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Journal articles on the topic 'Breathing apparatus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Setty, B. V. S., G. S. N. Murthy, K. Thammaiah, and T. Lazar Mathew. "Underwater Breathing Apparatus." Defence Science Journal 46, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.46.4483.

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2

Nomoto, Hiroshi. "Self-contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 101, no. 955 (1998): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.101.955_422.

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3

Woźniak, Arkadiusz. "The Influence of the Flushing Method on the Stable Oxygen Content in the Scr1 Crabe Breathing Loop in the Decompression Phase." Polish Hyperbaric Research 70, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/phr-2020-0002.

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AbstractMaintaining a stable oxygen content in the breathing loop of the diving apparatus with a semi-closed respiratory circuit is essential for the safety of underwater mine clearance operations. This article discusses the influence of modified methods of flushing the breathing apparatus on the quality of the breathing loop ventilation process. The problem of flushing an apparatus is presented in light of the Polish Naval Academy’s change from statistical to deterministic decompression schedules, based on the model of apparatus ventilation, oxygen toxicity hazard and decompression. The examination and determination utilising the required accuracy of the method used for flushing the breathing loop of the device allowed to assess the stable oxygen content during the decompression phase. The assumptions were verified based on a system for measuring oxygen content in the breathing loop.

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4

Haponenko, H., R. Melnyk, I. Horchynskiy, A. Karshen, Yu Ftemov, and O. Lischinskyy. "Design features of underwater breathing apparatus." Military Technical Collection, no. 27 (November 30, 2022): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.27.2022.65-74.

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The problem of finding and disposing of explosive objects in the water areas of seas and rivers that remain as a result of hostilities on the territory of our country is urgent and requires appropriate technical equipment. The technical support (equipment) for performing underwater work, which is in service with the Armed Forces of Ukraine, is outdated and can pose a threat to the life and health of sapper divers during the performance of complex combat tasks on a regular basis. One of the pressing issues today is the transition of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to NATO standards. Taking this into account, the issue of not only transitioning to international standards that regulate the processes of development, planning, testing, operation, repair or modernization of weapons and equipment, but also the preservation of the lives of personnel during combat missions is an urgent issue. Accordingly, the search for ways to increase the safety of military personnel during diving descents with explosive work is relevant. The purpose of the study is to analyze the possibility of making structural changes in underwater breathing apparatus (UBA) with an open breathing circuit of the ABA type and to evaluate the effectiveness of the changes made using a composite efficiency index. The types of UBAs with an open breathing circuit of the ABA type are analyzed, the main advantages and disadvantages of UBAs with open, semi-closed and closed circuits of gas supply for breathing are indicated. The principlescheme of the UBA type ABA was considered and constructive solutions were proposed to increase the safety of diving descents and works. Introducing a fundamentally different design of the reducer and the reserve air supply valve into the design scheme will provide an opportunity to control the air supply in the UBA, increase the safety of diving descents and work. The proposed changes in the design will improve the safety of diving descents and underwater work. The obtained results can be used in further scientific research in the direction of modernization and development of promising means of diving equipment.

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5

Verešová, Tatiana, Jozef Svetlík, and Dávid Kalužník. "VERIFICATION OF TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL DATA OF THE BREATHING APPARATUS." Proceedings of CBU in Natural Sciences and ICT 2 (October 24, 2021): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/pns.v2.160.

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The function of the breathing apparatus is to protect the health of firefighters in a harmful and non-respirable environment. Closed-circuit breathing apparatus provides members of the Fire and Rescue Service with respiratory protection in the elimination of adverse events in tunnels and underground spaces. The MSA 4h Air Elite is a four-hour self-contained breathing apparatus that operates on the principle of generating oxygen by an exothermic reaction of potassium hyperoxide. Each breathing apparatus has its tactical technical parameters. We verified the tactical and technical data of the MSA AIRE ELITE by the experiment they participated in the firefighter. Each firefighter was equally coupled. An MSA Air Elite was used during the experiment. Tactical-technical data reported by the manufacturer varies in some points with the practical results that we have managed to obtain. The manufacturer's largest deviations in tactical and technical data and practical results are mainly in the length of work activity, temperature in use in intervention, and air consumption. According to our experiment, the MSA 4h Air Elite breathing apparatus does not last in the working activity 240 minutes as it discloses a manufacturer, but on the other hand, this time-inconsistency may be caused by the intensity of training and demanding of the training track.

