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Journal articles on the topic 'Breast motion'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

McGhee, Deirdre E., and Julie R. Steele. "Breast Biomechanics: What Do We Really Know?" Physiology 35, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00024.2019.

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Although half the world’s population will develop breasts, there is limited research documenting breast structure or motion. Understanding breast structure and motion, however, is imperative for numerous applications, such as breast reconstruction, breast modeling to better diagnose and treat breast pathologies, and designing effective sports bras. To be impactful, future breast biomechanics research needs to fill gaps in our knowledge, particularly related to breast composition and density, and to improve methods to accurately measure the complexities of three-dimensional breast motion. These methods should then be used to investigate breast biomechanics while individuals, who represent the full spectrum of women in the population, participate in a broad range of activities of daily living and recreation.

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2

Zhou, Jie, Winnie Yu, and Sun-Pui Ng. "Studies of three-dimensional trajectories of breast movement for better bra design." Textile Research Journal 82, no. 3 (January 18, 2012): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517511435004.

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This paper presents a new method for evaluating 3D breast motion relative to the thorax using a new breast coordinate system. A local virtual origin is defined by four breast boundary points, in a constant relative distance from four bone-fixed thoracic points. The validity and reliability of the method was tested with 11 subjects and confirmed (interclass correlation coefficient = 1.00). The feasibility of the new system was tested with two subjects with pert and ptotic breasts, respectively. Each subject participated in motion experiments whilst treadmill jogging, with and without a sports bra. In the braless motion experiments, the breast movement trajectories of six breast positions resembled a butterfly shape. In a jogging cycle, there was a single anterior and medial peak, and a double peak in the vertical breast displacement. The ptotic breast displacement during jogging was larger and wavy, with a more evident vertical and medial-lateral vibration. It tended to move more medially and anteriorly than the pert breast. The bra trajectories of the subjects wearing sports bras showed that the superior movements of the upper breast need further control. To achieve this, it was proposed that the neckline of the bra should better fit the upper breast boundary.

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3

Sheng, Xinyang, Xiaona Chen, and Mark John Lake. "Vertical Breast Displacement in Asian Women During Exercise: influence of Bra Type, Size and Different Parts of the Breast." Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe 151, no. 3 (October 1, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2022-0016.

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Abstract Asian women have smaller breast sizes and greater breast density, which suggests specific research on their breast kinematics and biomechanics. To investigate vertical breast displacement of Asian women among exercise modalities (rope skipping, walking, jogging, running) in different support conditions (wearing everyday bra or sports bra), and assess the motion between different parts of the breast, seven participants were selected to participate in this study. Five infrared markers were placed on each of their left breasts, and a three-dimensional motion capture system (NDI Optotrak Investigator) was used to collect the data on vertical breast displacement during walking (5 km/h), jogging (7.5 km/h), running (10 km/h) and rope skipping (2 Hz). No significant difference was found in the vertical displacement of different parts of the breast in the two bra conditions. Also, there was significant difference in vertical breast displacement among rope skipping, jogging and running. Breast size did not significantly affect its vertical displacement. The smaller, denser breast appears to reach a threshold of vertical displacement that is similar at high severities of dynamic exercises (jogging, running and rope skipping). The results might be useful for designing special sports bras for Asian women with small breasts or rope skipping participants to improve the shock absorption function.

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4

Mills, Chris, Debbie Risius, and Joanna Scurr. "Breast motion asymmetry during running." Journal of Sports Sciences 33, no. 7 (October 30, 2014): 746–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.962575.

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5

Mills, Chris, Bessie Ayres, and Joanna Scurr. "Breast Support Garments are Ineffective at Reducing Breast Motion During an Aqua Aerobics Jumping Exercise." Journal of Human Kinetics 46, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0033.

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AbstractThe buoyant forces of water during aquatic exercise may provide a form of ‘natural’ breast support and help to minimise breast motion and alleviate exercise induced breast pain. Six larger-breasted females performed standing vertical land and water-based jumps, whilst wearing three breast support conditions. Underwater video cameras recorded the motion of the trunk and right breast. Trunk and relative breast kinematics were calculated as well as exercised induced breast pain scores. Key results showed that the swimsuit and sports bra were able to significantly reduce the superioinferior breast range of motion by 0.04 and 0.05 m, respectively, and peak velocity by 0.23 and 0.33 m/s, respectively, during land-based jumping when compared to the bare-breasted condition, but were ineffective at reducing breast kinematics during water-based jumping. Furthermore, the magnitude of the swimsuit superioinferior breast range of motion during water-based jumping was significantly greater than land-based jumping (0.13 m and 0.06 m), yet there were no significant differences in exercise induced breast pain, thus contradicting previously published relationships between these parameters on land. Furthermore, the addition of an external breast support garment was able to reduce breast kinematics on land but not in water, suggesting the swimsuit and sports bras were ineffective and improvements in swimwear breast support garments may help to reduce excessive breast motion during aqua aerobic jumping exercises.

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6

Arch, Elisa S., Sarah Colón, and James G. Richards. "A Comprehensive Method to Measure 3-Dimensional Bra Motion During Physical Activity." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0111.

