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Books on the topic 'Breathlessness'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Hull, James H., and Jemma Haines, eds. Complex Breathlessness. Sheffield, United Kingdom: European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/2312508x.erm9722.

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2

Booth, Sara, Julie Burkin, Catherine Moffat, and Anna Spathis. Managing Breathlessness in Clinical Practice. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4754-1.

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3

McLaughlin, Dorry. An evaluation of a psychoeducational programme for patients with lung cancer experiencing breathlessness. (s.l: The Author), 1998.

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4

Haines, Jemma, and James H. Hull. Complex Breathlessness. European Respiratory Society, 2022.

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5

Timperley, Jonathan, and Sandeep Hothi. Acute breathlessness. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0012.

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Acute breathlessness or dyspnoea is the new onset of an unpleasant awareness of breathing, at rest or at a level of exercise, which did not previously cause symptoms. It is often associated with other symptoms—including wheeze, cough, chest pain, and palpitation—which, together with the patient’s comorbidities, help shape the differential diagnosis. Five disorders—decompensated heart failure, exacerbations of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism—account for 80% of diagnoses. In older patients, acute breathlessness often results from multiple interrelated pathologies (e.g. pneumonia on a background of COPD, triggering acute atrial fibrillation). This chapter describes the clinical approach to the patient presenting with acute breathlessness.
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6

Sprigings, David, Andrew Jeffrey, Phil Barber, and Nigel Clayton. Chronic breathlessness. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0013.

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Chronic breathlessness (dyspnoea) can be defined as an unpleasant awareness of breathing at a level of exercise which would not cause symptoms in a healthy person of the same age (or which did not previously cause symptoms), persisting for more than 1 month. Breathlessness may be accompanied by other symptoms such as chest tightness, cough, or wheeze, which together with the patient’s comorbidities and risk factors for specific diseases help shape the differential diagnosis.
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7

Haines, Jemma, and James H. Hull. Complex Breathlessness. European Respiratory Society, 2022.

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8

Corner, J. Managing Breathlessness in Cancer Care. Blackwell Pub, 2003.

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9

Burkin, Julie, Catherine Moffat, Anna Spathis, and Sara Booth. Managing Breathlessness in Clinical Practice. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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10

Managing Breathlessness In Clinical Practice. Springer London Ltd, 2013.

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11

Frsph, Johnson Mbabazi, and Mohammed Sattar Mrcgp. Experience Breathlessness in Adults 'asthma Patients'. Independently Published, 2019.

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12

Meek, Paula M. THE COGNITIVE DIMENSION OF BREATHLESSNESS (SYMPTOM APPRAISAL). 1993.

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13

Physiological and psychological correlates of breathlessness during graded exercise in asthmatic individuals. 1990.

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14

Physiological and psychological correlates of breathlessness during graded exercise in asthmatic individuals. 1990.

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15

Physiological and psychological correlates of breathlessness during graded exercise in asthmatic individuals. 1990.

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16

Physiological and psychological correlates of breathlessness during graded exercise in asthmatic individuals. 1989.

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17

Watson, Max, Caroline Lucas, Andrew Hoy, and Jo Wells. Respiratory symptoms. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234356.003.0016.

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18

Moran, Campbell E. J., Jones Norman L, Killian Kieran J, and Campbell Symposium (1991 : McMaster University), eds. Breathlessness: the Campbell Symposium, May 16-19, 1991, Master University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Hamilton, Ont: Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., 1992.

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19

Copestake, Andrew John. The influence of inspiratory muscle training upon exertional breathlessness in healthy elderly men and women. 1995.

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20

Macnaughton, Jane, and Havi Carel. Breathing and Breathlessness in Clinic and Culture: Using Critical Medical Humanities to Bridge an Epistemic Gap. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400046.003.0016.

