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DenizAtasoy, DenizAtasoy, FatihAydogan FatihAydogan, SevgiErgin SevgiErgin, KenanMidilli KenanMidilli, SennurIlvan SennurIlvan, CihanUras CihanUras, and AliCengiz AliCengiz. "Male Breast Cancer: No Evidence of Human Papillomavirus Etiology." International Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4, no. 3 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijsm.male-breast-cancer.
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Dias, Amanda de Araújo, Magda Nery Mauro, Taynah Cascaes Puy, Ciane Martins de Oliveira, Amanda Alves Fecury, Cláudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos Dias, Carla Viana Dendasck, and Euzébio de Oliveira. "Update on the Main Aspects Related to Breast Cancer." Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento 04, no. 08 (November 21, 2017): 05–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/health/breast-cancer.
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V. Jagtap, Sunil, Suresh J. Bhosale, Gayatri N. Patel, and Swati S. Jagtap. "Bilateral Metachronous Breast Cancer." Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 8, no. 1 (2019): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148x.8119.20.
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Holm, Johanna, Keith Humphreys, Jingmei Li, Alexander Ploner, Abbas Cheddad, Mikael Eriksson, Sven Törnberg, Per Hall, and Kamila Czene. "Risk Factors and Tumor Characteristics of Interval Cancers by Mammographic Density." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 9 (March 20, 2015): 1030–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.58.9986.
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Purpose To compare tumor characteristics and risk factors of interval breast cancers and screen-detected breast cancers, taking mammographic density into account. Patients and Methods Women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 2001 to 2008 in Stockholm, Sweden, with data on tumor characteristics (n = 4,091), risk factors, and mammographic density (n = 1,957) were included. Logistic regression was used to compare interval breast cancers with screen-detected breast cancers, overall and by highest and lowest quartiles of percent mammographic density. Results Compared with screen-detected breast cancers, interval breast cancers in nondense breasts (≤ 20% mammographic density) were significantly more likely to exhibit lymph node involvement (odds ratio [OR], 3.55; 95% CI, 1.74 to 7.13) and to be estrogen receptor negative (OR, 4.05; 95% CI, 2.24 to 7.25), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (OR, 5.17; 95% CI, 1.64 to 17.01), progesterone receptor negative (OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.58 to 4.38), and triple negative (OR, 5.33; 95% CI, 1.21 to 22.46). In contrast, interval breast cancers in dense breasts (> 40.9% mammographic density) were less aggressive than interval breast cancers in nondense breasts (overall difference, P = .008) and were phenotypically more similar to screen-detected breast cancers. Risk factors differentially associated with interval breast cancer relative to screen-detected breast cancer after adjusting for age and mammographic density were family history of breast cancer (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.70), current use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT; OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.38 to 2.44), and body mass index more than 25 kg/m2 (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.82). Conclusion Interval breast cancers in women with low mammographic density have the most aggressive phenotype. The effect of HRT on interval breast cancer risk is not fully explained by mammographic density. Family history is associated with interval breast cancers, possibly indicating disparate genetic background of screen-detected breast cancers and interval breast cancers.
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Gordon, Paula B. "The Impact of Dense Breasts on the Stage of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis: A Review and Options for Supplemental Screening." Current Oncology 29, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 3595–636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29050291.
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The purpose of breast cancer screening is to find cancers early to reduce mortality and to allow successful treatment with less aggressive therapy. Mammography is the gold standard for breast cancer screening. Its efficacy in reducing mortality from breast cancer was proven in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted from the early 1960s to the mid 1990s. Panels that recommend breast cancer screening guidelines have traditionally relied on the old RCTs, which did not include considerations of breast density, race/ethnicity, current hormone therapy, and other risk factors. Women do not all benefit equally from mammography. Mortality reduction is significantly lower in women with dense breasts because normal dense tissue can mask cancers on mammograms. Moreover, women with dense breasts are known to be at increased risk. To provide equity, breast cancer screening guidelines should be created with the goal of maximizing mortality reduction and allowing less aggressive therapy, which may include decreasing the interval between screening mammograms and recommending consideration of supplemental screening for women with dense breasts. This review will address the issue of dense breasts and the impact on the stage of breast cancer at the time of diagnosis, and discuss options for supplemental screening.
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Calinescu, Gina, Corina Grigoriu, Athir Eddan, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Irina Balescu, Bianca-Margareta Mihai, Roxana Elena Bohiltea, and Claudia Stoica. "Breast density and breast cancer." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 16, S7 (December 30, 2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2021.s7.9.
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Breast density is increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of breast cancer. It has been shown to be associated with a four-to sixfold increase a woman's risk of malignant breast disease. Increased breast density, as identified on mammography, is known to decrease the diagnostic sensitivity of the examination, which is of great concern to women at increased risk for breast cancer. Dense tissue has generally been associated with younger age and premenopausal status, with the assumption that breast density gradually decreases after menopause. However, the actual proportion of older women with dense breasts is unknown. Unfortunately, mammography is less accurate on dense breast tissue compared to fattier breast tissue. Multiple studies suggest a solution to this by demonstrating the ability of supplemental screening ultrasound to detect additional malignant lesions in women with dense breast tissue but with negative mammography. Improved screening methods for women with dense breasts are needed due to their increased risk of breast cancer and of failed early diagnosis by screening mammography.
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Lozano, Adolfo, Jody C. Hayes, Lindsay M. Compton, and Fatemeh Hassanipour. "Pilot Clinical Study Investigating the Thermal Physiology of Breast Cancer via High-Resolution Infrared Imaging." Bioengineering 8, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8070086.
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This descriptive study investigates breast thermal characteristics in females histologically diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer and in their contralateral normal breasts. The multi-institutional clinical pilot study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) at participating institutions. Eleven female subjects with radiologic breast abnormalities were enrolled in the study between June 2019 and September 2019 after informed consent was obtained. Static infrared images were recorded for each subject. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to conduct paired comparisons in temperature data between breasts among the eight histologically diagnosed breast cancer subjects (n = 8). Localized temperatures of cancerous breast lesions were significantly warmer than corresponding regions in contralateral breasts (34.0 ± 0.9 °C vs. 33.2 ± 0.5 °C, p = 0.0142, 95% CI 0.25–1.5 °C). Generalized temperatures over cancerous breasts, in contrast, were not significantly warmer than corresponding regions in contralateral breasts (33.9 ± 0.8 °C vs. 33.4 ± 0.4 °C, p = 0.0625, 95% CI −0.05–1.45 °C). Among the breast cancers enrolled, breast cancers elevated temperatures locally at the site of the lesion (localized hyperthermia), but not over the entire breast (generalized hyperthermia).
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Watkins, Elyse, and Toni Jackson. "Implications of breast density for breast cancer screening." JAAPA 37, no. 10 (September 24, 2024): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000000000000127.
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ABSTRACT Extremely dense breasts can be an independent risk factor for breast cancer. A new FDA rule requires that patients be notified of their breast density and the possible benefits of additional imaging to screen for breast cancer. Clinicians should be cognizant of the data about breast cancer risk, breast density, and recommendations to change screening techniques if patients, particularly premenopausal females, have extremely dense breasts but no other known risk factors.
