Journal articles on the topic 'Breastfeeding Cross-cultural studies'
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1
Wong, Peter, Rosemary Moodie, David Dai, Jonathon Maguire, Catherine Birken, Patricia Parkin, and Cory Borkhoff. "DOES BREASTFEEDING DURATION INFLUENCE FAMILY FOOD INSECURITY?" Paediatrics & Child Health 23, suppl_1 (May 18, 2018): e6-e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy054.016.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Across all demographics, families without consistent access to adequate food place children at health risk. Consequences may persist beyond early life into adulthood. Public policy positions breastfeeding, the ideal nutrition for infants, as an important solution to reducing family food insecurity (FFI). However, few studies have investigated the association between breastfeeding duration and FFI. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between total breastfeeding duration and FFI in Canadian urban children. DESIGN/METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted of children aged 0–2 years, from a practice-based child research network. Total breastfeeding duration was collected from parent-reported questionnaires. FFI was measured using 2-item food insecurity and validated 1-item NutriSTEP screens. Multivariable regression analysis was performed adjusting for pre-specified covariates. RESULTS Among 3838 children, the mean total breastfeeding duration was 10.6 months (SD=6.7). Families with food insecurity (14.7%) had increased odds of younger mothers, more males and older and more children. In adjusted model, breastfeeding duration was not associated with FFI (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.01). Low-income families were 9 times more likely to be family food insecure than high-income families (p=0.00). CONCLUSION Contrary to public policy, our study found no association between breastfeeding and family food insecurity (FFI). However, other factors may predominate, in particular family income and structure. Given the detrimental impact of FFI, further research is needed to understand the role of infant feeding practices within the larger political, policy and cultural framework.
2
Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie, Nigussie Tadesse Sharew, and Sisay Mulugeta Alemu. "Evidence on the effect of gender of newborn, antenatal care and postnatal care on breastfeeding practices in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis andmeta-regression analysis of observational studies." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e023956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023956.
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ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association of gender of newborn, antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) with timely initiation of breast feeding (TIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices in Ethiopia.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesTo retrieve all available literature, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, WHO Global Health Library, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases were systematically searched and complemented by manual searches. The search was done from August 2017 to September 2018.Eligibility criteriaAll observational studies including cross-sectional, case-control, cohort studies conducted in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2018 were included. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of included studies.Data extraction and synthesisStudy area, design, population, number of mothers (calculated sample size and participated in the study) and observed frequency data were extracted using Joanna Briggs Institute tool. To obtain the pooled effect size, a meta-analysis using weighted inverse variance random-effects model was performed. Cochran’s Q X2test, τ2and I2statistics were used to test heterogeneity, estimate amount of total/residual heterogeneity and measure variability attributed to heterogeneity, respectively. Mixed-effects meta-regression analysis was done to identify possible sources of heterogeneity. Egger’s regression test at p value threshold ≤0.01 was used to examine publication bias. Furthermore, the trend of evidence over time was examined by performing a cumulative meta-analysis.ResultsOf 523 articles retrieved, 17 studies (n=26 146 mothers) on TIBF and 24 studies (n=17 819 mothers) on EBF were included in the final analysis. ANC (OR=2.24, 95% CI 1.65 to 3.04, p<0.001, I2=90.9%), PNC (OR=1.86, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.47, p<0.001, I2=63.4%) and gender of newborn (OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.68, p=0.04, I2=81.7%) significantly associated with EBF. ANC (OR=1.70, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.65, p=0.02, I2=93.1%) was also significantly associated with TIBF but not with gender of newborn (OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.21, p=0.82, I2=66.2%).ConclusionsIn line with our hypothesis, gender of newborn, ANC and PNC were significantly associated with EBF. Likewise, ANC was significantly associated with TIBF. Optimal care during pregnancy and after birth is important to ensure adequate breast feeding. This meta-analysis study provided up-to-date evidence on breastfeeding practices and its associated factors, which could be useful for breastfeeding improvement initiative in Ethiopia and cross-country and cross-cultural comparison.Trial registration numberCRD42017056768
3
Nyanga, NM, C. Musita, A. Otieno, and D. Kaseje. "Factors influencing knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Nyando District, Kenya." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12, no. 54 (October 19, 2012): 6632–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.54.9530.
