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Acker, Colette M. "Video Review: Understanding Breastfeeding: Social and Emotional Aspects." Journal of Human Lactation 16, no. 2 (May 2000): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033440001600229.
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Noble, Grant. "SOCIAL ASPECTS OF TELEPHONE USE IN AUSTRALIA." Prometheus 9, no. 1 (June 1991): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08109029108631909.
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Müller, Fabiana Swain, and Isilia Aparecida Silva. "Social representations about support for breastfeeding in a group of breastfeeding women." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 17, no. 5 (October 2009): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692009000500009.
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This study aimed to get to know the social representations about support for breastfeeding in a group of breastfeeding women, as well as to identify the actions in their social environment these women perceive as supportive in their breastfeeding processes. Data were collected through a qualitative approach, using recorded semistructured interviews, organized in accordance with the Collective Subject Discourse and analyzed under the premises of Social Representations Theory. Results showed that the representations of women in this study about support for breastfeeding consist of actions available in the hospital, family and work contexts. In these women's perspective, support is a broad phenomenon that involves aspects of encouragement, promotion and protection to breastfeeding.
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Nurgalam Amiraliev, Sabir. "Social and cultural aspects of child feeding early age." NATURE AND SCIENCE 03, no. 04 (October 27, 2020): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/04/32-35.
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Eating habits formed at an early age will have different consequences throughout people's lives. For the first 6 months of life, it is recommended that the baby be exclusively breastfed, as breast milk is the only food that can satisfy all the nutritional and emotional needs of the baby during this period and provide an intense bond between mother and baby. In addition, there is a positive association between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and a healthier diet in later childhood. Key words: food, eating habits, young children
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Kozakevich, V. K., L. S. Zuzina, O. B. Kozakevich, L. A. Zhuk, and O. I. Melashchenko. "MODERN ASPECTS OF LACTATION SUPPORT AND INFANTS BREASTFEEDING IN THE ACTIVITY OF A FAMILY DOCTOR." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 19, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.19.4.15.
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Introduction. Breastfeeding is a natural form of infant nutrition during evolution that determines the optimal formation of baby's health, its physical, mental and intellectual development. The aim of the research. To learn the influence of social, informational and psychological factors on the duration of breastfeeding. Materials and methods. 200 mother-child pairs were examined. Research results. According to the survey, it was found that 86,4 % of children were breastfed in the first month of life. At 6 months, ration contained breast milk approximately 58,5 %, up to 1 year - 29,0 % of the examined children. A children health study, depending on the duration of breastfeeding, showed that healthy children were longer on exceptionally breastfeeding and breastfeeding than those who had any disease during the first year of life. The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding for healthy infants was 3 months and for infants with some disease - 1 month. The breastfeeding support issues in the work of the family doctor, the role of professional advisory help of medical workers for the formation of long and sufficient lactation were discussed. It is established that the use of modern perinatal technologies for pregnancy, childbirth and newborn provides only breastfeeding up to 6 months and optimal breastfeeding. It has found out that the breastfeeding education for mothers, psychological supportive ambience has a positive effect on the duration of breastfeeding and the health of the child. Conclusions. Lactation and breastfeeding is complicated process, but completely controllаble.
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DeVane-Johnson, Stephanie, Cheryl Woods Giscombe, Ronald Williams, Cathie Fogel, and Suzanne Thoyre. "A Qualitative Study of Social, Cultural, and Historical Influences on African American Women’s Infant-Feeding Practices." Journal of Perinatal Education 27, no. 2 (2018): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.27.2.71.
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The purpose of this study was to describe cultural factors influencing African American mothers’ perceptions about infant feeding. Analysis of six focus group discussions of diverse African American mothers yielded sociohistorical factors that are rarely explored in the breastfeeding literature. These factors are events, experiences, and other phenomena that have been culturally, socially, and generationally passed down and integrated into families, potentially influencing breastfeeding beliefs and behaviors. The results from this study illuminate fascinating aspects of African American history and the complex context that frames some African American women’s choice about breastfeeding versus artificial supplementation feeding. This study also demonstrates the need for developing family centered and culturally relevant strategies to increase the African American breastfeeding rate.
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Bridges, Nicole. "Breastfeeding in the Australian Media." Public Communication Review 1, no. 1 (February 9, 2010): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pcr.v1i1.1409.
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Breastfeeding is a topic that frequently evokes extreme and passionate arguments – both for and against. The way a mother decides to nourish her baby can be one of the most antagonistic and emotive decisions she will ever make. A woman’s decision to breastfeed is influenced by a number of factors: demographic, psychological, cultural and social, and it is often difficult to isolate which factors are most influential (Hector, King, & Webb, 2005). One factor to be explored is the way the media represents and reports on breastfeeding issues, and the role the media can play in this decision-making process. This paper employs meta-analysis of existing literature and a limited content analysis of recent media coverage of high profile breastfeeding issues in Australia, to explore this issue.
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Costa Gomes Da Silva, Odete, Mariana Gonçalves De Oliveira, and Sabrina Alapenha Ferro Chaves Costa Lima. "O IMPACTO DAS REDES SOCIAIS NA PRÁTICA DA AMAMENTAÇÃO." Revista Científica Semana Acadêmica 10, no. 224 (July 27, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35265/2236-6717-224-12195.
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The practice of breastfeeding is influenced by several aspects, such as age, education, breast complications, use of pacifiers, and professional guidance. Moreover, due to globalization and the introduction of various technologies, social networks have become a factor that can influence women's decision to start and maintain breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of social media on the practice of breastfeeding. This is a quantitative study, exploratory in nature, carried out through the breastfeeding support room of the Estácio do Ceará University Center. The data was collected through a semi-structured interview, which sought to assess the influence of social media on the breastfeeding process. The sample of women interviewed had a mean age of 28.5 years. The prevalence of the marital status of the participants was married, with a family income of over two minimum wages, and with an education level of over ten years. The prevalence of primigravidae was evident. It was concluded that among the mothers interviewed the most used social media is Instagram, and that these mothers who seek information on social media were successful in the tip obtained, thus facilitating the breastfeeding process.
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Primo, Cândida Caniçali, and Marcos Antônio Gomes Brandão. "Interactive Theory of Breastfeeding: creation and application of a middle-range theory." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 70, no. 6 (December 2017): 1191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0523.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe a breastfeeding theory based on King's Conceptual System. Method: Theoretical study that used analysis of concept, assertion synthesis, and derivation of theory for the creation of a new theory. Results: King's system components were associated with elements of the breastfeeding process and a middle-range theory was created, which describes, explains, predicts, and prescribes breastfeeding by analyzing factors that precede and affect it, as well as their consequences on the breastfeeding process. Conclusion: The Breastfeeding Interactive Model is abstract enough to be applied in different social, cultural, political, and economic contexts, because it conceptualizes breastfeeding in systemic, dynamic, and procedural aspects. Based on a conceptual model of nursing, it contributes to the scientific construction of the subject; however it can also potentially be applied by other professionals involved in breastfeeding assistance.