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Leung, Jessica, Olena Weaver, Samir Hanash, and Jennifer Dennison. "Abstract P6-03-01: The MERIT Cohort: An MD Anderson Initiative to Integrate Blood and Imaging Biomarkers to Personalize Breast Cancer Risk." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (March 1, 2023): P6–03–01—P6–03–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p6-03-01.
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Abstract Background: The MERIT cohort (Mammography, Early Detection, Risk Assessment, and Imaging Technologies, 2017-present) has enrolled women receiving annual screening mammograms (MG) at MD Anderson with a primary goal to integrate clinical data and imaging data with blood biomarker profiles to determine risk of developing breast and other cancers. Here we report interim results for breast cancers among post-menopausal women in the cohort categorized based on breast density and BMI and differences between participants who underwent MRI/MG screening vs standard annual MG screening. Methods: The study annually collects comprehensive health measurements, questionnaire information, imaging data, and blood specimens. Plasma is processed and frozen within 4 hours of collection (draw-to-freezer, >500,000 aliquots to date) for biomarker research. Part of the cohort also has MRI screening every 6 months alternating with standard mammography (MRI/MG). BI-RADS breast density was determined by radiologist scoring using the baseline mammogram. Self-reported post-menopausal status (12 months without a menstrual period) was used to classify participants. When not available, those participants older than 50 years were classified as post-menopausal. Results: 4,392 of the 6,222 eligible subjects from MERIT were post-menopausal and included in the analyses. The average follow up was 2.4 mammograms per participant. MRI/MG screening was used for 385 (8.8%) participants who were more likely to be younger (59.6 vs 62.1 years, P< 0.01), have lower BMI (27.9 vs 28.6, P = 0.02) and dense breasts (64% vs 50%, P< 0.01). The rates of breast cancer were overall higher for those screened by MRI/MG vs standard MG (13.9 vs 6.9 cases per 1,000 mammograms). A total of 79 breast cancers (7.6 cases per 1,000 mammograms) were diagnosed with the highest rate of breast cancers in high BMI participants with dense breasts (see table). A blood-based biomarker profile for risk of breast cancer with high BMI was developed using matched pre-diagnostic plasma by mass spectrometry metabolomic analyses. Conclusions: The MERIT cohort has a higher-than-average rate of breast cancers, in part explained by a high-risk MRI/MG screening group. High BMI and dense breasts were generally associated with higher rates of breast cancer. The differences in the rates of breast cancer incidence for the high BMI group between non dense and dense breasts is likely understated for the standard mammogram group because of the lower sensitivity of mammography in dense breasts. Interestingly, the rates of breast cancers in the low BMI/non dense breast group were almost equally high as the low BMI/dense breast group, likely a result of reduced sensitivity of mammography for dense breasts. For future work, we will integrate the blood biomarker profiles with the breast density and BMI information to develop a more personalized risk model. MERIT Cohort Breast Cancers Rates of diagnosed breast cancers per 1,000 mammograms for post-menopausal women (N = 79 breast cancers)*‡P<0.01, †P<0.05, Fisher’s exact test Citation Format: Jessica Leung, Olena Weaver, Samir Hanash, Jennifer Dennison. The MERIT Cohort: An MD Anderson Initiative to Integrate Blood and Imaging Biomarkers to Personalize Breast Cancer Risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-03-01.
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Zhao, Yashuang, Sigitas J. Verselis, Neil Klar, Norman L. Sadowsky, Carolyn M. Kaelin, Barbara Smith, Lenka Foretova, and Frederick P. Li. "Nipple Fluid Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Prostate-Specific Antigen in Cancer-Bearing and Tumor-Free Breasts." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 1462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.5.1462.
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PURPOSE: Mammograms and breast examinations are established methods for early breast cancer detection. Routine mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality among women ages ≥ 50 years, but additional screening methods are needed. We and others have found high levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in nipple aspirate fluids (NAFs), but the usefulness for these bio-markers for early breast cancer detection is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: NAFs from one or both breasts of 388 women were analyzed for CEA, PSA, and albumin levels. The study included 44 women with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancers, 67 women with proliferative breast lesions (ductal and lobular carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia), and 277 controls without these breast lesions. Analyses were conducted using the log10-transformed CEA and PSA levels to normalize the distributions of these tumor markers. RESULTS: Nipple fluid CEAs are significantly higher for cancerous breasts than tumor-free breasts (median 1,830 and 1,400 ng/mL, respectively; P < .01). However, at 90% specificity of the assay (CEA = 11,750 ng/mL), the corresponding sensitivity for cancer detection is 32%. CEA levels are not significantly different for breasts with proliferative lesions compared with tumor-free breasts. Nipple fluid PSAs do not differ by tumor status. Analyses of NAF albumin-standardized CEAs and PSAs yield similar results. Nipple fluid CEA and PSA titers are correlated in the affected and unaffected breast of women with unilateral lesions. CONCLUSION: Nipple fluid CEAs are higher for breasts with untreated invasive cancers, but the test sensitivity is low. Nipple fluid PSA titers do not seem to be useful for breast cancer detection.
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Kaur, Mandeep. "Calcification Detection in Breast Cancer." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 5723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr2020377.
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B.D, Manjunath, Abhishek G., and Prem Kumar A. "Coagulation Abnormalities in Breast Cancer." New Indian Journal of Surgery 9, no. 2 (2018): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/nijs.0976.4747.9218.20.
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Vaidya, Vinit, and Vedaant Bhandary. "Epigenetic Studies of Breast Cancer." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 1124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr22819094545.
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S, Prasad. "Breast Cancer Awareness in India." Open Access Journal of Gynecology 4, no. 3 (2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajg-16000186.
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Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide representing nearly a quarter (23%) of all cancer in women. The incidence of breast cancer is on a rising trend in India and disproportionately higher mortality due to detection of breast cancer at advanced stage due to lack of awareness and early diagnosis and treatment. The vast majority of breast cancer patients undergo inadequate and inappropriate treatment due to lack of high quality infrastructure and sometimes skills and above all financial resources. In India health care facility pattern is heterogeneous, with various regions of it where the knowledge of breast cancer, benefits of awareness, early diagnosis ,and multidisciplinary treatment programs have not rea ched. Awareness for breast cancer is more in educated women so education is instrumental in changing the attitude towards breast cancer.
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Sood, Shreya, Sushma Devi, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Amarjot Kaur, Vinita Singh, and Prinsi Sahpuriya. "Phytoconstituents in Breast Cancer Prevention." Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management 10, no. 1 (May 7, 2022): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jptrm.2022.101005.
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Background: In today’s developing nations, breast cancer (BC) is among the foremost risk factor for women. The causes of mortality are still unclear, yet they are frequently related to socioeconomic level and way of life. Numerous clinical therapies have been employed up to this point, i.e., radiotherapy, hormonal treatment, targeted treatment, mastectomy, and treatment with drugs etc. Purpose: However, resistance development to chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation and hormonal therapy is one of the common problems for many of the patients with BC. Numerous studies have looked at the anti-cancer potential of natural products due to the fact that they are generally safe. Researchers’ interest is being drawn by phytochemicals from plants that are thought to be bioactive. In this review the formation and progression of breast cancer were also studied, along with the mode’s of activity and regulatory function of these phytoconstituents in major signalling networks within the cell. Conclusion: Phytoconstituents in Breast Cancer Prevention have potential future as well as the difficulties. So, need more study and instructions for experimental animals, medical research, and experimental in vitro and in vivo methods are critically evaluated.