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6

Kłos, Ryszard. "Modelling of Diving Apparatus Breathing Loop Ventilation." Solid State Phenomena 210 (October 2013): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.210.97.

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The article is based on hypothesis that it is possible to establish the adequate joined mathematical model for ventilation of breathing space (for assessing of artificial breathing mixture real composition) and human decompression after breathing artificial hyperbaric atmosphere. In the effect of establishing mathematical model give the chance to understand gas exchange in human body exposed to pressure. It makes possible to plane extreme hyperbaric expositions (e.g. military special operations) and stimulates progress in the field of anaesthesiology. There is presented scientific project proposal.

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7

Kłos, Ryszard. "Classification of the underwater diving equipment." Polish Maritime Research 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10012-007-0056-3.

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Classification of the underwater diving equipment In this paper was presented, innovative in preparation of the diving apparatuses classification method, depend on three criteria: the kind of the breathing gas, the operational depth range of the diving apparatus, and the principle of operation. The breathing gas used is the most important criterion. The other basic classification criteria follow from the first one; therefore it should be treated as the one criterion. Such approach to the problem has never been presented before, however it seems to be correct method of the diving apparatuses division.

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8

Hu, Hai Bing, Jin Sheng Wang, Hao He, Gao Hua Lin, and Yong Ming Zhang. "Wireless Warning System of Positive Pressure SCBA Based on GPRS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1702.

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Ordinary positive pressure breathing apparatus only supply the air to firefighters within a certain time, and cannot help to realize the real-time control of the service status of the apparatus, leading to the existence of security risks. In this study, a wireless early warning system of positive pressure breathing apparatus was proposed in response to the actual demand of the fire force based on a combination of GPRS communication technologies, intelligent prediction algorithm of the breathing apparatus, and network-based programming technologies. The system features strong applicability and small error (a working error of ±6%), and thus can satisfy the demand of enhancing the safety guarantee for firefighters on the fire-fighting and rescue scene and is of significant application value.

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9

Bänziger, Fritz A., and Peter Klein. "Speaking and hearing system for breathing apparatus." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88, no. 6 (December 1990): 2922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.399590.

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10

Lampotang, Samsun. "Apparatus and method of simulating breathing sounds." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (1999): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.427016.

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11

Garofalo, Franco, Sabato Manfredi, and Stefania Santini. "Electronic control of an underwater breathing apparatus." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, no. 10 (July 2004): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)31735-4.

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12

Sopko, Timothy J. "Microphone circuit control mechanism for breathing apparatus." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, no. 4 (October 1994): 2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.410086.

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13

Pavelek, Zdeněk. "POSSIBILITIES OF THE USE OF WORKING SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUSES FILTRATING CARBON MONOXIDE IN THE PRACTICE OF MINE RESCUE SERVICES." GeoScience Engineering 63, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2017-0015.

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Abstract In the current practice of the Mining Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, since 2005, the insulated overpressure regenerative breathing apparatuses with a closed circuit and supply of medicinal oxygen are used as the backbone working breathing apparatuses. At the end of the year 2010, the compressed-air breathing apparatuses were introduced into the practice of the Mining Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, which, in precisely defined types of mine rescue service interventions and under precisely defined conditions, can replace the aforementioned backbone working insulated overpressure regenerative breathing apparatuses. Recently, mining rescue services in deep coal mines have been more and more often conducted under conditions of an irrespirable mine atmosphere containing high concentrations of carbon monoxide, but at the same time containing sufficient oxygen for the breathing physiology of mine rescuer (for example, interventions dealing with the disposal of machinery under conditions of occurrence of endogenous mining fire of coal). This fact, after a long time, has resumed again the discussion of miners' rescue experts about whether it would be possible to implement the use of breathing apparatuses filtrating carbon monoxide into practice by the Mining Rescue Services of the Czech Republic in order to ensure a sufficient level of safety for mining rescuers even in an unexpected and rapid decline of the oxygen amount in the mine air at the site of the mine rescue service. The benefit of the breathing apparatuses filtrating carbon monoxide is their significantly lower weight, long protection period and also significantly smaller dimensions and design variability of the device. The disadvantages are higher breathing resistances and a higher temperature of the air mass inhaled from the breathing apparatus filtrating carbon monoxide.

