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Academic literature on the topic 'Breath Holding Time'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Breath Holding Time"

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Badami, Sukanya, and Mahesh C. Baragundi. "Effect of Smoking on Breath Holding Time." International Journal of Physiology 5, no. 2 (2017): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-608x.2017.00095.6.

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Nishino, Takashi, Kunio Sugimori, and Teruhiko Ishikawa. "Changes in the Period of No Respiratory Sensation and Total Breath-Holding Time in Successive Breath-Holding Trials." Clinical Science 91, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0910755.

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1. Immediately after breath-holding at end-expiratory level, there is a certain period of no particular respiratory sensation which is terminated by the onset of an unpleasant sensation and followed by progressive discomfort during breath-holding. This period, defined as the time from the start of voluntary breath-holding to the point where the onset of an unpleasant sensation occurs, is designated ‘the period of no respiratory sensation’. Although it has been shown that the maximum breath-holding performance is improved with successive trials, it is not clear whether this training effect exerts a similar influence on the period of no respiratory sensation during breath-holding. 2. Since the training effect seems to be associated with the stresses of breath-holding, we hypothesized that the initial period of no respiratory sensation during breath-holding might be less influenced by the training effect. 3. We studied 13 normal subjects who performed repeated breath holds while continuously rating their respiratory discomfort using a visual analogue scale. In addition, we measured the hypercapnic ventilatory response of each individual and obtained the relationship between the slope of the hypercapnic response curve and breath-holding periods. 4. Our results showed that there was little training effect on the period of no respiratory sensation and that the period of no sensation during breath-holding is inversely related to the slope of the hypercapnic ventilatory response curve. 5. The period of no respiratory sensation was also measured in eight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The values of the period of no respiratory sensation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were apparently lower than those obtained in normal subjects. 6. These findings suggest that measurement of the period of no respiratory sensation can be a useful clinical test for the study of genesis of dyspnoea.
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Gahn, Hallmeyer-Elgner, Becker, Barrett, and Ackermann. "Cerebrovascular response time to a breath-holding challenge." Vasa 36, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.36.3.181.

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Background: To evaluate the timecourse of cerebrovascular reserve response to breath-holding. Patients and methods: Using simultaneous bilateral transcranial Doppler (TCD) recordings from the MCA during a breath-holding challenge, we measured the time interval between baseline and peak blood flow velocity values in 25 patients with critical unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis (> 85% lumen diameter reduction), in 9 patients with a non-critical (70–85%) ICA-stenosis and in 27 normal controls. Results: Normal controls and patients with non-critical stenosis reached peak MCA velocities on both sides almost simultaneously. For the patients with critical stenosis the peak response time ipsilateral to the stenosis was delayed 2.40 ± 3.43 sec compared to the opposite side. This delay resolved after carotid endarterectomy. Conclusions: In response to a breath-holding challenge unilateral critical ICA stenosis is associated with a significant ipsilateral prolongation of the rise time from baseline to peak MCA velocity.
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Dr. A. S. NAGESWARAN, Dr A. S. NAGESWARAN. "Influence of Breathing Exercise on Breath Holding Time and Resting Pulse Rate Among Sprinters." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 3 (October 1, 2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2013/132.

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Нафеева, A. Nafeeva, Зеленкова, I. Zelenkova, Кулин, A. Kulin, Чернышов, et al. "Unctional Support of the Athletes’ Physical Stress at Breath Holding." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 8, no. 1 (November 5, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5943.

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The heart beat rate and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the freedivers, basketball players and athletes were investigated at the maximum time of breath holding in a situation of the rest, under increasing stress during work on a cycle ergometer and at the interrupted breath holdings in the course of work on the cycle ergometer with a constant load. The free divers hold their breath for a longer time than the bas-ketball players and athletes. The free divers physical endurance was higher than endurance of the basketball players and athletes at the inter-rupted breath-holdings in the course of work on the cycle ergometer. The breath holding at rest was accompanied by a decrease in the heart beat rate and SpO2 in the free-divers and basketball players. The examinees heart beat rate increased at the physical work on a cycle ergo-meter without breath-holdings. The heart beat rate greatest increase was in the basketball players. The SpO2 had a tendency to reduce. The SpO2 in the free-divers and basketball players declined at the interrupted breath-holdings in the course of work on the cycle ergometer. The athletes SpO2 did not alter. While the free-divers heart beat rate decreased, and the basketball and athletes heart beat rate had a tendency to increase. Consequently the free divers had high capacity for work and high resistance to hypoxia. The basketball players have high capacity for work and low resistance to hypoxia. The athletes have low efficiency and lacked resistance to hypoxia.
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Zins, Marc. "Breath-holding 3D MRCP: the time is now?" European Radiology 28, no. 9 (June 21, 2018): 3719–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5550-8.