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A central tenet of critical medical humanities is the claim that biomedicine does not hold all the keys to understanding the experience of illness, how responses to treatment are mediated, or how outcomes and prognosis are revealed over time. We further suggest that biomedicine cannot wholly explain how illness may be expressed physiologically. So much that influences that expression derives from cultural context, emotional response, and how illness is interpreted and understood that this knowledge cannot be exhausted with the tools of biomedicine.
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21

Doumouchtsis, Stergios K., S. Arulkumaran, Stergios K. Doumouchtsis, Claire Hordern, Sambit Mukhopadhyay, Aris Papageorghiou, Onnig Tamizian, and Ingrid Watt-Coote. Medical emergencies in pregnancy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651382.003.0002.

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This chapter outlines medical emergencies in pregnancy. It discusses the guidelines for resuscitation in pregnancy, abdominal pain, headache and generally feeling unwell, convulsions, chest pain and discomfort, breathlessness and difficulties in breathing, jaundice and obstetric cholestasis, and diarrhoea.
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22

Raine, Tim, James Dawson, Stephan Sanders, and Simon Eccles. Respiratory. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199683819.003.0008.

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Breathlessness and low sats emergencyBreathlessness and low satsStridor in a conscious adult patientCoughCall for senior help early if patient deteriorating.•Sit patient up•15l/min O2 in all patients if acutely unwell•Monitor pulse oximeter, BP, defibrillator’s ECG leads if unwell...
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23

Crouch, Robert, Alan Charters, Mary Dawood, and Paula Bennett, eds. Respiratory emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688869.003.0007.

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Respiratory problems are very common in emergency and urgent care settings. This chapter provides detailed guidance on how to assess a patient who presents with breathlessness. Appropriate investigations are identified, with suggested indications. The remainder of the chapter covers the nursing assessment, investigations, and initial management of a comprehensive list of respiratory problems, including injuries to the chest wall and lungs.
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24

Saunders, Catherine, Peter Burge, Morag Farquhar, Sarah Grand-Clement, Susan Guthrie, and Tom Ling. Agreement with, and feasibility of, the emerging recommendations from the Living with Breathlessness study: Findings from an online stakeholder survey. RAND Corporation, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rr1519.

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25

Banerjee, Ashis, and Clara Oliver. Respiratory emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786870.003.0010.

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Difficulty in breathing is both a common presenting complaint and a major acute presentation in the emergency department (ED). This chapter covers the common causes of breathlessness. It focuses on the management and diagnosis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in line with the British Thoracic Society guidelines, which may commonly appear as a short-answer question (SAQ). In addition, this chapter covers the pathophysiology of T2RF and its management, including the indications and contraindications for non-invasive ventilation. Another common topic examined in the SAQ paper is acid-base disturbances. This chapter includes a section on the indications and interpretation of arterial blood gas analysis.
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26

Jeffrey, Andrew. Psychology in respiratory disease, including dysfunctional breathing. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0145.

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The real burden to any sufferer of respiratory disease is shown in the human suffering of the individual. It is increasingly understood that there is a link between the psychological aspects of respiratory disease and morbidity and that patients’ attitudes to illness can affect their ways of coping and, indeed, impact upon their compliance with treatment. Breathlessness is a symptom of many psychological states, both positive and negative; indeed, it is embedded within the English language: ‘It took my breath away! I was breathless with anticipation!’ An understanding of the links between psychological factors and physical symptoms and behaviours is essential to achieve the best possible outcomes for many patients.
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27

Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Growth faltering (failure to thrive). Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0006.

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Factors influencing growth 51Pitfalls 51Management 51Growth faltering or failure to thrive (FTT) is a descriptive term implying failure not only of growth, but also impairment of other aspects of a child's well-being. It is a dynamic process involving a failure to meet expected potential, and there is no universally accepted definition. Weight crossing down two major centile lines is often taken as an indicator of need for referral to a paediatrician. In the absence both of symptoms suggesting specific organ dysfunction (e.g. vomiting, diarrhoea, breathlessness, etc.) and physical findings other than poor growth, an underlying illness is unlikely. It is important to bear in mind common factors influencing growth, such as parental size and ...
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28

Jeffrey, Andrew A. Wheeze. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0017.