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Breast and bra motion research aims to understand how the breasts/bra move to aid development of apparel that minimizes motion. Most previously published research has tracked nipple motion to represent bra motion. However, this method does not provide information regarding regional tissue motion. A more comprehensive approach might facilitate understanding how the entire soft-tissue mass moves during physical activities. This study developed and tested an objective method to comprehensively measure 3-dimensional bra motion, including regional displacement and velocity, displacement phasing, and surface stretch. To test the method, 6 females were fitted with a minimally supportive, seamless bra (small bra n = 3; large bra n = 3). Data were collected as participants ran on a treadmill. Results indicated marker displacement, velocity, link stretch, and link stretch velocities reached as high as 52.6 (6.8) mm, 504.8 (88.7) mm/s, 29.5% (7.1%) of minimum length, and 3.8 (1.0) mm/s/mm, respectively, with the large bra having greater motions compared with the small. Most bra motion occurred above/below the nipple region and at the bra’s strap–body interface, independent of bra size. Importantly, maximum marker displacement and velocity did not occur at the nipple. Measurements obtained from this new method may be important for designing innovative clothing that minimizes bra motion during physical activity.

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7

Page, Kelly-Ann, and Julie R. Steele. "Breast Motion and Sports Brassiere Design." Sports Medicine 27, no. 4 (1999): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199927040-00001.

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8

Campbell, Toni E., Bridget J. Munro, Gordon G. Wallace, and Julie R. Steele. "Can fabric sensors monitor breast motion?" Journal of Biomechanics 40, no. 13 (January 2007): 3056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.01.020.

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9

Piruzan, Elham, Naser Vosoughi, Seied Rabi Mahdavi, Leila Khalafi, and Hojjat Mahani. "Target motion management in breast cancer radiation therapy." Radiology and Oncology 55, no. 4 (October 8, 2021): 393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raon-2021-0040.

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Abstract Background Over the last two decades, breast cancer remains the main cause of cancer deaths in women. To treat this type of cancer, radiation therapy (RT) has proved to be efficient. RT for breast cancer is, however, challenged by intrafractional motion caused by respiration. The problem is more severe for the left-sided breast cancer due to the proximity to the heart as an organ-at-risk. While particle therapy results in superior dose characteristics than conventional RT, due to the physics of particle interactions in the body, particle therapy is more sensitive to target motion. Conclusions This review highlights current and emerging strategies for the management of intrafractional target motion in breast cancer treatment with an emphasis on particle therapy, as a modern RT technique. There are major challenges associated with transferring real-time motion monitoring technologies from photon to particles beams. Surface imaging would be the dominant imaging modality for real-time intrafractional motion monitoring for breast cancer. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance and ultra high dose rate (FLASH)-RT seem to be state-of-the-art approaches to deal with 4D RT for breast cancer.

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10

DELL, DEENA. "Regaining range of motion after breast surgery." Nursing 31, no. 10 (October 2001): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200131100-00018.

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11

Zuo, C. S., A. Jiang, B. L. Buff, T. G. Mahon, and T. Z. Wong. "Automatic motion correction for breast MR imaging." Radiology 198, no. 3 (March 1996): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.198.3.8628891.

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12

Kobayashi, Hiroshi, Toshiaki Tsuji, Yukinari Awano, Katsumi Mizuno, Hiroshi Kawamura, Zenichi Onuki, and Aki Ishimaru. "Development of the Breast Pump with a Baby-Like Peristaltic Motion." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, no. 3 (June 20, 2008): 456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0456.

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Because of change in woman’s place in society, the number of working woman is growing and the demand of the breast pump is increasing as well. Commercial product of the breast pump is applying only negative pressure for sucking and many users feel a pain for a long term use. While a baby is using peristaltic motion as the result of tongue and jaw action in addition to suction. In this research, therefore the breast pump with a baby-like motion is developed. In order to realize baby-like peristaltic motion, cam mechanism is applied. Also for producing negative pressure, crank mechanism is utilized. As the result, it turns out that the breast pump developed is realized the same peristaltic motion and suction pattern as a baby.This paper is the full translation from the transactions of JSME Vol.73, No.730.

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13

Lai, Yi-Chen, Kimberly M. Ray, James G. Mainprize, Tatiana Kelil, and Bonnie N. Joe. "Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Technique and Common Artifacts." Journal of Breast Imaging 2, no. 6 (November 2020): 615–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbaa086.

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Abstract Image optimization at digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) involves a series of trade-offs between multiple variables. Wider sweep angles provide better separation of overlapping tissues, but they result in decreased in-plane resolution as well as increased scan times that may be prone to patient motion. Techniques to reduce scan time, such as continuous tube motion and pixel binning during detector readout, reduce the chances of patient motion but may degrade the in-plane resolution. Image artifacts are inherent to DBT because of the limited angular range of the acquisition. Iterative reconstruction algorithms have been shown to reduce various DBT artifacts.

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14

Nguyen, D., J. Farah, F. Josserand-Pietri, N. Barbet, and M. Khodri. "Benefits and challenges of standard ceiling-mounted surface guided radiotherapy systems for breast treatments on Halcyon™." Radioprotection 56, no. 4 (October 2021): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2021025.

