Journal articles on the topic 'Breastfeeding duration rate'
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Orefice, Valeria, Fulvia Ceccarelli, Carmelo Pirone, Paola Galoppi, Francesca Romana Spinelli, Cristiano Alessandri, Roberto Brunelli, Giuseppina Perrone, and Fabrizio Conti. "Breastfeeding in women affected by systemic lupus erythematosus: Rate, duration and associated factors." Lupus 30, no. 6 (February 20, 2021): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203321995263.
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Objective Breastfeeding is a crucial moment for both mothers and child, providing a beneficial effect on child survival, nutrition, development and on maternal health. Despite the prevalent involvement of childbearing women in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), breastfeeding is still a neglected topic. The objective of this study was to evaluate breastfeeding frequency, duration and associated factors in SLE women. Methods We consecutively enrolled SLE pregnant women reporting demographic, clinical, serological, gynaecological and obstetric data. Breastfeeding experience was evaluated by using a specific questionnaire. Disease activity was assessed before and during pregnancy as well as during postpartum. Results A total of 57 pregnancies in 43 SLE women were included in the present study. In almost all the pregnancies, mothers planned to breastfeed their child (96.5%) and forty-one (71.9%) actually did breastfeed. The median time of breastfeeding was 3 months (IQR 7). Non-breastfeeding women showed a more frequent caesarean section (p = 0.0001), IUGR occurrence (p = 0.004) and disease relapse (p = 0.0001) after pregnancy. When comparing patients according with breastfeeding duration (cut-off 6 months), we found a significant more frequent smoking habitus (p = 0.02), caesarean section (p = 0.009), and joint involvement during postpartum (p = 0.0001) in women breastfeeding for less than or equal to 6 months, together with higher median BMI (p = 0.0001). Moreover, breastfeeding duration was positively associated with disease duration and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment during disease history, pregnancy and postpartum. Conclusions SLE women didn’t show lower breastfeeding rate in comparison with general population but they presented higher prevalence of early discontinuation within three months. Early interruption was positively associated with smoking, BMI, joint involvement; meanwhile disease duration and HCQ treatment during postpartum were positively associated with a longer breastfeeding duration.
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Ersen, Gamze, Ismail Kasim, Ezgi Agadayi, Aybuke Demir Alsancak, Tijen Sengezer, and Adem Ozkara. "Factors Affecting the Behavior and Duration of Breastfeeding Among Physician Mothers." Journal of Human Lactation 36, no. 3 (January 2, 2020): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334419892257.
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Background Increasing breastfeeding duration may help physician mothers better counsel their patients. To improve the breastfeeding duration of physician mothers, the factors that may influence their breastfeeding duration should be known. Research Aim To investigate the breastfeeding behavior and duration among physician mothers and to determine the factors that influence breastfeeding practices. Methods This was an online prospective cross-sectional self-report survey. A 26-item author-created data-collecting tool inquiring sociodemographic and work characteristics, medical history of delivery, and breastfeeding history was sent to female physicians who had infants between 12 and 60 months of age via an online social group, “Physician Mothers,” with 11,632 members. Participants ( N = 615) responded, and descriptive statistics were analyzed. Results Participants’ mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 4.8 months ( SD = 1.9). The total breastfeeding length was a mean 15.8 months ( SD = 7.6). The rate of breastfeeding duration for at least 24 months was 17.8% ( n = 75). The most common reason for weaning from breastfeeding was workplace-related conditions (23.6%, n = 145). Participants reported that the mean time of resuming night shifts after delivery was 8.6 months ( SD = 4.7). The rate of participants who were unable to use their breastfeeding leave rights partially or completely was 43.6% ( n = 268). Conclusion Although legislation is in place to allow working mothers to breastfeed their infants, these legal rights were not used properly. Physician mothers should be fully supported in using their breastfeeding leave rights, and workplace conditions should be improved to enable physician mothers to breastfeed their infants for extended periods.
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Levinienė, Giedra, Eglė Tamulevičienė, Jolanta Kudzytė, Aušra Petrauskienė, Apolinaras Zaborskis, Indrė Aželienė, and Liutauras Labanauskas. "Factors Associated With Breastfeeding Duration." Medicina 49, no. 9 (October 5, 2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina49090065.
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Background and Objective. The assessment of the factors associated with breastfeeding duration helps in creation of a national policy according to the World Health Organization strategy and recommendations. The objective of the study was to identify the factors associated with breastfeeding duration. Material and Methods. These analyses are based on a sample of mothers with babies attending one family health center in Kaunas, Lithuania. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 195 mothers (response rate, 97.5%). One year later, the same respondents, who had 1-year-old children, answered questions of the second questionnaire. Results. Half (53.8%) of the surveyed women breastfed for 3–5 months, 29.7% for 6 months and more, and 16.5% of the respondents breastfed for less than 3 months. The oldest (31–40 years) women breastfed their babies significantly longer than the youngest (<20 years) mothers. The mothers with a higher education breastfed their babies significantly longer than the less educated mothers. The married women breastfed longer than single or living with a partner. The mothers who did not give extra fluids and pacifiers breastfed significantly longer than the women who gave them. The majority of the mothers who had sore nipples, milk stasis, and mastitis breastfed for only up to 3 months. Conclusions. Mothers at risk of short breastfeeding duration should be targeted as a group for breastfeeding promotion early in the pregnancy. The education of healthcare professionals who provide prenatal and postnatal care allows them to choose women who need additional breastfeeding support.
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Okunade, Albert, Ahmad Reshad Osmani, Toluwalope Ayangbayi, and Adeyinka Kevin Okunade. "Children’s Health Capital Investment: Effects of U.S. Infant Breastfeeding on Teenage Obesity." Econometrics 9, no. 4 (November 29, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics9040042.
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Obesity, as a health and social problem with rising prevalence and soaring economic cost, is increasingly drawing scholarly and public policy attention. While many studies have suggested that infant breastfeeding protects against childhood obesity, empirical evidence on this causal relationship is fragile. Using the health capital development theory, this study exploited multiple data sources from the U.S. and a three-way error components model (ECM) with a jackknife resampling plan to estimate the effect of in-hospital breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding for durations of 3, 6, and 12 months on the prevalence of obesity during teenage years. The main finding was that a 1% rise in the in-hospital breastfeeding initiation rate reduces the teenage obesity prevalence rate by 1.7% (9.6% of a standard deviation). The magnitude of this effect declines as the infant breastfeeding duration lengthens—e.g., the 12-month infant breastfeeding duration rate is associated with a 0.53% (3.7% of a standard deviation) reduction in obesity prevalence in the teenage years (9th to 12th grades). The study findings agree with both the behavioral and physiological theories on the long-term effects of breastfeeding, and have timely implications for public policies promoting infant breastfeeding to reduce the economic burden of teenage and later adult-stage obesity prevalence rates.
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Léger-Leblanc, Gisèle, and France M. Rioux. "Effect of a Prenatal Nutritional Intervention Program On Initiation and Duration of Breastfeeding." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 69, no. 2 (July 2008): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/69.2.2008.101.
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Purpose: To evaluate initiation and duration of breastfeeding of infants born to mothers who participated in the Early Childhood Initiative (ECI) program. Factors affecting the initiation and the early cessation of breastfeeding were also explored. Methods: Twenty-five pregnant women participating in the ECI program completed this prospective study. At 36 weeks’ gestation, a questionnaire was administered to assess socioeconomic status, intention to breastfeed and breastfeeding experience. When the infants were three and six months of age, feeding practices were assessed with a questionnaire. Results: The breastfeeding initiation rate was 62.5%. At one and three months postpartum, exclusive breastfeeding rates were 39% and 4%, respectively. At six months, none of the women was exclusively breastfeeding. Primiparity, prenatal classes, having been breastfed and intention to breastfeed at 36 weeks’ gestation were positively associated with breastfeeding initiation. Father’s education, intention to breastfeed at 36 weeks’ gestation, no water or formula given to the infant during hospitalization and higher maternal hemoglobin level at 36 weeks’ gestation were positively associated with the duration of breastfeeding. Conclusions: The rate of initiation and duration of breastfeeding for ECI participants were low. To achieve successful interventions, it is important to target modifiable factors known to influence the initiation and duration of breastfeeding within this population.
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Bai, Yeon, Shahla M. Wunderlich, and Rickie Kashdan. "Alternative Hospital Gift Bags and Breastfeeding Exclusivity." ISRN Nutrition 2013 (June 27, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/560810.
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The type of gift bags given to new mothers at the time of discharge from the hospital can influence their confidence in breastfeeding. Most hospitals in the US continue to distribute commercial gift bags containing formula samples despite the reported negative influence of commercial bags on the duration of breastfeeding. This study compared breastfeeding outcomes in women receiving three different kinds of gift bags at discharge. A prospective intervention study was conducted during 2009-2010 in New Jersey. Three breastfeeding cohorts were recruited and assigned to three groups: COMMERCIAL received discharge bags containing formula samples, BF-INFO received breastfeeding information and supplies, and PUMP received breastfeeding information/supplies plus a manual breast pump. Follow-up contacts were at 2, 4, and 12 postpartum weeks to determine breastfeeding outcome. The mean durations of exclusive (EBF) and partial breastfeeding were compared between groups using ANOVA. A total of 386 participants completed the study. The mean EBF duration (weeks) in the PUMP (, ) and BF-INFO (, ) were significantly longer () than COMMERCIAL (, ). The rate of EBF through 12 weeks in PUMP was most consistent. The mean duration of partial breastfeeding showed similar results: significantly longer in PUMP and BF-INFO than COMMERCIAL ().