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The overall objective of this study was to determine factors influencing the knowledge and practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding1 (EBF) among lactating mothers with infants aged zero2 to six months at Ahero Sub District Hospital in Nyando District, Kenya. A cross- sectional design was conducted to 117 breastfeeding mothers at Ahero Sub-District Hospital at Maternal Child Health clinic; these were selected consecutively until the desired sample was attained. The independent variables were maternal education, marital status, both maternal and child age, maternal employment status, health factors (place of delivery and maternal chronic illness), and cultural beliefs while dependent variables included EBF practice and mothers’ knowledge of EBF3 (awareness of EBF and its benefits), pre lacteal feeds and exclusive breastfeeding consistency. Exclusiveness was measured in time initiated (30 minutes initiation after birth) Data were collected by trained enumerators who administered a structured questionnaire. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) by running frequencies and cross tabulation. Chi square test was used to check for strength of association between variables at 95% confidence level. The study found that there was low EBF practice (33%) in the area and this posed a great concern. It was established that marital status, employment, maternal education, place of delivery and both infant and mothers’ age were closely associated with knowledge and practice of EBF. Marital status and employment were strong predictors of both knowledge and practice which showed statistical significance of P= 0.02 and P=0.00, respectively. It was evident that family support is a key factor in the success of EBF with special focus on partner involvement. Actions to empower women and promotion of EBF campaign are recommended to achieve the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) and probably reduce infant mortality in the area. Further studies are required to assess the impact of a strong focused educational program (focused on building family support) on improving EBF rates.
4
Prentice, Ann. "Constituents of Human Milk." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 17, no. 4 (December 1996): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659601700406.
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Breastmilk contains all the nutrients required by the newborn baby. It also contains non-nutritional components that may promote infant health, growth, and development, such as antimicrobial factors, digestive enzymes, hormones, trophic factors, and growth modulators. In some situations, breastmilk may also contain harmful components, such as pollutants, drugs, allergens, and viruses. Human milk has a unique composition, which differs from that of other mammals in its ingredients and their concentrations. Breastmilk composition is not constant and varies with stage of lactation, breastfeeding pattern, season, and parity. It also differs among individuals and among communities, for reasons that are not well understood. Maternal nutrition is an obvious candidate, but the situation is complex. Supplementation studies and cross-cultural comparisons have demonstrated that the total concentrations of fat, protein, and lactose are relatively insensitive to current dietary intake and nutritional status, whereas the fatty acid profile and the concentrations of several micronutrients, particularly water-soluble vitamins, are responsive to maternal diet. For many infants, nutrient intake from breastmilk becomes insufficient after four to six months, and other foods should be added to the diet. Nevertheless, breastmilk can continue to be a valuable nutrient source and to provide non-nutritional factors even for older children. Consequently, breastfeeding for one to two years as part of a mixed diet has many advantages, particularly for children living in impoverished circumstances.
5
Kinney, Rachel, Noah Praamsma, Amy Malinowski, Tricia Cassi, and Erin Hennessy. "Exploring Acceptance and Understanding of Inclusive Language in the Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac061.059.
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Abstract Objectives Inclusive language has come to the forefront of the conversation in human lactation research as a way to increase the use of essential health services by marginalized groups. While there has been a call to action to adopt inclusive language in human lactation research, few studies have assessed understanding and acceptability of inclusive language. This pilot study, conducted in partnership with the Vermont Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) agency, sought to fill this gap. Methods The Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool (BAPT) is a reliable, valid instrument to assess breastfeeding sentiment, social and professional support, and perceived behavioral control. In 2021, the study team revised original survey language primarily to limit the use of gender-exclusive terms; 7 out of the 27 questions were revised (e.g., ‘mothers’ became ‘parents’ and ‘breastmilk’ became ‘human milk’). The team intended to update language without interfering with the interpretation of survey items in a way that could affect BAPT scores. A convenience sample of WIC participants (n = 16) completed the 2021 Revised BAPT survey, then cross-cultural cognitive interviews assessed participants’ understanding of the revised language and explored reactions to other inclusive language terminology. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and transcriptions were analyzed in NVivo using grounded theory principles. Results Cognitive interviews revealed that participants understood and accepted inclusive language in the 2021 Revised BAPT survey when it better reflected their own situation or when they believed it would better reflect the diversity of others’ situations. While the term ‘breastfeeding’ was preferred by most in comparison to gender-inclusive options, adding ‘chestfeeding’ alongside ‘breastfeeding’ in survey questions was generally well-understood by participants and may better support people who identify as LGBTQ + . Conclusions Cognitive interviews with Vermont WIC participants suggest that the updated inclusive BAPT language is generally understandable and accepted. Inclusive language may be especially important in increasing feelings of inclusivity and health-seeking behavior in the LGBTQ + population, and more research on this is recommended. Funding Sources USDA Food and Nutrition Service (FNS).