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The present work investigates the benefits and challenges of applying surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) to breast cancer treatments on the Halcyon™ (Varian, USA). Inter-fraction setup accuracy and treatment time were assessed by comparing CBCT shifts registered following SGRT-based vs. standard tattoo-based patient setup in two randomly selected groups of ten breast patients. Next, using a torso phantom and a volunteer, intra-fraction motion tracking accuracy and surface coverage were assessed for 3 adjusted central ceiling camera positions. SGRT was shown to significantly reduce setup errors (mostly within ± 2 mm) compared to tattoos (up to 2.1 cm) in all translational directions (p-value < 0.001). Treatment throughput and efficiency were also significantly improved with SGRT (p = 0.038). Meanwhile, intra-bore surface coverage with an adjusted central SGRT camera proved insufficient, suffering from patient self-occlusions (invisible body parts occluded by patients’ own morphology such as breasts, bellies, arms, etc.) and bore-induced camera obstructions. Tracking accuracy remained satisfactory (sub-0.5 mm) but 6 degrees-of-freedom motion monitoring, critical in stereotactic radiosurgery, stereotactic body radiation therapy and deep inspiration breath hold techniques and clinical applications, was not possible. Standard ceiling-mounted SGRT systems reduce inter-fraction breast setup errors and treatment duration while intra-fraction motion tracking is insufficient for O-ring linear accelerators.

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15

Steinbruecker, F., A. Meyer-Baese, T. Schlossbauer, and D. Cremers. "Evaluation of a Nonrigid Motion Compensation Technique Based on Spatiotemporal Features for Small Lesion Detection in Breast MRI." Advances in Artificial Neural Systems 2012 (September 6, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/808602.

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Motion-induced artifacts represent a major problem in detection and diagnosis of breast cancer in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a new nonrigid motion correction algorithm based on the optical flow method. For each of the small lesions, we extracted morphological and dynamical features describing both global and local shape, and kinetics behavior. In this paper, we compare the performance of each extracted feature set under consideration of several 2D or 3D motion compensation parameters for the differential diagnosis of enhancing lesions in breast MRI. Based on several simulation results, we determined the optimal motion compensation parameters. Our results have shown that motion compensation can improve the classification results. The results suggest that the computerized analysis system based on the non-rigid motion compensation technique and spatiotemporal features has the potential to increase the diagnostic accuracy of MRI mammography for small lesions and can be used as a basis for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer with MR mammography.

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16

Agostini, Valentina, Marco Knaflitz, and Filippo Molinari. "Motion Artifact Reduction in Breast Dynamic Infrared Imaging." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 56, no. 3 (March 2009): 903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2008.2005584.

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17

Moeckly, Steven R., Michael Lamba, and Howard R. Elson. "Respiratory motion effects on whole breast helical tomotherapy." Medical Physics 35, no. 4 (March 18, 2008): 1464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2841936.

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18

Boca (Bene), Ioana, Anca Ileana Ciurea, Cristiana Augusta Ciortea, and Sorin Marian Dudea. "Pros and Cons for Automated Breast Ultrasound (ABUS): A Narrative Review." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11080703.

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Automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) is an ultrasound technique that tends to be increasingly used as a supplementary technique in the evaluation of patients with dense glandular breasts. Patients with dense breasts have an increased risk of developing breast cancer compared to patients with fatty breasts. Furthermore, for this group of patients, mammography has a low sensitivity in detecting breast cancers, especially if it is not associated with architectural distortion or calcifications. ABUS is a standardized examination with many advantages in both screening and diagnostic settings: it increases the detection rate of breast cancer, improves the workflow, and reduces the examination time. On the other hand, like any imaging technique, ABUS has disadvantages and even some limitations. Many disadvantages can be diminished by additional attention and training. Disadvantages regarding image acquisition are the inability to assess the axilla, the vascularization, and the elasticity of a lesion, while concerning the interpretation, the disadvantages are the artifacts due to poor positioning, lack of contact, motion or lesion related. This article reviews and discusses the indications, the advantages, and disadvantages of the method and also the sources of error in the ABUS examination.

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19

Clauser, Paola, Matthias Dietzel, Michael Weber, Clemens G. Kaiser, and Pascal AT Baltzer. "Motion artifacts, lesion type, and parenchymal enhancement in breast MRI: what does really influence diagnostic accuracy?" Acta Radiologica 60, no. 1 (April 18, 2018): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185118770918.