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Kohlhuber, Martina, Barbara Rebhan, Ursula Schwegler, Berthold Koletzko, and Hermann Fromme. "Breastfeeding rates and duration in Germany: a Bavarian cohort study." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 5 (May 2008): 1127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508864835.
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Breastfeeding is the recommended feeding for all healthy infants. The aim of our study was to assess the current state of breastfeeding prevalence, duration and behaviour in Bavaria, Germany as a basis for targeting breastfeeding promotion measures. The Bavarian Breastfeeding Study is a prospective cohort study of 3822 mothers who delivered in April 2005 in Bavaria, Germany. Breastfeeding duration and determinants such as socioeconomic status, attitudes towards breastfeeding, birth mode and breastfeeding problems were assessed by questionnaires 2–6 d after birth and 2, 4, 6, and 9 months after birth. The initial breastfeeding rate was 90 %. After 4 months 61 % still breastfed (any breastfeeding). In the multivariate analyses the main influencing factor reducing breastfeeding initiation was the partner's negative attitude towards breastfeeding (OR 21·79; 95 % CI 13·46, 35·27). No initial breastfeeding was also associated with lower education, maternal grandmother's negative attitude and pre-term birth. Protective factors were primary breastfeeding experience and information on breastfeeding before birth. Breastfeeding duration < 4 months was strongly associated with breastfeeding problems (OR 7·56; 95 % CI 6·21, 9·19), smoking, lower education, partner's negative attitude and Caesarean section. Since the attitude of family members is an important influencing factor on breastfeeding rates, breastfeeding promotion should also target the partners of pregnant women and the families of newborn infants. Public health interventions such as more effective support for the management of breastfeeding problems, especially in lower social status families, should be implemented and their effectiveness should be critically evaluated.
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Garcez, Letícia W., and Elsa R. J. Giugliani. "Population-Based Study on the Practice of Breastfeeding in Children Born with Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 42, no. 6 (November 2005): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/04-108r1.1.
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Objective To investigate the practice of breastfeeding and related difficulties in children born in Porto Alegre, Brazil, with cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate. Design Cohort, observational, and population-based study. Population and Sample Mothers of all children born in 2001 and 2002 with cleft lip and palate in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil (n = 31), were interviewed in their homes. From the information collected, the frequencies of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in the first year of life were estimated and the median duration was computed according to the type of cleft. A descriptive analysis was used to study the difficulties. Main Indicators Initiation rate, pattern, duration, and difficulties of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. Results The initiation rate of breastfeeding was 100% and its median duration was 42.5 days. Exclusive breastfeeding was initiated by 67.7% of the sample and maintained for 15 days (median). The breastfeeding duration was significantly higher in the presence of cleft lip, being equal or even superior to (in the case of exclusive breastfeeding) the median of Porto Alegre's general population. The most frequently mentioned difficulties were weak suction, difficulty attaching to the breast, and breast milk escaping through the nostrils. Conclusions In spite of the diverse difficulties reported and the lack of professional support after discharge from the maternity wards, the initiation rate and the duration of breastfeeding of children with cleft lip and palate found in this study reinforce the theory that this malformation, especially cleft lip, is compatible with successful breastfeeding.
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Sangwarn, Matthana, and Kanjana Naromrum. "Factors Influencing on the Duration of Breastfeeding in Ramathibodi Hospital Personnel." Ramathibodi Medical Journal 43, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33165/rmj.2020.43.3.218806.
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Background: Breast milk is the best food for newborn and the important base in physical mental intellectual and emotional development.
Objective: To identify rate of exclusive breastfeeding at least 6 months and to influencing factors on duration of breastfeeding in Ramathibodi Hospital personnel.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. Participants were 483 Ramathibodi Hospital personnels who gave birth at Ramathibodi Hospital from October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2015. Instruments were demographic data and breastfeeding history questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the correlation between the factors associated with breastfeeding used chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: Questionnaires were returned 329 (68%). Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months was 20%. The finding showed that age, level of education, occupation, average family income per month, duration of breastfeeding intention, breastfeeding instruction at antenatal care clinic, and personnel have breast milk before discharge were related to the duration of breastfeeding for more than or equal 6 months (P < .05). Occupation and duration of breastfeeding intention predicted the duration of breastfeeding in Ramathibodi Hospital personnel 17.2%.
Conclusions: This study showed that high age, high level of education, maternal occupation, high family income, duration of breastfeeding intention, breastfeeding instruction at antenatal care clinic, and personnel having breast milk before discharge related to the duration of breastfeeding for equal or more than 6 months. The predictable factors on the duration of breastfeeding for equal or more than 6 months were occupation and duration of breastfeeding intention.
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Liu, Jieyu, Di Gao, Yanhui Li, Manman Chen, Xinxin Wang, Qi Ma, Tao Ma, et al. "Breastfeeding Duration and High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study of Seven Provinces in China." Nutrients 14, no. 15 (July 30, 2022): 3152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153152.
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This study was aimed to investigate the associations between breastfeeding duration and blood pressure (BP) levels, BP Z scores and high BP (HBP) in children and adolescents. A total of 57,201 participants including 29,491 boys and 27,710 girls aged 7–18 years were recruited from seven provinces in China in 2012. HBP was defined as BP levels of ≥95th percentiles of the referent age-, sex-, and height-specific population. Breastfeeding duration was divided into non-breastfeeding, 0–5 months, 6–12 months, and >12 months. Information on demographic, parental or family factors and dietary behaviors was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models were applied to assess the relationships of breastfeeding duration with BP levels and BP Z scores and with HBP, respectively. Stratified analyses were performed to further investigate the potential subgroup-specific associations. The reported prolonged breastfeeding (>12 months) rate was 22.53% in the total population. After full adjustment, compared to the non-breastfeeding group, breastfeeding for 6–12 months was correlated with 0.43 (95% CI: −0.75, −0.11) and 0.36 (95% CI: −0.61, −0.12) mmHg lower levels of SBP and DBP, respectively. Similar decrease trends were found for BP Z scores. Prolonged breastfeeding (>12 months) was associated with 1.33 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.58) and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.33) higher odds of HBP in boys and girls, respectively. Based on nationally representative data, there was no evidence that a longer duration of breastfeeding is protective against childhood HBP. Breastfeeding for 6–12 months may be beneficial to BP, while prolonged breastfeeding durations might increase the odds of HBP in children and adolescents.
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Khan, Zubeda. "Are Breastfeeding Patterns in Pakistan Changing?" Pakistan Development Review 30, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v30i3pp.297-311.
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Prolonged breastfeeding, apart from being beneficial to the child's health, helps in keeping the binh rate low. One of the effects of malnutrition in developing countries is the Teduction in the period of lactation. In Pakistan, where the binh rate is already very high and the use of contraceptives limited, any reduction in the breastfeeding period may result in an increase of the binh rate. This study was undertaken to fmd out the recent changes in the breastfeeding pattern and their potential impact on the fertility levels in Pakistan. The data for this study is based on two National Fertility Surveys - the 1975 PakistBn Fertility Survey (PFS) and the 1979 Population, Labour Force, and Migration Survey (PLM). The estimation of the mean duration of breastfeeding is based on a measure developed by mosley (1982), given by the formula Y = BIN, where Y = estimate of duration of breastfeeding, B = total number of children currently being breastfed, N = the average number of binhs per mOhth. Taking mother's age, parity, place of residence, education, and occupation as background variables, the findings are as follows: (1) a decline of about 4 months occurs in the average length of lactation; (2) age of mother is positively associated with the duration of breastfeeding; (3) urban women have shorter periods of breastfeeding; (4) women working on farms have longer periods of breastfeeding; (5) a slight increase in fertility is due to the decline in breastfeeding and the decrease in the use of contraceptives. It is suggested that breastfeeding may be promoted among Pakistani mothers to reduce the binh rate.
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Bürger, Bernadette, Karin Schindler, Tanja Tripolt, Hans Peter Stüger, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Adelheid Weber, and Alexandra Wolf-Spitzer. "Breastfeeding Prevalence in Austria according to the WHO IYCF Indicators—The SUKIE-Study." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 19, 2021): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13062096.
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Breastfeeding and infant nutrition have an important impact on child health. The last representative data on breastfeeding in Austria was collected in 2006. The SUKIE-Study (Säuglings- und Kinderernährung) is a representative, longitudinal survey (online questionnaire) for participating mothers at four time points (14 days, four, six and 12 months post-partum). Questions on when other foods were first introduced were asked retrospectively. To ensure international comparisons, the World Health Organization’s definitions for breastfeeding, including “Infant and Young Child Feeding” indicators, were used. After eligibility screening, 1214 of 1666 invited mothers were included in the analysis. The initial breastfeeding rate was 97.5% and was reduced to 40.8% after 12 months. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding at one week of age was 55.5% and decreased to 1.9% after six months. Half of the infants received infant formula for the first time within the first three days of life (median). Out of the mothers that did wean breastfeeding in the first 12 months, the median duration was 27 weeks (right-censored data). Compared with 2006, an increase (93.2% to 97.5%) in the initial breastfeeding rate was found. However, other findings show that breastfeeding duration, including exclusive breastfeeding rates, need further improvement.
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Ananta, Yovita, Ellen Gandaputra, Elina Waiman, I. Gusti Ayu Nyoman Partiwi, Nanis Sacharina Marzuki, Elizabeth Yohmi, Eveline Panjaitan, Hanifah Oswari, and Badriul Hegar. "Exclusive breastfeeding rate and factors associated with infant feeding practices in Indonesia." Paediatrica Indonesiana 56, no. 1 (May 12, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi56.1.2016.24-31.