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Junaid Javed, Mohammed, and Sanath K. "SYNCHRONOUS BILATERAL BREAST CANCER RIGHT HER 2 POSITIVE AND LEFT HER 2 NEGETIVE- A CASE REPORT." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 11 (November 30, 2023): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17815.
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Bilateral breast cancers (BBCs) represent 2–11% of breast cancers. The diagnosis of breast cancer at the same time or up to 6 months in both breasts is known as Synchronous bilateral breast cancer (s-BBC).[1,2]In about 15% to 20% of breast cancers, the cancer cells make too much of a growth-promoting protein known as HER2. These cancers, known as HER2-positive breast cancers, tend to grow and spread more aggressively than HER2-negative breast cancers. Targeted drug therapy uses medicines that are directed at (target) proteins on breast cancer cells that help them grow, spread, and live longer. Anti-HER2 therapies (also called as HER2 inhibitors or HER2 targeted therapies) are a class of medicines used to treat all stages of HER2-positive breast cancer and certain HER2-low breast cancers.Trastuzumab is currently used sequentially after completion of anthracycline-based chemotherapy as a single agent or in combination with taxanes. In this case report we present a female 51 year old patient with synchronous bilateral breast cancer Left breast wasHER2 negative cT2N0M0, stage I and Right breast was HER2 positive cT2N2M0 stage Ia, both breast cancers were hormone receptor positive. The patient was administered six cycles of Inj. genexol-PM, Inj. carboplatin, Inj. pertuzumab, Inj. trastuzumab, Inj. Pegasta as NAC, Followed by bilateral radical mastectomy, patient showed a complete tumor reduction with residual node in right breast contrary to left breast which showed partial response. (Left breast ypT1N0 (sn)M0 and right breast ypT0N1aM0).
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Maritska, Ziske, and Sarmoko. "Factors affecting the prognosis of hereditary of breast cancer: A review." Acta Biochimica Indonesiana 7, no. 1 (August 4, 2024): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.32889/actabioina.124.
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Around 10–15% of breast cancer incidences are related to hereditary syndromes, where most patients will have BRCA1/2 mutation, which accounts for the majority of the cases. Families with hereditary breast cancer will show an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, which is often characterized by the younger age of onset, the presence of ovarian cancers, breast cancers in both breasts, and breast cancer incidence in males. According to studies, BRCA1/2 mutations are most likely to be present in people with breast, ovarian, fallopian tubes, and primary peritoneal cancer. Additionally, the existence of these mutations raises the chance of getting prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, and malignant melanoma. Other characteristics that decreased overall survival in breast cancer patients with BRCA mutations include lymph node infiltration in the armpit, larger original tumors (T3 T4), older age, and negative steroid receptor status. This literature review will discuss factors affecting the survival of patients with hereditary breast cancer.
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Kaushal, Arjita. "Breast Cancer in Women, Signs and Treatment Approaches." NewBioWorld 2, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/nbw-jaab.2020-2-1-5.
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Cancer starts when cells start to grow out of control. Here we talk about breast cancer which starts in the breast hence the name. It is the second most common cause of death of cancer among women all over the world. Occur mostly in women but also in men. 5-10% of breast cancers are directly linked to generational mutations, parts of the breast that start breast cancer, such as lobules, ducts, and nipples. There are many types of treatment they have their pros and cons. Some tests that examine the breasts are used to diagnose breast cancer, like physical examination and health history, clinical breast exam, and mammogram, for treatment surgeries, therapies, etc. Treatment is recommended based on stages: stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, and stage 4.
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Lange, Jane M., Charlotte Gard, Ellen O’meara, and Ruth Etzioni. "Abstract P4-03-03: Elevated Risk of Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Women with Dense Breasts reflects a similarly Elevated Risk of Breast Cancer Onset that is Robust to the Effect of Density on Mammography Sensitivity." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (March 1, 2023): P4–03–03—P4–03–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p4-03-03.
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Abstract Dense breasts are associated with a higher risk of breast cancer diagnosis, which has impacted risk prediction tools and patient notification policies. However, given that mammography is less sensitive for women with dense breasts and these women may be subject to different confirmation testing pathways, the true association between breast density and cancer risk is unknown. We investigated the relationship between breast density and onset using a natural history model that accounts for differential sensitivity and rates of exams by breast density. Data consisted of Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium mammogram and cancer outcomes among women aged 40-54 with a first digital mammogram between 2000-2018 (N=33,542). Of these, 15,092 had non-dense (almost entirely fatty or scattered fibroglandular densities) and18,450 had dense (heterogeneously dense or extremely dense) breasts. We estimated the empirical sensitivity of mammograms in dense and non-dense breasts (fraction of diagnosed cancers that were screen detected) and examined rates of mammograms by density. We estimated the relative risk of breast cancer diagnosis five years after the first exam using Kaplan Meier methods and the relative risk of breast cancer onset from a natural history model, assuming density-specific sensitivity was equal to the empirical sensitivity. Empirical sensitivity was .88 in women with non-dense and .78 in women with dense breasts. Mammogram utilization was somewhat higher in women with dense breasts (HR for subsequent mammograms 1.10 (95% CI [1.07, 1.12]). The relative risk of diagnosis for dense versus non-dense breasts was 1.80 (95% CI [1.46,2.57]); based on the natural history model the relative risk of onset was 1.73 [1.43,2.25]. The estimated relative risk of onset ranged from 1.67 to 2.03 under assumptions that the relative sensitivity of the screening episode for dense versus non-dense breasts was 1.0 to 0.4. In conclusion, the association of risk of breast cancer onset with breast density is robust to assumptions about the relative sensitivity in dense and non-dense breasts. Citation Format: Jane M. Lange, Charlotte Gard, Ellen O’meara, Ruth Etzioni. Elevated Risk of Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Women with Dense Breasts reflects a similarly Elevated Risk of Breast Cancer Onset that is Robust to the Effect of Density on Mammography Sensitivity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-03.
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KAPPIL, MAYA, MARY BETH TERRY, LISSETTE DELGADO-CRUZATA, YUYAN LIAO, and REGINA SANTELLA. "Mismatch Repair Polymorphisms as Markers of Breast Cancer Prevalence in the Breast Cancer Family Registry." Anticancer Research 36, no. 9 (September 9, 2016): 4437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.10987.
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Anderson, William F., Ismail Jatoi, Julia Tse, and Philip S. Rosenberg. "Male Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Comparison With Female Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 2 (January 10, 2010): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.23.8162.