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Morooka, Hiroaki, Yoshitaka Wakasugi, Hiroko Shimamoto, Osamu Shibata, and Koji Sumikawa. "Hyperbaric Nitrogen Prolongs Breath-Holding Time in Humans." Anesthesia & Analgesia 91, no. 3 (September 2000): 749–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-200009000-00047.

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Hurewitz, A. N., and M. G. Sampson. "Voluntary breath holding in the obese." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 2371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.6.2371.

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Alveolar gas tensions and arterial O2 saturation (Sao2) during a voluntary breath hold at functional residual capacity (FRC) were examined in 13 healthy seated subjects. An excellent correlation (r = 0.80) was found between the fall of alveolar O2 tensions (delta PETo2) and body weight, expressed as the ratio of weight to height (wt/ht, kg/cm). An even greater correlation (r = 0.89) was found between delta PETo2 and the ratio of breath-hold time X O2 consumption/FRC. Alveolar Po2 decreased to 70 mmHg in the obese group after just 15 s of apnea, whereas this degree of hypoxia did not occur in the nonobese until the breath hold was sustained for 30 s. This variable rate of fall of alveolar Po2 during a breath hold can be ascribed to the changes of O2 consumption (Vo2) and FRC associated with changing body weight. In the obese, Vo2/FRC was twice as large as in the nonobese, thus accounting for the differences of breath-hold time needed to obtain the same alveolar Po2. Sao2 measured at the end of the breath hold was the same as that value predicted from the reduction of PETo2. This suggests that the fall of alveolar Po2 can entirely account for the observed fall of O2 saturation and that venous admixture had not increased during the 15-s apnea. In patients with sleep apnea, the ratio of Vo2/(initial lung volume) may also be an important determinant of the severity of hypoxemia observed.
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Ferrigno, M., D. D. Hickey, M. H. Liner, and C. E. Lundgren. "Cardiac performance in humans during breath holding." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.6.1871.

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The effects on cardiac performance of high and low intrathoracic pressures induced by breath holding at large and small lung volumes have been investigated. Cardiac index and systolic time intervals were recorded from six resting subjects with impedance cardiography in both the nonimmersed and immersed condition. A thermoneutral environment (air 28 degrees C, water 35 degrees C) was used to eliminate the cold-induced circulatory component of the diving response. Cardiac performance was enhanced during immersion compared with nonimmersion, whereas it was depressed by breath holding at large lung volume. The depressed performance was apparent from the decrease in cardiac index (24.1% in the immersed and 20.9% in the nonimmersed condition) and from changes in systolic time intervals, e.g., shortening of left ventricular ejection time coupled with lengthening of preejection period. In the absence of the cold water component of the diving response, breath holding at the large lung volume used by breath-hold divers tends to reduce cardiac performance presumably by impeding venous return.
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Dr. A. S. NAGESWARAN, Dr A. S. NAGESWARAN. "An Impact of Yogic Practices and Weight Training on Breath Holding Time of College Men Players." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2012): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/jan2014/78.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Breath Holding Time"

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Maxwell, Sheena, and sheenamax@optusnet com au. "An assesssment of non-conventional measures of lung function and the effedt of a herbal extract on mild-moderate childhood asthma." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080507.150547.

