrate that transgenic fish can increase aquaculture production in the aquaculture production in the aquaculture environment. This research also demonstrated that maximum benefit of gene transfer in farmed fish is attained when combined with traditional selective breeding.
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Ivanov, R. V. History of creation of megezheksky breed of horses, the current state. Selection and breeding. ООО «Информационно-консалтинговый центр», 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/konevodstvo.2019..15rus.

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Juvik, John A., Avri Bar Zur, and Torbert R. Rocheford. Breeding for Quality in Vegetable Maize Using Linked Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568764.bard.

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Recently, the vegetable corn industry has shifted from the use of traditional cultivars with the sugary1 (su1) endosperm mutation to newer hybrids homozygous for the shrunken2 (sh2) or sugary enhancer1 (se1) genes. With greater kernel sucrose content, these hybrids are preferred by consumers and retain sugar for longer post harvest periods, providing the industry with more time to marker products with superior quality. Commercialization has been hindered, however, by reduced field emergence, and the establishment of stands with heterogeneous uniformity and maturities. This investigation was conducted to identify key biochemical and physiological characteristics in sh2 and se1 maize kernels associated with improved emergence, and stand establishment; and in immature ears at fresh harvest maturity, properties associated with eating quality. The location of genes or QTL controlling these kernel characteristics and other traits were then mapped to specific chromosomal regions by their linkage to molecular markers using two segregating F2:3 populations. This database was used to compare the efficiency of marker-assisted selection of key alleles with phenotypic selection for trait improvement. A model designed to uncover and quantify digenic interaction was applied to the datasets to evaluate the role of epistasis in the inheritance of quantitative traits.
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Levy, Avraham, Clifford Weil, and Wojtek Pawlowski. Enhancing the Rate of Meiotic Crossing-Over for Plant Breeding. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696532.bard.

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Meiotic recombination contributes to the generation of biodiversity as well as to genome stability, ensuring the proper segregation of homo logs during meiosis. It is also an essential step in the process of plant breeding. It generates the diversity needed by the breeder for selection of novel varieties. In this project, we have collaborated towards the goals to identify and characterize key genes involved in meiotic recombination. In addition we have shown how some of these genes can be used, through loss of function, or through overexpression, to enhance homologous recombination in Arabidopsis and in maize. Our main achievements can be summarized as follows: 1- To establish a collection of mutants, in Arabidopsis and in maize for candidate genes. In Arabidopsis, insertion mutants were isolated in the following genes: AtMSHI, AtMSH4, AtMSH5, AtMLH3, AtPHSl, and mutants in the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex. In maize, the TILLING system was established and enabled to isolate mutants in candidate genes, such as Rad2l-4a, Sgo2, and Aml. In addition, we generated phs 1 mutant alleles as well as mutants in the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex. No mus8l mutants have been found thus far. 2- We showed that mutants in AtMLH3 have decreased rates of crossover, suggesting that overexpression of these genes may enhance crossover. Mutants in AtMSHlhad no effect and mutants in AtMSH4 and 5 showed sterility. Overexpression of these genes might also enhance crossover. The effect of other mutations on crossovers in maize is still being investigated. 3- We showed that overexpression of AtMLH1, RecG and RuvC under a meioticspecific promoter enhances meiotic crossover in Arabidopsis. The effect of PHSloverexpression on crossover is expected to be determined soon. 4- New tools have been developed and perfected to study the recombination genes effect on meiotic crossovers. This includes antibodies, cDNAs and fusion proteins.
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Weller, Joel I., Ignacy Misztal, and Micha Ron. Optimization of methodology for genomic selection of moderate and large dairy cattle populations. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594404.bard.

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The main objectives of this research was to detect the specific polymorphisms responsible for observed quantitative trait loci and develop optimal strategies for genomic evaluations and selection for moderate (Israel) and large (US) dairy cattle populations. A joint evaluation using all phenotypic, pedigree, and genomic data is the optimal strategy. The specific objectives were: 1) to apply strategies for determination of the causative polymorphisms based on the “a posteriori granddaughter design” (APGD), 2) to develop methods to derive unbiased estimates of gene effects derived from SNP chips analyses, 3) to derive optimal single-stage methods to estimate breeding values of animals based on marker, phenotypic and pedigree data, 4) to extend these methods to multi-trait genetic evaluations and 5) to evaluate the results of long-term genomic selection, as compared to traditional selection. Nearly all of these objectives were met. The major achievements were: The APGD and the modified granddaughter designs were applied to the US Holstein population, and regions harboring segregating quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for all economic traits of interest. The APGD was able to find segregating QTL for all the economic traits analyzed, and confidence intervals for QTL location ranged from ~5 to 35 million base pairs. Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for milk production traits in the Israeli Holstein population were computed by the single-step method and compared to results for the two-step method. The single-step method was extended to derive GEBV for multi-parity evaluation. Long-term analysis of genomic selection demonstrated that inclusion of pedigree data from previous generations may result in less accurate GEBV. Major conclusions are: Predictions using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) were the least biased, and that method appears to be the best tool for genomic evaluation of a small population, as it automatically accounts for parental index and allows for inclusion of female genomic information without additional steps. None of the methods applied to the Israeli Holstein population were able to derive GEBV for young bulls that were significantly better than parent averages. Thus we confirm previous studies that the main limiting factor for the accuracy of GEBV is the number of bulls with genotypes and progeny tests. Although 36 of the grandsires included in the APGD were genotyped for the BovineHDBeadChip, which includes 777,000 SNPs, we were not able to determine the causative polymorphism for any of the detected QTL. The number of valid unique markers on the BovineHDBeadChip is not sufficient for a reasonable probability to find the causative polymorphisms. Complete resequencing of the genome of approximately 50 bulls will be required, but this could not be accomplished within the framework of the current project due to funding constraints. Inclusion of pedigree data from older generations in the derivation of GEBV may result is less accurate evaluations.
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Rine, Kristin, Roger Christopherson, and Jason Ransom. Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) occurrence and habitat selection in North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293127.