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Purpose Because of its rarity, male breast cancer is often compared with female breast cancer. Patients and Methods To compare and contrast male and female breast cancers, we obtained case and population data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program for breast cancers diagnosed from 1973 through 2005. Standard descriptive epidemiology was supplemented with age-period-cohort models and breast cancer survival analyses. Results Of all breast cancers, men with breast cancer make up less than 1%. Male compared with female breast cancers occurred later in life with higher stage, lower grade, and more estrogen receptor–positive tumors. Recent breast cancer incidence and mortality rates declined over time for men and women, but these trends were greater for women than for men. Comparing patients diagnosed from 1996 through 2005 versus 1976 through 1985, and adjusting for age, stage, and grade, cause-specific hazard rates for breast cancer death declined by 28% among men (P = .03) and by 42% among women (P ≈ 0). Conclusion There were three intriguing results. Age-specific incidence patterns showed that the biology of male breast cancer resembled that of late-onset female breast cancer. Similar breast cancer incidence trends among men and women suggested that there are common breast cancer risk factors that affect both sexes, especially estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. Finally, breast cancer mortality and survival rates have improved significantly over time for both male and female breast cancer, but progress for men has lagged behind that for women.
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Mahmoud, Mattia A., Sarah Ehsan, Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju, Susan M. Domchek, Katherine L. Nathanson, Despina Kontos, Emily F. Conant, and Anne Marie McCarthy. "Abstract C118: Racial disparities in insurance coverage for supplemental breast cancer screening." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 12_Supplement (December 1, 2023): C118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp23-c118.
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Abstract Introduction and Purpose: Women with dense breasts have increased risk both for developing breast cancer and false-negative mammograms. Supplemental screening with breast MRI has been shown to shown to significantly increase cancer detection among women with dense breasts. In May 2023, Pennsylvania (PA) mandated insurance coverage of one supplemental screening study (breast MRI or ultrasound ) annually for women with dense breasts. Prior research suggests that Black women have lower breast density on average than white women based on subjective grading from the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI-RADS), partially due to larger average breast size and higher body mass index (BMI) than white women. The purpose of this study was to estimate the potential impact of this supplemental screening law on different patient populations in a large health system. Methods: Women without prior breast cancer or known BRCA1/2 mutations who underwent mammographic screening at a large PA health system from April 2015-December 2017and completed a risk factor questionnaire were included (N=83,579). Under PA law, women must have either heterogeneously dense breasts plus >20% lifetime risk of breast cancer or extremely dense breasts to be eligible for insurance coverage for supplemental screening, both of which involve subjectively graded breast measurements. Breast cancer risk for each patient was estimated using the Gail model. The cancer detection rate (CDR) for mammographic screening was calculated as the number of cancers diagnosed within one year of a positive mammographic screen; the interval cancer rate was calculated as the number of cancers diagnosed within one year of a non-actionable screening mammogram per 1000 women. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of eligibility adjusted for age and BMI. Results: Black women were less likely to have extremely or heterogeneously dense breasts than white women (23.7% vs. 45.0%, p<0.001). Under PA law, 2.5% of Black women and 9.9% of white women would qualify for insurance coverage for supplemental screening (p<0.001). Only 0.2% of Black women and 2.3% of white women had heterogeneously dense breasts and >20% lifetime risk. Black women were more likely to have triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) than white women (p<0.001). After adjusting for age and BMI, Black women remained 54% less likely to be eligible for supplemental screening than white women (OR=0.46, 95% 0.42-0.51, p<0.001).Conclusions: Black women are less likely to qualify for insurance coverage for supplemental breast cancer screening than white women under PA law. Given that Black women have lower prevalence of subjectively graded dense breasts and higher prevalence of TNBC, the new supplemental screening law is unlikely to meaningfully reduce racial disparities in breast cancer mortality. Methods to better assess breast cancer risk among Black women, particularly the risk of TNBC, are urgently needed to identify Black women that may benefit from supplemental screening. Citation Format: Mattia A. Mahmoud, Sarah Ehsan, Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju, Susan M. Domchek, Katherine L. Nathanson, Despina Kontos, Emily F. Conant, Anne Marie McCarthy. Racial disparities in insurance coverage for supplemental breast cancer screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C118.
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Chan, Yik Shuen, Wai Ka Hung, Lok Wa Yuen, Ho Yan Yolanda Chan, Chiu Wing Winnie Chu, and Polly Suk Yee Cheung. "Comparison of Characteristics of Breast Cancer Detected through Different Imaging Modalities in a Large Cohort of Hong Kong Chinese Women: Implication of Imaging Choice on Upcoming Local Screening Program." Breast Journal 2022 (October 31, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3882936.
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Background. We compared the clinico-radio-pathological characteristics of breast cancer detected through mammogram (MMG) and ultrasound (USG) and discuss the implication of the choice of imaging as the future direction of our recently launched local screening program. Methods. Retrospective study of 14613 Hong Kong Chinese female patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer registered in the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry between January 2006 and February 2020. Patients were classified into four groups based on the mode of breast cancer detection (detectable by both mammogram and ultrasound (MMG+/USG+), mammogram only (MMG+/USG−), ultrasound only (MMG−/USG+), or not detectable by either (MMG−/USG−). Characteristics of breast cancer detected were compared, including patient demographics, breast density on MMG, mode of presentation, tumour size, histological type, and staging. Types of mammographic abnormalities were also evaluated for MMG+ subgroups. Results. 85% of the cancers were detectable by MMG, while USG detected an additional 9%. MMG+/USG+ cancers were larger, more advanced in stage, often of symptomatic presentation, and commonly manifested as mammographic mass. MMG+/USG− cancers were more likely of asymptomatic presentation, manifested as microcalcifications, and of earlier stage and to be ductal carcinoma in situ. MMG−/USG+ cancers were more likely seen in young patients and those with denser breasts and more likely of symptomatic presentation. MMG−/USG− cancers were often smaller and found in denser breasts. Conclusion. Mammogram has a good detection rate of cancers in our local population. It has superiority in detecting early cancers by detecting microcalcifications. Our current study agrees that ultrasound is one of the key adjunct tools of breast cancer detection.
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K S, Gopinath, and Saishruthi Rai. "Breast Conserving Surgery In Early Breast Cancer Evidence Based Review." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 1 (March 15, 2012): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v02i1.8.
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Dabrosin, Nina, and Charlotta Dabrosin. "Postmenopausal Dense Breasts Maintain Premenopausal Levels of GH and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Vivo." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 5 (January 4, 2020): 1617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz323.
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Abstract Context Dense breast tissue is associated with 4 to 6 times higher risk of breast cancer by poorly understood mechanisms. No preventive therapy for this high-risk group is available. After menopause, breast density decreases due to involution of the mammary gland. In dense breast tissue, this process is haltered by undetermined biological actions. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like binding proteins (IGFBPs) play major roles in normal mammary gland development, but their roles in maintaining breast density are unknown. Objective To reveal in vivo levels of GH, IGFBPs, and other pro-tumorigenic proteins in the extracellular microenvironment in breast cancer, in normal breast tissue with various breast density in postmenopausal women, and premenopausal breasts. We also sought to determine possible correlations between these determinants. Setting and Design Microdialysis was used to collect extracellular in vivo proteins intratumorally from breast cancers before surgery and from normal human breast tissue from premenopausal women and postmenopausal women with mammographic dense or nondense breasts. Results Estrogen receptor positive breast cancers exhibited increased extracellular GH (P < .01). Dense breasts of postmenopausal women exhibited similar levels of GH as premenopausal breasts and significantly higher levels than in nondense breasts (P < .001). Similar results were found for IGFBP-1, -2, -3, and -7 (P < .01) and for IGFBP-6 (P <.05). Strong positive correlations were revealed between GH and IGFBPs and pro-tumorigenic matrix metalloproteinases, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 8, and vascular endothelial growth factor in normal breast tissue. Conclusions GH pathways may be targetable for cancer prevention therapeutics in postmenopausal women with dense breast tissue.
