Journal articles on the topic 'Breast Cancer Nursing Malaysia'

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1

Shaharudin, Soraya Hanie, Suhaina Sulaiman, Mohd Razif Shahril, Nor Aina Emran, and Sharifah Noor Akmal. "Dietary Changes Among Breast Cancer Patients in Malaysia." Cancer Nursing 36, no. 2 (2013): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0b013e31824062d1.

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2

Amin Rebuan, Husbani Bt Mohd, Myat Moe, Nur Qamilah Mohamad, Nurulhuda Mat Hassan, and Hamidah Binti Othman. "BREAST CANCER KNOWLEDGE AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITY." Volume-10 : Issue 1, July, 2018 10, no. 1 (July 15, 2018): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2018.v10i01.001.

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Background: In Malaysia, women had breast cancer always reported at their late stage. One of the causes is due to the delay in seeking medical attention. Poor knowledge about the breast cancer is one of the factors that cause the delay. Aim: This study was designed to assess the knowledge on breast cancer symptoms and risk factors, screening method, and practice among participants. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study done from 1st of March till 15th of March 2016 involving 89 nursing students from School of Nursing Science, Medical Faculty, University Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21. Results: Eighty-nine participants responded. Majority of the students (>80.0%) knew the symptoms of breast cancer and common method of screening. Less than 50.0% knew the high risk factor for developing breast carcinoma. Less than 50.0% carried out the breast self-examination. Conclusion: Students had excellent knowledge on symptoms of breast carcinoma and its screening method. Majority (>50%) of the students were still not clear about high risk factors group. Lack of breast self-examination practice among students was noted.
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3

Hashim, Che Gon, Nur Aishah Taib, Hwan-Jin Yoon, David Larkin, Desmond Yip, and Violeta Lopez. "Psychometric Assessment of the Malay Version of the 14-Item Resilience Scale (RS-14) in Women With Breast Cancer." Journal of Nursing Measurement 29, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): E18—E38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jnm-d-19-00068.

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Background and purposeThere are a lack of documentation on psychometric assessments on the Malay version of 14-item Resilience scale (RS-14) in Malaysia. This study was to empirically assess its reliability and validity.MethodA prospective test–retest design was employed on Malaysian women with early breast cancer (N = 105). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.ResultsThe results showed overall Cronbach alpha values were .92 and .93 for test–retest, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values ranged between .62 and .75. This study accepted three factors and two factors for test–retest, respectively. Individual factors showed Cronbach alpha average ranged from .71 to .91.ConclusionThe Malay version RS-14 tool was found to be statistically valid, reliable, and reproducible. It was able to measure resilience level in those women under study.
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4

Jaganathan, M., N. H. Zainal, N. Rajaram, T. Soo Hwang, and M. Y. Abdul Wahab. "The Feasibility and Performance of the Patient Navigation Programme in Improving Breast Cancer Care in Malaysia." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 95s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.59500.

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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Malaysia and it is anticipated that incidence will increase by 49% from 2012 to 2025. Unfortunately, survival remains poor because of late presentation and poor adherence to evidence-based medicine. Barriers to early presentation include inadequate knowledge about the disease, financial issues, negative influence of relatives and perceived poor quality of care and services in state-run hospitals. Poor adherence to treatment is also a common struggle, and is further exacerbated by the use of traditional, alternative healing methods. While patient navigation (PN) programs have been shown to improve breast cancer outcomes in the US, its implementation and performance in low and middle income countries is not well studied. Aim: We sought to determine the impact of a PN program in reducing treatment delays and improving adherence to treatment and patient satisfaction, as well as to evaluate the barriers faced by women seeking breast cancer care in Malaysia. Methods: We established a nurse-led patient navigation center at a secondary government hospital in Klang. This clinical team involved the surgery, pathology, radiology and nursing departments and provided patient-centered care, including patient tracking and call reminder systems, family counseling, health education and decision aids. The community team involved a Patient Navigator Program Coordinator and a Community Navigator. We compared treatment delays and adherence to treatment between navigated patients and patients registered in the year prior to the PN program. We used Student t-tests and Pearson χ2 or Fisher's Exact tests to compare timeliness between navigated patients and patients registered in the year prior. Results: Of the 136 Malaysian women enrolled in the PNP in 2015, 48.9% were diagnosed with advanced disease (stage 3 or 4). Women with advance disease had a lower median monthly household income compared with women with early disease (USD $350 vs $540, P = 0.023). Women with advance disease were also less likely to have personal transportation to the hospital (36.4% vs 56.5%, P = 0.048). Compared with the year before PN, more navigated patients underwent mammography within 7 days of their first visit (96.4% vs 74.4%, P < 0.001) and received their diagnosis within 14 days of their first visit (80.0% vs 58.5%, P < 0.001). The proportion of women who met timeliness to treatment initiation was similar for navigated patients and patients in the year prior. The proportion of defaulters were marginally lesser among navigated patients compared with the year prior (4.4% vs 11.5%, P = 0.048). Conclusion: We found that integrating PN within a breast clinic of a middle income country is feasible, and in the long run, could improve outcomes for breast cancer patients. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess the impact of the PN program on improving treatment completion and survival.
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5