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14

Markus, Maria Maximovna. "NOTION OF PERFORMING BREATHING AMONG SAXOPHONISTS." Вестник Восточно-Сибирского государственного института культуры 152 (December 11, 2023): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31443/2541-8874-2023-3-27-59-70.

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The article сonsiders the essence of performing breathing on saxophone, ways of achieving the correct breathing, and the problems arising at the initial stage of the breathing apparatus training, or in the process of its incorrect use. The most important moments in the practice of mastering the performing breathing have been highlighted.

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15

T., STANCIU. "The potential air flow through diver’s breathing apparatus." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXIV, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-21-i1-004.

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The gas admission through the divers' breathing apparatus is done with a critical flow. The gas storage pressure is reduced to the value of the external pressure 𝑝𝑒 . The paper approaches the gas-dynamic phenomena that occur when the gas flows through the second stage regulator, respectively: the variable restrictor A (between the seat and the cylindrical piston) and the fixed restrictor B (the orifice of cylindrical piston). The two main pressure restrictors can be considered Laval nozzles. Mathematical modeling of airflow through restrictors was done following the notions of the theory of potential gas flow through tubes and nozzles. The air flow was calculated numerically and by CFD simulation and was experimentally verified at a professional stand for the second stage.

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16

Hidayat, J. Saiful, S. Iman, Suprapto, I. Aidil, and S. Eddy. "Design and Implementation of Ventilator for Breathing Apparatus." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 990 (December 2, 2020): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/990/1/012007.

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17

Lutz, Donal G. "In-line silencer for clean room breathing apparatus." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101, no. 2 (February 1997): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.419462.

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18

Donskoy, Dimitri, Len Imas, Timothy Yen, Nikolay Sedunov, and Michael Tsionskiy. "Air turbulence-induced vibration of SCUBA breathing apparatus." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 122, no. 5 (2007): 2965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2942570.

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19

SECCOMBE, LEIGH M., LACHLAN BUDDLE, JOHN D. BRANNAN, MATTHEW J. PETERS, and CLAUDE S. FARAH. "Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction with Firefighting Contained Breathing Apparatus." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 2 (February 2018): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001424.

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20

G. Matveikin, V., E. N. Tugolukov, S. Yu. Alekseyev, and A. Yu. Zakharov. "A Method for the Development of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Using Computer Modeling." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.14 (July 25, 2018): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.17046.

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The methodology of designing self-contained breathing apparatus with chemically bound oxygen is considered.The distribution of mass and dimensions of the apparatus along the human body increases the comfort of its use, expands the range of types of operations that a person can perform. The problem of optimal design of apparatuses is formulated. The solution of the problem is provided by the use of automated stands of virtual / augmented reality simulating human breathing and the operation of devices. The work of the stands is based on computer modeling systems implemented on the basis of analytical solutions of systems of differential equations, describing the processes occurring in the apparatus. They function as part of the equipment or synchronously with it. The time of obtaining the result is the same defining characteristic as the accuracy of the result.The design of programs that provide the solution of simulation problems in real time is carried out using the methods of distributed systems, object-oriented programming, parallel computations, and object-oriented modeling. The combination of these methods makes it possible to use a component-oriented architecture. Its use will allow for quick modelling of software systems that implement the solution of the simulation problem, depending on the design of the device being developed.

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21

Sheard, P. W., and M. Doherty. "Prevalence and severity of external auditory exostoses in breath-hold divers." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 122, no. 11 (March 18, 2008): 1162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215108001850.

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AbstractObjective:To explore the prevalence and severity of external auditory exostoses in a population of experienced breath-hold divers, and to compare these to the same parameters within surfing and self-contained underwater breathing apparatus diving populations.Design:A stepwise, multiple regression analysis of cross-sectional data examining the relative contributions of sea surface temperature, latitude of exposure and years of exposure to the prevalence and severity of stenosis due to external auditory exostoses. A chi-square analysis of the prevalence and severity of external auditory exostosis stenosis in the breath-hold divers was compared with previously published data for surfers and self-contained underwater breathing apparatus divers.Subjects:Seventy-six male and thirty-five female breath-hold divers attending an international ‘freedive’ competition completed a questionnaire describing aquatic sports habits, geography of participation and symptomatology. Those completing the questionnaire (111/154 attendees) were examined otoscopically for evidence of external auditory exostoses. Images were digitally recorded, scored and graded.Results:Exostoses were evident in 87.7 per cent of the 204 ears scored and graded for severity of stenosis due to external auditory exostoses. The prevalence of exostoses was no different from that found in previous studies of surfers and self-contained underwater breathing apparatus divers (p = 0.101). However, the pattern of affliction was more similar to that found in surfers. The severity of exostoses was significantly less than that found in surfing populations (p ≤ 0.001 to 0.007), but greater than that found in self-contained underwater breathing apparatus diving populations (p ≤ 0.001). Sea surface temperature at the location of open-water exposure was the most significant predictor of the prevalence and severity of external auditory exostoses in breath-hold divers (p = 0.019).Conclusion:The prevalence and severity patterns of stenosis due to external auditory exostoses in breath-hold divers are more similar to previously published results for surfing populations than to previously published results for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus diving populations. In breath-hold divers, sea surface temperature is the strongest predictor of severity of stenosis due to external auditory exostoses.

