Journal articles: 'Breast Cancer South Australia'

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DE IESO, Paul B., Andrew E. POTTER, Hien LE, Colin LUKE, and Raghavendra V. GOWDA. "Male breast cancer: A 30-year experience in South Australia." Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology 8, no. 2 (February 20, 2012): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-7563.2011.01492.x.

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Bilinski, Kellie, Karen Byth, and John Boyages. "Association between Latitude and Breast Cancer Incidence in Mainland Australian Women." Journal of Cancer Research 2014 (December 9, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/149865.

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Aim. To investigate whether breast cancer incidence increases with increasing latitude in mainland Australian women. Methods. A cross-sectional study of female breast cancer and cutaneous melanoma incidence 2002–2006 by 5-year age group and local government area. Latitude, Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA), and Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage (IRSD) were assigned to local government areas. Latitude was grouped into bands (≤27°S; >27–30°S; >30–33°S; >33–36°S, and >36°S), and IRSD was divided into quintiles and ARIA into four categories. Breast cancer rates were age standardized using the direct method. The joint effects of latitude, age, IRSD, and ARIA on incidence of breast cancer and cutaneous melanoma were assessed using multiple logistic regressions. Results. At latitudes south of 30°S, rates of breast cancer were over double that north of 27°S (76.4 versus 160.2–176.5). Age-adjusted odds ratios of breast cancer were increased in all latitudes south of 30°S compared with north of 27°S within each IRSD and ARIA category (all P<0.001). After adjusting for age, IRSD, and ARIA, the odds ratio of breast cancer south of 30°S was 1.92 (95% CI 1.84–2.09; P<0.001), whereas cutaneous melanoma was 0.65 (95% CI 0.61–0.68; P<0.001) times north of 30°S. Discussion. Increasing latitude is positively associated with breast cancer and negatively associated with cutaneous melanoma incidence. These findings support suggestions that increased risk of breast cancer might be explained by lower ultraviolet radiation-induced vitamin D synthesis.

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Taylor, Richard, Stephen Morrell, Jane Estoesta, and Ann Brassil. "Mammography Screening and Breast Cancer Mortality in New South Wales, Australia." Cancer Causes & Control 15, no. 6 (August 2004): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:caco.0000036153.95908.f2.

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Tallis, G. M., and T. J. O’Neill. "Evaluation of the impact of breast cancer screening in South Australia." Internal Medicine Journal 39, no. 3 (March 2009): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01886.x.

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Beckmann, Kerri Rose, David Murray Roder, Janet Esther Hiller, Gelareh Farshid, and John William Lynch. "Influence of Mammographic Screening on Breast Cancer Incidence Trends in South Australia." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 15, no. 7 (April 1, 2014): 3105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.7.3105.

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Chiu, Clayton, Stephen Morrell, Andrew Page, Mary Rickard, Ann Brassil, and Richard Taylor. "Population-based Mammography Screening and Breast Cancer Incidence in New South Wales, Australia." Cancer Causes & Control 17, no. 2 (March 2006): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-2368-x.

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Tallis, G. M., P. Leppard, and T. J. O'Neill. "The effect on survival of early detection of breast cancer in South Australia." Model Assisted Statistics and Applications 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2006): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mas-2005-1208.

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Lee, C. K., L. Browne, P. Bastick, and W. Liauw. "Women from non-English speaking backgrounds living in Australia present with later stage breast cancer: A population study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 17043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.17043.

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17043 Background: Ethnicity may influence both the incidence and prognosis of breast cancer. We have conducted an analysis to determine if women from non-English speaking backgrounds (NESB) living in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, present with later stage breast cancer compared to women from English speaking backgrounds (ESB); and to determine whether there is an impact on their survival. Methods: Data from the NSW Cancer Registry (1980 to 2004) was used to identify women with their first presentation of breast cancer. Stage of breast cancer was classified as early (insitu or localized) versus late (regional nodal or distant metastatic spread) according to registry definitions. Country of birth was used as a surrogate for language status. Stage at diagnosis was compared between ESB versus NESB women. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of late stage disease and Cox regression to determine survival outcomes Results: 60,676 of 75,583 cases were considered suitable for analysis. Of these 16.64% were NESB. Accounting for potential confounding variables, NESB women were more likely to have late stage disease than ESB women (OR= 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.17). Analysis by geographical region of birth revealed women born in Middle Eastern region were most likely to have late stage disease at presentation (OR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.60). In multivariable analysis of all-cause mortality NESB women had a superior overall survival (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.94) compared to ESB women, however, there was no difference in breast cancer specific survival between these groups by univariate analysis (logrank p=0.46). Conclusions: In New South Wales, Australia, NESB women have a delayed presentation with breast cancer as indicted by more advanced stage. However, stage-adjusted, breast cancer specific survival in NESB women is similar to the ESB women. Further studies are required to determine the reasons for delayed detection for NESB women. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Butow, Phyllis Noemi, Lynley Aldridge, Melanie Bell, Ming Sze, Maurice Eisenbruch, Madeleine King, Michael Jefford, Penelope Schofield, Priya Duggal-Beri, and David Goldstein. "Cancer survivorship outcomes in immigrants." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 6111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6111.

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6111 Background: Immigration is increasing world-wide. Cancer survivorship is now recognised as a period of difficult adjustment for all patients, and possibly more so for immigrants. We explored disparities in quality of life outcomes for immigrant (IM) versus Anglo-Australian (AA) cancer survivors. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, cancer survivors were recruited through the New South Wales, Queensland and Victorian Cancer Registries in Australia. IM participants, their parents and grandparents were born in a country where Chinese, Greek, or Arabic is spoken and spoke one of those languages. AAs were born in Australia and spoke English. All were diagnosed with cancer 1-3 years previously. Questionnaires (completed in preferred language) included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety/ depression), FACT-G (quality of life) and Supportive Care Needs Survey (unmet needs). Outcomes were compared between AA and IM groups in adjusted regression models that included age, gender, socio-economic status, education, marital status, religion, time since diagnosis and cancer type (prostate, colorectal, breast and other). Results: There were 599 participants (response rate 41%). Consent was unrelated to demographic and disease variables. AA and IM groups were similar except that immigrants had higher proportions in the low and highly educated groups (p < 0.0001), and higher socioeconomic status (p = 0.0003). In adjusted analyses (see table), IMs had clinically significant higher depression (possible range 0-21), greater unmet information and physical needs, and lower quality of life than AAs. The possible range for the latter three is 0-100. Conclusions: Immigrants experience poorer outcomes in cancer survivorship, even after adjusting for socio-economic, demographic and disease differences. Interventions are required to improve their adjustment after cancer. Results highlight areas of unmet need that might be better addressed by the health system (particularly with regard to provision of information and support. [Table: see text]

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Yu, Xue Qin, David Goldsbury, Sarsha Yap, Mei Ling Yap, and Dianne L. O'Connell. "Contributions of prognostic factors to socioeconomic disparities in cancer survival: protocol for analysis of a cohort with linked data." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e030248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030248.