Chui, Ping Lei, Khatijah Lim Abdullah, Li Ping Wong, and Nur Aishah Taib. "Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Symptom Burden in Women Undergoing Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer in Malaysia." Cancer Nursing 41, no. 3 (2018): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0000000000000527.

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6

Chua, M., V. Silvathorai, M. Muniasamy, H. S. Mohd Hashim, C. Lim, N. I. Binti Junazli, S. L. Choo, and K. Y. Low. "Experience and Impact of a Locally-Based Peer, Volunteer Cancer Support Programme in Hospital Melaka, Melaka Malaysia." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 113s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.47300.

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Background: Melaka is a small southern state in Peninsular Malaysia. On average, the state has an annual incidence of 200 odd breast cancer patients, largely treated out of its public, subsidized, single tertiary treatment center of Hospital Melaka. Hospital Melaka is an 800-bedded hospital with multiple specialties including surgery and radiology. Though the hospital does not have a dedicated oncology department, cancer treatment is carried out via phone consultations and visiting oncologists as well as a team of on-site nursing staff who are trained to initiate and monitor treatment. Feedback from Hospital Melaka staff highlighted that there was a drop-out rate of about 30% of patients from the treatment journey. Qualitative interviews with different stakeholders including patient revealed that the drop-out may be driven by factors such as: i) fear of surgery, ii) fear of chemotherapy, iii) fear of disfigurement, iv) loss of spouse v) emotional distress and shock; and vi) delay in waiting times for different levels of diagnostics and treatment. Aim: The aim of the initiative was to reduce the rate of patients who defaulted out from the cancer treatment journey via a three-pronged approach: a) improving understanding about cancer and treatment by patients and family members; b) integrating peer-support into the clinical treatment pathway at the hospital and reduction of waiting times; and c) maintaining a continuous interaction with the patient throughout the treatment journey. Methods: The inception and deployment of a locally-based peer, volunteer support program for breast cancer patients and families as part of the formal cancer treatment process in Hospital Melaka. Volunteers were consisted of a trained mix of cancer survivors, current and retired healthcare practitioners and provided information pertaining to treatment and care aspects of breast cancer as well as emotional support and follow-up of patients via phone or in person to ensure compliance to treatment. In this study, we engaged with various stakeholders including hospital management and clinicians. Then, support group's services were formalized into the care pathway for all patients with breast cancer; with both volunteers able to send and receive patient referrals. Results: Statistically significant reductions in patient delays in decision-making to seek treatment as well as a significant decrease of 12.5% in the number of defaulters. Conclusion: A support program built with support from all stakeholders and run by volunteers and embedded within the formal care process acts as a catalyst to enhance both service delivery as well as keeping patients engaged on the cancer care journey.
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7

Gopal, Raja Lexshimi Raja, Kinta Beaver, Tony Barnett, and Nik Safiah Nik Ismail. "A Comparison of the Information Needs of Women Newly Diagnosed With Breast Cancer in Malaysia and the United Kingdom." Cancer Nursing 28, no. 2 (March 2005): 132???140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002820-200503000-00007.

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8

Ahmad, Farizah, Mazanah binti Muhammad, and Amini Amir Abdullah. "Religion and Spirituality in Coping with Advanced Breast Cancer: Perspectives from Malaysian Muslim Women." Journal of Religion and Health 50, no. 1 (October 6, 2010): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-010-9401-4.