6
Lubala, Toni Kasole, Olivier Mukuku, Augustin Mulangu Mutombo, Nina Lubala, Frank Nduu Nawej, Paul Makan Mawaw, and Oscar Numbi Luboya. "Infant feeding practices in urban and rural southern Katanga communities in Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Medical Research 2, no. 3 (June 25, 2016): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2016.2306.
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Introduction: The results of previous scientific studies made in China and Vietnam have shown a big difference in feeding practices of children living in rural areas and those living in urban areas suggesting the influence of economic and socio-cultural factors. The aim of the study is to compare feeding practices of children under the age of five years between urban and rural areas in southern Katanga in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Central Africa). Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study of 1630 mother infant pairs recruited from 250 randomly chosen households from each of 5 different villages near the town of Lubumbashi and two urban areas (Lubumbashi and Kampemba). Results: The proportions of mothers who initiate breastfeeding within one hour after birth in urban and rural areas were respectively 48.3% and 46.0% (ORa: 1.32; CI95%: 1.01-1.72). 44.2% of the mother in urban areas exclusively breastfed their children until the age of 6 months versus 14.5% in rural areas (p<0.001). The average age of the children when they stopped breastfeeding was 16.4 months in urban areas versus 17.9 months in rural areas (p<0.001). 91.3% of first foods given in urban areas were cereals (p<0.001) versus 86.8% in rural areas. Conclusion: The study showed that mothers living in rural areas breastfeed longer than those who live in urban areas. Moreover, our results show that mother in rural areas use infant formulas and introduce solid, semi-solid or soft food sooner and more often than women in urban areas.
7
Sinha, Richa, Rakesh Kakkar, and S. D. Kandpal. "A Study on the Feeding Practices among Under-Five Children in Urban Slum dwellers of District Dehradun, India." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 15, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v15i1.18477.
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Background: Breast milk feeding is the first fundamental right of the child. However, there are many cultural practices associated with infant feeding of which certain undesirable practices need to be discouraged.Objectives: To assess the feeding practices of under five year children in urban slum and to determine the factors influencing it, if any.Methodology: Community based analytical cross sectional study was conducted in urban slums amongst mothers over one-year period. A house to house survey was conducted and Data was collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire on breastfeeding practices & data pertaining to breastfeeding practices was asked in detail from mothers of babies who were breastfed.Results: A total of 381 children were studied. A total of 87.0% of the children were delivered at health facilities and the rest at home. 65.9% received prelacteal feed in the form of water, infant milk formula, cow milk and honey. Most of the children (54.1%) received breast milk within 24 hrs of birth. 95.0% received colostrum and 67.2% received exclusive breast feeding for 6 months. It was observed that children who were exclusively breastfed for six months were found to be better nourished (51.3%).Conclusions: Majority of the mothers were practicing exclusive breast feeding, however a significant proportion of children was deprived of timely initiation of breast feeding. About 2/3 of the mothers were still practicing pre-lacteal feeds to their children. The study documents that there was significantly increased risk of PEM if the child is not exclusive breastfed for 6 months.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.15-19
8
Ozkaya, Meltem, Oznur Korukcu, and Ingvild Aune. "Breastfeeding attitudes of refugee women from Syria and influencing factors: a study based on the transition theory." Perspectives in Public Health, November 23, 2020, 175791392096452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757913920964520.
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Aims: This review was designed to systematically examine studies that determine the breastfeeding attitudes of Syrian mothers, and factors influencing their breastfeeding behavior. Methods: Studies published between 2010 and 2020 were examined using ‘Syria OR Syrian mother OR Syrian refugee AND breastfeeding OR breastfeeding practices OR intention OR attitudes OR exclusive breastfeeding’ as keywords on PubMed, GoogleScholar, MEDLINE, Scopus, ProQuest, National Thesis Center, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and CINAHL; and five publications meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The researchers independently used JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies and JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses, developed by Joanna Briggs Institute, to assess the methodological quality. Results: A total of 6546 studies were accessed as a result of the literature review. Five studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Women who are in this process experience a developmental and situational transition according to the framework of Meleis’ theory. Factors affecting their breastfeeding attitudes were grouped under three main and four sub-themes. It was determined that personal factors (socioeconomic factors, cultural beliefs, the significance of breastfeeding practice, preparation), factors related to the immediate environment and social factors affect these women’s attitudes toward breastfeeding. Conclusion: It was found that most of the Syrian women had positive attitudes toward breastfeeding; however, the breastfeeding duration was less than 6 months for most of the refugees. Furthermore, according to the results of the studies, refugee women from Syria who did not receive social support from their spouses and relatives stopped breastfeeding.