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IntroductionSocioeconomic disparities in cancer survival have been reported in many developed countries, including Australia. Although some international studies have investigated the determinants of these socioeconomic disparities, most previous Australian studies have been descriptive, as only limited relevant data are generally available. Here, we describe a protocol for a study to use data from a large-scale Australian cohort linked with several other health-related databases to investigate several groups of factors associated with socioeconomic disparities in cancer survival in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and quantify their contributions to the survival disparities.Methods and analysisThe Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study participants completed a baseline questionnaire during 2006–2009. Those who were subsequently diagnosed with cancer of the colon, rectum, lung or female breast will be included. This study sample will be identified by linkage with NSW Cancer Registry data for 2006–2013, and their vital status will be determined by linking with cause of death records up to 31 December 2015. The study cohort will be divided into four groups based on each of the individual education level and an area-based socioeconomic measure. The treatment received will be obtained through linking with hospital records and Medicare and pharmaceutical claims data. Cox proportional hazards models will be fitted sequentially to estimate the percentage contributions to overall socioeconomic survival disparities of patient factors, tumour and diagnosis factors, and treatment variables.Ethics and disseminationThis research is covered by ethical approval from the NSW Population and Health Services Research Ethics Committee. Results of the study will be disseminated to different interest groups and organisations through scientific conferences, social media and peer-reviewed articles.

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Blauvelt, B. M., S. K. Podder, O. Abulkhair, C. H. Barrios, C. Huang, S. Kim, and L. D. Shockney. "An international perspective: The role of nurse involvement in improving breast cancer control." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2011): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.152.

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152 Background: Non-Western, non-Caucasian populations comprise 90% of the world’s estimated 3.2 billion women, living mostly in low and middle income nations. While medical advances have greatly reduced breast cancer morbidity and mortality in developed nations, those are on the rise in many low and middle income nations. The purpose of the study was to identify emerging needs and challenges observed by breast cancer thought leaders in diverse regions of the world consisting mainly of lesser developed nations to identify strategies for improving breast cancer control. Methods: 225 breast cancer medical, advocacy and policy leaders from 30 countries in Latin America, Asia, the Middle East/North and South Africa, Canada and Australia participated in this study. The study sample was composed of 203 breast cancer specialists, 12 patient advocates and 10 policy makers. Results: The most salient needs and challenges identified were to: (1) develop nurses trained in breast cancer patient and family care, management, education and clinical research (48%); (2) individualize breast cancer therapy (47%); and (3) improve understanding of the reasons for apparently higher proportions of younger women presenting with more aggressive tumors among these predominantly non-Caucasian populations (45%). Analysis of these and other needs identified evolved into 4 key themes and sub-dimensions involving nurses to improve breast cancer control: Capacity, Research, Advocacy and Access. Conclusions: The most significant need identified by this study was to increase both the capacity and capability of breast cancer nurses. A comprehensive approach to doing this would include: (1) increasing capacity to educate nurses in breast cancer patient education and related care issues in nursing schools and teaching hospitals; (2) working with local medical societies, educational institutions and governmental authorities to enable nurses to work as primary care practitioners; and (3) increasing participation of nurses in breast cancer clinical research, working with clinicians and in collaboration with breast cancer research centers of excellence from around the world.

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Goldstein, David, Ming Sze, Melanie Bell, Madeleine King, Michael Jefford, Maurice Eisenbruch, Afaf Girgis, Lisa Vaccaro, and Phyllis Noemi Butow. "Disparities in quality-of-life outcomes in immigrant cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e16507-e16507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e16507.

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e16507 Background: Immigration is increasing world-wide. We explored disparities in quality of life outcomes for immigrant (IM) versus Anglo-Australian (AA) cancer patients having anti-cancer treatment. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, cancer patients were recruited through outpatient Oncology clinics in New South Wales, Victoria, and the Northern Territory in Australia. IM participants, their parents and grand parents were born in a country where Chinese, Greek, or Arabic is spoken and spoke one of those languages. AAs were born in Australia and spoke English. All were diagnosed with cancer < 1 year previously. Questionnaires (completed in preferred language) included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety/depression), FACT-G (quality of life) and the Supportive Care Needs Survey (unmet needs). Adjusted regression models comparing AA and IM groups included age, gender, socio-economic status, education, marital status, religion, time since diagnosis, and cancer type (colorectal, breast, lung, other). Results: There were 910 participants (response rate 57%). IM were similar to AA, except that IM were more likely to be married (76 vs 67 %, p = 0.01) and in the low and the highly educated groups (p < 0.0001). In adjusted analyses, IMs had clinically significant higher anxiety, greater unmet information and physical needs and lower quality of life than AAs (see table). The possible ranges are 0-21 for anxiety and depression, and 0-100 otherwise. Conclusions: In this hospital-based study with a high rate of advanced disease, immigrants with cancer experienced poorer quality of life outcomes, even after adjusting for socio-economic, demographic, and disease variables. Interventions are required to improve their experience of cancer care. Results highlight areas of unmet need that might be better addressed by the health system (particularly with regards to provision of information and meeting support and physical needs). [Table: see text]

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Seshadri, R., F. A. Firgaira, D. J. Horsfall, K. McCaul, V. Setlur, and P. Kitchen. "Clinical significance of HER-2/neu oncogene amplification in primary breast cancer. The South Australian Breast Cancer Study Group." Journal of Clinical Oncology 11, no. 10 (October 1993): 1936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1993.11.10.1936.

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PURPOSE To determine prospectively the prognostic significance of HER-2/neu oncogene amplification in the primary tumors of breast cancer patients. METHODS HER-2/neu amplification in tumor DNA was determined by the slot-blot technique in 1,056 patients with breast cancer (stage I to III) diagnosed between 1987 and 1990. Parameters such as estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) levels, tumor size, axillary nodal involvement, tumor grade, and time to relapse were prospectively obtained. RESULTS HER-2/neu oncogene amplification, > or = 2, > or = 3, and > or = 5 copy number, was detected in 21%, 11%, and 7% of patients, respectively. In a test set of 529 patients, Cox multivariate analysis showed HER-2/neu copy number > or = 3 or > or = 5 was associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) duration. HER-2/neu copy number > or = 3 correlated significantly with pathologic stage of disease, number of axillary nodes with tumor, histologic type, and absence of ER and PgR. For all patients, after a median follow-up duration of 39 months, Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis indicated that tumor oncogene copy number > or = 3 correlated with shorter DFS in both node-negative and node-positive patients. In Cox multivariate analysis, HER-2/neu copy number > or = 3 was associated with shorter DFS, independent of nodal status, ER level, and tumor size. CONCLUSION Although the follow-up duration of this study is relatively short, we conclude that HER-2/neu amplification is an independent predictor of shorter DFS in both node-negative and node-positive patients.

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Meyer, Samantha B., Belinda Lunnay, Megan Warin, Kristen Foley, Ian N. Olver, Carlene Wilson, Sara Macdonald S., and Paul R. Ward. "Examining social class as it relates to heuristics women use to determine the trustworthiness of information regarding the link between alcohol and breast cancer risk." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 12, 2022): e0270936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270936.