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Background: Respiratory conditions are prevalent and cause an enormous burden on society. In recent decades, there has been a global increase in asthma in children and adults, yet the diagnosis of asthma must be made on clinical grounds as the diagnostic use of pharmacological reversibility of airway obstruction remains controversial. It is possible however that tools exist from different medical paradigms that may assist in the clinical diagnosis of asthma. Tools such as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) enquiry, Breath Holding Time (BHT) or Electro-Dermal Screening Test (EDST) may provide useful clinical information, yet their use has not been widely explored or validated. Integrative medicine may be considered to represent a new frontier in medicine where each therapy and diagnostic method is seen to have its own advantages and limitations and where an integration of both diagnostic and therapeutic techniques from conventional and complementary medicine is seen to produce the best results. However, while there is a high community use of complementary therapies for conditions such as asthma, there is also a need to maintain accepted standards of medical and scientific principles and foster high quality research into complementary therapies. Objectives: The current study sought to determine: • If there is a correlation between conventional measures of lung function such as Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and less conventional measures such as airways expired NO level (eNO), electrodermal measures, TCM enquiry and BHT. • If any of the lung function measures are able to distinguish between asthmatic and healthy subjects. • If the use of a rye grass extract is better than placebo in improving requirements for bronchodilator medication, peak flow, forced expiratory volume in one second or quality of life in mild to moderate childhood asthma. Rational for carrying out two separate studies as one study; The author was interested on both the integration of diagnostic techniques as well as the effect of the herbal extract on asthma so it was decided to use the opportunity and put both in one study. Method: A range of conventional and non-conventional measures were conducted in healthy and asthmatic children including demographic details, quality of life data, spirometry measures, airway nitric oxide levels, electro-dermal measures, TCM history enquiries, breath holding time, and skin prick tests. The data were analysed to determine any significant correlations between these measures. A double blind randomized controlled pilot clinical trial was also performed to assess the effect of using rye grass extract in asthmatic children aged 8 to 16 years. Results: There were significant correlations between forced expiratory volume in one second and active quality of life, TCM spleen score and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide measurements. There were also statistically significant differences between asthmatic and healthy subjects in TCM history, breath holding time and exhaled nitric oxide. The use of rye grass extract did not produce any significant improvement over placebo in any of the asthma outcome measures. Conclusions: The use of inexpensive measures such as BHT and TCM enquiry may provide useful clinical information when assessing respiratory conditions such as asthma. However, further research is required in larger populations to confirm their use. The use of the rye grass extract at the dose given in this study did not provide any clinical benefit for the asthmatic children in this study.
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Books on the topic "Breath Holding Time"

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Ye, Zhengdao, ed. The Semantics of Nouns. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736721.001.0001.

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This volume represents state-of-the-art research on the semantics of nouns. It offers detailed and systematic analyses of scores of individual nouns across many different conceptual domains—‘people’, ‘beings’, ‘creatures’, ‘places’, ‘things’, ‘living things’, and ‘parts of the body and parts of the person’. A range of languages, both familiar and unfamiliar, is examined. These include Australian Aboriginal languages (Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjatjara), (Mandarin) Chinese, Danish, English, French, German, Koromu (a Papuan language), Russian, Polish, and Solega (a Dravidian language). Each rigorous and descriptively rich analysis is fully grounded in a unified methodological framework consistently employed throughout the volume, and each chapter not only relates to central theoretical issues specific to the semantic analysis of the domain in question, but also empirically investigates the different types of meaning relations holding between nouns, such as meronymy, hyponymy, taxonomy, and antonymy. This is the first time that the semantics of typical nouns has been studied in such breadth and depth, and in such a systematic and coherent manner. The collection of studies shows how in-depth meaning analysis anchored in a cross-linguistic and cross-domain perspective can lead to extraordinary and unexpected insights into the common and particular ways in which speakers of different languages conceptualize, categorize, and order the world around them. This unique volume brings together a new generation of semanticists from across the globe, and will be of interest to researchers in linguistics, psychology, anthropology, biology, and philosophy.
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Book chapters on the topic "Breath Holding Time"

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Rogoff, Leonard. "Holding Her Breath." In Gertrude Weil. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630793.003.0004.

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World War I deferred women's progress toward suffrage and social welfare. Like other women, Weil worked for the Red Cross and was appointed to civic boards that sought to ensure social services maintained their vitality in war time. War service demonstrated women's qualifications for citizenship. As a volunteer nurse, she served the poor during the influenza epidemic, later suffering a bout herself. Weil joined organizations like the North Carolina Conference for Social Service which advocated for reform legislation. At war's end she committed to women's international peace organizations in support of disarmament, a World Court, and the League of Nations.
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Kozerke, Sebastian, Redha Boubertakh, and Marc Miquel. "Scan acceleration." In The EACVI Textbook of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, edited by Massimo Lombardi, Sven Plein, Steffen Petersen, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Emanuela R. Valsangiacomo Buechel, Cristina Basso, and Victor Ferrari, 14–16. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779735.003.0004.