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Background Motion artifacts can reduce image quality of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There is a lack of data regarding their effect on diagnostic estimates. Purpose To evaluate factors that potentially influence readers’ diagnostic estimates in breast MRI: motion artifacts; amount of fibroglandular tissue; background parenchymal enhancement; lesion size; and lesion type. Material and Methods This Institutional Review Board-approved, retrospective, cross-sectional, single-center study included 320 patients (mean age = 55.1 years) with 334 histologically verified breast lesions (139 benign, 195 malignant) who underwent breast MRI. Two expert breast radiologists evaluated the images considering: motion artifacts (1 = minimal to 4 = marked); fibroglandular tissue (BI-RADS FGT); background parenchymal enhancement (BI-RADS BPE); lesion size; lesion type; and BI-RADS score. Univariate (Chi-square) and multivariate (Generalized Estimation Equations [GEE]) statistics were used to identify factors influencing sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Results Lesions were: 230 mass (68.9%) and 59 non-mass (17.7%), no foci. Forty-five lesions (13.5%) did not enhance in MRI but were suspicious or unclear in conventional imaging. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 93.8%, 83.4%, and 89.8% for Reader 1 and 95.4%, 87.8%, and 91.9% for Reader 2. Lower sensitivity was observed in case of increased motion artifacts ( P = 0.007), non-mass lesions ( P < 0.001), and small lesions ≤ 10 mm ( P < 0.021). No further factors (e.g. BPE, FGT) significantly influenced diagnostic estimates. At multivariate analysis, lesion type and size were retained as independent factors influencing the diagnostic performance ( P < 0.033). Conclusion Motion artifacts can impair lesion characterization with breast MRI, but lesion type and small size have the strongest influence on diagnostic estimates.

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Zhang, Jun, Ruixin Liang, Newman Lau, Qiwen Lei, and Joanne Yip. "A Systematic Analysis of 3D Deformation of Aging Breasts Based on Artificial Neural Networks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010468.

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The measurement and prediction of breast skin deformation are key research directions in health-related research areas, such as cosmetic and reconstructive surgery and sports biomechanics. However, few studies have provided a systematic analysis on the deformations of aging breasts. Thus, this study has developed a model order reduction approach to predict the real-time strain of the breast skin of seniors during movement. Twenty-two women who are on average 62 years old participated in motion capture experiments, in which eight body variables were first extracted by using the gray relational method. Then, backpropagation artificial neural networks were built to predict the strain of the breast skin. After optimization, the R-value for the neural network model reached 0.99, which is within acceptable accuracy. The computer-aided system of this study is validated as a robust simulation approach for conducting biomechanical analyses and predicting breast deformation.

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21

Ozyemisci-Taskiran, Ozden. "Ultrasound-Guided Block of the Suprascapular Nerve in Breast Cancer Survivors with Limited Shoulder Motion – Case Series." Pain Physician 2, no. 20;2 (February 14, 2017): E233—E239. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2017.e239.

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Background: Suprascapular nerve block is performed in the management of chronic shoulder pain and frozen shoulder. Objective: To investigate the effects of ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve block in restoration of shoulder motion in breast cancer survivors. Study Design: A cohort study. Setting: A training and research hospital, outpatient setting. Methods: A total of 18 breast cancer survivors with limited shoulder motion, pain, and difficulty in positioning the upper extremity for radiation treatment following surgery were enrolled in this study. Ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve blocks were performed while the patients were seated in a chair without a backrest. After visualization of the suprascapular nerve under the transverse suprascapular ligament, 20 mg of triamcinolone and 4 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine were injected. Shoulder range of motion, pain, disability, and upper extremity circumference measurements were assessed in all participants before and 10 days after the block. Results: A significant decrease was observed in severity of pain and disability 10 days after the block. The ranges of shoulder abduction, flexion, and external rotation were improved significantly. All patients were able to receive radiation therapy without delay. Limitations: Absence of a control group and absence of randomization reduces the strength of our findings. Small sample size and absence of long-term follow-up are other limitations of this study. Conclusions: This is the first study investigating the effect of ultrasound-guided suprascapular block on shoulder limitation in breast cancer survivors. The results demonstrate that it may be a promising treatment approach for rapid recovery of shoulder motion in women with breast cancer before radiation treatment. Key words: Breast cancer, upper extremity, shoulder pain, range of motion, disability, ultrasound, injection, triamcinolone, local anesthetics

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22

Chan, Si-Wa, Yung-Chieh Chang, Po-Wen Huang, Yen-Chieh Ouyang, Yu-Tzu Chang, Ruey-Feng Chang, Jyh-Wen Chai, et al. "Breast Tumor Detection and Classification Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques." BioMed Research International 2019 (July 28, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3843295.

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Breast cancer is a main cause of disease and death for women globally. Because of the limitations of traditional mammography and ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gradually become an important radiological method for breast cancer assessment over the past decades. MRI is free of the problems related to radiation exposure and provides excellent image resolution and contrast. However, a disadvantage is the injection of contrast agent, which is toxic for some patients (such as patients with chronic renal disease or pregnant and lactating women). Recent findings of gadolinium deposits in the brain are also a concern. To address these issues, this paper develops an intravoxel incoherent motion- (IVIM-) MRI-based histogram analysis approach, which takes advantage of several hyperspectral techniques, such as the band expansion process (BEP), to expand a multispectral image to hyperspectral images and create an automatic target generation process (ATGP). After automatically finding suspected targets, further detection was attained by using kernel constrained energy minimization (KCEM). A decision tree and histogram analysis were applied to classify breast tissue via quantitative analysis for detected lesions, which were used to distinguish between three categories of breast tissue: malignant tumors (i.e., central and peripheral zone), cysts, and normal breast tissues. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed IVIM-MRI-based histogram analysis approach can effectively differentiate between these three breast tissue types.