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Background High rates of alcohol consumption by midlife women, despite the documented risks associated with breast cancer, varies according to social class. However, we know little about how to develop equitable messaging regarding breast cancer prevention that takes into consideration class differences in the receipt and use of such information. Objective To explore the heuristics used by women with different (inequitable) life chances to determine the trustworthiness of information regarding alcohol as a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer risk. Methods and materials Interviews were conducted with 50 midlife (aged 45–64) women living in South Australia, diversified by self-reported alcohol consumption and social class. Women were asked to describe where they sought health information, how they accessed information specific to breast cancer risk as it relates to alcohol, and how they determined whether (or not) such information was trustworthy. De-identified transcripts were analysed following a three-step progressive method with the aim of identifying how women of varying life chances determine the trustworthiness of alcohol and breast cancer risk information. Three heuristics were used by women: (1) consideration of whose interests are being served; (2) engagement with ‘common sense’; and (3) evaluating the credibility of the message and messenger. Embedded within each heuristic are notable class-based distinctions. Conclusions More equitable provision of cancer prevention messaging might consider how social class shapes the reception and acceptance of risk information. Class should be considered in the development and tailoring of messages as the trustworthiness of organizations behind public health messaging cannot be assumed.

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Safi, Nadom, Christobel Saunders, Andrew Hayen, Antoinette Anazodo, Kei Lui, Zhuoyang Li, Marc Remond, Michael Nicholl, Alex Y. Wang, and Elizabeth Sullivan. "Gestational breast cancer in New South Wales: A population-based linkage study of incidence, management, and outcomes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245493.

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Background The incidence of gestational breast cancer (GBC) is increasing in high-income countries. Our study aimed to examine the epidemiology, management and outcomes of women with GBC in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods A retrospective cohort study using linked data from three NSW datasets. The study group comprised women giving birth with a first-time diagnosis of GBC while the comparison group comprised women giving birth without any type of cancer. Outcome measures included incidence of GBC, maternal morbidities, obstetric management, neonatal mortality, and preterm birth. Results Between 1994 and 2013, 122 women with GBC gave birth in NSW (crude incidence 6.8/ 100,000, 95%CI: 5.6–8.0). Women aged ≥35 years had higher odds of GBC (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.09, 95%CI 4.02–9.2) than younger women. Women with GBC were more likely to give birth by labour induction or pre-labour CS compared to women with no cancer (AOR 4.8, 95%CI: 2.96–7.79). Among women who gave birth by labour induction or pre-labour CS, the preterm birth rate was higher for women with GBC than for women with no cancer (52% vs 7%; AOR 17.5, 95%CI: 11.3–27.3). However, among women with GBC, preterm birth rate did not differ significantly by timing of diagnosis or cancer stage. Babies born to women with GBC were more likely to be preterm (AOR 12.93, 95%CI 8.97–18.64), low birthweight (AOR 8.88, 95%CI 5.87–13.43) or admitted to higher care (AOR 3.99, 95%CI 2.76–5.76) than babies born to women with no cancer. Conclusion Women aged ≥35 years are at increased risk of GBC. There is a high rate of preterm birth among women with GBC, which is not associated with timing of diagnosis or cancer stage. Most births followed induction of labour or pre-labour CS, with no major short term neonatal morbidity.

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Lord, Sarah J., Belinda E. Kiely, Sallie-Anne Pearson, Benjamin Daniels, Dianne L. O’Connell, Jane Beith, Max K. Bulsara, and Nehmat Houssami. "Metastatic breast cancer incidence, site and survival in Australia, 2001–2016: a population-based health record linkage study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e026414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026414.

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IntroductionAdvances in systemic therapy for early and metastatic breast cancer (BC) over the last two decades have improved patients’ survival, but their impact on metastatic disease outcomes at a population level is not well described. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in the incidence, site and survival of metastatic disease for women with a first diagnosis of BC in 2001–2002 vs 2006–2007.Methods and analysisPopulation-based retrospective cohort study of women with first primary invasive BC registered in the New South Wales (NSW) Cancer Registry in 2001–2002 and 2006–2007. We will use linked records from NSW hospitals, dispensed medicines, outpatient services and death registrations to determine: women’s demographic and tumour characteristics; treatments received; time to first distant metastasis; site of first metastasis and survival. We will use the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate cumulative incidence of distant metastasis, distant recurrence-free interval and postmetastasis survival by extent of disease at initial diagnosis, site of metastasis and treatment-defined tumour receptor type (hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive, triple negative). We will use Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the relative effects of prognostic factors, and we will compare systemic therapy patterns by area-of-residence and area-level socioeconomic status to examine equity of access to healthcare.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics committee approval was granted by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (#EO2017/2/255), NSW Population and Health Services (#HREC/17/CIPHS/19) and University of Notre Dame Australia (#0 17 144S). We will disseminate research findings to oncology, BC consumer and epidemiology audiences through national and international conference presentations, lay summaries to BC consumer groups and publications in international peer-reviewed oncology and cancer epidemiology journals.

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Birrell, S. N., D. M. Roder, D. J. Horsfall, J. M. Bentel, and W. D. Tilley. "Medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy in advanced breast cancer: the predictive value of androgen receptor expression." Journal of Clinical Oncology 13, no. 7 (July 1995): 1572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1995.13.7.1572.

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PURPOSE To determine the predictive value of androgen receptor (AR) levels in primary tumors of women who undergo medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy for advanced breast cancer after relapse on tamoxifen adjuvant therapy. METHODS Between 1984 and 1987 at Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, 136 postmenopausal women received adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for lymph node-positive breast cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and AR levels, tumor size, and degree of axillary node involvement were determined at the time of diagnosis. The median follow-up period was 81 months; 89 women developed metastatic disease, 83 of whom subsequently received MPA (500 mg/d). The objective response rate ([RR] ie, complete response [CR] and partial response [PR]) and progression-free interval (PFI) were assessed in response to MPA therapy. Associations between RR, PFI, and primary tumor characteristics including ER, PgR, and AR levels were examined using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator, and Cox proportional hazards regression, as appropriate. RESULTS Thirty-two of 83 patients (38.6%) responded to MPA. RR was significantly associated with the presence of AR (P < .001), but not with other primary tumor characteristics or duration of tamoxifen therapy. After initiation of MPA treatment, PFI increased with increasing concentration of AR in the primary tumor. CONCLUSION Response to MPA after adjuvant tamoxifen treatment for lymph node-positive breast cancer was positively associated with AR level in the primary tumor. This finding suggests that MPA action in breast cancer may be mediated in part by the AR.

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Chen, Tina Y. T., Stephen Morrell, Wendy Thomson, Deborah F. Baker, Richard Walton, Sanchia Aranda, and David C. Currow. "Survival from breast, colon, lung, ovarian and rectal cancer by geographical remoteness in New South Wales, Australia, 2000-2008." Australian Journal of Rural Health 23, no. 1 (February 2015): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12172.

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Jamal, Javeria, Freya MacMillan, and Kate A. McBride. "Barriers and Facilitators of Breast Cancer Screening amongst Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Women in South Western Sydney: A Qualitative Explorative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179129.