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22

Butcher, Scott J., Richard L. Jones, Neil D. Eves, and Stewart R. Petersen. "Work of breathing is increased during exercise with the self-contained breathing apparatus regulator." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 31, no. 6 (December 2006): 693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h06-073.

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The self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) increases the expiratory pressure required to maintain high rates of ventilation, suggesting that the expiratory work of breathing (WOB) is increased; however, this has never been reported. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine if the WOB is increased with the SCBA regulator (BA condition) compared with a low-resistance breathing valve (RV condition) during exercise. Twelve healthy male subjects underwent two randomized exercise trials, consisting of cycling at 150, 180, 210, and 240 W. Inspired and expired tidal volumes were measured using a body plethysmograph, whereas esophageal pressures were measured with an esophageal balloon. Modified Campbell diagrams were created to calculate the resistive and elastic components of WOB during inspiration and expiration. There were no differences in WOB between BA and RV conditions at 150 W. End-inspiratory and -expiratory lung volumes were elevated (p < 0.05) in the BA condition at higher ventilation rates, which increased inspiratory elastic work and decreased expiratory elastic work at 180 and 210 W (p < 0.05). At 240 W (VE = 112 ± 17 L·min–1 in the BA condition), active expiratory resistive work increased by 59% ± 51%, inspiratory elastic work increased by 26% ± 24%, and total WOB increased by 13% ± 12% in the BA condition (p < 0.05). The SCBA regulator causes an increase in the active expiratory resistive work to maintain high ventilatory rates and an increase inspiratory elastic work through an elevation in lung volumes.

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23

Eves, Neil D., Richard L. Jones, and Stewart R. Petersen. "The Influence of the Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) on Ventilatory Function and Maximal Exercise." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 30, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h05-137.

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Our previous work showed that breathing low density gases during exercise with the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) improves maximal ventilation (VE) and maximal oxygen consumption [Formula: see text] This suggests that the SCBA limits exercise by adding a resistive load to breathing. In this study we compared [Formula: see text] with and without the various components comprising the SCBA to determine their impact on [Formula: see text] Twelve males performed 4 randomly ordered incremental exercise tests to exhaustion on a treadmill: (1) low-resistance breathing valve only (CON); (2) full SCBA (SCBA); (3) SCBA regulator only (REG); and (4) carrying the cylinder and harness assembly but breathing through a low-resistance breathing valve (PACK). Compared to CON, [Formula: see text] was reduced to a similar extent in the SCBA and REG trials (14.9% and 13.1%, respectively). The PACK condition also reduced [Formula: see text] but to a lesser extent (4.8 ± 5.3%). At [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] was decreased and expiratory mouth pressure and external breathing resistance (BR) were increased in both the SCBA and REG trials. There was a significant correlation between the change in maximal [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with the SCBA. The results show that the SCBA reduces [Formula: see text] by limiting [Formula: see text] secondary to the increased BR of the SCBA regulator. Key words: ventilation, breathing resistance, expiratory flow limitation, [Formula: see text]

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24

Ekhilevskiy, S. G., O. V. Golubeva, and E. P. Potapenko. "Simulation of a Breathing Apparatus on Chemically Bound Oxygen with a Circular Pendulum Circuit of the Air Duct Part." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 1 (January 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-1-46-52.