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23

Schinkel-Ivy, Alison, and Janessa D. M. Drake. "Breast size impacts spine motion and postural muscle activation." Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 29, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bmr-160680.

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24

Zhao, B., X. Gu, C. Ding, Y. Yan, R. Timmerman, and T. Solberg. "Assessment of Breast Motion During Hypofractionated Robotic Radiation Therapy." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 87, no. 2 (October 2013): S670—S671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1778.

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25

Shamley, Delva, Ragavan Srinaganathan, Reza Oskrochi, Ion Lascurain-Aguirrebeña, and Elaine Sugden. "Three-dimensional scapulothoracic motion following treatment for breast cancer." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 118, no. 2 (November 9, 2008): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-008-0240-x.

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26

DOKI, Hitoshi, Kenya MITSUHASHI, and Kiyoshi HIROSE. "A37 Motion analysis of breast stroke using inertial sensor." Proceedings of Joint Symposium: Symposium on Sports Engineering, Symposium on Human Dynamics 2008 (2008): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmesports.2008.0_177.

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27

Jones, Scott, Rhys Fitzgerald, Rebecca Owen, and Jonathan Ramsay. "Quantifying intra‐ and inter‐fractional motion in breast radiotherapy." Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences 62, no. 1 (July 13, 2014): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.61.

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28

Richter, Anne, Reinhard Sweeney, Kurt Baier, Michael Flentje, and Matthias Guckenberger. "Effect of Breathing Motion in Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 185, no. 7 (July 2009): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-009-1980-1.

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29

Nayyeri, F. "A Review on Motion Correction Methods in Pet/Ct Images for Detection of Cancer Cells." Acta Medica Bulgarica 42, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amb-2015-0020.

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Summary Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an important cancer imaging tool, both for diagnosing and staging, as well as offering predictive information based on response. PET is a nuclear medicine imaging technique which produces a three-dimensional image of functional processes in the body. While PET is commonly used to detect the tumors, especially in breast, colon, lung and for lymphoma, as well in the last decade it is verified as considerably more accurate than Computed Tomography (CT) in the distinction between benign and malignant lesions. PET is not only more accurate than conventional imaging for the assessment of therapy response, but also it is useful to detect some viable tumor cells after treatment. However, motion is a source of artifacts in the medical imaging and results in reducing the quantitative and qualitative accuracy of the image. In general during the procedure of PET scanning, a few types of motion can occur that should be corrected and compensated. Different body motions are classified as brain motion, cardiac motion and respiratory motion. In this study, some of the most important motion correction and compensation methods using PET imaging system are compared.

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Norris, Michelle, Melissa Jones, Chris Mills, Tim Blackmore, Chris Inglefield, and Joanna Wakefield-Scurr. "The Kinematics of Breasts Implanted With a Reduced Mass Implant: A Pilot Study." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 40, no. 5 (October 24, 2019): NP253—NP262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjz239.

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Abstract Background Breast implants may increase breast skin tension and interact with surrounding tissues to alter breast position and motion during dynamic activity. Reducing implant mass and changing implant location (submuscular/subglandular) may also affect breast kinematics and the subsequent loads on breast structures. Objectives The aim of this pilot study was to describe the kinematics of breasts augmented with reduced-mass implants during standing, walking, and running, compared with natural breasts, and to provide insight into how implant location (submuscular/subglandular) alters breast kinematics. Methods Two breast augmentation participants (12–15 months postsurgery: 32AA presurgery, anatomical submuscular 255 cc B-Lite reduced-mass implant; 32A presurgery, anatomical subglandular 285 cc B-Lite reduced-mass implant) and 2 natural-breasted participants of similar breast size and anthropometrics were recruited. Nipple and torso positional data were recorded with electromagnetic sensors during standing, walking, and running. Nipple kinematics relative to the torso were calculated. Results The B-Lite participants both displayed greater nipple projection and elevation during standing and a 50% reduction in nipple acceleration during walking, when compared with their natural counterparts. During running, the B-Lite subglandular participant displayed decreased nipple kinematics compared with her natural counterpart and lower nipple kinematics compared with the B-Lite submuscular participant during walking and running. Conclusions A combination of implant location (subglandular) and reduced mass minimized nipple kinematics during running. Reducing nipple kinematics during dynamic activity may decrease the loading on breast structures, helping to decrease ptosis and increase the longevity of procedure outcomes. Level of Evidence: 4

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31

Miller, D. A., E. E. Klein, I. Zoberi, M. E. Taylor, and S. N. Powell. "Inter-fraction and Intra-fraction Breast Motion Localized using AlignRT for Early Breast Cancer." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 72, no. 1 (September 2008): S189—S190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.764.

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32

Baltag, Oana Maria, Mihaela Apostu, and Mariana Cordun. "Study Regarding the Upper Limb Range of Motion After Breast Cancer Surgery." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae 67, no. 3 (November 20, 2022): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.67(3).23.