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9

Pahlevan Sharif, Saeed. "Locus of control, quality of life, anxiety, and depression among Malaysian breast cancer patients: The mediating role of uncertainty." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 27 (April 2017): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2017.01.005.

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10

Abdullah, Matin Mellor, Ahmad Kamal Mohamed, Yoke Ching Foo, Catherine May Ling Lee, Chin Teong Chua, Chin Huei Wu, LP Hoo, Teck Onn Lim, and Sze Whey Yen. "Breast Cancer Survival at a Leading Cancer Centre in Malaysia." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 16, no. 18 (January 11, 2016): 8513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8513.

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11

Ibrahim, Nor Idawaty, M. Dahlui, E. N. Aina, and N. Al-Sadat. "Who are the Breast Cancer Survivors in Malaysia?" Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 13, no. 5 (May 30, 2012): 2213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2213.

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12

Htay, Mila Nu Nu, Michael Donnelly, Desiree Schliemann, Siew Yim Loh, Maznah Dahlui, Saunthari Somasundaram, Nor Saleha Binti Ibrahim Tamin, and Tin Tin Su. "Breast Cancer Screening in Malaysia: A Policy Review." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 22, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 1685–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.6.1685.

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13

Judkins, Alice F., and Jeri Akins. "BREAST CANCER." Nursing Clinics of North America 36, no. 3 (September 2001): 527–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02576-2.

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14

Nogueira, Susan M., and Susan E. Appling. "BREAST CANCER." Nursing Clinics of North America 35, no. 3 (September 2000): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02508-7.

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15

Ellerhorst-Ryan, Jan M., and Janet Goeldner. "BREAST CANCER." Nursing Clinics of North America 27, no. 4 (December 1992): 821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02812-2.

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16

Budin, Wendy C., Carol Noll Hoskins, Judith Haber, Deborah Witt Sherman, Greg Maislin, Jacqueline R. Cater, Frances Cartwright-Alcarese, et al. "Breast Cancer." Nursing Research 57, no. 3 (May 2008): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nnr.0000319496.67369.37.

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17

Downs-Holmes, Catherine, and Paula Silverman. "Breast cancer." Nurse Practitioner 36, no. 12 (December 2011): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.npr.0000407602.29522.d7.

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18

&NA;. "Breast cancer." Nurse Practitioner 36, no. 12 (December 2011): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.npr.0000408548.54197.f7.

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19

Yarbro, Connie Henke. "International Nursing and Breast Cancer." Breast Journal 9, s2 (May 2003): S98—S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4741.9.s2.12.x.

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20

MOHD NORSUDDIN, NORHASHIMAH, and NURFADHILAH IDRIS. "The Impact of Breast Density on Breast Cancer Detection." Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia 19, no. 01 (January 25, 2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jskm-2021-1901-12.

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OBJEKTIF: Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenalpasti kategori densiti payudara yang mempunyai kebarangkalian tinggi untuk menyebabkan kanser payudara tidak dikesan atau disalah diagnosis. METODOLOGI: Kelulusan etika menjalankan penyelidikan telah diperolehi daripada Jawatankuasa Etika Penyelidikan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Sebanyak 495 kes mamografi telah dipilih dari Jabatan Radiologi, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Semua kes mamografi telah diasingkan kepada 4 kumpulan diagnosis iaitu negative benar, positif benar, positif palsu dan negatif palsu. Kemudian, setiap kes mamografi dibahagikan mengikut empat kategori densiti payudara BI-RADS (I, II, III, IV). Analisis kebarangkalian risiko (odd ratio) setiap kategori densiti payudara dengan keputusan positif palsu dan negatif palsu dilakukan dengan menggunakan ujian regresi logistik. HASIL KAJIAN: Kebarangkalian imej mamografi dalam kategori densiti BI-RAD IV didiagnosis sebagai positif palsu adalah emapt kali ganda berbanding imej mamografi dalam kategori densiti BI-RAD I (odd ratio [OR], 4.27; 95% CI,0.88- 20.67). Manakala, imej mamografi yang mempunyai densiti BI-RAD II dan BI-RAD III mempunyai hampir dua kali ganda kemungkinan didiagnosis sebagai negatif palsu berbanding wanita berdensiti BI-RAD I (odd ratio [OR], 1.59, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.29-8.77, 0.25-7.01). KESIMPULAN: Densiti payudara dalam mamografi mempengaruhi keputusan diagnosis pakar radiologi dalam pengesanan kanser payudara. Kes mamografi yang mempunyai densiti BI-RAD IV lebih cenderung disalah diagnosis. Manakala pengesanan kanser dalam payudara berdensiti BI-RAD II dan BI-RAD III lebih berisiko untuk tidak dikesan. Penelitian yang lebih perlu diberikan dalam mentafsir imej mamografi berdensiti BI-RAD II, III dan IV bagi mengelakkan kanser disalah diagnosis atau tidak dikesan di peringkat awal. Pengesanan awal kanser payudara dapat meningkatkan kemandirian pesakit kanser.
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21