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Rock, Paul. "Aspects of the Social Construction of Crime Victims in Australia." Victims & Offenders 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 289–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564880600767397.
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Dharmalingam, A., Chandru Bhaskar, and N. S. Raghupathy. "Awareness, attitude and practice of breast feeding among mothers at tertiary care center, Puducherry, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 5 (August 23, 2019): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193734.
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Background: The knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding has been prejudiced by demographic, social, cultural, biophysical, and psychosocial factors. About two-thirds of under-five deaths in India are associated with inappropriate infant feeding practices. Objective of this study was to assess the awareness, knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among the mothers attending to the tertiary care institute at Puducherry, India.Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 postnatal mothers who attended immunization clinics, post-natal and paediatric wards at the tertiary care hospital at Puducherry collecting data about breastfeeding knowledge and practices using a structured interview.Results: The breastfeeding practices were significantly poorer in terms of initiation, feeding colostrums, timing and frequency of feeding and inclusion of pre-lacteal feeds among obese women compared to the normal weighted mothers. The breastfeeding knowledge and attitude was healthy among the mothers as depicted by the awareness of nutritive value of breast milk by majority (84%) of mothers.Conclusions: The mothers had poor knowledge regarding initiation of breastfeeding and administration of colostrum. There was a positive attitude about exclusive breastfeeding, frequency of feeding and social aspects of breastfeeding.
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Putniòa, Irēna, Silvija Remberga, and Ingrîda Rumba-Rozenfelde. "Feeding Infants with Cow’S Milk and Soy Allergy: Social and Economic Aspects of Efficacy." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 4-5 (November 1, 2013): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0060.
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Abstract Allergy to cow’s milk protein and/or soy is common among allergic diseases in infants. They appear at an early infant stage and remain important in clinical practice from one up to three years. According to clinical research, cow’s milk allergy affects about 1.9-4.9% of babies and infants, respectively, and in addition some of them also suffer from soy protein allergy. Dietary prevention of allergic protein by its elimination in food is a significant part of treatment, and allows adequate development of babies and restricts the risk of progressive allergic diseases. Securing exclusive breastfeeding is one of the basic principles in successful therapy treatment. However, there are cases when breastfeeding does not prevent the development of cross milk protein allergy. Only adequate special feeding formulas can provide both energy needs and sufficient quantity of proteins (8.9-11.5%) in food when breastfeeding is not possible. Knowledge of effective compensation mechanisms become apparent by analysing the situation in Europe and USA in the area of different available feeding formulas using both the medical insurance system and randomised formula providing tolerance of the mixture at about 90-95%. The goal of research was to determine the correlation between the availability of a special mixture, parental adherence and treatment outcomes. Applying special formulas is a routine part of treatment, and there is no doubt about its efficacy. No compensation mechanisms exist in present-day Latvia, and the current complicated economic situation in Latvia reduces the ability of parents to choose and buy appropriate formula food. Therefore, a substantial part of therapy treatment is unavailable to infants. Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children in Latvia needs special consideration also because of poor knowledge of parents regarding the real situation.
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Barclay, Kate. "The Social in Assessing for Sustainability. Fisheries in Australia." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 3 (November 5, 2012): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v4i3.2655.
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The notion that sustainability rests on three pillars – economic, environmental and social – has been widely accepted since the 1990s. In practice, however, the economic and environmental aspects have tended to dominate the sustainability agenda, and social aspects have been sidelined. Two reasons for this are: 1) there is a lack of data collected about which to build meaningful pictures of social aspects of sustainability for populations over time, and 2) there is a lack of recognition of the role of social factors in sustainability, and a related lack of understanding of how to analyse them in conjunction with economic and environmental factors. This paper surveys the literature about sustainability in fisheries, focussing on Australia, and focussing on the way social aspects have been treated. The paper finds that the problems that have been identified for assessing the social in sustainability in general are certainly manifest in fisheries. Management of Australian fisheries has arguably made great improvements to biological sustainability over the last decade, but much remains to be done to generate similar improvements in social sustainability for fishing communities. This is the case for government-run resource management as well as for initiatives from the private sector and conservation organizations as part of movements for corporate social responsibility and ethical consumerism. A significant challenge for improving sustainability in Australian fisheries, therefore, lies in improving data collection on social factors, and in bridging disciplinary divides to better integrate social with economic and biological assessments of sustainability.
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Alves, Valdecyr Herdy, Diego Pereira Rodrigues, Vitória Regina Petters Gregório, Maria Bertilla Lutterbach Riker Branco, Rosangela de Mattos Pereira de Souza, and Cléria Maria Calheiros da Silva Herdy Alves. "Reflexions about the value of breastfeeding as a health practice: a nursing contribution." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 23, no. 1 (March 2014): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-07072014000100024.
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The study aims at the identification and analysis, under the view of the nurses, of the axiological value process of the promotion, protection and support related to the maternal breastfeeding. It presents a qualitative and descriptive approach. 11 acting nurses had participated on the Program of Maternal Breastfeeding - Amiga da Amamentação (Breatsfeeding Friend) Basic Unit Initiative in Rio de Janeiro city. In the analysis, the formulation of thematic categories and the articulation with Max Scheler Value Theory were chosen. The data demonstrated the operational form linked to the guidelines of Health Ministry, as nutritional approach, instead of recovering the breastfeeding woman as a familiar and social value of the care net, which threatens the value of breastfeeding and prevents the entire potential of feeling/knowing/doing. We conclude that the comprehension of the value of care related to biological, cultural and social aspects, grants the breastfeeding caring quality and that it has to be more and more valued and stimulated, as breastfeeding deepens the affection link between mother and child.
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Kronborg, Hanne, and Gerjo Kok. "Development of a Postnatal Educational Program for Breastfeeding Mothers in Community Settings." Journal of Human Lactation 27, no. 4 (November 2011): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334411422702.
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Inconsistency in how professionals can best support the breastfeeding mother after discharge call on further investigation. The authors describe how intervention mapping was used to develop a postnatal breastfeeding support intervention for mothers in community settings. Breastfeeding cessation most often occurred in the first weeks among mothers with low self-efficacy, low confidence, or limited previous breastfeeding experience. Besides learning effective breastfeeding techniques, mothers needed to learn how to recognize their baby’s cues, let the baby regulate meals, gain confidence in producing enough milk, and handle breastfeeding problems. Theory-based methods—such as individualization, skills training with guided practice, reattribution, planning coping responses, and mobilizing social support—were built into a health visitor–delivered program. An 18-hour training course addressed determinants for implementation. Finally, process and effect evaluations were planned. Support of the breastfeeding mother in community settings should address the psychosocial and practical aspects of breastfeeding to prevent premature cessation.