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Kakkar, Vikas, Rajiv Sharma, Karanvir Singh, and Anmol Randhawa. "Trends of breast tumour laterality and age-wise incidence rates in North Indian population." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20203229.
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Background: The breast is a paired organ. The two breasts share many of the risk factors known to contribute to the development of cancer genetics, environmental exposure, diet, and estrogen exposure, etc. By studying differences in the occurrence of breast cancer between the left and right breast, we can control for these common risk factors. Previous studies of breast cancer asymmetry have established that the laterality ratio is greater than 1.0 in women.Methods: We have taken 420 total cases to study the breast tumour laterality in women and age wise incidence of carcinoma breast in northern India. The study included all consecutive adult patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer, either invasive or carcinoma in situ. Multiple cancers were defined as two or more primary cancers occurring in an individual that were not an extension, recurrence, or metastasis. Based on the chronology of presentation, they were categorized as synchronous or metachronous primaries.Results: Out of 420 cases of breast cancer it was seen that 193 patients i.e. 45.95% of women under observation had left sided breast tumour, 225 patients i.e. 53.57% of women had right sided breast tumour and only 2 patients i.e. 0.48% patients had bilateral lesions in the breast.Conclusions: This result suggests the possible role of estrogen hormone in the reversed lateralization of breast cancer in comparison to other paired organ cancers in post-menopausal women suggesting that North Indian population has higher incidence of right sided breast cancer.
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Abramson, Lisa, Lindsey Massaro, J. Jaime Alberty-Oller, and Amy Melsaether. "Breast Imaging During Pregnancy and Lactation." Journal of Breast Imaging 1, no. 4 (November 5, 2019): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbz065.
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Abstract Breast imaging during pregnancy and lactation is important in order to avoid delays in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-associated breast cancers. Radiologists have an opportunity to improve breast cancer detection by becoming familiar with appropriate breast imaging and providing recommendations to women and their referring physicians. Importantly, during pregnancy and lactation, both screening and diagnostic breast imaging can be safely performed. Here we describe when and how to screen, how to work up palpable masses, and evaluate bloody nipple discharge. The imaging features of common findings in the breasts of pregnant and lactating women are also reviewed. Finally, we address breast cancer staging and provide a brief primer on treatment options for pregnancy-associated breast cancers.
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Al-Mulla, Fahd. "Genomic profiling of early-onset and hereditary breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 26_suppl (September 10, 2014): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.26_suppl.30.
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30 Background: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Susceptibility is thought to be polygenic and the risk tends to increase in women with positive family history of breast cancer. Methods: We proposed an ambitious Middle Eastern-based study that entailed exome sequencing of approximately 50 women from the Middle East (M.E) with moderate family history of any cancer. DNA from tumor samples with matching lymphocytes from the same subjects and 50 normal Middle Eastern women without history of familial or sporadic cancers in the family, were subjected to whole-exome sequencing on the HiSeq 1000/2000 Illumina platforms to map major breast cancer–activating genetic defects. Results: Several unique to the M.E region and novel germline mutations in non-BRCA1/2 genes were identified in this cohort. Germline mutations in TP-53, BARD1 and mismatch repair genes were more frequent than expected by chance. More importantly, the breast cancers showed interesting copy number and mutations variants that may aid our understanding of breast cancer initiations. Conclusions: The M.E. breat cancer may be caused by a unique set of germline variants and that the M.E breast cancers may represent an entity that may aid in our understanding of this common disease.
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Soni Ahirrao, Vinanti Bhoeer, Shivani Patil, and Himani Jawale. "Breast Cancer Detection." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 10, no. 6 (December 16, 2020): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.6.8.
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Breast Cancer is highly predominant in women in today’s world. It starts in the breast during the initial stages and spreads to other areas of the body after some period of time. Breast cancer is the second-largest disease leading to the death of women. The disease is curable if detected early enough. Breast Cancer Application monitors the abnormal growth of breast cells during the early stages. They are often diagnosed during the advanced stages of breast cancer. It is the second most diagnosed cancer in women, affecting one in every eight women. Our project comprises two modules, first consists of an application with user login and self-test examine section where and the second section consists of identifying benign and malignant cells. The second section will be used by doctors' side for the detection of abnormalities of breasts as early as possible by providing the user screening data set. It contains Machine Learning techniques for the classification of malignant and benign tumors. There are more treatment options and a better chance of survival. If breast cancer is detected during the early stages then there is a 93 percent of higher survival rate in the first five years.
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MEHEDINTU-IONESCU, Mihai, Stefan-Andrei COMAN, and Horia-Alexandru TOADER. "A Clinical Case Study of Synchronous Breast Cancer." Medicina Moderna - Modern Medicine 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31689/rmm.2021.28.3.329.
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The following article represents a clinical case study of a synchronous breast cancer in a 47 year old woman with no prior significant comorbidities.Up to 10% of all breast cancers can be synchronous (usually found with the help of breast MRI). The occurrence of bilaterally is considerable with invasive lobular carcinoma. The patient observed after self-palpating her breast a nodule in the infero-external quadrant of the right breast. During almost 4 months the patient underwent punch biopsy of the right breast, lumpectomy and finally double mastectomy with immediate reconstruction using Mentor implants and AMD. The histopathological result showed ductal carcinoma in situ in the right breast and lobular carcinoma in situ in both breasts. Postoperatively the patient is free of cancer, but under clinical and imagistic surveillance.
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MEHEDINTU-IONESCU, Mihai, Stefan-Andrei COMAN, and Horia-Alexandru TOADER. "A Clinical Case Study of Synchronous Breast Cancer." Medicina Moderna - Modern Medicine 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31689/rmm.2021.28.3.329.
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The following article represents a clinical case study of a synchronous breast cancer in a 47 year old woman with no prior significant comorbidities.Up to 10% of all breast cancers can be synchronous (usually found with the help of breast MRI). The occurrence of bilaterally is considerable with invasive lobular carcinoma. The patient observed after self-palpating her breast a nodule in the infero-external quadrant of the right breast. During almost 4 months the patient underwent punch biopsy of the right breast, lumpectomy and finally double mastectomy with immediate reconstruction using Mentor implants and AMD. The histopathological result showed ductal carcinoma in situ in the right breast and lobular carcinoma in situ in both breasts. Postoperatively the patient is free of cancer, but under clinical and imagistic surveillance.
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Rana, Manjit Kaur, and M. K. Mahajan M K Mahajan. "Comprehensive Histopathological Examination and Breast Cancer." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): A28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.2481.