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Background Breast milk is the ideal food for infants. According to the 2007 Indonesian National Household Health Survey, only 23% of mothers exclusively breastfeed for six months.Objectives To determine the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia, to evaluate factors associated with infant feeding practices, and to compare the nutritional and developmental status between exclusively-breastfed and formula-fed infants.Methods A survey was conducted in hospitals located in 17 provinces in Indonesia. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was calculated. Many variables were investigated as potential predictors for exclusive breastfeeding using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Further analysis was performed to compare the nutritional and developmental status between exclusively breastfed and formula-fed infants at the time of survey.Results From 1,804 infant subjects, the overall rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 46.3%, ranging from 10.5% in East Java to 66.9% in Jambi. Predominant breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and formula feeding rates were 14.3%, 8.6%, and 30.7%, respectively. Maternal unemployment was associated with a longer duration of breastfeeding (P=0.000). There were significantly more formula-fed infants who were undernourished compared to exclusively-breastfed infants (14% vs. 8%, P=0.001). There were also significantly more infants in the formula-fed group who had abnormal head circumference compared to those in the exclusively-breastfed group (9% vs. 6%, P=0.031). Child development, as assessed by the Pre-screening Developmental Questionnaire, was similar between the two groups (P=0.996).Conclusion The overall rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is 46.3%. Maternal unemployment is associated with longer duration of breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfed infants have significant better growth and head circumference compared to formula fed infants, while the development is similar between the two groups.
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Chen, Cheng, Yan Yan, Xiao Gao, Shiting Xiang, Qiong He, Guangyu Zeng, Shiping Liu, Tingting Sha, and Ling Li. "Influences of Cesarean Delivery on Breastfeeding Practices and Duration: A Prospective Cohort Study." Journal of Human Lactation 34, no. 3 (January 24, 2018): 526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334417741434.
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Background: Mothers are encouraged to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months. However, cesarean delivery rates have increased worldwide, which may affect breastfeeding. Research aim: This study aimed to determine the potential effects of cesarean delivery on breastfeeding practices and breastfeeding duration. Methods: This was a 6-month cohort study extracted from a 24-month prospective cohort study of mother–infant pairs in three communities in Hunan, China. Data about participants’ characteristics, delivery methods, breastfeeding initiation, use of formula in the hospital, exclusive breastfeeding, and any breastfeeding were collected at 1, 3, and 6 months following each infant’s birth. The chi-square test, logistic regression model, and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to examine the relationship between breastfeeding practices and cesarean delivery. Results: The number of women who had a cesarean delivery was 387 (40.6%), and 567 (59.4%) women had a vaginal delivery. The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 1, 3, and 6 months were 80.2%, 67.4%, and 21.5%, respectively. Women who had a cesarean delivery showed a lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding and any breastfeeding than those who had a vaginal delivery ( p < .05). In addition, cesarean delivery was related with using formula in the hospital and delayed breastfeeding initiation. Cesarean delivery also shortened the breastfeeding duration (hazard ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [1.06, 1.84]). Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should provide more breastfeeding skills to women who have a cesarean delivery and warn mothers about the dangers of elective cesarean section for breastfeeding practices.
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Uriell, Zannette, Alexandra Perry, Amanda Kee, and Landrus Burress. "Breastfeeding in the Navy: Estimates of Rate, Duration, and Perceived Support1." Military Medicine 174, no. 3 (March 2009): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-03-8807.
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Nguyen, Phung Thi Hoang, Ngoc Minh Pham, Khac Tan Chu, Dat Van Duong, and Dung Van Do. "Gestational Diabetes and Breastfeeding Outcomes: A Systematic Review." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 31, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539519833497.
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Studies of gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to breastfeeding are limited, while their findings are inconsistent. This systematic review was conducted to assess the associations between gestational diabetes and breastfeeding outcomes. An initial search of PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest identified 518 studies, and after applying the inclusion criteria, 16 studies were finally included in the review. Four studies reported that “exclusive/predominant/full breastfeeding” rates at discharge were lower in mothers with gestational diabetes than in those without gestational diabetes, and 2 studies showed a shorter duration of “exclusive/predominant breastfeeding” in the former than in the latter. However, most studies found no apparent difference in the rate of “breastfeeding initiation”, “any breastfeeding” duration, or “any breastfeeding” in hospital and at discharge between mothers with and without gestational diabetes. In summary, mothers with gestational diabetes were less likely to exclusively breastfeed their infants and may have a shorter breastfeeding duration than other mothers.
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Sherwood, William B., Dilini M. Kothalawala, Latha Kadalayil, Susan Ewart, Hongmei Zhang, Wilfried Karmaus, S. Hasan Arshad, John W. Holloway, and Faisal I. Rezwan. "Epigenome-Wide Association Study Reveals Duration of Breastfeeding Is Associated with Epigenetic Differences in Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 3569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103569.
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Several small studies have shown associations between breastfeeding and genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm). We performed a comprehensive Epigenome-Wide Association Study (EWAS) to identify associations between breastfeeding and DNAm patterns in childhood. We analysed DNAm data from the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort at birth, 10, 18 and 26 years. The feeding method was categorized as breastfeeding duration >3 months and >6 months, and exclusive breastfeeding duration >3 months. EWASs using robust linear regression were performed to identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in breastfed and non-breastfed children at age 10 (false discovery rate of 5%). Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified using comb-p. The persistence of significant associations was evaluated in neonates and individuals at 18 and 26 years. Two DMPs, in genes SNX25 and LINC00840, were significantly associated with breastfeeding duration >6 months at 10 years and was replicated for >3 months of exclusive breastfeeding. Additionally, a significant DMR spanning the gene FDFT1 was identified in 10-year-old children who were exposed to a breastfeeding duration >3 months. None of these signals persisted to 18 or 26 years. This study lends further support for a suggestive role of DNAm in the known benefits of breastfeeding on a child’s future health.
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Villalpando, Salvador, Samuel Flores-Huerta, Mardia Lopez-Alarcon, and Ignacia Cisneros-Silva. "Social and Biological Determinants of Lactation." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 17, no. 4 (December 1996): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659601700410.
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During the last decades breastfeeding rates have fallen to such a level that at least one million infant deaths annually have been attributed to the replacement of breastfeeding by formula-feeding. After the recent World Summit for Children, unprecedented efforts were targeted to reverse this trend. The evolution of breastfeeding patterns and related practices in Mexico is presented as a case study. Before the Baby-Friendly Hospital initiative, the rate of breastfeeding initiation and the average breastfeeding duration in Mexico were among the lowest in developing countries. The use of formula in hospitals was common. Knowledge about breastfeeding and awareness of its advantages were low among the public and health professionals. The International Code related to breastmilk substitutes became law, and the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative was included in the National Plan for Health in 1991. Formula manufacturers decided voluntarily to stop advertising their products. After five years, several surveys show noticeable changes in hospital policies and practices regarding breastfeeding promotion and improvement in the rate of breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity. Total duration of breastfeeding, public awareness, and mothers’ knowledge about the basics of breastfeeding are increasing. Despite continued inadequate post-partum support and counselling, and an inconsistent effectiveness in conveying to the public the benefits of breastfeeding, progress has been made in the last five years and will be reflected in improved infant health in the near future.
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Juan, Juan, Xiaosong Zhang, Xueyin Wang, Jun Liu, Yinli Cao, Ling Tan, Yan Gao, Yinping Qiu, and Huixia Yang. "Association between Skin-to-Skin Contact Duration after Caesarean Section and Breastfeeding Outcomes." Children 9, no. 11 (November 12, 2022): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9111742.
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We aimed to explore the association between skin-to-skin contact (SSC) duration after caesarean sections (CSs) and breastfeeding outcomes. A prospective study was conducted in four hospitals in China during January and August 2021. A total of 679 participants with singleton pregnancy who delivered by elective CS after 37 gestational weeks using epidural or spinal anesthesia were included. Logistic regression was applied to assess the association between SSC duration and early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), as well as the promoting factors for exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at hospital discharge. Immediate SSC after CSs was strongly associated with higher rates of EIBF (p < 0.001) and EBF at hospital discharge (p = 0.002). The EIBF rates increased with longer duration of SSC, with the at least 90 min SSC group having the highest EIBF rate (74.5%). Skin-to-skin contact durations of at least 90 min, 60–89 min and 30–59 min were significantly associated with 8.53 times (OR = 8.53, 95%CI: 4.94–14.72, Padj < 0.001), 8.04 times (95%CI: 4.68–13.80, Padj < 0.001) and 6.28 times (95%CI: 3.75–10.51, Padj < 0.001), respectively, higher EIBF rates compared to those without immediate SSC. After multiple-testing correction, the rates of EBF at hospital discharge were found to be independent of the duration of SSC (Padj = 0.12). Early initiation of breastfeeding was not a significant predictor of EBF. Our results suggested that SSC is important for EIBF in Chinese baby-friendly hospitals. Skin-to-skin contact should be practiced after CS to promote breastfeeding and providing SSC with longer duration is encouraged to obtain the full benefit; if it is not feasible, a minimum of 30 min SSC could achieve improved EIBF and EBF at discharge.
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Shefa, Jannatara, Mohammad Ferdous Ur Rahman, Mithun Alamgir, Md Abul Kalam Azad, and Rowsan Ara. "Awareness on Breast Feeding among Readymade Garments (RMG) Working Women in Dhaka city." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 21, no. 2 (February 3, 2013): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v21i2.13613.