9
Lackey, Kimberly A., Bethaney D. Fehrenkamp, Ryan M. Pace, Janet E. Williams, Courtney L. Meehan, Mark A. McGuire, and Michelle K. McGuire. "Breastfeeding Beyond 12 Months: Is There Evidence for Health Impacts?" Annual Review of Nutrition 41, no. 1 (June 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-043020-011242.
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Because breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and other benefits for infants (e.g., lower risk of infectious disease) and benefits for mothers (e.g., less postpartum bleeding), health organizations recommend that healthy infants be exclusively breastfed for 4 to 6 months in the United States and 6 months internationally. Recommendations related to how long breastfeeding should continue, however, are inconsistent. The objective of this article is to review the literature related to evidence for benefits of breastfeeding beyond 1 year for mothers and infants. In summary, human milk represents a good source of nutrients and immune components beyond 1 year. Some studies point toward lower infant mortality in undernourished children breastfed for >1 year, and prolonged breastfeeding increases interbirth intervals. Data on other outcomes (e.g., growth, diarrhea, obesity, and maternal weight loss) are inconsistent, often lacking sufficient control for confounding variables. There is a substantial need for rigorous, prospective, mixed-methods, cross-cultural research on this topic. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
10
Kinabo, Joyce L., Akwilina W. Mwanri, Peter S. Mamiro, Kissa Kulwa, Nyamizi H. Bundala, Janeth Picado, John Msuya, et al. "Infant and young child feeding practices on Unguja Island in Zanzibar, Tanzania: a ProPAN based analysis." Tanzania Journal of Health Research 19, no. 3 (August 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v19i3.5.
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Background: Undernutrition in children has remained a challenge despite the success achieved in reduction of other childhood diseases in Zanzibar. Most empirical studies on infants and young child feeding (IYCF) have examined nutritional value of foods fed to the children in terms of energy and micronutrient content. Little is known on the role of culture, traditions and social norms in influencing IYCF practices. This study aimed at assessing the existing IYCF practices and socio-cultural factors influencing these practises using ProPAN tool to get an in-depth understanding of the mothers’ practices with respect to exclusive breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding.Methods: A cross sectional study involving mothers/caregivers was conducted using semi-structured interviews and opportunistic observations on Unguja Island, Zanzibar. A random selection of 36 Shehias and 213 households with children 0 – 23 months old was done proportional-to-size of Shehias and children. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using the ProPAN tool and embedded software for analyses.Results: A total of 213 of mothers/caregivers were involved in the study. Almost all new-borns were fed colostrum (96%). Proportion of mothers who initiated breastfeeding within one hour after giving birth was 63%. About 24% of the women practiced exclusive breastfeeding and 21% of the children were given pre-lacteal feeds 2-3 days after birth. The mean age of introduction of complementary foods was four months. Responsive feeding was not practiced by some mothers as 31% of the children 12-23 months of age were left to eat alone without any support from caregivers. The common reasons for non-adherence to the recommended feeding practices were related to income and socio-cultural norms which are strong in the community and supported by other family members.Conclusion: Infant and young child feeding in Unguja was suboptimal. Inadequate care practices, use of pre-lacteals, early introduction of complementary foods, low rate of exclusive breastfeeding and low meal frequency were among the common practices. The main causes of the observed feeding practice were related to socio-cultural norms and beliefs. There is a need to strengthen IYCF education into the antenatal clinic regime.
11
Ghanbari-Homaie, Solmaz, Shahla Meedya, Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Eesa Mohammadi, and Mojgan Mirghafourvand. "Recommendations for improving primiparous women’s childbirth experience: results from a multiphase study in Iran." Reproductive Health 18, no. 1 (July 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01196-7.