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In cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, scan time is of critical importance, as many applications require breath-holding to suppress respiratory-related image artefacts. In this chapter, approaches to reduce scan time, while maintaining resolution, are described. Besides partial sampling of k-space, non-Cartesian k-space trajectories are introduced, followed by an overview of data under-sampling techniques as they are implemented on clinical magnetic resonance systems. Advantages and limitations of each of these methods are briefly described.
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Kozerke, Sebastian, Redha Boubertakh, and Marc Miquel. "Motion compensation." In The EACVI Textbook of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, edited by Massimo Lombardi, Sven Plein, Steffen Petersen, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Emanuela R. Valsangiacomo Buechel, Cristina Basso, and Victor Ferrari, 26–33. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779735.003.0006.

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This chapter introduces the different methods used to synchronize pulse sequences with both cardiac and respiratory motions, to suppress motion-related blurring and image artefacts. A single frame or a series of images (cine imaging) can be acquired at different time points (cardiac phases) throughout the cardiac cycle by detecting the patient’s heart rate, usually by using an electrocardiogram (ECG) or, in case of poor ECG signals, a pulse oximeter signal. Fast single-shot and segmented k-space acquisition techniques are introduced, and for segmented cine imaging, both prospective and retrospective gating techniques are described. To suppress breathing motion artefacts, acquisitions use respiratory motion techniques. For short acquisition durations, breath-holding is the easiest method to stop the patient’s breathing during data collection. However, for long scans, respiratory gating or respiratory navigated techniques can be used. The principles of these techniques and their applications are presented.
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Vedral, Vlatko. "Information for all Seasons." In Decoding Reality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815433.003.0007.

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Imagine that you arrive late at a party. Everyone is already there, sitting at a big round table. The host invites you to sit down with the others and you realize that they are engaged in what appears to be some kind of a game. The host tells you nothing other than to sit down and join in. Let’s say that you quite like playing poker, and you get excited at the prospect of participating, but you quickly realize that this is not poker. Then it dawns on you that you actually have absolutely no idea what is going on. You turn around to consult the host, but he seems to have disappeared. You take a deep breath and keep quiet, not wanting to reveal your ignorance quite so early in the evening, and you quietly continue to observe. The first thing you notice is that no one is allowed to utter any words, so it’s not obvious at all whether this is a game. This seems slightly odd but you think this may be one of the rules of the game and so you play along. You observe that the players are using a common deck of cards, resembling Tarot cards, each card with an elaborate picture on it, such as a warrior killing a lion, or a lady holding two crossed swords. After a while it becomes clear that players take turns to reveal a set of cards, one at a time. As each subsequent card is laid down, adjacent to the previous one, the other players closely observe the card being laid down as well as any body language of the player to further substantiate the meaning of the card. So it’s finally the turn of the player sitting next to you. He puts down a king standing over a dead lion with his sword raised above his head; you think to yourself, ‘Is this guy talking about a particular king who killed a lion?’, ‘Is he talking about royalty in general?’, or ‘Is this card a metaphor for some kind of personal triumph?’.
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Penner, JE. "4. Constructive trusts." In The Law of Trusts, 108–28. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198795827.003.0004.

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Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter focuses on constructive trusts, which are trusts that arise by operation of law. It identifies and discusses three broad categories of constructive trust: firstly, those in which the law anticipates the result of legal title passing at law, with the result that the legal owner is regarded as holding his title on trust for the transferee until the transfer of the legal title is effective; secondly, the ‘trust’ under which a non-bona fide third party recipient of property transferred in breach of trust holds the title to the property he receives; and, finally, those in which individuals acquire for the first time an interest in another’s property because of their past dealings or relationship with the legal owner. Each of these is discussed in turn.
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Horioka, Charles Yuji, and Yoko Niimi. "Household Debt and Aging in Japan." In Remaking Retirement, 207–25. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867524.003.0011.

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This chapter analyzes the borrowing behavior of Japanese households compared to the other Group of Seven (G7) countries, and it also evaluates patterns by the age of the household head. In Japan, pre-retirees (age 50–59) do not carry high amounts of debt, and their financial health is satisfactory. By contrast, households with a head age 30–39 have taken on sharply more debt holdings in recent years, due partly to the fact that tax breaks for housing purchase, reforms in the housing loan market since the early 2000s, and expansionary monetary policy enabled Japanese households to purchase housing younger than previously. As a consequence, households have become more vulnerable to rising interest rates over time.
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Vedral, Vlatko. "Social Informatics: Get Connected or Die Tryin’." In Decoding Reality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815433.003.0013.