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Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer amongst Australian women and the second most common cause of cancer mortality. Despite the proven effectiveness of early intervention, screening rates remain subpar across many regions in New South Wales (NSW). Screening rates are particularly low within the culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) area of South Western Sydney (SWS). The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore barriers and facilitators to breast screening from the perspectives of CALD women from SWS. CALD women aged ≥40 who resided in SWS were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview to explore barriers and facilitators to breast cancer screening. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically to identify recurring patterns in the data. Sixteen women from CALD backgrounds participated. Women in this study reported absence of symptoms, fatalistic beliefs and embarrassment during the procedure to be the primary reasons for reluctance to screen. Lack of general practitioner (GP) endorsement, transport issues and pain associated with the procedure were also reported as additional barriers to screening. Common facilitators to screening included encouragement from family and friends, family history of cancer and media adverts. CALD women have distinctive barriers to mammography, which lead to poor breast screening participation rates. Opportunistic health promotion in this area is warranted and may lead to better health outcomes amongst this population.

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Bessen, Taryn, Dorothy M. K. Keefe, and Jonathan Karnon. "DOES ONE SIZE FIT ALL? COST UTILITY ANALYSES OF ALTERNATIVE MAMMOGRAPHIC FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULES, BY RISK OF RECURRENCE." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 31, no. 5 (2015): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462315000598.

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Objectives: International guidelines recommend annual mammography after early breast cancer, but there is no randomized controlled trial evidence to support this schedule over any other. Given that not all women have the same risk of recurrence, it is possible that, by defining different risk profiles, we could tailor mammographic schedules that are more effective and efficient.Methods: A discrete event simulation model was developed to describe the progression of early breast cancer after completion of primary treatment. Retrospective data for 1,100 postmenopausal women diagnosed with early breast cancer in South Australia from 2000 to 2008 were used to calibrate the model. Women were divided into four prognostic subgroups based on the Nottingham Prognostic Index of their primary tumor. For each subgroup, we compared the cost-effectiveness of three different mammographic schedules for two different age groups.Results: Annual mammographic follow-up was not cost-effective for most postmenopausal women. Two yearly mammography was cost-effective for all women with excellent prognosis tumors; and for women with good prognosis tumors if high compliance rates can be achieved. Annual mammography for 5 years and 2 yearly surveillance thereafter (a mixed schedule) may be cost-effective for 50- to 69-year-old women with moderate prognosis tumors, and for women aged 70–79 years with poor prognosis tumors. For younger women with poor prognosis tumors, annual mammography is potentially cost-effective.Conclusions: Our results suggest that mammographic follow-up could be tailored according to risk of recurrence. If validated with larger datasets, this could potentially set the stage for personalized mammographic follow-up after breast cancer.

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Salagame, Usha, Emily Banks, Freddy Sitas, and Karen Canfell. "Menopausal hormone therapy use and breast cancer risk in Australia: Findings from the New South Wales Cancer, Lifestyle and Evaluation of Risk study." International Journal of Cancer 138, no. 8 (December 12, 2015): 1905–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29942.

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Tervonen, Hanna E., Tina YT Chen, Enmoore Lin, Frances M. Boyle, Eugene J. Moylan, Stephen A. Della-Fiorentina, Jane McNeil Beith, and David Christopher Currow. "Balancing the risk and benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study in New South Wales (NSW), Australia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2018): e18841-e18841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e18841.

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Robinson, JI, CEB Crane, JM King, DI Scarce, and CEJ Hoffmann. "The South Australian Breast X-Ray Service: results from a statewide mammographic screening programme." British Journal of Cancer 73, no. 6 (March 1996): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1996.147.

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Delaney, Geoff P., Senthilkumar Gandhidasan, Richard Walton, Frances Terlich, Deborah Baker, and David Currow. "The Pattern of Use of Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer in New South Wales, Australia, 2008 to 2012." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 96, no. 2 (October 2016): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.05.016.

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Wiggers, John, Robyn Considine, Trevor Hazell, Melanie Haile, Maria Rees, and Justine Daly. "Increasing the Practice of Health Promotion Initiatives by Licensed Premises." Health Education & Behavior 28, no. 3 (June 2001): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810102800307.

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Licensees of all licensed premises in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, were offered free services to encourage adoption of health promotion initiatives relating to responsible service of alcohol, environmental tobacco smoke, healthy food choices, breast and cervical cancer prevention, and the prevention of HIV/AIDS. A total of 239 premises participated in the follow-up survey. Increases in prevalence ranged between 11% and 59% for alcohol-related initiatives. The prevalence of smoke-free areas and healthy food choices increased from 32% to 65% and 42% to 96%, respectively, and the provision of cancer prevention information increased from 3% to 59%. Licensed premises represent a particularly challenging sector for health promotion practitioners to work in. The results of this study suggest that the adoption of health promotion initiatives by licensed premises can be increased. A considerable opportunity therefore exists for health promotion practitioners to become more actively involved in facilitating the adoption of such initiatives in this setting.

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Taylor, R., R. Supramaniam, M. Rickard, J. Estoesta, and C. Moreira. "Interval breast cancers in New South Wales, Australia, and comparisons with trials and other mammographic screening programmes." Journal of Medical Screening 9, no. 1 (March 2002): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jms.9.1.20.

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Li, Ming, David Roder, Katina D'Onise, David Walters, Gelareh Farshid, Elizabeth Buckley, Chris Karapetis, et al. "Monitoring TNM stage of female breast cancer and survival across the South Australian population, with national and international TNM benchmarking: A population-based cohort study." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e037069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037069.

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ObjectiveUsing linked cancer registry and administrative data to monitor, tumour, node and metastases (TNM) stage and survival from female breast cancer in Australia.MethodAnalysis of 2000–2014 diagnoses with linked population-based data to investigate: (1) sociodemographic predictors of advanced stage (stages III and IV), using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression; and (2) sociodemographic factors and stage as predictors of breast cancer survival using competing risk regression.DesignPopulation-based registry cohort.Setting and participants14 759 South Australian women diagnosed in 2000–2014.Primary and secondary outcome measuresStage and survival.ResultsAt diagnosis, 46% of women were classified as stage I, 39% as stage II, 12% as stage III and 4% as stage IV. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, advanced stage was more common: (1) for ages <50 years; and although not statistically significant, for ages 80+ years; and (2) in women from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Compared with 2000–2004 diagnoses, stage and sociodemographic adjusted risks (sub-HRs (SHRs)) of breast cancer death were lower in 2005–2009 (SHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.83) and 2010–2015 (SHR 0.57, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.67). Compared with stage I, the SHR was 3.87 (95% CI 3.32 to 4.53) for stage II, 10.87 (95% CI 9.22 to 12.81) for stage III, and 41.97 (95% CI 34.78 to 50.65) for stage IV. Women aged 70+ years at diagnosis and those living in the most socioeconomically disadvantaged areas were at elevated risk of breast cancer death, independent of stage and sociodemographic factors.ConclusionsStage varied by age, diagnostic period and socioeconomic status, and was a stronger predictor of survival than other statistically significant sociodemographic predictors. Achieving earlier diagnosis outside the original BreastScreen target of 50–69 years (as applying <2014) and in residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged areas likely would increase cancer survival at a population level.

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Christie, Vita, MacKenzie Rice, Jocelyn Dracakis, Deb Green, Janaki Amin, Karen Littlejohn, Christopher Pyke, Debbie McCowen, and Kylie Gwynne. "Improving breast cancer outcomes for Aboriginal women: a mixed-methods study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): e048003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048003.