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Bhugun, Dharam. "Intercultural Parenting in Australia." Family Journal 25, no. 2 (April 2017): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480717697688.
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This study employed a qualitative and social constructionist approach to examine cultural differences in intercultural parenting and how parents negotiated cultural differences. Semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 intercultural couples/parents. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data and understand the meanings of participants’ experiences. The findings revealed that while intercultural couples experienced several similar aspects of parenting experienced by monocultural couples, their experiences were exacerbated because of the cultural differences. The most common descriptions of differences and uniqueness in parenting were identified as (a) discipline, (b) sleep patterns, (c) cultural taboos refood and traditional medical practices, (d) children’s socialization process, (e) education, (f) language and communication, (g) role of children, and (h) the role of extended families. Five major conflict resolution strategies were identified: (a) communication, (b) compromise, (c) sphere of rule, (d) asymmetrical decision-making, and (e) individual traits. Practical implications for therapists and counsellors working with intercultural parents/couples are discussed.
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Madden, Gary, and Scott J. Savage. "Some Economic and Social Aspects of Residential Internet Use in Australia." Journal of Media Economics 13, no. 3 (July 2000): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1303_2.
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Nikaiin, Behi Behrokh, Nahrida Nazir, Ambreen Mohammad, Tam Donnelly, Roqaia Ahmed Dorri, and Nish Petal. "Contextual Factors Influencing Breastfeeding Practices Among Arab Women in the State of Qatar." Qualitative Sociology Review 9, no. 3 (July 31, 2013): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.9.3.05.
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Breastfeeding is an important source of nutrition and sustenance for infants and toddlers, and has also been linked to several aspects of emotional, physiological, and psychological developments. Benefits of breastfeeding include lower morbidity and mortality rates in infants, appropriate nutrition for early physiological development, and improved immune system development. Some studies also suggest it may enhance cognitive development and reduce the risk of diabetes. These health benefits positively influence the physiological status of the infant throughout his or her early childhood and adolescence. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that breastfeeding be initiated immediately following birth and continued until the infant is at least 6 months of age. However, according to the UNICEF report, between 2000-2007 in Qatar, only 12% of babies under 6 months were exclusively breastfed. Funded by the QNRP (Qatar Undergraduate Research Experience Program), the goal of this exploratory qualitative study was to find ways to effectively promote breastfeeding practices among Qatari women by investigating factors affecting the ways in which Qatari women (national and nonnational Arab women) make decisions to engage in breastfeeding practices and their overall knowledge of breastfeeding. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 32 Arab mothers as research participants and individual in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant. Results showed that professional support from doctors and nurses, social support from parents and spouse, cultural and religious values, economic ability work restrictions, time, as well as availability of help and care at home, personal challenges, such as perceptions of pain, body image, and body changes, were some of the major factors in making decisions to breastfeed or not.
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Armstrong, Helen C. "Breastfeeding as the Foundation of Care." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 16, no. 4 (December 1995): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659501600405.
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Breastfeeding, which unites food, health, and care, enhances the child's abilities to elicit good care through superior attachment, rhythmic synchrony, and vision and brain development. Parental responsiveness is increased by bonding, child spacing, and time with the baby Breastfeeding and other forms of care for nutrition share the aspects of interaction, cultural mediation, erosion of traditions, endemic misinformation, small-scale decision-making, and vulnerability to institutional mismanagement. Breastfeeding differs in requiring continuity of the caretaker and in facing social and profit-motivated opposition. Research is needed on adequate care for siblings, effective help for high-risk infants, improved duration, and nutrition of both mother and child in the second year of breastfeeding Despite effective strategies, such as the baby-friendly hospital initiative and community support groups, the challenge remains to move from motivating women to ensuring access to practical and confidence-building support.
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Musgrave, Simon, and Julie Bradshaw. "Language and social inclusion." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 37, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.37.3.01mus.
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Social inclusion policy in Australia has largely ignored key issues of communication for linguistic minorities, across communities and with the mainstream community. In the (now disbanded) Social Inclusion Board’s reports (e.g., Social Inclusion Unit, 2009), the emphasis is on the economic aspects of inclusion, while little attention has been paid to questions of language and culture. Assimilatory aspects of policy are foregrounded, and language is mainly mentioned in relation to the provision of classes in English as a Second Language. There is some recognition of linguistic diversity but the implications of this for inclusion and intercultural communication are not developed. Australian society can now be characterised as super-diverse, containing numerous ethnic groups each with multiple and different affiliations. We argue that a social inclusion policy that supports such linguistic and cultural diversity needs an evidence-based approach to the role of language and we evaluate existing policy approaches to linguistic and cultural diversity in Australia to assess whether inclusion is construed primarily in terms of enhancing intercultural communication, or of assimilation to the mainstream.
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Burns, Elaine, Zoi Triandafilidis, and Virginia Schmied. "Designing a model of breastfeeding support in Australia: An appreciative inquiry approach." Health & Social Care in the Community 28, no. 5 (April 15, 2020): 1723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12997.
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Senkevich, O. A., Z. A. Plotonenko, and O. V. Lemeshchenko. "Medico-social aspects of breastfeeding practice: opinions of mothers of 0-24-month-old babies." Voprosy detskoj dietologii 17, no. 2 (2019): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2019-2-42-46.
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Ezzy, Douglas, Gary Bouma, Greg Barton, Anna Halafoff, Rebecca Banham, Robert Jackson, and Lori Beaman. "Religious Diversity in Australia: Rethinking Social Cohesion." Religions 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11020092.
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This paper argues for a reconsideration of social cohesion as an analytical concept and a policy goal in response to increasing levels of religious diversity in contemporary Australia. In recent decades, Australian has seen a revitalization of religion, increasing numbers of those who do not identify with a religion (the “nones”), and the growth of religious minorities, including Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism. These changes are often understood as problematic for social cohesion. In this paper, we review some conceptualizations of social cohesion and religious diversity in Australia, arguing that the concept of social cohesion, despite its initial promise, is ultimately problematic, particularly when it is used to defend privilege. We survey Australian policy responses to religious diversity, noting that these are varied, often piecemeal, and that the hyperdiverse state of Victoria generally has the most sophisticated set of public policies. We conclude with a call for more nuanced and contextualized analyses of religious diversity and social cohesion in Australia. Religious diversity presents both opportunities as well as challenges to social cohesion. Both these aspects need to be considered in the formation of policy responses.