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Abstract Background Women's satisfaction with childbirth experience is considered as one of the quality indicators of the maternity services across the world. However, there is no guideline for improving the experience of childbirth in Iran that is suitable for women with different cultural, economic, and social statuses. The aim of this study is to make recommendations for practice and propose a clinical guideline for improving the experience of women with vaginal births. Methods/design The study design was a mixed method study with a sequential explanatory approach consisting of three phases. The first phase of the study was a cross-sectional study to identify the predictors of traumatic vaginal childbirth experience among 800 primiparous women from Tabriz health centers who had vaginal birth. Data collection tools in this phase were Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and Support and Control in Birth (SCIB). Both tools were validated for Farsi language. The second phase was a qualitative study with 17 in-depth individual interviews among women who took part in the first phase to better understand their reasons that influenced their childbirth experience either positively or negatively. The third phase of the study was to develop recommendations for a proposed clinical guideline through a Delphi study where maternal health experts were selected and invited to take part in the panel. They first rated the proposed recommendations individually and provided written responses on their own agreement or disagreement with each statement in terms of its impact on childbirth experience, feasibility, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness. After three confirmation rounds, the final conscience was reached by the panel members. Results The results of the quantitative phase showed that the probability of negative experience of childbirth was increased when physical exercise was not implemented during pregnancy, lacking pain relief options, having fear of childbirth, lacking skin to skin contact with the newborn and being unable to initiate breastfeeding in the first hour after birth (P < 0.05). The analysis of qualitative data revealed 13 major theme categories which were related to women’s sense of internal control, external control and support. In the third phase of the study, culturally appropriate recommendations were made and an evidence-based clinical guideline was proposed. The proposed guideline was based on the combination of the quantitative and qualitative phases, a review of the literature, and the opinions of Iranian experts using the Delphi technique. Conclusion Given the high prevalence of negative childbirth experience among Iranian primiparous women, the present study may be of great interest for managers, leaders, policymakers, and care providers to improve the quality of the maternity services. However, further studies are required to translate the recommendations into practice and identify enablers and barriers during the implementation of the proposed guideline. To adopt the recommendations at national level, there is a need to further studies to assess the effectiveness of the proposed guideline within different communities across the region and the country.
12
"Incidence of Measles in Breastfed Infants versus Non-Breastfed Infants." American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences, October 3, 2021, 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.021.01190124.
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Breast-feeding protects newborn infants against numerous infectious conditions and sicknesses, and can also affect the results of vaccination. The main purpose of this research is to assess breastfeeding defends against CM and find the changed effects of vaccination. This research is designed as a cross-sectional study. It is worth mentioning that the study took almost one year to be completed, and the survey was conducted from May 1, 2020, to May 1, 2021. It is notable that the study was carried out base on librarian and field research methodology, and the information was collected from the newly born infants until five years’ children, and then it was analyzed. The data upon infections of indicative measles and socioeconomic indicators were obtained at ten months period. Breast-feeding has been classified as < 30 days breastfed, 1-3-month breast-food, breast-feeding for over three months, unsure breastfeeding, and no breastfeeding. Regarding the results, it could be said that anti-measles Ig though with a mean value of 5.37 AFU, all 55 colostrum samples were positive. Furthermore, the timing of extraction for breast milk AFU is different, the average AFU value fell to 2.11 among days 6-15 (n=15), but the value fell below the cut-out mark of 1.8–1.48 amongst days fifteen to thirty (n=10). It is being concluded that immunization of measles gives excellent disease resistance. In addition to this, breastfeeding is related to a relatively moderate decrease in the chance of measles diagnosis. Relationships with such a diagnosis of measles were independent of breastfeeding & measles vaccination.
13
Agarwal, Abhishek, and Arun Singh. "Knowledge and Practice Towards Exclusive Breastfeeding Among LactatingMothers: A Cross Sectional Study." RGUHS National Journal of Public Health 6, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.26463/rnjph.6_3_6.