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IntroductionBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer affecting Australian women, and the second highest cause of cancer death in Australian women. While the incidence of breast cancer is lower in Aboriginal women than non-Aboriginal women, the mortality rate for Aboriginal women is higher, with Aboriginal women 1.2 times more likely to die from the disease. In New South Wales, Aboriginal women are 69% more likely to die from their breast cancer than non-Aboriginal women.Co-design is a research method recognised to enhance collaboration between those doing the research and those impacted by the research; which when used with Aboriginal communities, ensures research and services are relevant, culturally competent and empowers communities as co-researchers. We report the development of a new protocol using co-design methods to improve breast cancer outcomes for Aboriginal women.Methods and analysisThrough a Community Mapping Project in 2018, we co-designed an iterative quantitative and qualitative study consisting of five phases. In Phase 1, we will establish a governance framework. In Phase 2, we will provide information to community members regarding the modified parts of the screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up processes and invite them to partake. In Phase 3, the research team will collect data on the outcomes of the modified processes and the outcomes for the women who have and have not participated. The data shall be analysed quantitatively and thematically in Phase 4 with Aboriginal community representatives and reported back to community. Lastly, in Phase 5, we evaluate the co-design process and adapt our protocol for use in partnership with other communities.Ethics and disseminationThis study has ethics approval of the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council ref:1525/19. The findings will be published in the literature, presented at conferences and short summaries will be issued via social media.

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Beckmann, Kerri, Stephen W. Duffy, John Lynch, Janet Hiller, Gelareh Farshid, and David Roder. "Estimates of over-diagnosis of breast cancer due to population-based mammography screening in South Australia after adjustment for lead time effects." Journal of Medical Screening 22, no. 3 (April 20, 2015): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141315573978.

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Jacklyn, Gemma, Kevin McGeechan, Les Irwig, Nehmat Houssami, Stephen Morrell, Katy Bell, and Alexandra Barratt. "Trends in stage-specific breast cancer incidence in New South Wales, Australia: insights into the effects of 25 years of screening mammography." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 166, no. 3 (August 19, 2017): 843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-017-4443-x.

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Zaleta-Pinet, Diana, Adam McCluskey, Sharron Hall, Joseph Brophy, Chris Ashhurst-Smith, Jennette Sakoff, and Ian van Altena. "The Use of the Toxic Plant Myoporum montanum in a Traditional Australian Aboriginal Medicine." Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 2 (2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch15586.

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Plants from the family Myoporaceae, which includes the genus Myoporum, are extremely prized by the Australian Aboriginal people for their medicinal properties. Leaves from a plant, which was subsequently identified as Myoporum montanum, were provided for chemical investigation by representatives of an Aboriginal community from the Northern Tablelands district of northern New South Wales, Australia. Acetone extraction of the leaves provided a complex mixture of compounds including sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and more polar furanosesquiterpenes, which were identified by gas–liquid chromatography and retention indices (sesquiterpene hydrocarbons) and spectrometric techniques (furanosesquiterpenes). The major compounds found in a water extract were studied for their antibacterial activity using a disc diffusion assay and for their cell growth inhibition activity. The acetone extract contained sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (~30 % of the total extract) in which the major compounds were germacrene-D and bicyclogermacrene. In addition, the extract contained five known toxic furanosesquiterpenes: myoporum ketol, (–)-10,11-dehydroisomyodesmone, (+)-10,11-dehydromyodesmone, 10,11-dehydromyoporum ketol, (–)-10,11-dehydromyoporone, and (±)-myoporone. An aqueous extract of the leaves, emulating the medicinal tea used by the Australian Aboriginal community, was found not to contain significant quantities of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and the most toxic furanosesquiterpenes. (±)-Myoporone and (–)-10,11-dehydromyoporone remained in the extract as well as a new furanosesquiterpene, 11-hydroxymyoporone. These three compounds were found to have significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Moraxella catarrhalis but low cytotoxicity against a range of cancer cell lines and normal breast cells at 25 µM.

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Hiranrat, Asadhawut, Darren C. Holland, Wilawan Mahabusarakam, John N. A. Hooper, Vicky M. Avery, and Anthony R. Carroll. "Tedaniophorbasins A and B—Novel Fluorescent Pteridine Alkaloids Incorporating a Thiomorpholine from the Sponge Tedaniophorbas ceratosis." Marine Drugs 19, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19020095.

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Two new fluorescent pteridine alkaloids, tedaniophorbasins A (1) and B (2), together with the known alkaloid N-methyltryptamine, were isolated, through application of mass directed purification, from the sponge Tedaniophorbas ceratosis collected from northern New South Wales, Australia. The structures of tedaniophorbasins A and B were deduced from the analysis of 1D/2D NMR and MS data and through application of 13C NMR DFT calculations. Tedaniophorbasin A possesses a novel 2-imino-1,3-dimethyl-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-[1,4]thiazino[3,2-g]pteridin-4(6H)-one skeleton, while tedaniophorbasin B is its 2-oxo derivative. The compounds show significant Stokes shifts (~14,000 cm−1) between excitation and emission wavelengths in their fluorescence spectra. The new compounds were tested for bioactivity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines, and the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei but were inactive against all targets at 40 µM.

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Winter, Jean M., Lorraine Sheehan-Hennessy, Susanne Kartin Pedersen, Molla M. Wassie, Graeme P. Young, and Erin L. Symonds. "Application of a colorectal cancer ctDNA methylation test in endocrine cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e15533-e15533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e15533.

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e15533 Background: Assays for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have shown utility for cancer detection and management. It is important to demonstrate cancer specificity of targeted ctDNA biomarkers. Detection of methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 ctDNA has shown high sensitivity for colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether hypermethylation of these two biomarkers is also present in prostate or breast adenocarcinoma (PCa or BCa) tissues, and if they are detectable as ctDNA from such cancer patients. Methods: A subset of TCGA data comprising matched tumor and normal samples from PRAD (n = 50), BRCA (n = 90) and COADREAD (n = 44) cohorts were accessed to interrogate DNA methylation (450K) at CpG probes covered by the BCAT1/ IKZF1 ctDNA assay (cg10764357 and cg07589773/cg18607529, respectively). Linear regression of BCAT1/ IKZF1 methylation and tumor staging was performed for cases with AJCC staging data (PRAD n = 503; BRCA n = 788; COADREAD n = 284). Blood was collected from BCa (n = 32) or PCa (n = 101) patients prior to starting treatment at Flinders Medical Centre (South Australia). DNA isolated from plasma was bisulphite-converted and assayed for BCAT1/ IKZF1 methylation. Age-adjusted comparisons of ctDNA positivity were made with blood results from N = 310 pre-treatment CRC patients (60% male), as well as male (N = 344) and female (N = 383) controls with a clear colonoscopy and no history of cancer. Results: BCAT1 and IKZF1 were significantly hypermethylated in PCa and CRC tumors compared to matched normal tissues (Table). Conversely, BCAT1/ IKZF1 CpG probes were hypomethylated in breast tumors compared to matched normal samples. There was no correlation between hypermethylation in IKZF1/ BCAT1 and stage of PCa or CRC. In contrast to PCa in silico findings of hypermethylation, BCAT1/IKZF1 ctDNA methylation was only positive in 7/101 PCa blood samples (6.9%; 95%CI 3.2-13.9%). Three of 32 BCa blood samples (9.4%; 95%CI 2.5-25%) were positive for BCAT1/IKZF1 methylation. These positivity rates were not significantly different to controls at 8.5% for females (p = 0.80 vs BCa) and 8.2% for males (p = 0.73 vs PCa), but all were significantly lower than that observed in CRC cases (59.0%, 183/310; p < 0.001). Conclusions: While interrogation of TCGA datasets revealed IKZF1 and BCAT1 hypermethylation in prostate tumors, detection rate of these biomarkers in blood from PCa patients was not higher than that of non-cancer controls. Likewise, the BCAT1/IKZF1 ctDNA assay positivity rate in BCa patients was also no different to non-cancer controls. These findings highlight the specificity of methylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 ctDNA for detection of CRC.[Table: see text]