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Yamauchi, Hideko. "Breast Cancer Screening System in USA." Nihon Nyugan Kenshin Gakkaishi (Journal of Japan Association of Breast Cancer Screening) 21, no. 2 (2012): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3804/jjabcs.21.115.
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Vargas-Hernández, Víctor Manuel. "BREAST CANCER AND BONE HEALTH UPTODATE." Archives of Gynaecology and Women Health 1, no. 1 (February 6, 2023): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-497x/005.
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Background: breast cancer is the most common tumor in women worldwide and osteoporosis is linked to it, 70-80% of patients receive adjuvant endocrine therapy to improve prognosis; but, they accelerate bone loss and increase the risk of fractures by causing inflammation that stimulates bone breakdown and slows bone growth; Assessment of initial risk of fracture, monitoring of bone health and individualization based on initial risk, implementation of non-pharmacological measures, consideration of bone mineral density T-scores, guidance on criteria for starting antiresorptive treatment, choice of agents and duration of treatment, taking into account the oncological benefits of antiresorptive treatment. Objective: to analyze and evaluate the causes of bone loss in patients with breast cancer, adequate detection to estimate the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, prevention and therapeutic strategies for these, and the role of antiresorptive agents as adjuvant therapy. Conclusions: Despite advances in the management of bone loss induced by breast cancer, the optimal time to start antiresorptive agents and the duration of treatment remain unanswered; although, the evidence supports the use of therapeutic agents to protect bone health in breast cancer. Future clinical trials, as well as increased awareness of bone health, are needed to improve prevention, evaluation, and treatment in long-term breast cancer survivors.
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Shahab, Ariba, and Subuhi Anwar. "CRUCUMIN ROLE IN BREAST CANCER TREATMENT." Era's Journal of Medical Research 10, no. 01 (June 2023): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2023.16.
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One of the most common forms of malignant tumors is breast cancer worldwide, has a high fatality rate. The development of novel chemicals and technological advancements that will allow the adoption of safer and more efficient therapeutic techniques has received a lot of attention in order to address this problem. In order to maximize tumor growth inhibition and reduce side effects, it has been suggested that combining nanoparticles with well-known anticancer agents including compounds derived from plants, like curcumin is an effective strategy. Curcumin exploits a complex network of molecular signals, including the proliferative, ER, and HER2 pathways, to exert its anticancer actions. According to experimental results, curcumin controls genes associated to cell phase, microRNA, and apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
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Hussain, Dr Hidayath. "Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Breast Cancer Patients." Journal of Medical Science and clinical Research 12, no. 01 (January 31, 2024): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v12i01.09.
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Background ● The Population with malignancy is growing worldwide. ● TB remains most common infectious disease worldwide that leads to high mortality. ● The relationship between TB and cancer is of dual nature. Patients with malignant diseases are at increased risk for diseases caused by mycobacteria. Patients with depressed cellular immunity such as those who have cancer, transplant patients and patients on immunosuppressive therapy are at particular risk. ● The risk of TB in patients with malignancy is due to immunosuppression from the cancer itself or from the chemotherapy. ● The incidence of pulmonary TB has been therefore reportedly increasing in patients with cancer in both pulmonary and non pulmonary cancers. ● The incidence of TB in cancer patients is also increasing annually from 3% to 23 % in 2022. ● Patients with diabetes, HIV, and cancer patients and persons on corticosteroid frequently present with lower zone tuberculosis. ● It affects females more commonly as compared to males and tuberculosis should be looked in females with lower lung field lesions. ● Cough is the most frequent presentation of lower zone TB as compared to upper zone TB. ● In immunocompromised patients, isolated lower lung field were involved in almost 23.3% patients.
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Ma, Le, Yuxing Cai, Xiaojia Lin, Zilong He, Hui Zeng, Weiguo Chen, and Genggeng Qin. "Association of the Differences in Average Glandular Dose with Breast Cancer Risk." BioMed Research International 2020 (November 19, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8943659.
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Objectives. To compare the differences in normalized average glandular dose (NAGD) between the breasts of healthy subjects and those of cancer patients and to determine if the NAGD difference is associated with breast cancer risk and improves breast cancer classification. Materials and Methods. Craniocaudal view and mediolateral view full-field digital mammography (FFDM) images were obtained from 1682 healthy subjects whose breasts were categorized as Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) I or II and from 811 biopsy-confirmed unilateral breast cancer patients whose breasts on the contralateral side were category I or II. Both populations were randomized into training and test sets. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to build the breast cancer risk assessment model, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( A z ) was used to evaluate the model. Twenty-two breast cancer patients who were originally categorized as BI-RADS I or II for both breasts, but were diagnosed with unilateral biopsy-confirmed breast cancer subsequently, were included to validate the model. Results. The NAGD differences in both FFDM images between tumor-bearing breasts and the healthy breasts of patients were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects ( P < 0.001 ). The model with NAGD differences had a higher A z value than the model without NAGD differences. While there was no NAGD differences between originally healthy breasts of breast cancer patients, significant NAGD differences between now tumor-bearing breasts and the then previously healthy breasts were found in both FFDM images. Conclusions. NAGD differences between both breasts can be included in the breast cancer risk assessment model to evaluate breast cancer risk.
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Ding, Rui, Yi Xiao, Miao Mo, Ying Zheng, Yi-Zhou Jiang, and Zhi-Ming Shao. "Breast cancer screening and early diagnosis in Chinese women." Cancer Biology & Medicine 19, no. 4 (April 5, 2022): 450–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0676.
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Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Chinese women, and its incidence is increasing. Regular screening is an effective method for early tumor detection and improving patient prognosis. In this review, we analyze the epidemiological changes and risk factors associated with breast cancer in China and describe the establishment of a screening strategy suitable for Chinese women. Chinese patients with breast cancer tend to be younger than Western patients and to have denser breasts. Therefore, the age of initial screening in Chinese women should be earlier, and the importance of screening with a combination of ultrasound and mammography is stressed. Moreover, Chinese patients with breast cancers have several ancestry-specific genetic features, and aiding in the determination of genetic screening strategies for identifying high-risk populations. On the basis of current studies, we summarize the development of risk-stratified breast cancer screening guidelines for Chinese women and describe the significant improvement in the prognosis of patients with breast cancer in China.
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Jochelson, Maxine. "Advanced Imaging Techniques for the Detection of Breast Cancer." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 32 (June 2012): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14694/edbook_am.2012.32.223.
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Overview: Mammography is the only breast imaging examination that has been shown to reduce breast cancer mortality. Population-based sensitivity is 75% to 80%, but sensitivity in high-risk women with dense breasts is only in the range of 50%. Breast ultrasound and contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have become additional standard modalities used in the diagnosis of breast cancer. In high-risk women, ultrasound is known to detect approximately four additional cancers per 1,000 women. MRI is exquisitely sensitive for the detection of breast cancer. In high-risk women, it finds an additional four to five cancers per 100 women. However, both ultrasound and MRI are also known to lead to a large number of additional benign biopsies and short-term follow-up examinations. Many new breast imaging tools have improved and are being developed to improve on our current ability to diagnose early-stage breast cancer. These can be divided into two groups. The first group is those that are advances in current techniques, which include digital breast tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced mammography and ultrasound with elastography or microbubbles. The other group includes new breast imaging platforms such as breast computed tomography (CT) scanning and radionuclide breast imaging. These are exciting advances. However, in this era of cost and radiation containment, it is imperative to look at all of them objectively to see which will provide clinically relevant additional information.