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Scott, Jane Anne, Sharyn K. Burns, Yvonne L. Hauck, Roslyn C. Giglia, Anita M. Jorgensen, Becky Kate White, Annegret Martin, et al. "Impact of a Face-To-Face Versus Smartphone App Versus Combined Breastfeeding Intervention Targeting Fathers: Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): e24579. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24579.
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Background Despite the recognized health and economic benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, few Australian infants are exclusively breastfed beyond 5 months of age. Social support for breastfeeding, in particular the support of an infant’s father, has been identified as a crucial element for successful breastfeeding. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of various father-focused breastfeeding interventions in terms of key infant feeding outcomes. Methods The study was a 4-arm, factorial, randomized controlled trial conducted in Perth, Australia. The trial arms included a control group and 3 interventions, consisting of a face-to-face father-focused antenatal breastfeeding class facilitated by a male peer facilitator; Milk Man, a breastfeeding smartphone app designed specifically for fathers; and a combination of both interventions. Expecting couples were recruited from hospital-based antenatal classes and block randomized to 1 of the 4 arms. Each partner completed surveys at recruitment and at 6 weeks and 26 weeks postpartum. Primary outcomes were duration of exclusive and any breastfeeding. Secondary outcomes included age of introduction of formula and complementary foods, maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, and partner postpartum support. Results A total of 1426 couples were recruited from public (443/1426, 31.1%) and private (983/1426, 68.9%) hospitals. Of these, 76.6% (1092/1426) of fathers completed the baseline questionnaire, 58.6% (836/1426) completed the 6-week follow-up questionnaire, and 49.2% (702/1426) completed the 26-week follow-up questionnaire. The average age of fathers who completed the baseline questionnaire was 33.6 (SD 5.2) years; the majority were born in Australia (76.4%) and had attended university (61.8%). There were no significant differences between the control and any of the intervention groups in any of the infant feeding outcomes or level of breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum partner support reported by mothers. Conclusions This study did not demonstrate that any intervention was superior to another or that any intervention was inferior to the standard care delivered in routine antenatal classes. Further studies are needed to test the effectiveness of these interventions in more socioeconomically diverse populations that are likely to benefit most from additional partner supports. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12614000605695; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12614000605695 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12884-015-0601-5
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Ingvarson, Daniel, Dora Marinova, and Peter Newman. "Electronic networking: Social and policy aspects of a rapidly growing technology Electronic networking: Policy aspects for Australia." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 27, no. 3 (December 1994): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(94)90115-5.
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Lever-Tracy, Constance, and Robert Holton. "Social exchange, reciprocity and amoral familism: Aspects of Italian chain migration to Australia." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 27, no. 1 (January 2001): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830124785.
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Nurwahyudi, Masrul Isroni. "KONSEP RAD{A<’AH DALAM AL-QURAN (KAJIAN TAFSIR TEMATIK AYAT-AYAT TENTANG MENYUSUI BAYI DALAM PERSPEKTIF MUFASSIR DAN SAINS)." QOF 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/qof.v1i2.922.
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This paper studied about how the Qur'anic view of the concept of breastfeeding through the interpretation of QS al-Baqarah (2): 233, and QS al-Thalâq (65): 6. To get Comprehensive analysis results, the writer used thematic tafsir as research methodology. The writer tried to relate it to psychological aspects as supporting argument for the hadith information. The concept of breastfeeding in the maximal Qur'an concerns the following: the meaning of radla'ah, the definition of al-walidat, the law of breastfeeding, the duration of breastfeeding, and the provision of the livelihood that should be given to the wife. Like the wisdom of the rad command (a'ah) which Allah calls for in the Qur'an for the disciples to breastfeed their children for two years that is because God knows about the times that a baby needs the love of a mother. At that time the baby is still creating the physical, psychological, social and spiritual aspect. In order for parents are able to carry out God's mandate, then surely the baby will grow and develop with healthy conditions physically and spiritually. This was also supported by findings on breastfeeding problems from a medical and psychiatric perspective. Breastfeeding will provide an opportunity for babies to grow into humans who have more stable emotions and better social development. Breast milk is an important food and the only source of life for babies in the first months of life. The best milk for children is breast milk because with breastfeeding comes the contact of love and affection between mother and child. Mother is the one who is most able to give love and real warmth to the child with her motherly instinct given by God sed.
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Spannhake, Mariz, Charlotte Jansen, Tatiana Görig, and Katharina Diehl. "“It Is a Very Emotional Topic for Me”—Managing Breastfeeding Problems among German Mothers: A Qualitative Approach." Healthcare 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101352.
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Breastfeeding is associated with positive health outcomes for both child and mother. Nevertheless, some women experience breastfeeding problems which commonly lead to early cessation, or not starting breastfeeding at all. Our aim was to explore how women that have difficulties in breastfeeding perceive their situation and how they actively manage it. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 mothers living in Germany who had experienced breastfeeding problems. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Breastfeeding problems occurred due to different reasons and had a huge impact, as evidenced in the four main themes of the findings: individual situation, managing the situation, perceived consequences for relations, feelings, and potential future pregnancies, and perceived health consequences for the mother. They frequently experienced negative emotions, including psychological distress and mental health problems, with perceived negative consequences for the mother–infant-bonding. Trying to actively manage the situation and availability of social support seemed to have a relieving effect, whereas confrontation and lack of understanding worsened the situation. Breastfeeding problems and the inability to breastfeed can have a great influence on maternal well-being. These can affect different aspects of a mother’s life, including the attachment to the child. Providing support for actively managing the situation and supporting the exchange of experience between mothers who perceive breastfeeding problems may help mothers to better deal with their situation. Our findings may help health professionals to understand what these mothers feel and how they can support these women in a sensitive way.
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Amira Kurspahic Mujcic and Amra Mujcic. "Factors associated with breastfeeding duration among women in Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.2.1146.
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Breastfeeding is the optimal method of infant feeding bringing short-and long-term benefits for infants, mothers, environment, economy and the entire society. A variety of factors influence and determine breastfeeding duration, including characteristics of the mother, the child and the family, aspects of the health care system, public health and social policies, advertising and promotion of alternative feeding methods. This study aimed to investigate the factors which are associated with breastfeeding duration in a sample of mothers living in Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Pediatric Outpatient Department of the Public Institution Primary Health Care Centre of Canton Sarajevo. The study evaluated 150 mothers in three groups according to breastfeeding duration of 50 each (i.e. less than 3 months, 3–5 months and 6 months and more). As an instrument for data collection a questionnaire was used to provide sociodemographic data, information about mother’s health during pregnancy, delivery in baby-friendly hospital and breastfeeding duration. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that delivery in baby-friendly hospital had a significant association with breastfeeding duration of 6 months and more (p=0.023). Maternal age (p=0.873), marital status (p=0.628), maternal education level (p=0.228), maternal employment (p=0.949), self-perceived financial status (p=0.189), maternal health during pregnancy (p=0.874) were not significantly associated with breastfeeding duration of 6 months and more. These results support the importance of the hospital environment and health provider practices in breastfeeding promotion.