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Back ground: Breast-feeding is the unique source of nutrition that plays an important role in the growth, development and survival of infants. There are lots of readymade garments working (RMG) women in Dhaka city who have poor facilities for their childs breast feeding which is not only a National issue but also an International issue. Objective: To identify the awareness on breast feeding among RMG working women in Dhaka city. Methods: Descriptive Cross Sectional study was conducted among RMG Women in Dhaka City, aged 1549 years. The study conducted in Readymade Garments factory at Mirpur Police station area in Dhaka city during the period of January 2009 to June 2009. The sample size for the cross sectional study was calculated by using Z test and it was 625. Result: About 94.5% of the mothers attempted breastfeeding. At 1 month, 71.6% were still breastfeeding, 49.6% continued to do so at 2 months, and 29.8% persisted till 4 months. By 6 months, the breastfeeding prevalence rate fell to 21.1%. The median duration of breastfeeding was 7.0 weeks and the mean duration was 12.7 weeks. The median duration of breastfeeding was shorter than the mean duration as the proportion of mothers who continued breastfeeding was smaller than that of mothers who stopped breastfeeding; and among those who persisted, their average duration were longer. Among the mothers who attempted breastfeeding, the shortest duration was 0.5 weeks, while 21.1% were still doing so at the end of 6 months. Conclusions: Many women would also find it useful to have more flexible working hours. In some work settings, giving women with young infants extra flexibility in work hours might be a low-cost and effective intervention DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v21i2.13613 Bangladesh J Medicine 2010; 21: 65-70
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Crippa, Beatrice Letizia, Lorenzo Colombo, Daniela Morniroli, Dario Consonni, Maria Enrica Bettinelli, Irene Spreafico, Giulia Vercesi, et al. "Do a Few Weeks Matter? Late Preterm Infants and Breastfeeding Issues." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020312.
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The late preterm infant population is increasing globally. Many studies show that late preterm infants are at risk of experiencing challenges common to premature babies, with breastfeeding issues being one of the most common. In this study, we investigated factors and variables that could interfere with breastfeeding initiation and duration in this population. We conducted a prospective observational study, in which we administered questionnaires on breastfeeding variables and habits to mothers of late preterm infants who were delivered in the well-baby nursery of our hospital and followed up for three months after delivery. We enrolled 149 mothers and 189 neonates, including 40 pairs of twins. Our findings showed that late preterm infants had a low rate of breastfeeding initiation and early breastfeeding discontinuation at 15, 40 and 90 days of life. The mothers with higher educational levels and previous positive breastfeeding experience had a longer breastfeeding duration. The negative factors for breastfeeding were the following: Advanced maternal age, Italian ethnicity, the feeling of reduced milk supply and having twins. This study underlines the importance of considering these variables in the promotion and protection of breastfeeding in this vulnerable population, thus offering mothers tailored support.
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Al-Imari, Lina, Susan Hum, Paul Krueger, and Sheila Dunn. "Breastfeeding During Family Medicine Residency." Family Medicine 51, no. 7 (July 5, 2019): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2019.759632.
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Background and Objectives: Canadian residents’ breastfeeding experiences have only been reported in studies that broadly explored pregnancy and parenthood. We sought to fully explore Canadian family medicine resident mothers’ breastfeeding experiences, and identify strategies to support workplace breastfeeding for future trainees. Methods: Using an online survey, University of Toronto family medicine residents who gave birth from 2010 through 2016 were queried about their exclusive and overall breastfeeding duration, barriers, and facilitators to workplace breastfeeding, and strategies to improve the breastfeeding experience for future resident mothers. Data were downloaded from Qualtrics software and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v.24.0. Subjective comments were examined and linked to quantitative findings. Results: Fifty-six of 179 eligible residents completed the survey (31% response rate). More than three-quarters of residents were on maternity leave for 7 to 12 months. All initiated breastfeeding, and 54% breastfed exclusively for 6 months. The median breastfeeding duration was 10 to 12 months. Almost two-thirds of residents were breastfeeding upon return to work, and all experienced barriers to workplace breastfeeding including lack of time, private space, and refrigeration for expressed milk. Lack of a workplace breastfeeding policy and inadequate support from supervisors or program directors were additional barriers. Peer mentorship and more breastfeeding education were identified as strategies to support future residents’ breastfeeding goals. Conclusions: Addressing long-standing barriers to workplace breastfeeding, and providing peer and educational supports were identified as strategies that could inform program policies to support future trainees’ breastfeeding goals and experiences.
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Li, Qing, Jianli Tian, Fenglian Xu, and Colin Binns. "Breastfeeding in China: A Review of Changes in the Past Decade." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 7, 2020): 8234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218234.
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This review summarizes breastfeeding rates in China reported during the decade 2007–2018, a decade on from our previous review published in 2007. Compared with the studies undertaken before 2007 in China, recent studies are more likely to report breastfeeding rates using longer periods of observation, enabling rates to be summarized to six and 12 months postpartum in this review. There appears to have been a modest increase in breastfeeding in China. The mean duration of “any breastfeeding” was 10 months (9 to 11 months in the majority of cities), an increase compared with the previous review in which the mean of “any breastfeeding” duration was 8 months (7 to 9 months in the majority of cities). Using data from cohort studies, the proportion of infants being breastfed at 4 months increased from 78% in the earlier decade to 83% more recently. A second baby is usually breastfed for longer than the first, considering both “any” and “exclusive breastfeeding”. China is a huge country and there is considerable diversity in culture, level of economic development, education and breastfeeding rates in different areas of China, but our review suggests that there has been some improvement in the “any breastfeeding” rate in the most recent decade.
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Foligno, S., A. Finocchi, G. Brindisi, A. Pace, P. Amadio, I. Dall’Oglio, A. Portanova, P. Rossi, A. Dotta, and G. Salvatori. "Evaluation of Mother’s Stress during Hospitalization Can Influence the Breastfeeding Rate. Experience in Intensive and Non Intensive Departments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041298.
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A mother’s milk offers several benefits to infant’s health, but, some factors may lead to a reduction in the duration of breastfeeding, such as maternal stress. The objective of our study is to determine if the rate of breastfeeding can be influenced by stress induced by infants’ hospitalization. A preliminary observational non-randomized study was carried out in Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital between October 2016 and January 2017, in order to elucidate a possible relationship between breastfeeding and maternal stress, linked to hospitalization. We modeled the modified version of the PSS NICU (Parental Stressor Scale—neonatal intensive care unit) questionnaire, which investigated parental stress during hospitalization. This included 33 items with a score from 0 to 5. The overall score, high stress, was established at 85 points or higher. The principal statistically significant correlation was between ‘high PSS score’ and reduced breastfeeding during hospitalization (p-value: 0.048; OR: 2.865, 95%; CI: 1.008–8.146). This relation was not influenced by other descriptive characteristics of the mother. The PSS questionnaire can be an instrument to evaluate the influence of stress in breastfeeding and to monitor the rate and success of lactation. Our study highlights that the stress from hospitalization could influence the success of breastfeeding, mostly in intensive settings and during long hospitalizations.
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Stark, Grace Emily. "Catholic Social Teaching and America's Suboptimal Breastfeeding Rate: Where Faith and Policy Should Meet to Combat Injustice." Linacre Quarterly 84, no. 4 (November 2017): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00243639.2017.1384268.
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Despite the numerous health benefits of breastfeeding, few American women breastfeed for the optimal duration of time. Reasons given for not following national and global institutional breastfeeding recommendations are various and multi-faceted. However, for many American women who would like to breastfeed, unjust historical, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors negatively impact their ability to breastfeed. Catholic social teaching seeks to protect the poor and the vulnerable by working for social and economic justice, encourages stewardship of the environment, and uplifts the family as the most important unit in society. As such, Catholic social teaching has clear implications for individuals and institutions seeking to make breastfeeding a more widespread, accepted practice. In response to the crisis in American rates of breastfeeding, American Catholic healthcare institutions should work to promote the just economic and social conditions necessary for American women to breastfeed their children, starting by implementing breastfeeding-friendly policies for patients and employees in their own institutions. Summary For many American women who would like to breastfeed, unjust historical, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors negatively impact their ability to breastfeed. Catholic social teaching has clear implications for individuals and institutions seeking to make breastfeeding a more widespread, accepted practice. Therefore, American Catholic healthcare institutions should work particularly hard to promote the just economic and social conditions necessary for American women to breastfeed their children, starting by implementing breastfeeding-friendly policies for patients and employees in their own institutions.
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Miller, Nancy H., David J. Miller, and Melissa Chism. "Breastfeeding Practices Among Resident Physicians." Pediatrics 98, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.3.434.
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Objective. To determine how employment as a resident physician (resident) affects breastfeeding practices and experiences. Design. Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Setting. US resident physicians in the second half of their postgraduate year three (PGY3). Participants. 1500 questionnaires were mailed at random to female 1990 graduates of American medical schools. After eliminating unusable surveys, an adjusted response rate of 45% produced 450 surveys; 60 delivered a child during residency. Interventions. None. Measurement/Main Results. Forty-eight (80%) of 60 residents who delivered initiated breastfeeding, and continued for the duration of their maternity leave (mean, 7 weeks). With a return to residency half (24) of those who had initiated breastfeeding discontinued breastfeeding. The breastfeeding rate dropped to 15% (9/60) at 6 months. Residency work schedule was the most common reason (80%) for discontinuing breastfeeding. Of the 24 residents who continued breastfeeding while working, 83% pumped breast milk during their work shifts; 79% felt there was insufficient time during work, and 42% reported no appropriate place at work to express milk. Only 54% who continued felt supported by their attending physicians for their efforts to breastfeed; 67% felt colleagues were supportive. Conclusions. The breastfeeding initiation rate for resident mothers was in compliance with the Healthy People 2000 guidelines, but the rate at infant age 6 months fell well below the goal of 50%. Modifiable factors in residents' work sites include both physical and emotional accommodations to encourage resident mothers to breastfeed.