Leong, Pooi Pooi, Rohaizak Muhammad, Naqiyah Ibrahim, Soon Keng Cheong, and Heng Fong Seow. "HLA-A and breast cancer in West Peninsular Malaysia." Medical Oncology 28, no. 1 (January 13, 2010): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12032-009-9414-6.

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22

Ganesh, Sri, Munn-Sann Lye, and Fen Nee Lau. "Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Patients In Malaysia." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 17, no. 4 (June 1, 2016): 1677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.1677.

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23

Nies, Yong Hui, Farida Islahudin, Wei Wen Chong, Norlia Abdullah, Fuad Ismail, Ros Suzanna Ahmad Bustamam, Yoke Fui Wong, Saladina Jaszle, and Noraida Mohamed Shah. "Treatment decision-making among breast cancer patients in Malaysia." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 11 (October 2017): 1767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s143611.

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24

Loud, Jennifer. "Breast Cancer Prevention." Nurse Practitioner 24, Supplement (November 1999): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-199911001-00106.

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&NA;. "Breast Cancer Prevention." Nurse Practitioner 24, Supplement (November 1999): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-199911001-00121.

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26

Hinson-Smitb, Vicki. "Breast cancer survivors:." Nurse Practitioner 25, no. 10 (October 2000): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-200025100-00013.

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27

Cappiello, Michelle, Regina S. Cunningham, M. Tish Knobf, and Diane Erdos. "Breast Cancer Survivors." Clinical Nursing Research 16, no. 4 (November 2007): 278–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773807306553.

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28

Coward, Doris Dickerson, and David L. Kahn. "Transcending Breast Cancer." Journal of Holistic Nursing 23, no. 3 (September 2005): 264–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898010105277649.

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29

Carroll-Johnson, Rose Mary. "Beyond Breast Cancer." Oncology Nursing Forum 29, no. 9 (January 1, 2002): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/02.onf.1247.

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Moore, Susan. "Inflammatory Breast Cancer." Oncology Nursing Forum 32, no. 5 (January 1, 2005): 907–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/05.onf.907-911.

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31

Nielsen, Beverly B. "Breast cancer screening." Seminars in Oncology Nursing 7, no. 3 (August 1991): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-2081(91)90028-n.

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32

Mellington, Terrie E., and Margaret M. Fields. "Targeting Breast Cancer." Nurse Practitioner 33, no. 5 (May 2008): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.npr.0000317483.12297.0a.

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&NA;. "Targeting Breast Cancer." Nurse Practitioner 33, no. 5 (May 2008): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.npr.0000317484.50414.48.

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34

Petersen, Mary A., and Vickie K. Fieler. "Breast Cancer." American Journal of Nursing 100, no. 4 (April 2000): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3521928.

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35

&NA;. "BREAST CANCER." American Journal of Nursing 97, no. 9 (September 1997): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199709000-00004.

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36

Petersen, Mary A., and Vickie K. Fieler. "Breast Cancer." AJN, American Journal of Nursing &NA;, Supplement (April 2000): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000370630.09937.9c.

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37

Sandelin, K., J. P. Apffelstaedt, H. Abdullah, E. M. Murray, and E. U. Ajuluchuku. "Breast Surgery International — Breast Cancer in Developing Countries." Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 91, no. 3 (September 2002): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145749690209100302.