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Tabernero, Josep, Paulo Marcelo Hoff, Lin Shen, Atsushi Ohtsu, Ron Yu, Jennifer Eng-Wong, and Yoon-Koo Kang. "Pertuzumab (P) with trastuzumab (T) and chemotherapy (CTX) in patients (pts) with HER2-positive metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer: An international phase III study (JACOB)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): TPS4150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.tps4150.

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TPS4150 Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in ~20% of gastric cancers. Specific targeting of HER2 by T in combination with CTX has demonstrated significantly improved overall survival (OS) vs CTX in pts with advanced gastric or GEJ cancer (Bang Lancet 2010). In HER2-positive 1L metastatic breast cancer the combination of T plus docetaxel with a second HER2-targeted antibody, P, demonstrated significant improvement of progression-free survival (PFS) and OS vs placebo+T+docetaxel (Baselga NEJM 2012; Swain SABCS 2012). Based on these positive findings with HER2-targeted therapies in gastric and breast cancer, JACOB, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized Phase III study, is designed to evaluate efficacy and safety of P+T+CTX in pts with HER2-positive 1L metastatic gastric or GEJ cancer. Methods: Pts will be randomized 1:1 to receive P+T+cisplatin+fluoropyrimidine or the same regimen replacing P with placebo, q3w (P: 840 mg; T: 8 mg/kg first dose, then 6 mg/kg; cisplatin: 80 mg/m2; 5-fluorouracil: 800 mg/m2/24 h given continuously for 120 h or capecitabine: 1000 mg/m2 bid for 14 days). P/placebo+T will be given until progressive disease (PD) or unacceptable toxicity. On or before Cycle 6, CTX should only be discontinued for PD or unacceptable toxicity. Continuation of CTX after Cycle 6 is at the discretion of pt and physician. Randomization will be stratified by region (Japan vs North America/Western Europe/Australia vs Asia [excluding Japan] vs South America/Eastern Europe), prior gastrectomy, and HER2-positivity (IHC 3+ vs IHC 2+ and ISH+). Primary endpoint: OS; secondary endpoints include PFS, objective response rate, duration of response, clinical benefit rate, safety, pharmacokinetics of P, and patient-reported outcomes. Tumor and blood samples for biomarker evaluation will be collected. The study is estimated to have 80% power to detect a significant improvement in OS at a two-sided α-level of 5% (HR=0.777), with ~502 deaths required for the primary analysis. Target enrollment is 780 pts from ~200 sites and 35 countries; FPI is planned for April 2013. NCT01774786 Clinical trial information: NCT01774786.

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O'Neill, TJ, GM Tallis, and P. Leppard. "A review of the technical features of breast cancer screening illustrated by a specific model using South Australian cancer registry data." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096228029500400105.

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Randall, Deborah, Stephen Morrell, Richard Taylor, and Wai Tak Hung. "Annual or biennial mammography screening for women at a higher risk with a family history of breast cancer: prognostic indicators of screen-detected cancers in New South Wales, Australia." Cancer Causes & Control 20, no. 5 (November 18, 2008): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-008-9264-0.

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Roder, David, Gelareh Farshid, Jim Kollias, Bogda Koczwara, Christos Karapetis, Jacqui Adams, Rohit Joshi, et al. "Female breast cancer management and survival: The experience of major public hospitals in South Australia over 3 decades-trends by age and in the elderly." Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 23, no. 6 (October 8, 2017): 1433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jep.12819.

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Sara, Grant, Myu Arumuganathan, Wendy Chen, Fred Wu, David Currow, Matthew Large, Cornelis Mulder, Parashar Pravin Ramanuj, and Philip M. Burgess. "Cohort profile: Mental Health Living Longer: a population-wide data linkage to understand and reduce premature mortality in mental health service users in New South Wales, Australia." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e033588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033588.

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PurposeHealth systems must move from recognition to action if we are to address premature mortality in people with mental illness. Population data registers are an essential tool for planning and monitoring improvement efforts. The Mental Health Living Longer (MHLL) programme establishes a population-wide data linkage to support research translation and service reform in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.ParticipantsA total of 8.6 million people who have had contact with NSW public and private health services between July 2001 and June 2018 are currently included in the study. Data include more than 120 million linked records from NSW data collections covering public and private hospital care, emergency departments, ambulance, community mental health services, cancer notifications and care, and death registrations. Linkage is occurring with population-wide breast and cervical cancer screening programmes. Data will be updated 6 monthly.Findings to dateThe cohort includes 970 145 people who have received mental healthcare: 79% have received community mental healthcare, 35% a general hospital admission with a primary mental health diagnosis and 25% have received specialist mental health inpatient care. The most frequent pattern of care is receipt of community mental healthcare only (50%). The median age of the mental health cohort is 34 years, and three-quarters are younger than 53 years. Eleven per cent of the mental health cohort had died during the observation period. Their median age at death was 69 years, which was younger than the median age at death for people accessing other health services.Future plansThe MHLL programme will examine (i) all-cause mortality, (ii) suicide, (iii) cancer mortality and (iv) medical mortality. Within each theme, the programme will quantify the problem in mental health service users compared with the NSW population, describe the people most affected, describe the care received, identify predictors of premature mortality, and identify variation and opportunities for change.

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Koshy, Anil, John M. Buckingham, Yanping Zhang, Paul Craft, Jane E. Dahlstrom, and Noel Tait Members of the ACT and SE NSW. "Surgical management of invasive breast cancer: a 5-year prospective study of treatment in the Australian Capital Territory and South-Eastern New South Wales." ANZ Journal of Surgery 75, no. 9 (September 2005): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2005.03514.x.

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Gill, P. G., S. N. Birrell, C. G. Luke, and D. M. Roder. "Tumour location and prognostic characteristics as determinants of survival of women with invasive breast cancer: South Australian hospital-based cancer registries, 1987–1998." Breast 11, no. 3 (June 2002): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/brst.2001.0400.

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Luke, Colin, Grantley Gill, Stephen Birrell, Vlad Humeniuk, Martin Borg, Christos Karapetis, Bogda Koczwara, et al. "Treatment and survival from breast cancer: the experience of patients at South Australian teaching hospitals between 1977 and 2003." Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 13, no. 2 (April 2007): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00678.x.