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Everybody knows a Joe. Joe is the kind of guy who was the most popular boy in class, head boy at school, the life and soul of the party, and whenever he needs something, it just seems to happen for him. This is the guy we love to hate! Why is he getting all the breaks when we have to work so damn hard? As we continue to grind out each day at work, we see Joe is the guy with a big house, fast car, and the most beautiful women swooning over him. Most men would give their right arm to have a bit of that magic. So, how does he do it? Of course, I cannot tell you for sure (if I could my next book would be a bestselling self-help book), but it should come as no surprise that people with more friends and contacts tend to be more successful than people with fewer. Intuitively, we know that these people, by virtue of their wide range of contacts, seem to have more support and opportunity to make the choices they want. Likewise, again it’s no surprise that more interconnected societies tend to be able to cope better with challenging events than ones where people are segregated or isolated. Initially it seems unlikely that this connectedness has anything to do with Shannon’s information theory; after all what does sending a message down a telephone line have to do with how societies function or respond to events? The first substantial clue that information may play some role in sociology came in 1971 from the American economist and Nobel Laureate, Thomas Schelling. Up until his time sociology was a highly qualitative subject (and still predominantly is); however he showed how certain social paradigms could be approached in the same rigorous quantitative manner as other processes where exchange of information is the key driver. Schelling is an interesting character. He served with the Marshall Plan (the plan to help Europe recover after World War II), the White House, and the Executive Office of the President from 1948 to 1953, as well as holding a string of positions at illustrious academic institutions, including Yale and Harvard.
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Conference papers on the topic "Breath Holding Time"

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Brinegar, Cornelius, Yi-Jen L. Wu, Lesley M. Foley, T. Kevin Hitchens, Qing Ye, Chien Ho, and Zhi-Pei Liang. "Real-time cardiac MRI without triggering, gating, or breath holding." In 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2008.4649931.

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Slim, Azza, Abir Hedhli, Sana Cheikh Rouhou, Nourelhouda Mbarek, Amir Taboubi, Safa Benkhaled, Yassine Ouahchi, et al. "Maximal voluntary inspiratory breath holding time test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa4053.

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Andreasson, Karen Hjerrild, Soren Thorgaard Skou, Mike Thomas, and Uffe Bodtger. "Breath Holding Time in uncontrolled Asthma: associations with key physiological tests and patient-reported outcome measures." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1185.

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Reports on the topic "Breath Holding Time"

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Bano, Masooda, and Zeena Oberoi. Embedding Innovation in State Systems: Lessons from Pratham in India. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/058.

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The learning crisis in many developing countries has led to searches for innovative teaching models. Adoption of innovation, however, disrupts routine and breaks institutional inertia, requiring government employees to change their way of working. Introducing and embedding innovative methods for improving learning outcomes within state institutions is thus a major challenge. For NGO-led innovation to have largescale impact, we need to understand: (1) what factors facilitate its adoption by senior bureaucracy and political elites; and (2) how to incentivise district-level field staff and school principals and teachers, who have to change their ways of working, to implement the innovation? This paper presents an ethnographic study of Pratham, one of the most influential NGOs in the domain of education in India today, which has attracted growing attention for introducing an innovative teaching methodology— Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) – with evidence of improved learning outcomes among primary-school students and adoption by a number of states in India. The case study suggests that while a combination of factors, including evidence of success, ease of method, the presence of a committed bureaucrat, and political opportunity are key to state adoption of an innovation, exposure to ground realities, hand holding and confidence building, informal interactions, provision of new teaching resources, and using existing lines of communication are core to ensuring the co-operation of those responsible for actual implementation. The Pratham case, however, also confirms existing concerns that even when NGO-led innovations are successfully implemented at a large scale, their replication across the state and their sustainability remain a challenge. Embedding good practice takes time; the political commitment leading to adoption of an innovation is often, however, tied to an immediate political opportunity being exploited by the political elites. Thus, when political opportunity rather than a genuine political will creates space for adoption of an innovation, state support for that innovation fades away before the new ways of working can replace the old habits. In contexts where states lack political will to improve learning outcomes, NGOs can only hope to make systematic change in state systems if, as in the case of Pratham, they operate as semi-social movements with large cadres of volunteers. The network of volunteers enables them to slow down and pick up again in response to changing political contexts, instead of quitting when state actors withdraw. Involving the community itself does not automatically lead to greater political accountability. Time-bound donor-funded NGO projects aiming to introduce innovation, however large in scale, simply cannot succeed in bringing about systematic change, because embedding change in state institutions lacking political will requires years of sustained engagement.
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