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At present, the main prospects for improving the insulating means of respiratory protection are associated with the chemical method of oxygen reservation. The arguments in favor of this choice are the high packing density of oxygen and its self-regulating supply, depending on the physical activity of a person. The main schemes of the air duct part of breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen are circular and pendulum. The attempt is made in the article to combine the advantages of the circular (small harmful space) and pendulum (small volume of the dead layer) schemes of breathing apparatus on chemically bound oxygen. For these purposes, the formalism method was developed, which allows mathematically and with the help of a computer to simulate the dynamic sorption activity of the regenerative cartridge of a breathing apparatus with a hybrid (circular-pendulum) scheme of the air duct part. The increase in the protective action of the apparatus is determined due to the use of the resource of the dead sorbent layer in the result of the air flow reverse in the pendulum part of the regenerative cartridge. Feasibility of using a hybrid scheme in the self-rescuers with a short period of protective action is shown. The optimal length of the pendulum part is determined, at which the breathing resistance decreases, and the harmful space occupied by the air returning for inhalation without contact with the unreacted layers of the oxygen-containing product is not increased. Its weak dependence on the total length of the regenerative cartridge and the maximum permissible concentration of carbon dioxide in the air returning to inhalation is shown, which makes the circular pendulum scheme realizable in practice.

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25

Garofalo, Francesco, Luigi Iannelli, Sabato Manfredi, and Stefania Santini. "A SLIDING OBSERVER FOR CLOSED-CIRCUIT UNDERWATER BREATHING APPARATUS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 38, no. 1 (2005): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20050703-6-cz-1902.01958.

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26

WARKANDER, D. E., and C. E. G. LUNDGREN. "Dead space in the breathing apparatus; interaction with ventilation." Ergonomics 38, no. 9 (September 1995): 1745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139508925224.

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27

LOUHEVAARA, V., J. SMOLANDER, O. KORHONEN, and T. TUOMI. "Maximal working times with a self-contained breathing apparatus." Ergonomics 29, no. 1 (January 1986): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140138608968242.

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28

Radford, Craig A., Andrew G. Jeffs, Chris T. Tindle, Russell G. Cole, and John C. Montgomery. "Bubbled waters: The noise generated by underwater breathing apparatus." Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 38, no. 4 (December 2005): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236240500333908.

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29

Obuskovic, Gordana, and Kamalesh K. Sirkar. "Liquid membrane-based CO2 reduction in a breathing apparatus." Journal of Membrane Science 389 (February 2012): 424–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.11.008.

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30

Teregulov, A. G., M. I. Abdrakhmanov, V. F. Bogoyavlensky, and I. A. Logvinov. "Determination of basal metabolism and lung function by AOOZ-M apparatus." Kazan medical journal 43, no. 4 (November 16, 2021): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj87375.

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In 1957, in an article by engineers M.I. Abdrakhmanov and I.A. In 1958, a more advanced design of this kind of apparatus with a closed breathing circuit of the AOOZ-M type was developed (Fig. 1), in which the capacity of the rubber bellows was increased to 10 liters and the entire gas line (with a tank) - up to 60 liters; this makes it possible to conduct studies of basal metabolism both when breathing air and on pure O2 in a large volume.

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31

Onevsky, P. M., M. P. Onevsky, and V. A. Pogonin. "Identification of mathematical model of human breathing in system “Artificial lungs – self-contained breathing apparatus”." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 327 (March 2018): 022077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/327/2/022077.

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32

Slavinskyi, Dmytro, Tamara Bilko, Yury Cheberyachko, Serhiy Cheberyachko, and Oleg Deryugin. "Automated air pressure control system in a motorised breathing apparatus." Naukovij žurnal «Tehnìka ta energetika» 15, no. 1 (February 2, 2024): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/machinery/1.2024.09.

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The relevance of the study is to develop an effective system for controlling the pressure in the air supply in motorised breathing apparatus to ensure effective protection of employees from dangerous aerosols and improve their health. The goal was to create an automated air pressure control system in a motorised breathing apparatus using a proportional-integral-derivative controller. For this purpose, the simulation method was used. In order to avoid unforeseen situations of deterioration of the level of protection, the structure of the pressure control system of a motorised respirator has been developed with the selection of the appropriate controller based on the obtained dependences of the influence of the parameters of the breathing mode and the amount of pressure in the under-mask space of the respirator, which ensures an appropriate comfortable mode of operation. This allowed developing a simulation model with a PID controller that would provide the appropriate pressure values within the permissible limits (50-370 Pa). It is proved that the proportional-integral-derivative controller maintains the pressure in the respirator mask within certain limits both with an increase and with a decrease in the control signal, preventing excessive fluctuations in the controlling variable, which leads to an extension of the service life of the filter elements and a reduction in electricity consumption for the operation of the fan motor. Based on modelling the operation of the pressure control system in different modes of operation, it is shown that when using a PID controller with defined parameters, the system provides compensation for changes in air pressure in the under-mask space of the respirator in different breathing modes of the user. The results can find practical applications in the field of safety and health, in industrial environments where workers are at risk of inhaling dangerous aerosols, such as toxic particles, gases, or other harmful substances