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A wheeze is a high-pitched musical sound which reflects airflow obstruction. It may be monophonic or polyphonic, and may be heard during inspiration, expiration, or both phases of respiration. Stridor is the term used to describe wheeze which is louder over the neck than the chest, and may be audible without a stethoscope. Wheezing is typically associated with breathlessness, and may present as an acute or chronic problem. It is most often due to asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In stable patients, a detailed history should be taken, with particular attention to the speed of onset of wheeze; trigger factors; and history of atopy. The clinical features, measurement of peak expiratory flow, and spirometry will usually differentiate between possible diagnoses. This chapter describes the approach to the diagnosis of patients with wheeze.
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29

Vergnaud, Sophie, David Dobarro, and John Wort. Pulmonary vasculature. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199657742.003.0017.

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A 16-year-old girl with a diagnosis of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis is referred to a specialist pulmonary hypertension centre with a history of progressive breathlessness, reduced exercise tolerance, and raised pulmonary pressures on transthoracic echocardiogram. She is found to have pulmonary arterial hypertension on right cardiac catheterization and is started on sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, which stabilizes her condition. An endothelin receptor antagonist is added, which provides some initial symptomatic improvement. She continues to deteriorate over a period of 5 years, ultimately requiring intravenous prostanoids, the only treatment to provide a real symptomatic and haemodynamic improvement. This chapter explores the physiology and pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension, its classification, the means of investigation and diagnosis, who to refer to specialist centres, and the concepts behind current and future treatment strategies.
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30

Grundy, Seamus. Pleural effusion. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0019.

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Pleural effusion is a common clinical problem which can present both to primary and secondary care. The process by which fluid accumulates can be divided into transudative or exudative. Transudative effusions occur in the presence of normal pleura and are caused by increased oncotic or hydrostatic pressures. Exudative effusions are associated with abnormal pleura and are caused either by increased pleural fluid production due to local inflammation or infiltration or by decreased fluid removal which is caused by obstruction of the lymphatic drainage system. Patients may be entirely asymptomatic or they may present with breathlessness, particularly if the effusion is large. Other symptoms include a cough and systemic symptoms such as weight loss, anorexia, and fever. Chest pain is suggestive of inflammation/infiltration of the parietal pleura and points towards malignancy or empyema. This chapter describes the assessment and diagnosis of the patient with pleural effusion.
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31

Scadding, Alys. Terminal care in respiratory illness. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0146.

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The terminal phase is the period of time between living with a reasonable quality of life, and the process of dying. While lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis have the potential to deteriorate rapidly, the majority of lung diseases worsen over years. Every exacerbation of the condition leads to a decline in both lung function and performance status, and often the pre-exacerbation level of functioning is never regained. There is not a defining point to indicate whether a patient is entering the terminal stages of their illness, but practice shows that the following signs are suggestive: increasing breathlessness and thus becoming increasingly housebound; increasing oxygen requirements; declining pulmonary function test results; increasingly frequent exacerbations requiring hospital admission and/or non-invasive ventilation; developing cor pulmonale; weight loss and difficulty maintaining weight; anxiety and depression; if the death of the patient within the next year would not be a surprise.
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32

Pantilat, Steven Z., Anthony E. Steimle, and Patricia M. Davidson. Advanced heart disease. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0153.

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Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the developed world and causes significant morbidity and repeated hospitalization. Optimal medical management and targeted use of devices can improve survival and quality of life for people with heart failure (HF). Despite optimal management of HF symptoms including breathlessness, pain, fatigue and oedema may persist and palliative care interventions may be needed. Palliative care specialists must be aware that referral to HF specialists may be necessary for patients with advanced HF. The risk of sudden death at every stage of HF means that palliative care treatments should be integrated into care for all patients. Palliative care should enhance communication among clinicians and with the patient and family, and should provide options for treatment of symptoms and deactivation of devices. Integrating palliative care alongside HF care can increase quality of life, decrease suffering and health-care costs, and improve quality of care.
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33

Martin, Daniel S., and Michael P. W. Grocott. Pathophysiology and management of altitude-related disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0350.