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Babaee, Ebrahim, Babak Eshrati, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Majid Purabdollah, and Marzieh Nojomi. "Early Cessation of Breastfeeding and Determinants: Time to Event Analysis." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2020 (April 30, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3819750.
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Background. The onset of breastfeeding has a high success rate in most countries, but the time for termination of breastfeeding varies between countries. Objective. This survey was aimed to determine the effective factors on the early termination of breastfeeding. Methods. This study was conducted in 2018, in Iran. About 410 mothers were enrolled in the study. All considered factors were evaluated as factors influencing the continuity of breastfeeding. Survival analysis was used to analyze data. Results. The mean age of the mothers was equal to 29.48 ± 5.8 years. The frequency of termination of breastfeeding before the first 2 years was equal to 34%. The mean of breastfeeding duration was equal to 21.49 ± 5.3 months. The percentage of infants who had been breastfed for 24 months was equal to 65.8%. An infant’s birth weight (2500–4000 gr) (hazard ratio: 0.54), neonatal birth order (hazard ratio: 0.69), neonatal pathologic jaundice (hazard ratio: 1.52), starting time of using complementary food (hazard ratio: 2.45), using pacifier (hazard ratio: 2.82), and the status of using artificial milk (hazard ratio: 3.29) were significantly associated with cessation of breastfeeding before 24 months of age. The probability of termination of breastfeeding at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age was reported by 6%, 8%, 15%, and 34%, respectively. Conclusions. There were notifiable variations in breastfeeding rates both in national and international levels. Nevertheless, in this study, the mean of breastfeeding duration was longer compared to a number of countries and previous national studies.
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Victora, Cesar G. "Infection and Disease: The Impact of Early Weaning." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 17, no. 4 (December 1996): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659601700421.
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Although the protective effect of breastfeeding against infectious diseases has been long suspected, it has only recently been adequately quantified This article reviews the available epidemiologic evidence. Breastfeeding provides marked protection against diarrhoeal morbidity and severity (as measured by its duration, level of dehydration, or case-fatality rate), and mortality. This is true for acute watery diarrhoea as well as for dysentery and persistent diarrhoea. A dose-response pattern is observed: the risk level for children receiving both breastmilk and artificial milk is between that of exclusively breasfed children and that of completely weaned children. Even the introduction of water or herbal teas to a previously exclusively breasfed infant increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The protection is greatest for young infants, and the period immediately after weaning seems to carry the highest risk. Although breastfeeding does not seem to have an appreciable effect on the incidence of acute respiratory infections as a whole, there is evidence of an effect on the incidence of pneumonia, on the incidence of hospitalization for pneumonia, and on mortality from respiratory infections. The level of protection against pneumonia, however, is lower than that against diarrhoea. Breastfeeding also protects against onus media and other infections, including neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and bacteraemia, although the number of relevant studies is small. A simulation exercise shows that a 40% reduction in the prevalence of nonbreastfeeding would prevent up to 15% of diarrhoea deaths and 7% of pneumonia deaths occurring in regions with a short breastfeeding duration, such as urban Latin America. In regions where breastfeeding durations are longer, the emphasis should be on maintaining these high rates and increasing the proportion of young infants who are exclusively breastfed. The present review confirms that breastfeeding promotion is an essential child survival strategy.
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Sokou, Rozeta, Stavroula Parastatidou, Georgios Ioakeimidis, Evangelia-Filothei Tavoulari, Athanasia Makrogianni, Elina Isaakidou, Nicoletta Iacovidou, and Aikaterini Konstantinidi. "Breastfeeding in Neonates Admitted to an NICU: 18-Month Follow-Up." Nutrients 14, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 3841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183841.
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Introduction: The admission of neonates to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) has been identified as a primary inhibiting factor in the establishment of breastfeeding. The aims of this study were to (1) estimate the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding in infants/toddlers who had been admitted to an NICU in Greece and (2) to investigate factors, associated with the NICU stay, which affected the establishment and maintenance of breastfeeding in infants/toddlers previously admitted to the NICU. Materials and methods: Data for this cohort study were retrieved from interviews with mothers of infants/toddlers who had been admitted to our NICU as neonates during the period of 2017–2019. Interviews were conducted based on a questionnaire regarding the child’s nutrition from birth to the day of the interview, including previous maternal experience with breastfeeding. Information related to the prenatal period, gestation age, delivery mode, duration of NICU stay, and neonatal feeding strategies during their hospital stay were recorded. Results: The response rate to the telephone interviews was 57%, resulting in 279 mother–infant pairs being included in this study. The results showed that 78.1% of children received maternal milk during their first days of life. Of all infants, 58.1% were exclusively breastfed during their first month, with a gradual decrease to 36.9% and 19.4% by the end of the third and sixth months of life, respectively. The prevalence of breastfed children reached 14.7% and 7.5% at the ages of twelve and eighteen months, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, prematurity emerged as an independent prognostic factor for the duration of exclusive and any breastfeeding (aHR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.03–2.62; and 1.69, 95% CI: 1.05–2.72, respectively; p < 0.05). Additionally, the nationality of the mother, NICU breastfeeding experience, the administration of maternal milk during neonatal hospital stay, and previous breastfeeding experience of the mother were independent prognostic factors for the duration of breastfeeding. Conclusions: Although breastfeeding is a top priority in our NICU, the exclusive-breastfeeding rates at 6 months were quite low for the hospitalized neonates, not reaching World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Mothers/families of hospitalized neonates should receive integrated psychological and practical breastfeeding support and guidance.
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Hewage, Sumali S., Xin Yu Hazel Koh, Shu E. Soh, Wei Wei Pang, Doris Fok, Shirong Cai, Falk Müller-Riemenschneider, et al. "Breastfeeding Duration and Development of Dysglycemia in Women Who Had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence from the GUSTO Cohort Study." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020408.
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(1) Background: Breastfeeding has been shown to support glucose homeostasis in women after a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and is potentially effective at reducing long-term diabetes risk. (2) Methods: Data from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study were analyzed to understand the influence of breastfeeding duration on long-term dysglycemia (prediabetes and diabetes) risk in women who had GDM in the index pregnancy. GDM and dysglycemia four to seven years postpartum were determined by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A Poisson regression model with a robust error variance was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for dysglycemia four to seven years post-delivery according to groupings of the duration of any breastfeeding (<1, ≥1 to <6, and ≥6 months). (3) Results: Women who had GDM during the index pregnancy and complete breastfeeding information and OGTT four to seven years postpartum were included in this study (n = 116). Fifty-one women (44%) had postpartum dysglycemia. Unadjusted IRRs showed an inverse association between dysglycemia risk and ≥1 month to <6 months (IRR 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57, 1.43; p = 0.68) and ≥6 months (IRR 0.50; 95% CI 0.27, 0.91; p = 0.02) breastfeeding compared to <1 month of any breastfeeding. After adjusting for key confounders, the IRR for the ≥6 months group remained significant (IRR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22, 0.80; p = 0.008). (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that any breastfeeding of six months or longer may reduce long-term dysglycemia risk in women with a history of GDM in an Asian setting. Breastfeeding has benefits for mothers beyond weight loss, particularly for those with GDM.
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Herrán, Oscar F., Diana C. Álvarez, and Doris C. Quintero-Lesmes. "Dietary patterns and breast cancer in Colombia: an ecological study." International Health 12, no. 4 (November 6, 2019): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz085.
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Abstract Background The role that diet plays in the development of breast cancer is unclear and breast cancer continues to increase in Colombia and worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess the association between patterns of dietary consumption and the incidence of breast cancer. Methods An ecological study was conducted in 24 geodemographic units in which 95% of the women of Colombia live. The association between breast cancer rate (dependent variable) and three dietary patterns established with factor analysis (traditional/starch, fiber/dairy and snack) was investigated using simple and multiple linear regression. The use of variables related to socioeconomic context and the duration of breastfeeding allowed for the control of possible confounding. All information was derived from concurrent national surveys or was obtained directly over a period of time close to the period during which the study was conducted. Results There is an inverse relationship between breast cancer rate and illiteracy rate (β=−2808.3), duration of breastfeeding (β=−3354.1), adherence to traditional/fiber dietary patterns (β=−30467) and adherence to the snack dietary pattern (β=−43612). The goodness of fit for the model was R2=84%. Conclusions Increasing the duration of breastfeeding, ensuring education to promote health and following traditional food consumption patterns, regardless of what foods are consumed, can protect against the development of breast cancer.
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Netting, Merryn J., Najma A. Moumin, Emma J. Knight, Rebecca K. Golley, Maria Makrides, and Tim J. Green. "The Australian Feeding Infants and Toddler Study (OzFITS 2021): Breastfeeding and Early Feeding Practices." Nutrients 14, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010206.
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The Australian Feeding Infants and Toddler Study 2021 (OzFITS 2021) is a nationwide survey of Australian caregivers’ infant and toddler feeding practices. Here, we describe breastfeeding rates and duration, use of breastmilk substitutes, and introduction of complementary (solid) foods, including common food allergens. Caregivers (n = 1140) were recruited by a digital marketing company and were interviewed using a structured telephone questionnaire to obtain information. Breastfeeding was initiated in 98% of infants, but the duration of exclusive breastfeeding to six months was less than 1%. Nearly 40% of children continued to receive breastmilk beyond one year, with 10% of toddlers receiving breastmilk at two years. One-quarter of infants were introduced to solid foods between 4 to 5 months, and nearly all infants had received solid foods by 7 months. New guidelines encourage the early introduction of potential food allergens to reduce the risk of allergy, and by 12 months, over 90% of children had been given eggs and peanuts. One-third of children received no breastmilk substitutes during their first year. One-third of infants first received breastmilk substitutes following birth and before discharge from the hospital. Of these infants, 30% ceased breastmilk substitute use after discharge. Our findings suggest a high rate of continued breastfeeding with 44% receiving breastmilk beyond 1 year. One approach to increase the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is to reduce breastmilk substitute use while in hospital.