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33

Hixon, Thomas J., and Gary Weismer. "Perspectives on the Edinburgh Study of Speech Breathing." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, no. 1 (February 1995): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3801.42.

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This article offers critical perspectives on the Edinburgh study of speech breathing reported in this journal (Draper, Ladefoged, & Whitteridge, 1959) and elsewhere (Draper, Ladefoged, & Whitteridge, 1960; Ladefoged, Draper, & Whitteridge, 1958). These perspectives concern: (a) errors in establishing a backdrop of mechanical information; (b) discrepancies between data and statements about them; (c) counterpredictive features between data and other knowledge about breathing; and (d) inadequacies in acquiring, portraying, and interpreting electromyographic information relative to the muscular contributions of different parts of the breathing apparatus.

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34

Eves, Neil D., Stewart R. Petersen, and Richard L. Jones. "Effects of Helium and 40% O2 on Graded Exercise With Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 910–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h03-065.

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Maximal exercise performance is decreased when breathing from a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), owing to a ventilatory limitation imposed by the increased expiratory resistance. To test the hypothesis that decreasing the density of the breathing gas would improve maximal exercise performance, we studied 15 men during four graded exercise tests with the SCBA. Participants breathed a different gas mixture during each test: normoxia (NOX; 21% O2, 79% N2), hyperoxia (HOX; 40% O2, 60% N2), normoxic helium (HE-OX; 21% O2, 79% He), and hyperoxic helium (HE-HOX; 40% O2, 60% He). Compared to NOX, power output at the ventilatory threshold and at maximal exercise significantly increased with both hyperoxic mixtures. Minute ventilation was increased at peak exercise with both helium mixtures, and maximal aerobic power ([Formula: see text]) was significantly increased by 12.9 ± 5.6%, 10.2 ± 6.3%, and 21.8 ± 5.6% with HOX, HE-OX, and HE-HOX, respectively. At peak exercise, the expired breathing resistance imposed by the SCBA was significantly decreased with both helium mixtures, and perceived respiratory distress was lower with HE-HOX. The results show that HE-OX improved maximal exercise performance by minimizing the ventilation limitation. The performance-enhancing effect of HOX may be explained by increased arterial oxygen content. Moreover, HE-HOX appeared to combine the effects of helium and hyperoxia on [Formula: see text]Key words:[Formula: see text] breathing resistance, ventilatory limitation, heliox, firefighting

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35

Bersten, A. D., A. J. Rutten, and A. E. Vedig. "Efficacy of Pressure Support in Compensating for Apparatus Work." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 21, no. 1 (February 1993): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9302100116.

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Breathing through an endotracheal tube, connector, and ventilator demand valve imposes an added load on the respiratory muscles. As respiratory muscle fatigue is thought to be a frequent cause of ventilator dependence, we sought to examine the efficacy of five different ventilators in reducing this imposed work through the application of pressure support ventilation. Using a model of spontaneous breathing, we examined the apparatus work imposed by the Servo 900-C, Puritan Bennett 7200a, Engstrom Erica, Drager EV-A or Hamilton Veolar ventilators, a size 7.0 and 8.0 mm endotracheal tube, and inspiratory flow rates of 40 and 60 l/min. Pressure support of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm H2O was tested at each experimental condition. Apparatus work was greater with increased inspiratory flow rate and decreased endotracheal tube size, and was lowest for the Servo 900-C and Puritan Bennett 7200a ventilators. Apparatus work fell in a curvilinear fashion when pressure support was applied, with no major difference noted between the five ventilators tested. At an inspiratory flow rate of 40 l/min, a pressure support of 5 and 8 cm H2O compensated for apparatus work through size 8.0 and 7.0 endotracheal tubes and the Servo 900-C and Puritan Bennett 7200a ventilators. However, the maximum negative pressure was greater for the Servo 900-C. The added work of breathing through endotracheal tubes and ventilator demand valves may be compensated for by the application of pressure support. The level of pressure support required depends on inspiratory flow rate, endotracheal tube size, and type of ventilator.