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Acute high-altitude related illnesses include acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPO) and high altitude cerebral oedema (HACO). AMS is characterized by headache, lack of appetite, poor sleep, lethargy, and fatigue. AMS is a common, generally benign, self-limiting condition if managed with rest, no ascent, and symptomatic treatment. Descent is indicated in severe cases. HACO and HAPO are rare, but serious conditions that should be considered life-threatening medical emergencies. HACO is characterized by the presence of neurological signs (including confusion) at altitude, commonly in the presence of headache. HAPO is characterized by breathlessness and signs of respiratory distress at altitude, particularly accompanying exercise. Management of HACO and HAPO involves urgent descent, supplemental oxygen (cylinder, concentrator, or portable hyperbaric chamber) if available, and specific treatment with dexamethasone (HACO) or nifedipine (HAPO). Slow controlled ascent (adequate acclimatization) is the best prophylaxis against the acute high-altitude-related illnesses. Acetazolamide is an effective prophylaxis against AMS.
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34

Rahimi, Kazem. Chronic heart failure. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0092.

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The European Society of Cardiology defines heart failure as a clinical syndrome in which patients have the following features: symptoms typical of heart failure (breathlessness, fatigue, ankle swelling); signs typical of heart failure (tachycardia, tachypnoea, pulmonary crackles, pleural effusion, raised jugular venous pressure, peripheral oedema, hepatomegaly); and objective evidence of a structural or functional abnormality of the heart at rest (cardiomegaly, third heat sound, cardiac murmurs, abnormality on the echocardiogram, raised natriuretic peptide concentration). Heart failure results in activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin–aldosterone–angiotensin system, and release of a number of hormones such as natriuretic peptides, and cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor amongst others. While neurohormone activation is initially compensatory and helps in the short term to maintain circulatory needs, ultimately it has detrimental effects on the myocardium and compromises its function further. These mechanisms are therefore therapeutic targets to improve symptoms and lessen the risk of death.
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35

Mandal, Swapna, and Joerg Steier. Sleep-disordered breathing in the obese. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199657742.003.0018.

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Sleep-disordered breathing in the obese is not a small problem. Obesity-related sleep-disordered breathing is common and may include sleep apnoea or obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Patients present with symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness, breathlessness, and, in severe cases, hypercapnic respiratory failure. In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased exponentially. Although not exclusively responsible, obesity is directly linked to the development of sleep-disordered breathing due to high resistance in the upper airway, increased work of breathing, and high neural respiratory drive. Obese patients with sleep disorders are complicated with multiple metabolic, cardiovascular, and orthopaedic co-morbidities, frequently presenting at an advanced stage. This chapter reviews a common clinical presentation of an obese patient with a respiratory condition and the difficulties in their management. The chapter explains the complex underlying pathophysiology and the long-term management of these patients, and shows how sleep-disordered breathing may develop as a consequence of obesity.
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36

Tarsia, Paolo. Dyspnoea in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0083.

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Dyspnoea may be defined as a subjective experience of discomfort associated with breathing. Breathing discomfort arises as a result of complex interactions between signals relayed from the upper airways, the chest wall, the lungs, and the central nervous system. Integration of this information with higher brain centres provides further processing. The final aspects of the sensation of dyspnoea are influenced by contextual, environmental, behavioural, and cognitive factors. At least three qualitatively distinct sensations have been employed to describe discomfort in breathing—air hunger, increased effort of breathing, and chest tightness. Air hunger has been shown to be associated with stimulation of chemoreceptors. Increased effort of breathing may arise in clinical conditions that impair respiratory muscle performance through abnormal mechanical loads or when respiratory muscles are weakened (neuromuscular diseases). Chest tightness is often experienced by asthmatic patients during episodes of acute bronchoconstriction. Measurement of dyspnoea is essential in order to assess it adequately and monitor response to treatment. Dyspnoea assessment may be carried out thorough a number of different scales, questionnaires, or exercise tests. Strategies in controlling dyspnoea should not focus uniquely on decreasing dyspnoea intensity. Patients may profit from interventions that decrease the unpleasantness associated with breathlessness without necessarily affecting the intensity component of the symptom.
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