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Cervera-Gasch, Águeda, Desirée Mena-Tudela, Fatima Leon-Larios, Neus Felip-Galvan, Soukaina Rochdi-Lahniche, Laura Andreu-Pejó, and Víctor Manuel González-Chordá. "Female Employees’ Perception of Breastfeeding Support in the Workplace, Public Universities in Spain: A Multicentric Comparative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 6402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176402.
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Background: Despite scientific recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age and complementary breastfeeding to 2 years of age, breastfeeding abandonment rates increase with time, and one of the main reasons is that women go back to work. Aim: To analyze the perception of support of breastfeeding workers to continue breastfeeding at two Spanish universities, and associated factors. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cross-sectional comparative study conducted in a population of 777 female workers at the Universidad de Sevilla (US) and the Universitat Jaume I (UJI) in Spain using an online questionnaire. Results: The response rate was 38.74% (n = 301). Of all the participants, 57.8% continued breastfeeding after returning to work. The factors associated with continuing breastfeeding for longer were the university having a breastfeeding support policy and special accommodation (p < 0.001); participating in breastfeeding support groups (p < 0.001); intending to continue breastfeeding after returning to work (p < 0.001); knowing the occupational legislation in force (p = 0.009); having a female supervisor (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Breastfeeding support initiatives and having special accommodation to pump and preserve breast milk after returning to work are associated with a longer duration of female workers’ breastfeeding.
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Qian, Jiafen, Tingting Wu, Meina Lv, Zongwei Fang, Mingrong Chen, Zhiwei Zeng, Shaojun Jiang, Wenjun Chen, and Jinhua Zhang. "The Value of Mobile Health in Improving Breastfeeding Outcomes Among Perinatal or Postpartum Women: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): e26098. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26098.
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Background Breastfeeding is essential for maintaining the health of mothers and babies. Breastfeeding can reduce the infection rate and mortality in newborns, and can reduce the chances of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. For mothers, a longer duration of breastfeeding can reduce the risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Although breastfeeding has many benefits, the global breastfeeding rate is low. With the progress of time, the popularity of mobile devices has increased rapidly, and interventions based on mobile health (mHealth) may have the potential to facilitate the improvement of the breastfeeding status. Objective The main objective of this study was to analyze the existing evidence to determine whether mHealth-based interventions can improve the status of breastfeeding. Methods We systematically searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, WanFang, and Vip ) to identify eligible studies published from 1966 to October 29, 2020. Included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying the influence of mHealth on breastfeeding. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool was used to examine the risk of publication bias. RevMan 5.3 was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 15 RCTs with a total sample size of 4366 participates met the inclusion criteria. Compared with usual care, interventions based on mHealth significantly increased the postpartum exclusive breastfeeding rate (odds ratio [OR] 3.18, 95% CI 2.20-4.59; P<.001), enhanced breastfeeding self-efficacy (mean difference [MD] 8.15, 95% CI 3.79-12.51; P=.002; I2=88%), reduced health problems in infants (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43-0.90; P=.01; I2=0%), and improved participants’ attitudes toward breastfeeding compared with usual care (MD 3.94, 95% CI 1.95-5.92; P<.001; I2=0%). There was no significant difference in the initiation of breastfeeding within an hour of birth between the intervention group and the usual care group (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.55-2.90; P=.59). In addition, subgroup analysis was carried out according to different subjects and publication times. The results showed that the breastfeeding rate was not limited by the types of subjects. The breastfeeding rate based on mHealth at 1 month and 2 months after delivery did not change over the time of publication (2009 to 2020), and the breastfeeding rate based on mHealth at 3 months and 6 months after delivery gradually increased with time (2009 to 2020). Conclusions Interventions based on mHealth can significantly improve the rate of postpartum exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding efficacy, and participants’ attitudes toward breastfeeding, and reduce health problems in infants. Therefore, encouraging women to join the mHealth team is feasible, and breastfeeding-related information can be provided through simple measures, such as text messages, phone calls, and the internet, to improve the health of postpartum women and their babies.
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Shumbusho, Diane I., Calen W. Kucera, and Erin A. Keyser. "Maternity Leave Length Impact on Breastfeeding and Postpartum Depression." Military Medicine 185, no. 11-12 (November 1, 2020): 1937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa137.
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Abstract Introduction In January 2016, the U.S. Department of Defense increased the duration of paid maternity leave for active duty service members from 6 weeks to 12 weeks. Our study aims to determine the impact of maternity leave length on breastfeeding duration and postpartum depression rates in active duty service members. Materials and Methods An institutional review board-approved survey of 9 questions was given to patients at the Brooke Army Medical Center Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic. Patients were offered voluntary participation if they had delivered a baby while on active duty in the preceding 20 years. The survey included questions about length of maternity leave, duration of breastfeeding, age at delivery, route of delivery, and whether the patient suffered from postpartum depression. Results A total of 214 surveys were collected. Fisher exact test was used to compare rates of breastfeeding and postpartum depression between the 2 groups. A total of 87% of service members initiated breastfeeding. Among women who had 6 weeks versus 12 weeks of maternity leave, 51.64% versus 56.96% breastfed up to 6 months, p = 0.45. The overall rate of postpartum depression was 13.5%. Among women who had 6 weeks versus 12 weeks of maternity leave, 16.1% versus 9.5% reported postpartum depression, p = 0.11. Conclusion The ideal maternity leave duration is unknown. With recent changes to the Department of Defense maternity leave policy, we aimed to evaluate the effect this had on breastfeeding and postpartum depression rates. No statistically significant difference was seen when we compared rates of breastfeeding in women who had 6 weeks versus 12 weeks of maternity leave. Further research is required to determine the ideal maternity leave duration and best practices to promote breastfeeding. When looking at postpartum depression, our study shows that postpartum depression was noted in 16% of patients who took 6 weeks versus 9% of those who took 12 weeks of maternity leave. No statistically significant difference was seen; however, this was likely because of the small sample size. Only 29 out of 214 women suffered from depression regardless of length of maternity leave. More research is needed to determine if maternity leave length does indeed impact postpartum depression rates.
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Yohai, David, Debi Alharar, Ruthi Cohen, Zohar Kaltian, Barak Aricha-Tamir, Saviona Ben Aion, Zehava Yohai, and Adi Y. Weintraub. "The effect of attending a prenatal childbirth preparedness course on labor duration and outcomes." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 46, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2016-0345.
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AbstractObjective:To evaluate the effect of attending a prenatal childbirth preparation course (CPC) on labor duration and outcomes.Methods:A cross sectional study of 53 primiparous women who attended and 54 women who did not attend a CPC was conducted. The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) score was used to diagnose anxiety. Clinical and obstetrical data were collected from the perinatal database of our center. Through post-partum interviews, coping strategies were assessed, patients graded their childbirth experience and breastfeeding was evaluated. Data were analyzed using description analyses and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The STAI score was significantly lower in the study group compared with controls (P=0.025). The first stage and the entire duration of labor were significantly shorter (P=0.036 and P=0.026, respectively) in women who attended the CPC. No significant differences were found with regard to the mode of delivery, rate of episiotomy, use of analgesics and neonatal outcomes between the groups. Women in the study group rated their labor experience significantly higher (P=0.016) and exhibited significantly higher rates of breastfeeding (P<0.001) than controls.Conclusions:The knowledge acquired in the CPC has positive effects on the course of labor and delivery outcomes as well as higher rates of breastfeeding.
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Usheva, Natalya, Mina Lateva, Sonya Galcheva, Berthold V. Koletzko, Greet Cardon, Marieke De Craemer, Odysseas Androutsos, et al. "Breastfeeding and Overweight in European Preschoolers: The ToyBox Study." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 2880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082880.
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The benefits of breastfeeding (BF) include risk reduction of later overweight and obesity. We aimed to analyse the association between breastfeeding practices and overweight/obesity among preschool children participating in the ToyBox study. Data from children in the six countries, participating in the ToyBox-study (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland, and Spain) 7554 children/families and their age is 3.5–5.5 years, 51.9% were boys collected cross-sectionally in 2012. The questionnaires included parents’ self-reported data on their weight, height, socio-demographic status, and infant feeding practices. Measurements of preschool children’s weight and height were done by trained researchers using standard protocols and equipment. The ever breastfeeding rate in the total sample was 85.0% (n = 5777). Only 6.3% (n = 428) of the children from the general sample were exclusively breastfed (EBF) for the duration of the first six months. EBF for four to six months was significantly (p < 0.001) less likely among mothers with formal education < 12 years (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.61; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.44–0.85), smoking throughout pregnancy (adjusted OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.24–0.62), overweight before pregnancy (adjusted OR = 0.67; 95%CI 0.47–0.95) and ≤25 years old. The median duration of any breastfeeding was five months. The prevalence of exclusive formula feeding during the first five months in the general sample was about 12% (n = 830). The prevalence of overweight and obesity at preschool age was 8.0% (n = 542) and 2.8% (n = 190), respectively. The study did not identify any significant association between breastfeeding practices and obesity in childhood when adjusted for relevant confounding factors (p > 0.05). It is likely that sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with breastfeeding practices may have an impact on childhood obesity. The identified lower than desirable rates and duration of breastfeeding practices should prompt enhanced efforts for effective promotion, protection, and support of breastfeeding across Europe, and in particular in regions with low BF rates.