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Woods, Laura M., Bernard Rachet, Dianne O'Connell, Gill Lawrence, and Michel P. Coleman. "Impact of deprivation on breast cancer survival among women eligible for mammographic screening in the West Midlands (UK) and New South Wales (Australia): Women diagnosed 1997-2006." International Journal of Cancer 138, no. 10 (February 13, 2016): 2396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29983.

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Boyle, Terry, Michelle Reintals, Andy Holmes, Elizabeth Buckley, and David Roder. "Interval cancers as related to frequency of recall to assessment in the South Australian population-based breast screening program: An exploratory study." Cancer Epidemiology 79 (August 2022): 102183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2022.102183.

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Khalivulla, Shaik I., Arifullah Mohammed, Kuttulebbai N. S. Sirajudeen, Mannur I. Shaik, Weibing Ye, and Mallikarjuna Korivi. "Novel Phytochemical Constituents and Anticancer Activities of the Genus, Typhonium." Current Drug Metabolism 20, no. 12 (January 20, 2020): 946–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200220666191118102616.

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Background: Typhonium is the largest genus in the Araceae family (~70 species), distributed in South Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia. Typhonium is well-known for its ethnopharmacological uses, and Southeast Asians consider it as an alternative medicine to treat cancer. This review elucidated the confirmed chemical structures of the isolated compounds of Typhonium and emphasized on their anticancer activities against various human cancer cells. Methods: Among several species, Typhonium blumei, T. flagelliforme, T. divaricatum and T. giganteum were extensively studied due to the presence of a class of secondary metabolites. All the available reports on Typhonium were included and discussed in this article. Results: Until now several groups of compounds, namely amino acids (1, 2), cinnamic acid (3), fatty acids (4-14), glycerol derivatives (15-18) and cerebrosides (19-34), flavonoids (35), hydantoins (36-38), lignin monomers (39-44), nucleobases (45-48), pheophorbides (49-52), phthalate (53), terpene and steroids (54-59) and vitamins (60, 61) were isolated and characterized from Typhonium. These phytochemicals were investigated for their anticancer properties, and results confirmed the promising growth inhibitory effect and anticancer activities against human lung, breast, prostate and colon cancer cells. The anticancer activity of these compounds appears to be mediated through the induction of apoptotic cell death. These phytochemicals further reported to exhibit other pharmacological efficacies, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-allergic, neuroprotective and hepato-protective properties. Conclusion: This is the first review to summarize the anticancer properties of all isolated compounds of Typhonium genus with confirmed chemical structures. Further advanced studies are necessary to establish the detailed signaling pathways that are involved in the anticancer property of the compounds.

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Woods, Laura M., Bernard Rachet, Dianne L. O'Connell, Gill Lawrence, and Michel P. Coleman. "Are international differences in breast cancer survival between Australia and the UK present amongst both screen-detected women and non-screen-detected women? survival estimates for women diagnosed in West Midlands and New South Wales 1997-2006." International Journal of Cancer 138, no. 10 (February 23, 2016): 2404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29984.

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Sher, Amna Falak, Justine Yang Bruce, Nashat Y. Gabrail, Ian Churchill Anderson, Anna Patrikidou, Rachel E. Sanborn, Jae Yong Cho, et al. "Open-label, phase II study of ladiratuzumab vedotin (LV) for castration-resistant prostate cancer (SGNLVA-005, trial-in-progress)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2021): TPS185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.tps185.

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TPS185 Background: LIV-1 is a transmembrane protein expressed in a variety of cancer types. SGN-LIV1A, or ladiratuzumab vedotin (LV), is a novel investigational humanized IgG1 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) directed against LIV-1. LV mediates delivery of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), which drives antitumor activity through cytotoxic cell killing and induces immunogenic cell death. In a phase 1 study, LV was tolerable and active in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer (Modi 2017). This study is currently evaluating the safety and efficacy of LV in different advanced solid tumors with various LIV-1 expression, including metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (squamous and nonsquamous), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Methods: SGNLVA-005 (NCT04032704) is an open-label, phase 2 study evaluating LV monotherapy in patients with previously treated, locally advanced unresectable or metastatic advanced solid tumors, including mCRPC. Patients with mCRPC will receive LV administered as a 30 minute intravenous infusion (IV) at 1.25 mg/kg every 1 week. Up to 30 patients with mCRPC will be enrolled. Patients in the mCRPC cohort must have metastatic castration-resistant disease, have received no more than 1 prior line of androgen receptor-targeted therapy, have ≥28 days between androgen receptor-targeted therapy and start of study treatment, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 0 or 1, and adequate organ function. In addition, mCRPC patients with measurable and non-measurable disease are eligible if the protocol-defined criteria are met. mCRPC patients must not have BRCA gene mutations, prior cytotoxic chemotherapy in the metastatic mCRPC setting, prior radioisotope therapy, or radiotherapy to ≥30% of bone marrow. Patients are not preselected based on tumor LIV-1 expression. Their tumor samples will be analyzed for correlation between LIV-1 expression and response. Safety and efficacy will be monitored throughout the study. Study objectives include objective tumor response rate per RECIST 1.1 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate per Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3 (both primary); safety and tolerability, disease control rate, duration of response, progression-free and overall survival, and pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity (all secondary); and pharmacodynamics. Study accrual is ongoing in the USA, Italy, South Korea, Taiwan, Australia, and the UK. Clinical trial information: NCT04032704.

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Sher, Amna Falak, Justine Yang Bruce, Sung Yong Oh, Ian Churchill Anderson, Do-Youn Oh, Louise M. Nott, Jong-Seok Lee, et al. "Open-label, phase II study of ladiratuzumab vedotin (LV) for advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (SGNLVA-005, Trial-in-Progress)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2021): TPS256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.3_suppl.tps256.

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TPS256 Background: LIV-1 is a transmembrane protein expressed in a variety of cancer types. SGN-LIV1A, or ladiratuzumab vedotin (LV), is a novel investigational humanized IgG1 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) directed against LIV-1. LV mediates delivery of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), which drives antitumor activity through cytotoxic cell killing and induces immunogenic cell death. In a phase 1 study, LV was tolerable and active in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer at a recommended dose of 2.5 mg/kg every 21 days (Modi 2017). More frequent, fractionated dosing has improved the activity and/or safety of other ADCs. Thus, this study is currently evaluating the safety and efficacy of weekly LV dosing (Days 1, 8, and 15 of every 3-week cycle) in different advanced solid tumors with various LIV-1 expression, including advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (squamous and nonsquamous), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, castration resistant prostate cancer, and melanoma. Methods: SGNLVA-005 (NCT04032704) is an open-label, phase 2 study evaluating LV monotherapy in patients with 8 different advanced solid tumors in two parts (administered as a 30 minute intravenous infusion [IV]: Part A LV 2.5 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks [up to n = 72 total]; Part B LV 1.0 or 1.25 mg/kg every 1 week [up to n = 252 total]). The study is enrolling previously treated patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease. Patients must have measurable disease per RECIST v1.1, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 0 or 1, and adequate organ function. Cohort specific inclusion criteria require that patients in the gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cohorts must have received and progressed during or after no more than 1 prior line of platinum based cytotoxic chemotherapy. Patients in the gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma cohort may have received prior anti-programmed cell death (ligand) 1 (anti-PD[L]1) therapy (unless contraindicated), and patients with known human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression must have received prior HER2-targeted therapy. Patients are not preselected based on tumor LIV-1 expression. Tumor samples will be analyzed for correlation between LIV-1 expression and tumor response. Safety and efficacy will be monitored throughout the study. Study objectives include objective response rate (primary); safety and tolerability, disease control rate, duration of response, progression-free and overall survival, and pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity (all secondary); and pharmacodynamics. Study accrual is ongoing in the USA, Italy, South Korea, Taiwan, Australia, and the UK. Clinical trial information: NCT04032704.