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Fazio, Ihana Arrieche, Camila Daiane Silva, Daniele Ferreira Acosta, and Marina Soares Mota. "Alimentação e aleitamento materno exclusivo do recém-nascido: representação social do pai [Feeding and exclusive breastfeeding of newborns: social representation of fathers] [Alimentación y la lactancia materna exclusiva del recién nacido: representación social del padre]." Revista Enfermagem UERJ 26 (August 25, 2018): e26740. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2018.26740.
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Objetivo: identificar a estrutura e os conteúdos da representação social do pai acerca da alimentação e do aleitamento materno exclusivo e analisar as relações estruturais entre essas representações. Método: estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Realizado na maternidade de um hospital universitário ao sul do país, com 54 pais. Coletaram-se os dados por evocações com os termos indutores alimentação do bebê e aleitamento materno exclusivo e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Trataram-se os dados pelo software EVOC e análise de contéudo. pesquisa aprovada com parecer nº 71/2016. Resultados: a palavra aleitamento materno figurou no núcleo central de ambos os termos indutores. Em relação ao aleitamento materno exclusivo, ainda constaram as palavras essencial e exclusivo, demonstrando o aspecto inerente à saúde. Conclusão: a representação dos pais teve como influência os significados de práticas culturais, todavia eles reconhecem o aleitamento materno além do aspecto nutricional, ou seja, valorizam a esfera afetiva dessa prática.ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the structure and content of fathers’ social representations of feeding and exclusive breastfeeding, and to analyze the structural relationships among these representations. Method: this qualitative study, based on Social Representations Theory, was conducted with 54 fathers on the maternity ward of a university hospital in south Brazil. Data collected through evocations from the stimulus-terms ‘baby feeding’ and ‘exclusive breastfeeding’, and semi-structured interviews, were treated using EVOC software and contextual analysis. The study was approved in Opinion No. 71/2016. Results: the word ‘breastfeeding’ appeared in the central nucleus of both stimulus-terms. In relation to ‘exclusive breastfeeding’, the words ‘essential’ and ‘exclusive’ were still present, demonstrating that his was inherent to health. Conclusion: fathers’ representations were influenced by the meanings of cultural practices, but they acknowledge breastfeeding beyond its nutritional aspects, that is, they value the affective dimension of this practice.RESUMEN: Objetivo: identificar la estructura y los contenidos de la representación social del padre sobre la alimentación y la lactancia materna exclusiva y analizar las relaciones estructurales entre estas representaciones. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo basado en la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Realizado en la maternidad de un hospital universitario al sur del país, con 54 padres. Se obtuvieron los datos por evocaciones con los términos inductores alimentación del bebé y lactancia materna exclusiva y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos se han procesado con el software EVOC y análisis de contenido. Investigación aprobada con dictamen Nº 71/2016. Resultados: la palabra lactancia materna estaba presente en el núcleo central de ambos términos inductores. Respecto a la lactancia materna exclusiva constaron las palabras ‘esencial y exclusivo’, lo que demuestra el aspecto inherente a la salud. Conclusión: la representación de los padres tuvo la influencia de los significados de prácticas culturales, sin embargo reconocen la lactancia materna más allá del aspecto nutricional, es decir, valoran la esfera afectiva de esta práctica.
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MCGRATH, AOIFE. "Sounding a Quietening: Breastfeeding Choreographies and the Sonic–Corporeal Dialogue of Maternal Experience." Theatre Research International 46, no. 2 (July 2021): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883321000079.
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Let Down (2018) is a practice-as-research (PaR) dance performance that communicates women's experiences of breastfeeding in Northern Ireland, a jurisdiction with one of the lowest breastfeeding rates in the world, due, in part, to the social stigma attached to breastfeeding in public. Choreographed in collaboration with a composer and social scientists, Let Down is a duet for two lactating women who dance alongside a digitally transposed and augmented soundscape of sonic aspects of maternal experience, and improvise to the live sounds produced by infants in the audience. The work responds to a ‘quietening’ of maternal corporeality in some Western societies through a feminist dramaturgy of sonic disruption that refigures intermedial relations between sound and movement in performance to make unheard experience sensible. Attending to the complex sociopolitical and affective terrain that informed the work's creation, I discuss how a methodology of ‘quietening’ developed during the choreographic process generated space for a dialogue between private and public spheres of experience. I propose that the methodological concept of quietening offers both an alternative approach to choreographies of affect, and a critical framework for questioning representations of socially ‘quietened’ corporealities.
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Liamputtong, Pranee. "Childrearing Practices and Child Health among the Hmong in Australia: Implications for Health Services." International Journal of Health Services 32, no. 4 (October 2002): 817–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ttlq-yc48-gtvq-3djh.
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This study of cultural beliefs and practices related to childrearing and child health among the Hmong in Melbourne, Australia, used in-depth interviews and participant observation of 27 Hmong mothers and some Hmong traditional healers between 1993 and 1998. Traditional Hmong beliefs and practices include: taking notice of the birth date and time, placing a silver necklace on the newborn, not praising the newborn, not taking the infant out during the first 30 days, breastfeeding, the infant's sharing a bed with the parents, and a soul-calling ceremony on the third day after birth. All Hmong mothers follow cultural beliefs and practices to prevent the ill-health or death of their newborn infants, but some aspects of these practices have had to be modified to suit the new living environment in Australia. Health care professionals need to acknowledge the different ways of caring for a young child among the Hmong so as to avoid misunderstandings and to provide sensitive care. Hmong beliefs and practices also have implications for health promotion campaigns and can be a valuable source of ideas in the efforts to promote infant health and reduce infant deaths in Australia and elsewhere.
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Watson, Juliet, and Hernán Cuervo. "Youth homelessness: A social justice approach." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 2 (April 21, 2017): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783317705204.
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Social justice approaches that work towards eliminating youth homelessness with a sole focus on material needs overlook the significance of non-material aspects, such as the impact of social exclusion and stigma on individuals’ subjectivities. The lack of social legitimacy associated with homelessness is exacerbated under neoliberal conditions, with the shift from social to individual responsibility positioning those unable to achieve the normative transition to adulthood as social failures. We draw on interviews with young homeless women in Australia to extend the emerging sociological focus on the relational aspects of homelessness through a social justice lens. We analyse the association between subjectivity, stigma and neoliberalism, and draw on Iris Marion Young’s theory of justice to highlight how these shape experiences of homelessness. We conclude that overcoming homelessness requires policies and practices that give a greater focus to non-material aspects of homelessness through an emphasis on empowerment, self-respect and autonomy.