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"Introduction: Mastectomy surgery in association with local radiotherapy and chemotherapy generates side effects such as: lymphedema, decreased range of motion, chronic pain, cardiotoxicity, neuropathy, premature menopause, infertility, anxiety, depression, fatigue. Decreased range of motion is the most disabling side effect of the treatment. Aerobic and resistive exercises can prevent lymphedema and improve the range of motion of the upper limb on the side of mastectomy. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to verify the effectiveness of an individualized kinetic program, applied to improve the upper limb range of motion after breast cancer surgery. Methods: In this study, 5 subjects (females, aged between 49 and 67) with right radical mastectomy and axillary lympho-dissection were included. They performed a kinetic program twice a week for 6 months and we evaluated the range motion at the level of the upper limb. Results: All the movements performed in upper limb (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation) improved, suggesting that the kinetic program is efficient. The average of the flexion movement increased by 35°, from 126° to 161°. The values obtained for the extension movement show an increase of the average by 14.6°. The abduction movement improved from 120° to 170°. At the elbow level, the flexion increased by 24.4° and the extension decreased by 6°. At the wrist level, the flexion increased by 37.4° and the extension increased from 41.8° to 78°. Conclusions: After applying the therapeutic program, the final physical assessments highlights that the range of motion increased in the upper limb. Keywords: breast cancer, range of motion, mastectomy. "

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Yoon, Chiho, Changyeop Lee, Keecheol Shin, and Chulhong Kim. "Motion Compensation for 3D Multispectral Handheld Photoacoustic Imaging." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121092.

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Three-dimensional (3D) handheld photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) imaging performed using mechanical scanning are more useful than conventional 2D PA/US imaging for obtaining local volumetric information and reducing operator dependence. In particular, 3D multispectral PA imaging can capture vital functional information, such as hemoglobin concentrations and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO2), of epidermal, hemorrhagic, ischemic, and cancerous diseases. However, the accuracy of PA morphology and physiological parameters is hampered by motion artifacts during image acquisition. The aim of this paper is to apply appropriate correction to remove the effect of such motion artifacts. We propose a new motion compensation method that corrects PA images in both axial and lateral directions based on structural US information. 3D PA/US imaging experiments are performed on a tissue-mimicking phantom and a human wrist to verify the effects of the proposed motion compensation mechanism and the consequent spectral unmixing results. The structural motions and sO2 values are confirmed to be successfully corrected by comparing the motion-compensated images with the original images. The proposed method is expected to be useful in various clinical PA imaging applications (e.g., breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and carotid artery disease) that are susceptible to motion contamination during multispectral PA image analysis.

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Huang, Yihong, Shuo Zheng, Yu Lin, and Haiyan Miao. "Breast Cancer Classification Prediction Based on Ultrasonic Image Feature Recognition." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (September 24, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4025597.

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Exploring an effective method to manage the complex breast cancer clinical information and selecting a suitable classifier for predictive modeling still require continuous research and verification in the actual clinical environment. This paper combines the ultrasound image feature algorithm to construct a breast cancer classification model. Furthermore, it combines the motion process of the ultrasound probe to accurately connect the ultrasound probe to the breast tumor. Moreover, this paper constructs a hardware and software system structure through machine vision algorithms and intelligent motion algorithms. Furthermore, it combines coordinate transformation and image recognition algorithms to expand the recognition process to realize automatic and intelligent real-time breast cancer diagnosis. In addition, this paper combines machine learning algorithms to process data and obtain an intelligent system model. Finally, this paper designs experiments to verify the intelligent system of this paper. Through experimental research, it can be seen that the breast cancer classification prediction system based on ultrasonic image feature recognition has certain effects.

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Kovbasa, V. P., V. P. Kurka, and A. M. Ayubov. "Plough body breast surface plotting by means of variational problem solution." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 80, no. 12 (December 15, 2013): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65709.

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Zhang, Yongde, Liyi Sun, Dexian Liang, and Haiyan Du. "Design and Workspace Analysis of a Differential Motion Rotary Style Breast Interventional Robot." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2020 (December 30, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8852228.

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Introduction. Magnetic Resonance Imaging has better resolution for soft tissue; at the same time, the robot can work in a stable manner for a long time. MRI image-guided breast interventional robots have attracted much attention due to their minimally invasive nature and accuracy. In this paper, a hydraulic-driven MRI-compatible breast interventional robot is proposed to perform breast interventional procedure. Methods. First is the analysis of the design requirements of the hydraulic-driven MRI-compatible breast interventional robot, and then the design scheme is determined. Second, the three-dimensional model and the link frames are established. The workspace of the robot end point is solved by MATLAB/Simulink software. Then, the 3D printing technology is used to make a physical model of the MRI-compatible breast interventional robot. After assembly and debugging, the physical model is used for workspace verification, and the simulation result of the workspace shows that it is correct. Finally, the experimental research on the positioning error of the hydraulic drive is carried out, which established the theoretical foundation for the follow-up control research of the robot. Results. The positioning error has nothing to do with the motion distance, speed, and length of the selected tubing. The errors are 0.564 mm, 0.534 mm, and 0.533 mm at different distances of 40 mm, 80 mm, and 120 mm, respectively. The errors are 0.552 mm, 0.564 mm, and 0.559 mm at different speeds of 3 mm/s, 5 mm/s, and 8 mm/s, respectively. The errors are 0.564 mm, 0.568 mm, and 0.548 mm for different lengths of 0.5 m, 1 m, and 1.6 m, respectively. Then, the robot’s working space on the X O Z plane and the X O Y plane meets the conditions. Conclusion. The structure of a differential rotary breast interventional robot is determined, with the link frames assigned to the mechanism and the Denavit-Hartenberg parameters given. Workspace simulation of MRI-compatible breast interventional robot is done in MATLAB. The 3D printed MRI-compatible breast interventional robot is assembled and debugged to verify that its working space and positioning error meet the requirements.