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Cousens, Nicole E., Jane Tiller, Bettina Meiser, Kristine Barlow-Stewart, Simone Rowley, Yi-An Ko, Sakshi Mahale, et al. "Evaluation of two population screening programmes for BRCA1/2 founder mutations in the Australian Jewish community: a protocol paper." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e041186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041186.

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IntroductionPeople of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) ancestry are more likely than unselected populations to have a BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant, which cause a significantly increased risk of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. Three specific BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants, referred to as BRCA-Jewish founder mutations (B-JFM), account for >90% of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants in people of AJ ancestry. Current practice of identifying eligible individuals for BRCA testing based on personal and/or family history has been shown to miss at least 50% of people who have one of these variants. Here we describe the protocol of the JeneScreen study—a study established to develop and evaluate two different population-based B-JFM screening programmes, offered to people of Jewish ancestry in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia.Methods and analysisTo rmeasure the acceptability of population-based B-JFM screening in Australia, two screening programmes using different methodologies have been developed. The Sydney JeneScreen programme provides information and obtains informed consent by way of an online tool. The Melbourne JeneScreen programme does this by way of community sessions attended in person. Participants complete questionnaires to measure clinical and psychosocial outcomes at baseline, and for those who have testing, 2 weeks postresult. Participants who decline testing are sent a questionnaire regarding reasons for declining. Participants with a B-JFM are sent questionnaires 12-month and 24-month post-testing. The questionnaires incorporate validated scales, which measure anxiety, decisional conflict and regret, and test-related distress and positive experiences, and other items specifically developed or adapted for the study. These measures will be assessed for each programme and the two population-based B-JFM screening methods will be compared.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional Human Research Ethics Committee approval was obtained from the South Eastern Area Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee: HREC Ref 16/125.Following the analysis of the study results, the findings will be disseminated widely through conferences and publications, and directly to participants in writing.

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Laake, J. P. "Are international differences in breast cancer survival between Australia and the UK present amongst both screen-detected women and non-screen-detected women? Survival estimates for women diagnosed in West Midlands and New South Wales 1997–2006." Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly 27, no. 4 (2016): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.breastdis.2016.10.001.

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Cardoso, Fatima, Julie Rihani, Dawn Aubel, Adam Moore, Victoria Harmer, Nadia Harbeck, Ana Casas, Sina Haftchenary, Purnima Pathak, and Eva Schumacher-Wulf. "Abstract P4-12-03: Assessment of quality of life (QoL) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in clinical practice: A real-world multi-country survey." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): P4–12–03—P4–12–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p4-12-03.

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Abstract:

Abstract Background: Patient (pt) QoL is a key factor in the treatment (tx) of ABC. There are gaps in real-world evidence of how QoL is assessed in clinical practice. We examined the importance of QoL, its influence on tx decisions, and how it is discussed in a clinical setting from pts’ and healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) perspectives. Methods: The survey was designed by a steering committee of medical oncologists and patients and ethically approved to survey HCPs and patients. Data were collected from July 2020 to May 2021 via a cross-sectional online survey of HCPs (oncologists [Onc] and oncology nurses [OncNu]) and pts with HR+/HER2- ABC in Australia, Brazil, Egypt, Germany, Italy, South Korea, and USA. HCPs were recruited via a 3rd party and surveyed on the management of ABC including the importance of QoL and its assessment in clinical practice. Pts were recruited via HCPs and advocacy groups and surveyed on the importance of QoL, how tx impacts QoL, daily activities, and work, and the frequency of QoL discussions with HCPs. All observations were assessed using a 4-point Likert scale; data were analysed descriptively. Results: 277 Onc, 225 OncNu, and 467 pts with ABC took part in the survey. 221 pts had stage III advanced (locoregionally recurrent not amenable to curative therapy) and 229 had stage IV metastatic disease. 142 pts were receiving first line (1L), 116 second line (2L), and 209 third or later line (3L+) tx. Most HCPs, 88% of Onc and 96% of OncNu, reported asking about QoL at follow-up appointments, where fewer pts report being asked about QoL by Onc (64%) and OncNu (43%). Pts at later line of therapy (LoT) less frequently reported QoL discussions with Onc; 43% of pts at 1L (n=140) reported they were always asked about QoL at follow-up appointments vs 21% at 2L (n=113) and 16% at 3L+ (n=206). Among Onc, importance of QoL for tx decisions increased with LoT; 48% reported that QoL was very important at 1L, 57% at 2L, 79% at 3L, and 85% at 4th line. In contrast, importance of QoL among pts decreased with LoT; while only 39% were comfortable discussing QoL with Onc, 73% at 1L agreed that QoL was important vs 45% at 2L and 40% at 3L+. Among pts who experienced a side effect (SE) that was not discussed with their HCP (n=96), 40% agreed this was because HCPs did not ask about it, and 28% at least moderately agreed they do not report SE as they do not want their Onc to change their tx. 81% of HCPs did not completely agree with the statement “I have enough time to discuss QoL with my pts”. Among those who reported asking pts about their QoL, 93% of HCPs (n=481) reported using questions of their own, while 11% of Onc and 30% of OncNu reported using QoL questionnaires. Only 11% of HCPs agreed that available QoL tools were specific enough to customise for their pts, and only 12% agreed they had access to QoL tools that were integrated with electronic health record systems. Among HCPs (n=341) who were familiar with QoL tools used in clinical trials for ABC, only 10% agreed that these tools were able to accurately reflect QoL, and only 11% agreed that the tools were able to capture improvements in QoL when tx delayed disease progression. Conclusion: We found disconnects between pts with ABC and HCPs around the importance of discussions around QoL; pts report a lower frequency of these discussions in later LoT than HCPs. QoL assessment tools were infrequently used by HCPs, as those currently available were not considered adequate for ABC. QoL should be formally assessed regularly using an ABC-specific QoL assessment tool. This would allow HCPs to address pt issues around QoL through focused discussions to help inform tx decisions. To ensure clinical value, a tool should be quick and easy to use, be able to be completed outside of an appointment setting, yield results that are easy to interpret and compare, and be integrated into medical records. Citation Format: Fatima Cardoso, Julie Rihani, Dawn Aubel, Adam Moore, Victoria Harmer, Nadia Harbeck, Ana Casas, Sina Haftchenary, Purnima Pathak, Eva Schumacher-Wulf. Assessment of quality of life (QoL) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in clinical practice: A real-world multi-country survey [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-12-03.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Breast Cancer South Australia'

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