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Wilopo, Siswanto Agus. "Pola, tren, dan perbedaan praktik menyusui di Indonesia: analisis deskriptif peran modernisasi dan budaya tradisional dari data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia 2007." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17688.
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Background : A modernization can lead to the adoption of western behavior while cultural values can also prevails, resulting in rejection of certain aspects of modernity. The question is how such conflicting forces affect breastfeeding practices in Indonesian women. Objective : This study examined modern and traditional factors that may affect pattern, trends and differentials of breastfeeding in Indonesia. Methods : The study based on data from Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) conducted in 2007. There were 32.895 women or 19.939 children born after January 2002 and contributed to this information. We used duration of breastfeeding as dependent variables which based on information pertained to the last two children of respondent. The variable was calculated as the number of months that the mother reports having breastfed the child. The early use of supplementary food for children and the use of health services were examined to represent cultural values and modernity respectively. Socio-economic and demographic variables were considered important variables for breastfeeding practices. Kaplan Meier graphs were employed for the analysis of pattern, trends, and differentials of breastfeeding.Result : In Indonesia, the duration of breastfeeding varied between provinces. There was a trend of shortening of duration breastfeding about two months during 5 years period. Factors associated with modernity were significant determinant in shortening breastfeeding practice. These included: type of residence (urban or rual), level of education, prenatal care, previous or ever use of contraceptives, delivery at the hospital, and the use of an infant formula. Conclusion : Factors associated with modernity were significant in terms of early termination of breastfeeding. Traditional factors associated with breastfeeding practice did not show significant roles in maintaining the breastfeeding practice. We recommend to use a social enginering to include breastfeeding practice as a part of modern health practices.
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Martucci, Jessica, and Anne Barnhill. "Examining the use of ‘natural’ in breastfeeding promotion: ethical and practical concerns." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 9 (April 21, 2018): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2017-104455.
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References to the ‘natural’ are common in public health messaging about breastfeeding. For example, the WHO writes that ‘Breast milk is the natural first food for babies’ and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has a breastfeeding promotion campaign called ‘It’s only natural’, which champions breastfeeding as the natural way to feed a baby. This paper critically examines the use of ‘natural’ language in breastfeeding promotion by public health and medical bodies. A pragmatic concern with selling breastfeeding as ‘natural’ is that this may reinforce the already widespread perspective that natural options are presumptively healthier, safer and better, a view that works at cross-purposes to public health and medicine in other contexts. An additional concern is that given the history of breastfeeding in the USA, ‘natural’ evokes specific and controversial conceptions of gender and motherhood.
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Azmi, Nur Farahiah, Hazriah Hasan, and Mohd Nor Hakimin Yusoff. "ISLAMIC CHARITIES IN AUSTRALIA AND THE GOVERNANCE PREDICAMENTS." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 5, no. 18 (March 10, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631//ijlgc.518003.
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Islamic charity is one of the groups under the third sector or non-profit sector that mainly came out as a focal point in some countries. These Islamic charities made a significant contribution in various aspects in terms of religious, economic and social aspects. However, there are several issues and complexities faced by Islamic charities. Thus, this paper focuses on discussing Islamic charities in Australia through reviewing related literature. The paper also identifies some of the predicaments faced by Islamic charities and explores the authorities that may monitor the management and operation of Islamic charities. The findings of this paper offer insight for future researchers on possible solutions for governance.
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Miranti, Riyana, and Peng Yu. "Why Social Exclusion Persists among Older People in Australia." Social Inclusion 3, no. 4 (July 24, 2015): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i4.214.
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The existing literature on social exclusion among older people, though relatively limited, suggests that disadvantage among older people is cumulative in nature. Some aspects of disadvantage starting at early life stages have long-term consequences. As such, older people with disadvantages may be subject to higher risks of persistent social exclusion. This article aims to improve understanding of social exclusion and its persistence among senior Australians in three ways. Firstly, the incidence of social exclusion among older people is analysed using selected indicators. Secondly, the study examines whether an older person experiencing social exclusion at one time is more likely to experience it again (persistence). Thirdly, it investigates what factors may be protecting older people from social exclusion. The analysis is conducted using the first eight waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. The sample of older people is disaggregated into a younger group (55–64 years at wave 1) and an older group (65+ years). The article suggests that higher education and income, as well as better health conditions and previous employment experiences, are important protective factors from social exclusion for older Australians.
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Bacciaglia, Meagan, and Hannah Neufeld. "Examining the Application and Use of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Within Rural and Urban Health Facilities in Canada and Australia Among Indigenous Mothers." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac072.003.
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Abstract Objectives To prevent infant mortality and morbidity, the WHO and UNICEF established the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) to support breastfeeding initiation and duration by improving the quality of care provided in health facilities globally. Indigenous communities across the world report lower breastfeeding rates compared to non-Indigenous populations. There is very limited research surrounding the implementation of the BFHI to support Indigenous women. The objectives of this research are: to gather firsthand experiences of policymakers, administrators, and health care providers on implementing and supporting access among Indigenous mothers; and apply and adapt the Interactive Theory of Breastfeeding to explore theoretical concepts influencing breastfeeding practices among Indigenous women within Canada and Australia. Methods A case study research design will be implemented to explore the experiences of policymakers, health service providers, and advocates in implementing the BFHI in health facilities servicing Indigenous women. Targeted emails and flyers will be posted on social media to recruit participants with expertise in Indigenous maternal health and infant feeding. Participants will be recruited from four health facilities, either from a small, rural location or a large urban facility. Examining facilities with different resources available will help shine light on how the implementation of the BFHI may differ. In addition, representatives of local, provincial, and territorial governments, and international organizations such as WHO will be recruited to participate in virtual semi-structured interviews. In total, 15 to 20 participants will be included in this research. Thematic analysis and line-by-line coding will then be utilized to identify themes and patterns. Results It is anticipated the results from this study will highlight current gaps in care surrounding the BFI and its availability and use among Indigenous women within Canada and Australia. Conclusions This research has national and international policy implications as it will help uncover whether the BFHI can be used as a tool to promote and support Indigenous maternal-child health through culturally safe infant feeding practice. Funding Sources Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
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Bradfield, Zoe, Karen Wynter, Yvonne Hauck, Linda Sweet, Alyce N. Wilson, Rebecca A. Szabo, Vidanka Vasilevski, Lesley Kuliukas, and Caroline S. E. Homer. "COVID-19 vaccination perceptions and intentions of maternity care consumers and providers in Australia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): e0260049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260049.