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Al-Ani, Ahlam J. Kalaf. "Demonstration of the value of diffusion weighted MR imaging for differentiation of benign from malignant breast lesions." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 15, no. 2 (April 18, 2019): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v15i2.217.

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Background: Radiologic evaluation of breast lesions is being achieved through several imaging modalities. Mammography has an established role in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Still however, it shows some limitations particulary in dense breast. Methods : Magnetic resonance imaging is an attractive tool for the diagnosis of breast tumors1 and the use of magnetic resonance imaging of the breast is rapidly increasing as this technique becomes more widely available.1 As an adjunct to mammography and ultrasound, MRI can be a valuable addition to the work-up of a breast abnormality. MRI has the advantages of providing a three-dimensional view of the breast, performing with high sensitivity in dense breast tissue and using non-ionizing radiation.2 Results : Recent advances in MRI have shown the potential in bridging the gap between sensitivity and specificity. Methods based on differences in physiological, cellular and biochemical characteristics of malignant, benign and normal tissues were developed to monitor changes in diffusion. Among these techniques is diffusion- weighted MRI (DWI).3 Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging detects Brownian motion of water protons, thus reflecting the biologic character of tissue. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is used to quantify the Brownian motion4-5 Conclusion :The use of DWI for breast tumors has recently been considered in clinical application, and many studies have shown lower ADC values for breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue or benign tumors 3.

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Alharazy, Shatha Matoug. "Occurrence of axillary web syndrome without surgical intervention: a case report." Journal of International Medical Research 51, no. 1 (January 2023): 030006052311523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605231152384.

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Axillary web syndrome (AWS) is characterized by the formation of cords in the axilla. Classically, it develops after surgical biopsy or removal of axillary lymph nodes for breast cancer. It can cause a limited range of motion and may contribute to abnormal shoulder movements or patterns that can cause pain. In this report, an atypical case of AWS presented in a 38-year-old male after physical activity but with no surgical history or breast cancer. This case report highlights that AWS can appear in healthy individuals with no history of breast cancer and/or surgical intervention. It also emphasizes the need to consider AWS in clinical practice as a differential diagnosis of painful shoulder movement and restricted range of motion.

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Lu, Mingyue, Yongde Zhang, and Haiyan Du. "Design and control of a novel magnetic resonance imaging-compatible breast intervention robot." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 172988142092785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420927853.

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Breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancers and a major cause of cancer death in women. In this article, the design and control of a novel magnetic resonance imaging-compatible breast intervention robot are proposed. The dimensions and tolerance of the robot system are considered, and a novel pitching mechanism is designed to achieve a dexterous operation in the limited space. The magnetic resonance imaging compatibility of the robot materials is tested. The nonmagnetic structure and compact Cartesian mechanism of the robot allow it to operate safely in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. According to the robot’s structure, a kinematics analysis based on a coupled motions model is established. The workspace simulation analysis of the robot proves that it is suitable for the whole breast surgery. To control the needle insertion tasks, the overall control system in the form of “personal computer (PC) + single-chip micyoco (SCM)” is designed. Finally, the motion control experiment is carried out, and the robot positioning error is 0.37 mm, which proves that the breast intervention robot and its control system designed in this article can meet the requirements of breast intervention.

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Hoekstra, Nienke, Steven Habraken, Annemarie Swaak-Kragten, Mischa Hoogeman, and Jean-Philippe Pignol. "Intrafraction motion during partial breast irradiation depends on treatment time." Radiotherapy and Oncology 159 (June 2021): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2021.03.029.

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Ma, Wang KEi, Mark F. McEntee, Claire Mercer, Judith Kelly, Sara Millington, and Peter Hogg. "Analysis of motion during the breast clamping phase of mammography." British Journal of Radiology 89, no. 1059 (March 2016): 20150715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20150715.

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Taylor M., Gibson, Langenderfer Joseph E., and Ustinova Ksenia I. "Effects of Breast Motion on Lower-Body Kinematics during Running." International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 8, no. 2 (April 2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/saj.2020.080201.

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Conroy, Leigh, Sarah Quirk, and Wendy L. Smith. "Realistic respiratory motion margins for external beam partial breast irradiation." Medical Physics 42, no. 9 (August 21, 2015): 5404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4928141.

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Becker, S. J., R. R. Patel, and T. R. Mackie. "143 4DCT intrafraction motion margin assessment in breast cancer treatments." Radiotherapy and Oncology 76 (September 2005): S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(05)81119-3.

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Qi, X., A. Sood, J. White, A. Bauer, R. Tao, and X. Li. "Dosimetric Impacts of Respiratory Motion in Breast and Nodal Irradiation." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 69, no. 3 (November 2007): S137—S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.253.