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Harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) are sea ducks that migrate inland each spring to nest along fast-flowing mountain streams. They are considered one of the most imperiled duck species in North America and occur in two distinct populations on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The Pacific coast population includes Washington State, where harlequin ducks breed in the Olympic, Cascade, and Selkirk Mountains. This species is designated as a Management Priority Species by the National Park Service within North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA). This report summarizes harlequin duck surveys conducted during 15 years across a 27-year period (1990 and 2017) on major streams within NOCA, and incidental observations collected from 1968–2021. The primary objectives of these surveys were to 1) document the distribution and abundance of harlequin duck observations within NOCA boundaries, 2) describe productivity (number of broods and brood size), 3) describe breeding chronology of harlequin ducks, and 4) describe habitat characteristics of breeding streams. Sixty-eight stream surveys over 15 years resulted in observations of 623 individual harlequin ducks comprising various demographics, including single adults, pairs, and broods. In addition, we collected 184 incidental observations of harlequin ducks from visitors and staff between 1968–2021. Harlequin ducks were observed on 22 separate second- to sixth-order streams throughout NOCA across the entire 53-year span of data, both incidentally and during harlequin duck surveys by Park staff. Harlequin ducks were detected on 8 of the 13 streams that were actively surveyed. Excluding recounts, 88.7% (n = 330) of individual harlequin duck observations during surveys occurred in the Stehekin River drainage. Between all surveys and incidental observations, 135 unpaired females without broods were sighted across all NOCA waterways. Thirty-nine broods were recorded between NOCA surveys and incidental observations, with a mean brood size of 3.61 (± 1.44 SD; range = 2–10). Breeding pairs were recorded as early as April 5 and were seen on streams until June 15, a period of less than seven weeks (median: May 2), but most pairs were observed within a 3-week span, between April 26 and May 17. Single females (unpaired with a male, with (an)other female(s), or with a brood) were observed on streams between April 26 and August 25 (median: July 3), though most observations were made within a 5-week period between June 12 and July 19. Habitat data collected at adult harlequin duck observation sites indicate that the birds often used stream reaches with features that are characteristic of high-energy running water. While adults occupied all instream habitat types identified, non-braided rapids and riffles were used most frequently, followed by pools and backwaters. Larger instream substrate sizes (cobbles and boulders) were present at most observation sites. Adult harlequin ducks were more often found at locations that lacked visible drifting or lodged woody debris, but drift debris was a slightly more abundant debris type. The presence of gravel bars and at least one loafing site was common. Adult harlequin ducks were more often observed in association with vegetation that offered some cover over the channel, but not where banks were undercut. The average channel width at adult observation sites was 34.0 m (range: 6-80 m; n = 114) and 27.6 m (± 15.7 m; range: 10-60 m; n = 12) at brood observation sites. Compared to adult harlequin duck sites, broods were observed more frequently in low velocity habitat (pools, backwaters), but rarely in rapids. Cobble and boulder substrates were still the most dominant substrate type. Contrary to adult ducks, broods were observed most often observed in meandering stream channels, a morphology indicative of low gradient, low velocity stream reaches. Most broods were observed in stream reaches with gravel bars, loafing sites, and...
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Blum, Abraham, and Henry T. Nguyen. Molecular Tagging of Drought Resistance in Wheat: Osmotic Adjustment and Plant Productivity. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580672.bard.