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Introduction Vaccination against COVID-19 is a key global public health strategy. Health professionals including midwives and doctors support and influence vaccination uptake by childbearing women. There is currently no evidence regarding the COVID-19 vaccination perceptions and intentions of those who receive or provide maternity care in Australia. The aim of this study was to address this gap in knowledge and explore the perceptions and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccination from consumers and providers of maternity care in Australia. Methods A national cross-sectional online study conducted in early 2021 in Australia, a country that has had a very low number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Recruitment was undertaken through parenting and health professional social media sites and professional college distribution lists. A total of 853 completed responses, from women (n = 326), maternity care providers including doctors (n = 58), midwives (n = 391) and midwifery students (n = 78). Findings Personal intention to be vaccinated ranged from 48–89% with doctors most likely and women least likely. Doctors and midwifery students were significantly more likely to recommend the vaccine to pregnant women in their care than midwives (p<0.001). Fewer doctors (2%) felt that women should wait until breastfeeding had concluded before being vaccinated compared with 24% of midwives and 21% of midwifery students (p<0.001). More than half of the midwives (53%) had concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine for the women in their care compared with 35% of doctors and 46% of midwifery students. Despite national guidelines recommending vaccination of breastfeeding women, 54% of practitioners were unlikely to recommend vaccination for this group. Conclusion This is the first study to explore the perceptions and intentions regarding COVID-19 vaccination from the perspective of those who receive and provide maternity care in Australia. Findings have utility to support targeted public health messaging for these and other cohorts.
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Woollard, Fiona. "Should we talk about the ‘benefits’ of breastfeeding? The significance of the default in representations of infant feeding." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 11 (August 22, 2018): 756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-104789.
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Breastfeeding advocates have criticised the phrase ‘breast is best’ as mistakenly representing breastfeeding as a departure from the norm rather than the default for infant feeding. Breastfeeding mothers have an interest in representing breastfeeding as the default, for example, to counteract criticism of breastfeeding outside the home. This connects to an increasing trend to frame feeding babies formula as harmful, which can be seen in research papers, public policy and information presented to parents and prospective parents. (1) Whether we frame infant-feeding decisions in terms of harming or benefit, protection or risk matters because these distinctions are generally morally significant and thus (2) holding that those who decide to use formula ‘harm’, ‘risk harm’ to their babies or describing formula feeding as ‘dangerous’ is likely to contribute to guilt associated with formula feeding and thus to undermine the well-being of vulnerable women. It may undermine attempts to improve breastfeeding rates by leading women to reject information about health outcomes surrounding infant-feeding decisions. However, (3) these distinctions do not apply easily to infant-feeding decisions, in part because of difficulties in determining whether we should treat breastfeeding as the normative baseline for infant feeding. I show that neither the descriptive ‘facts of the matter’ nor moral or pragmatic considerations provide an easy answer before discussing how to respond to these considerations.
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Skorobogatykh, Natalya. ""Welfare State" in Australia according to Gough Whitlam's Labor Government." South East Asia Actual problems of Development, no. 4 (53) (2021): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-4-4-53-225-239.
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The article examines one of the most important aspects of Gough Whitlam Labor government activities in 1972–1975 – its social policy. Its main directions and the reasons for the short-lived rule of the ALP in the early 1970s are analyzed.
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Woollard, Fiona, and Lindsey Porter. "Breastfeeding and defeasible duties to benefit." Journal of Medical Ethics 43, no. 8 (February 10, 2017): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2016-103833.
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Callahan, Laura Frances. "Moral reasons not to breastfeed: a response to Woollard and Porter." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 3 (September 19, 2018): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-104989.
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Woollard and Porter argue that mothers have no moral duty to breastfeed their babies. Rather, mothers simply have moral reason(s) to breastfeed, stemming from the benefits of breast feeding for babies. According to Woollard and Porter, doing what one has moral reason to do is often supererogatory, not obligatory. I agree that mothers have no moral duty to breastfeed. However, it is misleading to suggest that mothers in general have moral reason to breastfeed and to liken not breastfeeding to not performing some supererogatory action. I will suggest mothers in general have pro tanto, but not all-things-considered, moral reason to breastfeed. Moreover, I suggest many mothers also have pro tanto moral reasons not to breastfeed. Breastfeeding is not always supererogatory; indeed, sometimes not breastfeeding is morally better. This is important because it contradicts dangerous assumptions in public discourse. One way of characterising popular consensus about breastfeeding is as Woollard and Porter do: mothers have a duty to breastfeed. But we might also characterise popular consensus differently: all moral reasons for/against breastfeeding are on the ‘pro’ breastfeeding side of the issue, whereas if there are any (good) reasons not to breastfeed these are non-moral (prudential). Woollard and Porter’s argument is important and correct in concluding that mothers have no duty to breastfeed, but it leaves this other false and dangerous idea intact and even subtly reinforces it.
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Brines, Juan, and Claude Billeaud. "Breast-Feeding from an Evolutionary Perspective." Healthcare 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111458.
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Lactation is the most critical period of mammal feeding given the compulsory dependence on milk of the offspring during a more or less extensive period following birth. This has also been the case for the human species until relatively recent times when heterologous milk processing has allowed the alternative of artificial lactation. The advantages and disadvantages of natural and artificial lactation (formula) have been widely discussed from the biological, psychological and cultural perspectives, without reaching a general agreement among the breastfeeding women themselves or among the health professionals concerned. On the subject of breastfeeding, the information available is enormous but as in other instances, the excess of it has often made it difficult to acquire objective knowledge on the matter that has hindered decision-making in specific circumstances. This situation is understandable given the diversity and the innumerable contingencies that the mother and health professionals must face in their natural and social (cultural) environments. To reduce these difficulties and taking into consideration the biological and cultural aspects involved in infant feeding, this article analyzes some aspects of the subject from the point of view of biological evolution as the mother-child dyad, mother-infant conflicts, in particular the conflict of weaning, late-onset primary lactase deficiency and the prevention from childhood of adult diseases. All of which allows to offer a testimony of gratitude and respect to women who have assumed the responsibility of breastfeeding their infants because without them the human species would not have existed.
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Melton, James, Robert Miller, and Michelle Salmona. "Online Social Networks." International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 3, no. 2 (April 2012): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijissc.2012040102.
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Previous research has shown that many college students in the United States post content to social networking sites that they know would be considered inappropriate by employers and other authority figures. However, the phenomenon has not been extensively studied in cross-cultural context. To address this knowledge gap, a survey of college students in Australia, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the United States was conducted. The study found a universal tendency among the four groups: students knew the content they were posting would be considered inappropriate by employers and other authority figures, but they chose to post it anyway. The article also reports on differences in the way this tendency was manifested and on related aspects of social networking across cultures, including decisions about privacy and information disclosure.