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Jie Zhou, Winnie Yu, and Sun-Pui Ng. "Methods of studying breast motion in sports bras: a review." Textile Research Journal 81, no. 12 (May 5, 2011): 1234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517511399959.

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Chan, Si-Wa, Wei-Hsuan Hu, Yen-Chieh Ouyang, Hsien-Chi Su, Chin-Yao Lin, Yung-Chieh Chang, Chia-Chun Hsu, Kuan-Wen Chen, Chia-Chen Liu, and Sou-Hsin Chien. "Quantitative Measurement of Breast Tumors Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) MR Images." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11070656.

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Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently a widely used clinical examination tool. Recently, MR diffusion-related technologies, such as intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI), have been extensively studied by breast cancer researchers and gradually adopted in clinical practice. In this study, we explored automatic tumor detection by IVIM-DWI. We considered the acquired IVIM-DWI data as a hyperspectral image cube and used a well-known hyperspectral subpixel target detection technique: constrained energy minimization (CEM). Two extended CEM methods—kernel CEM (K-CEM) and iterative CEM (I-CEM)—were employed to detect breast tumors. The K-means and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms were also evaluated. The quantitative measurement results were compared to dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-MR imaging as ground truth. All four methods were successful in detecting tumors for all the patients studied. The clustering methods were found to be faster, but the CEM methods demonstrated better performance according to both the Dice and Jaccard metrics. These unsupervised tumor detection methods have the advantage of potentially eliminating operator variability. The quantitative results can be measured by using ADC, signal attenuation slope, D*, D, and PF parameters to classify tumors of mass, non-mass, cyst, and fibroadenoma types.

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Wang, W., J. Li, H. Hu, T. Fan, M. Xu, and Q. Shao. "4DCT-based Target Motion and Treatment Planning Variance for Whole Breast Radiation Therapy Account for Breathing Motion." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 84, no. 3 (November 2012): S239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.620.

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García-González, Silvia Beatríz, María Raquel Huerta-Franco, Israel Miguel-Andrés, José de Jesús Mayagoitia-Vázquez, Miguel León-Rodríguez, Karla Barrera-Beltrán, and Gilberto Espinoza-Macías. "Differences in the Glenohumeral Joint before and after Unilateral Breast Cancer Surgery: Motion Capture Analysis." Healthcare 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040707.

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After mastectomy, women might lose mobility and develop kinematic changes in the shoulder. The objective of this research was to compare the kinematics of the glenohumeral joint in women, before and after unilateral breast cancer surgery. This was a longitudinal study with a pre- and post-evaluation design; in total, 15 Mexican women who had a mastectomy for breast cancer and who received a physical therapy program after surgery were evaluated. Flexion–extension and abduction–adduction movements of the glenohumeral joint were evaluated (15 days before and 60 days after mastectomy). For the kinematic analysis of the glenohumeral joint, an optoelectronic motion capture system was used to monitor 41 reflective markers located in anatomical landmarks. There was no significant difference in the range of motion of the glenohumeral joint when comparing pre- and post-mastectomy, flexion–extension (p = 0.138), and abduction–adduction (p = 0.058). Furthermore, patients who received chemotherapy (53%) before mastectomy were more affected (lower range of motion) than those who did not receive it. There were no significant differences in the kinematics of the glenohumeral joint after mastectomy in this group of patients who received a physical therapy program after surgery. Moreover, patients who received chemotherapy treatment before breast cancer surgery tended to have a lower range of motion than those who did not receive it. Therefore, it is necessary for the physical rehabilitation team to attend to these patients even before the mastectomy.

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Sun, Y., Kl Yick, P. L. Li, M. Tang, A. Yu, J. Yip, and S. P. Ng. "Control Performance of Different Bra Designs and Materials during Physical Activity." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 04026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123704026.

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Bras give support to the breasts and prevent damage to their different components during daily activities. Previous studies have however merely focused on specific types of bras and/or shoulder straps but failed to provide specific guidelines on bra features and materials that can be used to improve the support different functions of bras. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the breast control performance of various types and designs of bra under the conditions of walking and running. Two younger women and 1 older woman (all with a bra size of 36C/80C) have participated in a wear trial to don a total of 12 different commercial bras with different design features, and a changeable bra in which 12 different variables are examined, including the materials, strap width and type of underwire. The 3D movement of the breasts in the various bra conditions during walking at a speed of 4 km/h and running at 6 km/h is recorded and then compared with the braless condition by using an 11-camera motion capture system. The percentage of change in the nipple displacement in the vertical direction relative to the clavicle displacement is used to quantify and compare the breast control performance of the bras. A significant difference (p<0.01) in the ability of the bras to control movement is observed between the group of younger subjects and the mature subject (left breast: 11.49% vs. 35.42%, and right breast: 18% vs. 32.47%, respectively). The control performance of the bras is significantly different (p<0.01) during running and walking (left breast: 26.39% vs. 12.54%, and right breast: 30.04% vs. 15.61%, respectively). The correlation analysis showed that a small bra cup volume (length across the bra cup), taller gore, elongation of the bra strap and bra band, and rigid bra cup fabric allow good control of vertical breast displacement.

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