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Drought stress is a major limitation to bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) productivity and its yield stability in arid and semi-arid regions of world including parts of Israel and the U.S. Currently, breeding for sustained yields under drought stress is totally dependent on the use of yield and several key physiological attributes as selection indices. The attempt to identify the optimal genotype by evaluating the phenotype is undermining progress in such breeding programs. Osmotic adjustment (OA) is an effective drought resistance mechanism in many crop plants. Evidence exists that there is a genetic variation for OA in wheat and that high OA capacity supports wheat yields under drought stress. The major objective of this research was to identify molecular markers (RFLPs, restriction fragment length polymorphisms; and AFLPs, amplified fragment length polymorph isms) linked to OA as a major attribute of drought resistance in wheat and thus to facilitate marker-assisted selection for drought resistance. We identified high and low OA lines of wheat and from their cross developed recombinant inbred lines (RILs) used in the molecular tagging of OA in relation to drought resistance in terms of plant production under stress. The significant positive co-segregation of OA, plant water status and yield under stress in this RIL population provided strong support for the important role of OA as a drought resistance mechanism sustaining wheat production under drought stress. This evidence was obtained in addition to the initial study of parental materials for constructing this RIL population, which also gave evidence for a strong correlation between OA and grain yield under stress. This research therefore provides conclusive evidence on the important role of OA in sustaining wheat yield under drought stress. The measurement of OA is difficult and the selection for drought resistance by the phenotypic expression of OA is practically impossible. This research provided information on the genetic basis of OA in wheat in relations to yield under stress. It provided the basic information to indicate that molecular marker assisted selection for OA in wheat is possible. The RIL population has been created by a cross between two agronomic spring wheat lines and the high OA recombinants in this population presented very high OA values, not commonly observed in wheat. These recombinants are therefore an immediate valuable genetic recourse for breeding well-adapted drought resistant wheat in Texas and Israel. We feel that this work taken as a whole eliminate the few previous speculated . doubts about the practical role of OA as an important mechanism of drought resistance in economic crop plants. As such it should open the way, in terms of both concept and the use of marker assisted selection, for improving drought resistance in wheat by deploying high osmotic adjustment.
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Malkinson, Mertyn, Irit Davidson, Moshe Kotler, and Richard L. Witter. Epidemiology of Avian Leukosis Virus-subtype J Infection in Broiler Breeder Flocks of Poultry and its Eradication from Pedigree Breeding Stock. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586459.bard.

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Objectives 1. Establish diagnostic procedures to identify tolerant carrier birds based on a) Isolation of ALV-J from blood, b) Detection of group-specific antigen in cloacal swabs and egg albumen. Application of these procedures to broiler breeder flocks with the purpose of removing virus positive birds from the breeding program. 2. Survey the AL V-J infection status of foundation lines to estimate the feasibility of the eradication program 3. Investigate virus transmission through the embryonated egg (vertical) and between chicks in the early post-hatch period (horizontal). Establish a model for limiting horizontal spread by analyzing parameters operative in the hatchery and brooder house. 4. Compare the pathogenicity of AL V-J isolates for broiler chickens. 5. Determine whether AL V-J poses a human health hazard by examining its replication in mammalian and human cells. Revisions. The: eradication objective had to be terminated in the second year following the closing down of the Poultry Breeders Union (PBU) in Israel. This meant that their foundation flocks ceased to be available for selection. Instead, the following topics were investigated: a) Comparison of commercial breeding flocks with and without myeloid leukosis (matched controls) for viremia and serum antibody levels. b) Pathogenicity of Israeli isolates for turkey poults. c) Improvement of a diagnostic ELISA kit for measuring ALV-J antibodies Background. ALV-J, a novel subgroup of the avian leukosis virus family, was first isolated in 1988 from broiler breeders presenting myeloid leukosis (ML). The extent of its spread among commercial breeding flocks was not appreciated until the disease appeared in the USA in 1994 when it affected several major breeding companies almost simultaneously. In Israel, ML was diagnosed in 1996 and was traced to grandparent flocks imported in 1994-5, and by 1997-8, ML was present in one third of the commercial breeding flocks It was then realized that ALV-J transmission was following a similar pattern to that of other exogenous ALVs but because of its unusual genetic composition, the virus was able to establish an extended tolerant state in infected birds. Although losses from ML in affected flocks were somewhat higher than normal, both immunosuppression and depressed growth rates were encountered in affected broiler flocks and affected their profitability. Conclusions. As a result of the contraction in the number of international primary broiler breeders and exchange of male and female lines among them, ALV-J contamination of broiler breeder flocks affected the broiler industry worldwide within a short time span. The Israeli national breeding company (PBU) played out this scenario and presented us with an opportunity to apply existing information to contain the virus. This BARD project, based on the Israeli experience and with the aid of the ADOL collaborative effort, has managed to offer solutions for identifying and eliminating infected birds based on exhaustive virological and serological tests. The analysis of factors that determine the efficiency of horizontal transmission of virus in the hatchery resulted in the workable solution of raising young chicks in small groups through the brooder period. These results were made available to primary breeders as a strategy for reducing viral transmission. Based on phylogenetic analysis of selected Israeli ALV-J isolates, these could be divided into two groups that reflected the countries of origin of the grandparent stock. Implications. The availability of a simple and reliable means of screening day old chicks for vertical transmission is highly desirable in countries that rely on imported breeding stock for their broiler industry. The possibility that AL V-J may be transmitted to human consumers of broiler meat was discounted experimentally.
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