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Breast Surgery International (BSI) was formed in 1999 as an integrated society within the International Surgical Society ISS/SIC. One goal is to promote breast surgery world wide and focus on the situation in the developing countries. An edited summary of a symposium on locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and the current situation in two African countries and in Malaysia is reported. Diagnosis, management and treatment options differ from recommendations that prevail due to lack of resources, lack of access to facilities and cultural and socioeconomic barriers. Younger age at onset, more men are affected and locally advanced breast cancer dominates the clinical panorama. A rational treatment plan for LABC should have chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy as armaments. A unique opportunity exists for international interchange within a professional organization such as BSI, for providing training opportunities, for clinical and experimental studies of the world's most common female malignancy.
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Frankel, Cynthia. "Choosing the Appropriate Breast Cancer Therapy for Today's Breast Cancer Patient." Seminars in Oncology Nursing 23 (November 2007): S3—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2007.10.002.

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39

D'HAESE, SVEN. "Breast Cancer: Nursing Care & Management." European Journal of Cancer Care 13, no. 2 (May 2004): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2354.2004.00486.x.

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Fackelmann, K. A. "Nursing Protects Moms from Breast Cancer." Science News 145, no. 3 (January 15, 1994): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3978233.

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França, Katia Correia Carlos de, Simone Correia Sacramento, and Máxima Maria dos Reis Faustino. "Inflammatory breast cancer x nursing care." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Cancerologia 24, no. 63 (2022): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/258045.24.63-6.

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Loerzel, Victoria Wochna, and Karen Hassey Dow. "Male Breast Cancer." Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/04.cjon.191-192.

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Suwankhong, Dusanee, and Pranee Liamputtong. "Breast Cancer Treatment." Cancer Nursing 39, no. 3 (2016): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0000000000000255.

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44

Wyatt, Gwen, Margot E. Kurtz, and Michelle Liken. "Breast cancer survivors." Cancer Nursing 16, no. 6 (December 1993): 440???448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002820-199312000-00003.

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45

Fredette, Sheila LaFortune. "Breast cancer survivors." Cancer Nursing 18, no. 1 (February 1995): 35???46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002820-199502000-00006.

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46

Mohan, Devi, Tin Tin Su, Michael Donnelly, Wilfred Mok Kok Hoe, Désirée Schliemann, Min Min Tan, Daniel Reidpath, Nur Aishah Taib, and Pascale Allotey. "Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 12293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312293.

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Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest cancer in Malaysia. Delayed diagnosis is a significant cause of BC mortality in the country. Early diagnosis and screening are vital strategies in mortality reduction. This study assessed the level of utilisation and barriers for breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammogram in a semi-rural population in Malaysia and compared these across the different ethnic groups. This cross-sectional study was conducted among women aged 40 years and above, embedded within a health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS) in Segamat, Malaysia. Trained data collectors collected data on screening and barriers during home visits. Study participants (n = 250) were aged 59.4 ± 10.9 years and represented Malaysia’s three major ethnic groups. Practice of regular BSE, CBE uptake (ever) and mammogram (ever) was 23.2%, 36% and 22.4%, respectively. Regular BSE practice was highest in the Malay ethnic group and least among the Chinese. Regular CBE was very low in all ethnic groups (<5%). Mammogram uptake was highest among Chinese (34.4%), followed by Indians (30.4%) and Malays (16.6%). After adjusting for other socio-demographic variables, Malay ethnicity was positively associated with regular BSE (adjusted OR = 5.26, 95% CI 2.05, 13.50) and negatively associated with having had a mammogram (adjusted OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.15, 0.57). Lower education was negatively associated (adjusted OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.17, 0.74) with mammogram attendance (ever). Emotional and financial barriers were the most reported types of barriers, specifically, fear of diagnosis (74.8%), cost of diagnosis (69.6%) and fear of losing a breast (66.4%). Malay women more commonly reported most barriers compared to other ethnic groups. Screening uptake was low among semi-rural women in Malaysia. Implementing culturally appropriate interventions that consider ethnic differences is crucial to empowering women to engage in BC screening initiatives in these communities.
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47

Mamat, Wan Hasliza Wan, Nikki Jarrett, and Susi Lund. "Diagnostic Interval: Experiences among Women with Breast Cancer in Malaysia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T5 (January 2, 2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7833.