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Sharmin, Lazina, MAK Azad Chowdhury, Soofia Khatun, and Naser Ahmed. "Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding among Urban Mothers." Journal of Enam Medical College 6, no. 2 (June 21, 2016): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v6i2.27763.
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Background: Breastfeeding is the unique source of nutrition and it plays an important role in the growth, development and survival of the infants. The initiation of breastfeeding within one hour and continuation of only breast milk up to six months ensure maximum benefits. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Bangladesh is 56% which is low. We designed this study to find out the factors influencing the duration of breastfeeding in Bangladeshi population.Objective: To study the factors influencing noncompliance to exclusive breastfeeding.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Dhaka Shishu Hospital during the period January to June 2011. It includes 125 infant (112 months)-mother pairs randomly selected from the inpatient and outpatient departments of Dhaka Shishu Hospital. Mother-infant pairs were divided into two groups based on continuation of only breastfeeding up to six months. Outcomes were compared between two groups.Results: In this study exclusive breastfeeding was found in 27.2% and nonexclusive breastfeeding was in 72.8% cases. It was found that in most cases (40%) termination of breastfeeding was at 3--4 months. The study revealed that insufficient milk production due to poor position and attachment, social factors such as influence of husband and other family members, joining to service etc act as barrier to exclusive breastfeeding. Mass media and advice from health professionals had a higher influence on lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Women who were multiparous, housewives were more likely to maintain optimal breastfeeding.Conclusion: The present study reveals some important factors contributing to low rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Bangladesh.J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(2): 88-92
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Suryani, Lia, and Amrina Rosyada. "The Effect of Unintended Pregnancy Among Married Women on the Length of Breastfeeding in Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 11, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2020.11.2.136-149.
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The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia in 2017 is 35%, far below the recommendations of WHO (World Health Organization) of 50%. This rate is getting lower in unwanted pregnancies. Every year there is13.3% incidence of unwanted pregnancy in women aged 15-44 years. It has an impact on the mental, psychological condition of the mother in the process of child care and nutrition from birth. This study aims to determine the prevalence and relationship of unwanted pregnancy among married women on the duration of breastfeeding in Indonesia. This research wa a quantitative study using cross -sectional study design, a sample of 5,163 married women, and aged 15-49 years. Data were analyzed using univariate descriptive statistics on complex sample analysis, bivariate analysis using Chi-Square, and multivariate using logistic regression tests of risk factor models. This study showed that 1,267 mothers who breastfed <6 months and there was a relationship between the unwanted pregnancy with the duration of breastfeeding (p-value: 0.007 with PR: 1.349; 95% CI: 1.085-1.676) after been controlled by the use of contraception. The support of husband and health workers during pregnancy, childbirth until child care is needed to support breastfeeding
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DALLAZEN, Camila, and Márcia Regina VÍTOLO. "Excessive maternal weight and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among women of low socioeconomic status." Revista de Nutrição 30, no. 1 (February 2017): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652017000100007.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the impact of excessive maternal weight on the early discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding Methods: This is a longitudinal study including mother-infant dyads of low socioeconomic status receiving prenatal care in Health Care Centers in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A structured questionnaire was administered to women in the last trimester of pregnancy, including weight measurements. Another interview was conducted six months after delivery, and data on infant feeding practices were collected and maternal height was measured. Maternal nutritional status was assessed using body mass index values according to gestational age. Discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding before 4 months was considered a low duration rate Results: A total of 619 mother-infant dyads were evaluated. The prevalence of maternal overweight in the third trimester of pregnancy was 51%. The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 2.0 months. After adjustment for possible confounding factors, no association between maternal overweight and early discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding was identified. Maternal smoking was identified as a risk factor (1.23, 95%CI=1.13-1.35) for early discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding Conclusion: Excessive maternal weight was not confirmed as a risk factor for early discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding. However, women who reported being smokers had a higher risk of early discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding than those who did not smoke. This indicates the need for public health interventions to promote smoking cessation during pregnancy and in the postpartum period because of the deleterious effects of this habit on maternal and infant health.
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Ali, Mohamed Thabet, and Faiza M. Ali. "Prevalence and Maternal Concerns of Exclusive Breast Feeding in Libyan Women in Albaida City." AL-MUKHTAR JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 34, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v34i2.79.
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Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is strongly recommended by the World Health Organization, United Nation Children's Fund (UNICEF), and American Academy of Pediatrics during the first six months of life. Breastfeeding should continue up to two years for optimal growth and development while it is suggested to start supplementary foods beginning from the seventh month. The study aimed to determine the frequency and examine the affecting factors of EBF in infants who attended the pediatrics outpatient clinic in Althawra Hospital in Albaida city, Libya. A cross-sectional study was conducted in eight months period among 223 breastfeeding mothers, with infants aged 6-24 months, who attended the pediatrics Outpatient clinic. Mothers’ perceptions about breastfeeding, complementary feeding practices, and demographic characteristics were collected by interviews with them. EBF periods were 1-45 weeks, Median week was 17 weeks. Six months EBF rate was 32,28%. Younger mother (≤ 20) or older (≥35) ages, and mothers having chronic diseases had a shorter median week of EBF. The median duration of breastfeeding was 9 months (0-24 months). The most frequent reason of the early interruption of EBF was, according to mother’s perceptions, for having inadequate breast milk (50.3 %). The study indicates that the frequency of 6 months EBF (32,28%) and the median duration of breastfeeding (17 weeks) are low in Albaida. A local strategy must be developed to overcome mothers negative perceptions about EBF in the first 6 months of age.
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Ruxer, Deborah J., Tracy Brewer, Karen Mateer, Melissa Burkhardt, and Mary Shay. "The Impact of Increased Skin-to-Skin Contact With the Mother in Breastfeeding Neonates on Exclusive Breastfeeding at 4 and 8 Weeks Postpartum." Clinical Lactation 6, no. 2 (May 2015): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.6.2.75.
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Objective: To evaluate dose of skin-to-skin (STS) contact as a nursing intervention to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding after dischargeDesign: A descriptive correlational studySetting: A Level II maternity unit in OhioParticipants: Women who had a vaginal delivery of a term, well newborn, with intent to exclusively breastfeedMethods: Newborns were placed STS with their mothers at birth. Mothers were encouraged to maintain frequent STS with their newborns while in the hospital, and kept a log of STS time. A lactation consultant made follow-up phone calls at 4 weeks and 8 weeks postpartum to assess breastfeeding exclusivity. Spearman rho was used to analyze the data.Results: Duration of STS was not correlated with exclusive breastfeeding at either 4 weeks or 8 weeks postpartum. However, early STS was correlated with exclusive breastfeeding at 4 weeks postpartum.
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Kumari, Suman, Anita Gupta, and Uday S. Annapure. "Knowledge and Practice of Breastfeeding and Infant Feeding Practices among Different Socio-Economic Mothers from Ghazipur Region in East Delhi." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 5 (May 10, 2022): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220515.
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Background: Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and continued for two years or more protects the infant from infectious and chronic degenerative diseases in the future. The knowledge, attitude, and practice of breastfeeding and infant feeding practices among mothers are important to prevent these comorbidities. Research aim(s)/question(s): The present study aimed -to assess the knowledge and practice of breastfeeding and infant feeding practices among mothers of different socio-economic status in a region of Delhi. Methods: The study was a cross sectional study conducted among postpartum mothers having children below 1.5 years. Results: Around 52% of the mothers were exclusively breastfeeding, 62% experienced skin-to-skin & breastfeeding within an hour after delivery. The majority of the mothers knew the importance of colostrum for their babies and were aware that no prelacteal feed was needed for the initial 6 months. There was an association between exclusive breastfeeding and mother’s age, baby age, breastfeeding support group, and family income (p<0.05). Low family income has a positive effect on breastfeeding duration. Conclusion(s): It was found that the breastfeeding rate is still less in the present study therefore different information, education and communication activities need to be planned to target all the strata to fill the gaps in knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among mothers. Key words: breastfeeding; cross-sectional; infant feeding; postpartum; colostrum; prelacteals.
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Namchaitaharn, Suntaree, Naphatchamon Pimpiwan, and Suchaorn Saengnipanthkul. "Breastfeeding Promotion and Nursing Care for Infants with Cleft Palate and/or Cleft Lip in Northeastern Craniofacial Center, Thailand." Open Nursing Journal 15, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874434602115010149.
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Background: The common feeding problems in infants with Cleft Palate (CP) and/or Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) are the inability to suck and swallow breastmilk. Difficulties in feeding may compromise normal growth and disrupt the bonding process. Objective: To evaluate the treatment and breastfeeding rate in infants with CP and CLP. Methods: A retrospective study of infants with CP and CLP who were admitted to the postpartum ward between July 2017 and June 2019 was conducted. Demographic data, type of feeding, nursing activities, and duration of breastfeeding after discharge were collected. Results: A total of 35 infants were included in the study. Twenty-seven cases were non-syndromic complete CLP (77.2%). On admission only 15 infants (42.8%) received breastmilk and alternative feeding techniques were applied for 26 (74.3%) infants. Breastfeeding promotion and nursing care were provided to mothers and infants by an interdisciplinary team at the Craniofacial Center. The median Length of Stay (LOS) was 8 days (range 5-9 days) and infants born at the affiliated hospital (inborn) had a significantly shorter LOS compared to infants referred from other health centers (p=0.019). None of the inborn groups received infant formula. The breastfeeding rate in all groups was 100% at discharge. Exclusive breastfeeding rates at 2-, 4-, and 6-months follow-up were 82.8%, 42.8%, and 31.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Breastfeeding promotion, education, and nursing care from an interdisciplinary team resulted in an improved ability of mothers to breastfeed infants with CLP, particularly in non-syndromic CLP. The exclusive breastfeeding rate after 6-months in this study was higher than in previous studies.