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Parkinson, Debra, Alyssa Duncan, Jaspreet Kaur, Frank Archer, and Caroline Spencer. "Gendered aspects of long-term disaster resilience in Victoria, Australia." January 2022 10.47389/37, no. 37.1 (January 2022): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/37.1.59.
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Research conducted in 2018 documented the disaster experiences of 56 women and men in Australia aged between 18 and 93 years. This paper draws out the gendered factors that affected their resilience, and in so doing, begins to address the dearth of research related to gendered aspects of long-term disaster resilience. It is unique in capturing the voices of survivors who spoke of events 9 years after the 2009 Black Saturday fires and of earlier fires and floods in Victoria more than 50 years ago, including the 1983 Ash Wednesday fires. Over decades, gendered expectations of men and women significantly hindered resilience. Men spoke of the long-term cost to them of demands to ‘be strong’ in the worst of disasters and reasons they were reluctant to seek help afterwards. Women spoke of their contributions holding a lesser value and of discrimination. Discussions of violence against women and children after disaster, and suicide ideation in anticipation of future disasters offered critical insights. Protective factors identified by informants were not wholly intrinsic to their character but were also physical, such as essential resources provided in the immediate aftermath, and psychological and community support offered in the long-term. Factors that helped resilience departed from the ‘masculine’ model of coping post-disaster by moving away from a refusal to admit trauma and suffering, to community-wide resilience bolstered by widespread emotional, social and psychological support. Genuine community planning for disasters before they strike builds trust and offers insights for emergency management planners.
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Freeh, Athra'a Hameed, and Ayman Abdel-Qader Al-Hiti. "Al-Bayhaqi’s Preferred Opinions in his Book Al-Khilafiyat-Chapter of Breastfeeding." Journal of the College of Education for Women 31, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36231/coedw.v31i4.1423.
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This research is a comparative jurisprudential study that focuses on Imam Al-Bayhaqi’s preferred opinions in his book Al-Khilafiyat (The Disagreements), the part of Al-Rida’a (Breastfeeding). It is considered one of the most important familial topics that is concerned with organizing the social relations in Islam, strengthens the family ties and that prevents the family disintegration due to the ignorance and lack in comprehending Sharia laws (Islam law) in all aspects. The study follows the inductive and descriptive method. It aims at examining the prohibition of marriage when breastfeeding takes place at the time of woman’s conversion to Islam or during her infidelity period. It further aims at verifying the prohibition that helps to know the most correct point of view among jurists. That is; to know whether or not the preference of Imam Al-Bayhaqi’s opinion or other jurists is the correct issue in his book, Al-Khilafat. This preference depends on the strength of the transmission evidence inferred by each doctrine. The study has found that five times of separate breastfeeding leads to sense of prohibition, and that the period that a mother should wean her child in infancy is that of two years only.
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Stevens, Christine A. "The Illusion of Social Inclusion: Cambodian Youth in South Australia." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.4.1.59.
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As a result of the turmoil in Cambodia during the 1970s, traditional Cambodian society was fundamentally altered: Cambodians were uprooted, and after the Vietnamese invasion in 1978, thousands fled to camps on the Thai-Cambodian border, where many sought and were selected for resettlement in other countries. Approximately 12,000 Cambodians were accepted for resettlement in Australia as refugees in the period 1975-85, with approximately 2,500 settling in South Australia. The emigrants to South Australia were youthful, with 51% of all arrivals in the period 1979-85 aged 19 years or less (Stevens). Since this period when refugees first arrived in Australia from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, the social adaptation of refugee youth has been little researched. Generally, young people have been but one of the age groups included in large-scale surveys or in-depth studies, such as those by Wendy Poussard, Nancy Viviani, and others, that focused on the early stages of resettlement. The research that has focused on refugee youth has concentrated on educational achievement (Spearritt and Colman; Kelly and Bennoun; Chan; Mundy) or mental health status and adjustment (Krupinski and Burrows). At a time of ongoing debate about the size and nature of the immigrant intake, and concern that the resulting cultural diversity may foster ethnic conflicts and endanger social cohesion, this lack of research on the social aspects of the settlement process young refugees from Southeast Asia undertake is a significant omission.
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García Ubaque, Juan Carlos. "Cultural aspects regarding public health." Revista de Salud Pública 16, no. 4 (September 6, 2014): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v16n4.52752.
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It is often perceived that cultural aspects represent a limitation which must be considered when regarding the development and implementation of public health intervention activities is often perceived, usually because there are varying degrees of difficulty concerning relationships, communication and understanding between communities and experts in this particular field. Nevertheless, different social groups’ beliefs and practices still survive and carry great force when addressing the various issues of interest regarding public health, as shown by the articles in this issue of the journal on such issues as cardiovascular risk factors, smoking and alcohol consumption, breastfeeding, physical activity, health service access, nutrition, healthcare team-patient-family relationship or implementing specific risk eradication, control or mitigation actions. However, there is relatively little public health-related information concerning how this issue can be understood and addressed, possibly because consensus is still lacking between sociologists and anthropologists working in the healthcare field. It would thus seem clear that more research is needed in this field, so that, while advances have been made regarding a situational description, advances should also be made in constructing diagnostic and intervention methodologies which would be truly accessible to those who (without being experts on this topic) are taking on the operational work amongst communities, so that cultural matters cease being a barrier and become rather an opportunity for the collective reconstruction of knowledge and practice regarding public health It may be realistic to consider formal and informal regulatory aspects, a sense of identity and belonging to a particular group and implicit or explicit power and control mechanisms incorporated into a group of interest’s everyday life as themes and possible starting points for such an approach. It is thus important to approach how these aspects are expressed in the home, jobs and public spaces (i.e. the three major areas of modern life) and as embodied in speech, language, customary practices, relationships and social organisation.
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Bennett, Tony, Modesto Gayo, and David Rowe. "Television in Australia: capitals, tastes, practices and platforms." Media International Australia 167, no. 1 (April 13, 2018): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x18766788.
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This article discusses the findings of a national survey of the social organisation of television viewing practices in contemporary Australia. These questions are addressed through multiple correspondence analyses of the aspects of television practices and tastes covered in the survey. These go beyond channel and genre preferences to include a sample of Australian and overseas produced television programmes and of 10 Australian TV personalities. The differential distribution of tastes across Australian and overseas programmes also throws significant light on different investments in the national culture across different social groups. The survey data also includes evidence regarding viewing platform and device preferences. In concluding, the article reviews the evidence of a cluster analysis, registering the effects of major changes within the television field in Australia, including the decline of free-to-air and ‘linear’ viewing, the rise of streaming services and the erosion of brand loyalty as it relates to television channels.