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Kim, Ki Hwan, Hyeonseob Nam, Eunji Lim, and Chan-Young Ock. "Development of AI-powered imaging biomarker for breast cancer risk assessment on the basis of mammography alone." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 10519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10519.
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10519 Background: There is increasing interest in early detection of breast cancer by utilizing MRI in high-risk populations. However, it is still challenging to define and enrich the high-risk population. In this study, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered Imaging Biomarker in Mammography (IBM) to discover unique mammographic patterns, beyond simple density evaluations, that are related to breast cancer. Methods: A total of 49,577 mammography exams were collected to develop the AI-powered IBM, in which 6,218 were cancers. First, we evaluated the hypothesis that the unaffected breast of cancer patients would have a different pattern than that of non-cancer patients, by training AI (IBM-A) with unaffected breast in cancer patients and breasts of non-cancer patients. We then utilized further images of the cancer patients to train AI (IBM-B). This time we used both affected and unaffected breasts of cancer patients and breasts of non-cancer patients, allowing IBM-B to additionally learn patterns related to breast cancer. The IBMs were evaluated using the internal data (n = 2,058) that included 719 cancers. To demonstrate the feasibility of early detection by using IBM-B, it was tested with external data (n = 4,158) from an independent institution. This included pre-index exams (n = 292) taken prior to index exams acquired at the time of cancer diagnosis. Results: With the internal data, IBM-A showed AUC of 0.842, suggesting that AI could learn the difference between the normal breast of cancer patients and non-cancer patients. With IBM-B, which used additional cancer images to train, AUC was improved to 0.852. Based on the internal validation, IBM-B was chosen for the external validation, in which pre-index examinations were used only. IBM-B showed AUC of 0.777 in discriminating the pre-index exams of cancer patients and those of non-cancer patients. The radiologists excluded the apparent missed cancers (n = 87) by reviewing the pre-index exams retrospectively. After, the recalculated AUC of IBM-B was 0.770, suggesting that IBM-B can distinguish between mammograms of patients who will develop breast cancer in the future and those who will not. The mean IBM-B scores in pre-index exams of cancer group (0.580) were significantly higher than those in the normal (0.258, P < 0.001) and benign (0.258, P < 0.001) groups. Conclusions: AI-powered IBM could detect the unique parenchymal pattern associated with high breast cancer risks, and we show the potential of the AI-powered IBM to be used as an independent biomarker to select high-risk populations based on mammography alone.[Table: see text]
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Freedman, Beth Cutler, Jocelyn Luongo, Alyssa Gillego, Tamara Fulop, and Susan K. Boolbol. "Does breast density affect the ability of MRI to detect mammographically occult cancers?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2012): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.27_suppl.54.
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54 Background: In breast cancer patients, the use of preoperative MRI is increasing. A change in the operative plan due to MRI findings occurs in 8%-20% of cases. Preoperative MRI is used routinely by many surgeons and radiologists, but debate persists with regard to its indications. We evaluated whether mammographic breast density affected MRI findings. We also examined whether the number of MRI detected synchronous cancers were affected by breast density. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who underwent preoperative MRI from 2008-2011. There were three categories of breast density: fat-replaced, scattered fibroglandular densities, and dense. We determined the number of patients in each group who underwent biopsies based on MRI findings, and evaluated the number of occult cancers diagnosed as a result of these biopsies. Results: 301 patients were included. Overall, 64 patients (21%) who underwent an image guided biopsy based on pre-operative breast MRI were diagnosed with an additional focus of cancer. Of the 17 patients with fat-replaced breasts, 4 underwent additional biopsy, and carcinoma was identified in all patients. 149 patients had scattered fibroglandular densities; 53 (36%) underwent additional biopsies. New cancers were diagnosed in 28 patients (19%). Of 135 patients with dense breasts, 61 patients (45%) had additional biopsies, and new cancers were diagnosed in 24 % of these patients. Conclusions: MRI detected additional cancer in 21% of patients in this study. MRI is sensitive and specific in patients with fat-replaced breasts (100%), but due to the small number of patients in this group, additional studies must be done to evaluate the usefulness in this group of patients. We conclude that MRI is useful for detecting additional cancers in patients of all breast densities, and may change the surgical options of the patient when multicentric or contralateral disease is diagnosed.[Table: see text]
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Singh Randhawa, Amritjot. "Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Uterine Cervix Mimicking Cervical Cancer." Indian Journal of Cancer Education and Research 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijcer.2321.9815.8120.8.
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Altundag, Kadri, Ibrahim Petekkaya, Ugur Sahin, Mustafa Solak, and Yavuz Ozisik. "Non-breast solid malignancies among breast cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e11092-e11092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e11092.
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e11092 Background: Due to advances in treatment modalities and palliative care patients with breast cancer live longer compared to the past and thus encounter an increased risk for secondary cancers. This study aims at finding the frequency of other solid cancers in a retrospective cohort. Methods: A search for the history of a non-breast solid tumor (NBST) among 1914 women admitted to our institute with stage I to IV breast cancer between 2006 – 2012 was conducted. Frequency of NBST according to temporal relation with breast cancer diagnosis was calculated Results: Overall 79 NBST and 75 patients (3.9 %) with another solid tumor were discovered. Of the patients 4 had more than one tumor. For these patients the median age at diagnosis was 55 (28 – 93), median follow-up time for breast cancer was 32 months (1 – 132). Post-menopausality was 60.8 %. The most common breast cancer histology was infiltrative ductal carcinoma (70.9 %). Of the 79 NBST, 34 (43.0 %) were diagnosed after breast cancer; 30 (38.0 %) before; and 15 (19.0 %) synchronously. Median time of diagnosis for NBST after breast cancer was 21 months (7 – 296). The most common malignancies were cancers of the ovary, thyroid and uterus (17.7, 15.2 and 11.4 %, respectively). Conclusions: The frequency of gynecological cancers and thyroid cancer along the course of breast cancer is high. Common environmental and genetic factors and may be involved. These patients should be followed closely
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PARVANI, ZEHRA. "BREAST SELF EXAMINATION." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 02 (June 10, 2011): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.02.2107.
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Aim: The purpose of this systemic review is to explore the literature on breast self examination and on breast awareness. Objectives: To evaluate the importance of breast awareness. (1) To prove breast awareness is a an effective strategy for health promotion. (2) To clarify the difference between breast awareness and breast self examination. (3) To critique self breast examination as an effective method for screening breast cancers. Methodology: To review the literature supporting breast self examination and breast awareness Medline, CINAHL, Pubmed, Science Direct and Cochrane Databases were used. The key words “breast awareness”, “difference” and “breast self examination” were used in conjunction with “breast cancer”, “breast screening” and “health promotion” to search the recent articles of last 5 years from 2005 to 2010. Conclusions: It was concluded through the literature support that breast self-examination does not reduce breast cancer mortality whereas; breast awareness provides women with some knowledge about the breasts to fight breast disease and to reduce morbidity but not to reduce the mortality.