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Belawati, Yeny Ristaning. "Efektivitas Inisiasi Menyusui Dini (Imd) dan Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilannya: Tinjauan Literatur." Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmki.9.1.2021.53-58.
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Background UNICEF and WHO estimate that if all babies were breastfed for at least the first six months of their lives, morbidity and malnutrition rates would significantly decrease worldwide. both of these organizations promote the policy of initiating early breastfeeding by campaigning for a baby-friendly hospital policy, one of which encourages early breastfeeding initiation to be carried out. The aim of our study is to review the available evidence regarding the positive effects of early breastfeeding initiation on the success of exclusive breastfeeding, to suggest the most appropriate strategy to support it.Research Methods The research taken was research published in 2000-2019, obtained through major databases such as PubMed, Google Schoolar, and then examined to obtain original documents. Research searches related to the effectiveness of early initiation initiation (IMD) and the factors that influence it use the main terms "early initiation of breastfeeding", "effectivity" and "determinants of". A total of 31 literature conclusions and results of research in making this review. The 31 selected literatures have met the specified inclusion criteria.The Result Giving breastfeeding initiation is best done no later than 1 hour postpartum. IMD (initiation of early breastfeeding) is effective in stimulating milk production, producing antibody protection, reducing postpartum maternal bleeding, and in the long term affecting the duration of breastfeeding. IMD has also been studied as having the effect of reducing neonatal mortality by preventing morbidity such as diarrhea, pneumonia, UTI, meningitis and neonatal sepsis. Factors that influence the success of IMD include geographical, socioeconomic, individual health, education and maternal knowledge about IMD, duration of labor, maternal employment, hospital policy, support from health workers, labor delivery, gestational age, and maternal health conditions.Conclusions Breastfeeding initiation has been extensively studied increasing the success of exclusive breastfeeding and contributing to the reduction in infant mortality caused by infection. However, the success rate of breastfeeding initiation in several developing countries in the world still varies. Many factors influence the success of breastfeeding initiation, which still need to involve health promotion, because the implementation of breastfeeding initiation needs to involve many parties, in addition to the general public as well as to health workers who are tasked with helping in the maternity unit.
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Maria Porto Machado, Uliana, Ehrika Vanessa Almeida de Menezes, Rebeca Carvalho Caetano Aguiar, and Márcia Maria Tavares Machado. "A INFLUÊNCIA DO DESMAME PRECOCE NO RISCO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA OBESIDADE INFANTIL- REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA." Revista Científica Semana Acadêmica 10, no. 224 (July 27, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35265/2236-6717-224-12197.
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The growth of childhood obesity in recent years has been a major concern for society and the government. Studies show that shorter duration of breastfeeding and early introduction of solid foods or formulas before 5 months of age have been associated with faster rate of weight gain. This review analyzes, in recent literature, the impact of early weaning on the development of childhood obesity. The results showed an association between breastfeeding duration and exogenous factors such as physical activity, eating habits, area of origin, and obese family members on the nutritional status of the child. It can be concluded from the analyzed studies that the early abandonment of breastfeeding can corroborate the development of childhood obesity (p<0.05). Only 1 article showed no statistical relevance between early weaning and development of childhood overweight. According to the evaluation of methodological quality based on the GRADE system, the articles found were found to be weak, thus indicating the need for more observational studies with greater accuracy and reduction of methodological flaws.
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Królak-Olejnik, Barbara, Ilona Błasiak, and Anna Szczygieł. "Promotion of breastfeeding in Poland: the current situation." Journal of International Medical Research 45, no. 6 (October 30, 2017): 1976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060517720318.
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Objective Exclusive breastfeeding is safe and beneficial for healthy infants; it is the optimal feeding method during the first 6 months of life. Infants should be complementary fed in conjunction with breastfeeding until 12 months of age or longer. The aim of the present study was to analyse the duration of breastfeeding through 12 months of age. Methods Participants were 1679 women from 42 randomly selected hospitals in Poland. The data were obtained from surveys, including a paper and pencil interview that was conducted after mothers delivered in the hospital and before discharge. Computer aided telephone interviews were administered at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months. Results There was a high rate of initiating breastfeeding after birth (97%), a rapid abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding (43.5% at 2 months, 28.9% at 4 months and 4% at 6 months) and an onset of formula feeding during the first days of life, which is contrary to current recommendations. Conclusions It is necessary re-educate mothers, medical staff who care for mothers and children during the perinatal period, and other specialists.
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Nguyen, Phung Thi Hoang, Colin W. Binns, Cong Luat Nguyen, Anh Vo Van Ha, Khac Tan Chu, Dat Van Duong, Dung Van Do, and Andy H. Lee. "Physical Activity During Pregnancy is Associated with Improved Breastfeeding Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101740.
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Physical activity is important for health, but little is known about associations between physical activity during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to investigate any association between antenatal physical activity and breastfeeding duration. A prospective cohort of 2030 Vietnamese women, recruited between 24 and 28 week-gestation was followed up to twelve months postpartum. Physical activity was determined using the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire at baseline interview. Data was available for 1715 participants at 12 months, a 15.5% attrition rate. At 12 months 71.8% of mothers were still breastfeeding. A total of 20.9% women met physical activity targets and those mothers undertaking higher levels of physical activity had a lower risk of breastfeeding cessation by twelve months [hazard ratios HR = 0.59 (95% CI 0.47–0.74), p < 0.001, and HR = 0.74 (0.60–0.92), p = 0.006; respectively] when compared to the lowest tertile. Similarly, women with increased levels of physical activity have higher rates of breastfeeding at twelve months, compared to the lowest level [odds ratio OR = 1.71 (95% CI 1.29–2.25) and 1.38 (1.06–1.79)]. Higher levels of physical activity by pregnant women are associated with improved breastfeeding outcomes.
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Cozma-Petruţ, Anamaria, Lorena Filip, Roxana Banc, Oana Mîrza, Laura Gavrilaş, Daniela Ciobârcă, Ioana Badiu-Tişa, Simona Codruţa Hegheş, Cristian Olimpiu Popa, and Doina Miere. "Breastfeeding Practices and Determinant Factors of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers of Children Aged 0–23 Months in Northwestern Romania." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 3998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113998.
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In terms of breastfeeding (BF) practices in Romania, there is a lack of up-to-date data. The aim of the present study was to assess current BF practices, and to investigate the factors associated with exclusive BF (EBF) under 6 months of age in northwestern Romania. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data among 1399 mothers of children aged 0–23 months, recruited between March and June 2019, from the community. BF practices were evaluated based on the World Health Organization indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices, whereas determinants of EBF were explored using logistic regression models. Almost all mothers (95.7%) breastfed their child at least once. The EBF rate was 46.7%, the continued BF rate at one year of age was 54.2%, and the continued BF rate at 2 years of age was 30.3%. The place of delivery and parental leave duration were strong determinants of EBF. The improving rates observed in this study for all the BF practices assessed suggest the continuation of efforts to develop effective national policies and programs for promoting, protecting, and supporting BF in Romania. Particular emphasis should be given to the creation in maternity hospitals of an environment that is supportive towards breastfeeding.
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Munguía, Mishel Unar, Susana Lozano Esparza, Dalia Stern, Mónica Mazariegos Posadas, Ruy López Ridaura, and Martin Lajous. "Breastfeeding Duration and the Risk of All-Cause and Breast Cancer Mortality Among Parous Women From the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 1 (March 2018): 27s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.21000.
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Abstract 79 Purpose Women who have breastfed have a lower risk of breast and ovarian cancer and other chronic diseases. Currently, breast cancer has become the leading cause of death from cancer in Mexican women. In Mexico, exclusive breastfeeding rates have declined one third in the last decade, and only 35% of women breastfed at least 1 year, which provides a unique scenario in which to analyze breastfeeding and mortality. The aim of the current study was to estimate the impact of lifetime breastfeeding duration on the risk of all-cause and breast cancer mortality in Mexican women. Methods We analyzed parous women who were enrolled in a Mexican Teachers’ Cohort since 2006 and observed over 10 years. Months of breastfeeding per pregnancy were self-reported at baseline. We categorized participants according to the accumulated duration of any mode of breastfeeding (never, < 6 months, 6 to 11 months, 12 to 23 months, and ≥ 24 months). Deaths were identified using the employer’s database and next of kin reports, and the date and cause of death were obtained from national mortality databases. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for baseline age, parity (one, two, three, and four or more children), age at first birth (< 20, 20 to 24, 25 to 29, and ≥ 30 years), BMI at age 18 years (≤ 25 or > 25), socioeconomic level (tertiles), and smoking (current, past, and never) to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Results Mean age at baseline was 43 ± 7 years. Over 767,600 person-years of follow-up, 952 all-cause deaths and 92 breast cancer deaths occurred among 92,794 parous women. Mean age at death was 57 ± 7 years. The incidence rate per 1,000 person-years of all-cause mortality was 1.8 for women who did not breastfeed, 1.18 (< 6 months), 1.21 (6 to 11 months), 1.01 (12 to 23 months), and 1.26 (≥ 24 months). HRs for all-cause mortality among parous women with lifetime breastfeeding of < 6 months was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.97), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.70 to 1.05) for 6 to 11 months, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.94) for 12-23 months, and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.69 to 1.10) for > 24 months compared with parous women who never breastfed. No dose-response relationship was found when comparing HRs of the different categories of breastfeeding. HR for breast cancer mortality for women who ever breastfed compared with parous women who never breastfed was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.45 to 1.33). Conclusion Breastfeeding among parous Mexican women was associated with lower all-cause mortality. Breastfeeding could potentially reduce premature deaths in women. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.