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Marchesseault, L., M. Mungiole, and S. H. Loring. "Measurement of gastric and diaphragmatic height during slow breathing maneuvers." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 3057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.6.3057.

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Changes in height of the gastric air bubble can be inferred, in theory, from the difference between gastric pressures measured with water- and air-filled balloon-catheter systems. We describe an apparatus that satisfactorily measures changes in height of gastric balloons in vitro. During slow breathing maneuvers in standing subjects, the apparatus measured changes in height of the balloons in the stomach that were consistent with expected changes in height of the diaphragmatic dome. In four subjects, balloon movements were nearly always less than movements of the costal margin of the diaphragmatic dome observed by ultrasonography; the average ratio of height changes was 0.73. We conclude that changes in height of the diaphragmatic dome can be measured with this method during slow breathing maneuvers in upright subjects.

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Tseligorov, Nikolai Aleksandrovich, Ilia Vladimirovich Kovalev, and Daniel Alekseevich Galstian. "Closed-Loop Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems." Interactive science, no. 6 (52) (August 20, 2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-551676.

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38

Banach, Mateusz, and Zbigniew Talaśka. "Evaluation of the effect of nozzle diameter on the breathing performance of a diving breathing apparatus." Polish Hyperbaric Research 80, no. 3 (November 10, 2023): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/phr-2022-0015.

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Abstract The article was inspired by information in the literature regarding damage to medium-pressure diving hoses, which, as a result of the crystallisation of material on their inner surface and the detachment of particles, caused significant interference with the output of the pressure regulator. A dangerous consequent ‘clogging’ of the airflow in stage II of the breathing apparatus and an increase in the effort in the diver’s lungs to overcome the increased breathing resistance resulted. This problem was investigated in the paper. Nozzles with reduced diameters were fabricated to simulate the deterioration of the automaton conditions. A suitably selected regulator from a domestic manufacturer’s was used for the tests. A series of measurements was carried out in a breathing simulator for the established experimental conditions specified in the standard PN-EN 250:2014. Following the test, the results obtained were analysed and interpreted based on statistical description methods.

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39

OSHIMA, Shinji, Masashi TAKAHASHl, Yoshikazu SHIRANE, and Kunio HATSUMOTO. "Development of a semi-closed underwater breathing apparatus, the "eOBA"." Annals of physiological anthropology 9, no. 3 (1990): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.9.299.

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40

KAKITSUBA, Naoshi, and Hideaki NAKAYAMA. "Evaluation of a semi-closed underwater breathing apparatus, the "eOBA"." Annals of physiological anthropology 9, no. 3 (1990): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.9.305.

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41

Bang, Chang-Hoon. "Physical Response of Human Body Wearing Self Contained Breathing Apparatus." Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering 26, no. 5 (October 31, 2012): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.2012.26.5.008.

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42

King, Michael, Elizabeth Sanli, Kaitlin Mugford, Stefanie Martina, Robert Brown, and Heather Carnahan. "Evaluation of the Helicopter Emergency Breathing Apparatus on Egress Performance." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 91, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 962–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5704.2020.

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BACKGROUND: Emergency helicopter landing at sea is dangerous. Specialized training, known as helicopter underwater escape training (HUET), prepares occupants to quickly exit the helicopter, which often inverts and sinks. In most jurisdictions, helicopter occupants are equipped with a helicopter underwater egress breathing apparatus (HUEBA) to provide sufficient air for escape. HUET trainees report that the HUEBA is easy to use, but it is well known that learners are often overconfident in their judgement of learning. To better understand how the HUEBA affects HUET sequence performance, we investigated whether using the HUEBA influences the sequence movement time and number of errors.METHODS: Twelve participants (7 men and 5 women, mean age 25.33 9.57 SD) with no prior experience with HUET performed consecutive trials of the HUET sequence, 5 with the HUEBA and 5 without the HUEBA. Video of each trial recorded the total movement time and enabled movement time analyses of each component of the sequence: crossing arms, tucking the head, pushing the window, inserting the regulator, and releasing the seatbelt. These recordings were also used to score performance errors according to a checklist.RESULTS: Analyses revealed that using a HUEBA increased the total movement time and time to release the seatbelt by 0.36 and 0.39 s, respectively, in comparison to without the HUEBA.DISCUSSION: Our study illustrates that using the HUEBA during the HUET sequence increases total movement time and time to release the seatbelt. However, this difference is marginal and unlikely to have practical significance during underwater escape.King M, Sanli E, Mugford K, Martina S, Brown R, Carnahan H. Evaluation of the helicopter emergency breathing apparatus on egress performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(12):962965.