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Begum, Husneara, Md Asadullah, and Sharmin Hossain. "Breast Self-Examination: An Early Familiar Diagnostic Test of Breast Cancer." Annals of International Medical and Dental Research 9, no. 3 (June 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2023.9.3.1.
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Background: Among female patients’ breast cancer are a growing threat for over a century. In women, breast cancer is the most common malignancy universally such as 154 of 185 nations. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, very low-cost, non-invasive early detection method used to detect early breast cancer, which involves the woman herself looking at and feeling for any change in their breast as early as possible, which yields a better survival rate. BSE should be done for all women older than 20 years. This study intended to determine knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of breast cancer among medical and non-medical undergraduate students. Material & Methods: A descriptive cross‑sectional study was conducted from October to November 2019 to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of BSE. The target population consisted of undergraduate female medical and non‑medical students. A total of 154 (N=154) undergraduate female students participated in this study. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. Results: Among the study population (N=154) with an early familiar diagnosis of breast cancer ”breast self-examination, the mean age of them was 20.434±4.38. Of seventy-eight respondents (n=78), breast cancer screening test was heard by around half of the medical students (42, 53.8%) & of seventy-six non-medical respondents (n=76), around three-fifth of them (46, 60.5%) did not hear about breast cancer screening test. There was no significant relationship between them (p=0.394). Forty medical students (40, 51.3% and twenty-five non-medical students (25, 32.9%) had no idea, twenty-four medical students (24, 30.8%) & forty-three (43, 56.6%) non-medical students had monthly BSE done. Conclusion: Initial diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have a definite survival benefit. So early detection is an issue of necessity to be uplifted. The results of the present study suggested that knowledge regarding breast cancer, its risk factors, sign symptoms, prevention measures, and performance of BSE is insufficient.
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Nigam, Aruna, and Neeti Singhal. "Breast Cancer Screening: Guidelines and Opportunities for Gynecologists." Journal of Colposcopy and Lower Genital Tract Pathology 2, no. 2 (May 2024): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jclgtp.jclgtp_13_24.
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Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and is the leading cause of deaths from cancer among women. It accounts for 12% of all cancer cases worldwide and 39.4% of the total cancer cases in women in India. The number is expected to rise to more than 2.3 lakh cases by the year 2025. As a general instinct, females usually come to gynecologists with problems related to breasts apart from other gynecological problems. Hence, they play a vital role in early detection by identifying the high-risk patients, screening them and spreading awareness. Risk factors for each age group should be identified and guidelines for screening must be followed. Breast selfexamination should be promoted and awareness regarding it should be spread as it can detect almost 90% of breast cancers. Clinical breast assessment skills should be developed and mammography should be encouraged.
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Saricam, Murat. "Diagnostic utilization of thoracoscopy for the pleural metastases of breast cancer." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 4, Reports in Microbiology, Infecti (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijmrcr.thoracoscopy-pleural-metastases-breast-cancer.
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Ouakil, N., S. Kechnaoui, G. S. Moussounda Mpika, M. Ijim, O. Fikri, and L. Amro. "Multiple Primary Cancers: Association of Breast Cancer and Lung Carcinoma." Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 12, no. 01 (January 20, 2024): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2024.v12i01.024.
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Multiple primary cancers are relatively rare. The association between lung and breast cancer remains exceptional and requires genetic investigation and identification of factors that promote cancer development. We report the case of a 39-year-old patient who was hospitalized for a left lung lesion with nodules in both breasts. Bronchial biopsies confirmed a primary lung adenocarcinoma. A biopsy of the breast revealed an infiltrating carcinoma of NOS type. The treatment consisted of palliative chemotherapy. Although the association of multiple cancers remains rare, their discovery requires a specific therapeutic approach depending on the staging of each cancer.
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Litton, Jennifer K., Harold J. Burstein, and Nicholas C. Turner. "Molecular Testing in Breast Cancer." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 39 (May 2019): e1-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/edbk_237715.
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Molecular testing for genetic and genomic variation has become an integral part of breast cancer management. Patients with a family history of breast cancer or other tumors, bilateral breast cancers, or early-onset breast cancers warrant genetic testing to determine whether a hereditary cancer syndrome is present. The availability of PARP inhibitors—drugs that are selectively active in BRCA1/2-associated breast cancers—has created the need for hereditary cancer testing for all patients diagnosed with advanced breast cancer. Tumor genomic profiling is the standard of care for many types of malignancies and is becoming increasingly important in the management of advanced breast cancer. Targetable mutations in advanced breast cancer include PIK3CA, HER2, and rare instances of mismatch deficiency or other targets for tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The development of methods for sequencing cell-free DNA should allow for broader and easier implementation of tumor genomic testing. Transcriptome-based expression signatures have become the standard of care in the management of early-stage estrogen receptor–positive breast cancers. These assays provide prognostic significance in the setting of adjuvant endocrine therapy and are predictive for benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Collectively, these developments underscore the contemporary reality that molecular testing is now part of the clinical management for the majority of patients with breast cancer.
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Wu, Wen-Pei, Chih-Yu Chen, Chih-Wei Lee, Hwa-Koon Wu, Shou-Tung Chen, Yu-Ting Wu, Ying-Jen Lin, Dar-Ren Chen, Shou-Jen Kuo, and Hung-Wen Lai. "Impact of pre-operative breast magnetic resonance imaging on contralateral synchronous and metachronous breast cancer detection—A case control comparison study with 1468 primary operable breast cancer patients with mean follow-up of 102 months." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): e0260093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260093.
Full textAbstract:
Background Women with unilateral breast cancer are at an increased risk for the development of contralateral breast cancers. We hypothesis that combined breast MRI would detect more contralateral synchronous breast cancer than conventional imaging alone, and resulted in less contralateral metachronous breast cancer during follow-up. Methods We retrospectively collected two groups of breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2009 to 2013 for evaluating the effectiveness and value of adding pre-operative breast MRI to conventional breast images (mammography and sonography) for detection of contralateral synchronous breast cancer. The new metachronous contralateral breast cancer diagnosed during follow-up was prospectively evaluated and compared. Results Group A (n = 733) comprised patients who underwent conventional preoperative imaging and group B (n = 735) combined with MRI were enrolled and compared. Seventy (9.5%) of the group B patients were found to have contralateral lesions detected by breast MRI, and 65.7% of these lesions only visible with MRI. The positive predictive value of breast MRI detected contralateral lesions was 48.8%. With the addition of breast MRI to conventional imaging studies, more surgical excisions were performed in contralateral breasts (6% (44/735) versus 1.4% (10/733), P< 0.01), more synchronous contralateral breast cancer detected (2.9% (21/735) versus 1.1% (8/733), P = 0.02), and resulted in numerical less (2.2% (16/714) versus 3% (22/725), p = 0.3) metachronous contralateral breast cancer during a mean follow-up of 102 months. Conclusions Our study provides useful estimates of the pre-operative breast MRI for the increased detection of contralateral synchronous breast cancer and less subsequent contralateral metachronous breast cancer.