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Background Young children and infantrsquos nutrition always gets maximum attention among the scientists and planners for a very simple reason that growth rate in early stage of life is maximum and exclusive breastfeeding plays a major role in determining the childrenrsquos nutritional status.Objective To assess the practices and knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers.Methodology A cross sectional study which was community based was conducted using a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire among 528 lactating mothers in Bareilly District Uttar Pradesh India during the period of November 2018 to October 2019. The mothers of children below 23 months of age were interviewed to obtain the data on knowledge and practice about exclusive breastfeeding.Results Out of 528 mothers majority were in the age group of 21-25 years 42.04 and most of them belonged to joint family 67.60. Major proportion 60.80 of the mothers had knowledge that colostrum must be given to children. About 48.10 mothers had the knowledge that breastfeeding should be initiated within one hour of birth. About half of the mothers 49.80 gave pre-lacteal feed to their children and initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth was done by 43.40 mothers.Conclusion Based on the findings of this study it can be concluded that majority of mothers had knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and colostrum. But a major proportion of mothers did not have the knowledge that colostrum must be given to the children. There was a gap between maternal knowledge about duration of exclusive breastfeeding and their practice. More than half of the mothers were observed to have initiated complementary feeding before six months of age. This study strongly suggests that there is an urgent need of honest efforts to emphasize womenrsquos education and dissemination of information with the help of mass media. Thus it is evident that education of mothers during antenatal visits and immunization sessions regarding optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices is a dire necessity.
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"Prevalence of Wasting and Associated Factors Among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Garowe, Puntland, Somalia." International Journal of Women’s Health Care 7, no. 2 (April 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/ijwhc.07.02.05.
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Background: Child wasting is one of the most serious public health problems in developing countries, including Somalia. It affects child growth and development. If not treat early it causes chronic malnutrition than will affects brain development and can cause premature death of the children. However, there is limited evidences regarding child wasting in Somalia and no study in Puntland in particular. Therefore, this study was designed assess the prevalence of wasting and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Garowe Town, Puntland, Somalia. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted using pre-tested questionnaire among 409 children aged 6-23 months, from June 05-15, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. The collected data were entered and cleaned using EpiData version 3.1 and then exported into statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with wasting. Variables having p-value <0.05 were considered to be significantly associated with the dependent variable. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to show the presence, strength and direction of associations. Results: The prevalence of wasting among children aged 6-23 months was 34.2%, (95%CI 28.7 CI, 40.3); of which, 12% were severely wasted. Being from daily laborer father (AOR=3.1, 95% CI: (1.1, 8.7)), initiating complementary feeding before six months (AOR=8, 95% CI: (4.5, 14)) , breastfeeding initiation after some hour of birth (AOR=3.9, 95% CI: (1.8, 8.4)), being unvaccinated (AOR=2.9, 95% CI:(1.7, 5.2)), mother with no formal education (AOR=3.4, 95% CI: (1.6, 7.0)) and mothers who didn’t attend ANC follow-up during last pregnancy (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: (2.9, 9.5) were significantly associated with occurrence of wasting among children aged 6-23 months. Conclusion: The prevalence of wasting among children aged 6-23 months in the study area is serious public health problem. Therefore, to reduce the incidence of malnutrition, ministry of health should work closely with all health facilities in the country, as well as improve the quality of health workers and strengthen maternal and child health care.
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Pooja, Pooja, Mukesh Chandra Sharma, and Supreet Rupam. "EVIDENCES ON EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PROCEDURAL PAIN AMONG CHILDREN." GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS, September 15, 2022, 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/gjra/1808524.
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Background -Evidence as “the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values”. Evidence Based practice in nursing is a process of locating, appraising, and applying the best evidence from the nursing and medical literature to improve the quality of clinical nursing practice. Research ndings, knowledge from basic science, clinical knowledge, and expert opinion are all considered "evidence"; however, practices based on research ndings are more likely to result in the desired patient outcomes across various settings and geographic locations. Method (Searching strategies ) -Online articles and databases like PubMed ,CINHAL ,Medline ,Cochrane , Google Scholar Area of search -Evidences on Effectiveness of Non –pharmacological management of procedural pain among children .Various non –pharmacological Methods of pain management like non-nutritive sucking ,music ,swaddling ,positioning ,olfactory ,multi-sensorial stimulation ,maternal touch ,acupuncture, skin-to-skin contact”, “sucrose”, “massage “and “breastfeeding during nursing procedures like venepuncture ,immunization and other therapeutic procedure on children . Evidence hierarchy: levels of evidence on this area will be Systematic Review, Single RCT ,Single Non-Randomized Trial (quasi –experimental) ,Single prospective /cohort study ,Single case –control study ,Single cross –sectional study ,Single indepth Qualitative study , Expert opinion, case reports, etc. There are various research st Result – udies that shows that pain among children of various age group during procedure can be reduced or managed effectively by use of non-pharmacological methods only. After getting various level of evidence on non –pharmacological management of procedur Conclusion – al pain among children nurses in various setting of children care like NICU, PICU and paediatric ward can use the evidences and technique in providing effective care.