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Miedinger, David, Andrea Bläuenstein, Nathalie Wolf, Franz Frey, Christoph Karli, and Jörg D. Leuppi. "Evaluation of Fitness to Utilize Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)." Journal of Asthma 47, no. 2 (February 19, 2010): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02770900903483782.

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TAKAHASHI, Masayoshi, Yoshihiro MANO, Masaharu SHIBAYAMA, and Nobuo YAMAMI. "Effects of Closed-Circuit Breathing Apparatus on Respiration and Metabolism." SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI 40, no. 1 (1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/sangyoeisei.kj00001990714.

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45

Kieselbach, Rolf. "Analysis of the in-service failure of firemen's breathing apparatus." Technology, Law and Insurance 5, no. 3-4 (September 2000): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13599370010001056.

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Coca, Aitor, Jung-Hyun Kim, Richard Duffy, and W. Jon Williams. "Field evaluation of a new prototype self-contained breathing apparatus." Ergonomics 54, no. 12 (November 22, 2011): 1197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2011.622797.

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47

PHIPPS, P. R., I. GONDA, and S. D. ANDERSON. "Apparatus for the Control of Breathing Patterns During Aerosol Inhalation." Journal of Aerosol Medicine 5, no. 3 (January 1992): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jam.1992.5.155.

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48

Winkler, Bernd E., Claus-Martin Muth, and Kay Tetzlaff. "Should children dive with self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA)?" Acta Paediatrica 101, no. 5 (January 23, 2012): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02589.x.

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Loginov, V. I., Yu N. Maslov, R. A. Kislyakov, and E. D. Gorbunov. "Problematic Issues of Thermal Protection of Personal Protective Equipment for Respiratory Organs and Eyesight of Firefighters." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 11 (November 2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-11-26-33.

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Temperature of the inhaled gaseous medium in fires is an important parameter of personal respiratory and eye protection equipment, however, the national standards do not regulate the temperature inside their front part. The main criterion considered during testing is the ability of the device to protect the user from toxic combustion products. According to the requirements of national standards, the tests are aimed at assessing the resistance of one unit of the product to one of the types of temperature effects (heat flow, open flame) within the framework of one conducted test. At the same time, the temperature inside the front part and components of breathing apparatus is not recorded and monitored, as well as the effect of thermal fire factors on personal respiratory and vision protection equipment and their components. Unlike the national standards, NFPA standard implies a comprehensive test to verify the protective properties of breathing apparatus with compressed air under the combined influence of various thermal factors. In this situation, it is advisable to propose the following measures: temperature measurement at the most critical points of the internal space of the front part and housings of breathing apparatus with compressed oxygen and breathing apparatus with compressed air; comprehensive testing of the combined effect of thermal factors on all the structural elements of personal respiratory and vision protection equipment. Thus, testing of personal protective equipment for respiratory and vision organs should be carried out under conditions of the combined exposure to thermal factors with variable values of the heat flux and exposure time, as well as considering the time of the protective action of personal protective equipment. This will provide an opportunity to assess the protective properties of personal protective equipment for organs under all types of thermal exposure, and update regulatory documents aimed at standardization in the field of application of personal protective equipment for respiratory and vision organs.

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Davidova, Jelena, Galina Zavadska, Asta Rauduvaitė, and Ming Jen Chuang. "Strategies for the Development of 6–8-Year- Old Children’s Breathing for Singing." Pedagogika 125, no. 1 (April 13, 2017): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2017.08.

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On the basis of the diagnostic results yielded by the international project “The Coordination between Musical Hearing and Vocal Apparatus of 6–8-Year-Old Children during the Process of Singing: Comparative Study in Latvia, Lithuania and Taiwan”, strategies for the development of 6–8-year-old children’s breathing for singing were formulated in three areas (breath support, formation of the sensation of inhalation and exhalation, and breath energy), as well as exercises for the development of correct breathing in singing were devised. Research aim: to design strategies for developing 6–8-year-old children’s breathing for singing.

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