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BACKGROUND: The diagnostic pathway is critical for early breast cancer detection and prognosis improvement. Countries such as the United Kingdom, particularly England, have implemented faster diagnosis standards to ensure that patients receive a definitive diagnosis of cancer or are ruled out within 28 days of referral. However, there is a severe shortage of data on the experiences of breast cancer patients in Malaysia during the diagnostic interval. AIM: This study aimed to explore what happened to the women during the diagnostic phase prior to confirmation of breast cancer. METHODOLOGY: Purposive sampling was applied, and 14 participants were recruited from two government hospitals. The participants took part in in-depth, face-to-face, one-time, and audio-recorded interviews. All the interviews were subsequently transcribed verbatim and analyzed using narrative analysis. RESULTS: The diagnostic interval for the women in this study was 1–3 months from first medical contact till diagnosis. Four themes were identified during the analysis for the diagnostic interval: 1) Women who are suspected of having breast cancer; 2) Women who experience false reassurance; 3) Woman who experience delayed referral; and 4) Women who experience inconclusive investigation results. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that early warning signs of breast cancer may prompt doctors to take immediate action. However, unexpected delays may occur as a result of staffing and system issues in the healthcare system. Healthcare professionals should aggressively refer patients with typical symptoms and actively follow-up with patients who present with atypical symptoms in the community. Continuing education for healthcare professionals is necessary to improve diagnostic and referral procedures.
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48

Nielsen, Beverly B., and Dawn East. "Advances in Breast Cancer." Nursing Clinics of North America 25, no. 2 (June 1990): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02931-0.

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49

Bustamam, Ros Suzanna Ahmad, Yu Kong Leong, Flora Li Tze Chong, Florence Wong Yoke Fui, Yew-Teik Cheong, and Goh Kenny. "A Retrospective, Observational Study to Determine the Patient and Tumor Characteristics of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients Treated at Five Main Public Cancer Centers in Malaysia." Asian Journal of Oncology 6, no. 01 (January 2020): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708108.

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Abstract Introduction Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpressing breast cancer is a high-risk subtype with poor prognosis. The incidence of HER2 expressing tumors is high in Malaysia; however, there is limited information on the characteristics of these tumors. Therefore, we sought to collect the patient and tumor characteristics of HER2+ breast cancer cases at five centers in Malaysia. Patients and Methods A retrospective review was conducted of the data from charts of patients diagnosed with HER2+ breast cancer between January 2014 and December 2015 at Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Institute Kanser Negara, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Hospital Besar Sarawak, and Hospital Likas in Malaysia. Results Of the 1,519 screened patient’ charts, 396 were included for the analysis. The average age of HER2+ breast cancer cases at diagnosis was 51.07 years. A high percentage of cases presented at an advanced stage (38.89 and 12.12% with stage 3 and 4, respectively). About 58.84% of patients were categorized as “high-risk,” with one or more lymph node involvement. Close to half (47.98%) of cases presented with T2 stage tumors, and infiltrating ductal carcinomas were reported in 85.35% of tumors. The most common immunohistochemical subtype was estrogen receptor (ER)+/progesterone receptor (PR)+/HER2+ (47.47%), followed by ER–/PR–/HER2+ (37.12%). Conclusion HER2 overexpressing tumors represent an aggressive subtype in Malaysia with large tumor size, high tumor grade, and lymph node involvement. Early diagnosis and management of these tumors may help improve the survival rates. Future studies should help elucidate the treatment patterns and outcomes in HER2+ breast cancer patients in Malaysia.
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50

Mohd Said, Zakiah, and Rosnah Sutan. "ARE WE DOING ENOUGH IN PROMOTING BREAST CANCER SCREENING: AN EVALUATION OF MALAYSIA BREAST CANCER SCREENING PROGRAM." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 21, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.3/art.1430.

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women globally. Several ways of breast cancer screening tools are available. This study aims to evaluate Malaysia's breast cancer screening program using the national database based on participation and performance indicators for the past five years. A retrospective cumulative analysis of clinical breast examination and mammogram screening services were performed using the national dataset of 2016-2020 obtained from the Health Informatics Centres, Ministry of Health Malaysia. The performance indicator represents the percentage of breast abnormality detected during clinical breast examination and the proportion of confirmed cancer through mammogram screening. A reduction in the participation rate for clinical breast examination was noted from 2016 (25.8%) to 2020(25.1%). However, a high participation rate in 2019 (29.1%) was noted following active health promotion intervention. The rate of high-risk women who underwent mammogram screening fluctuated by years according to active breast awareness campaign. The average rate of confirmed breast cancer annually was 0.7% and was noted highest in 2020 (1.17%). Improving early diagnosis is an eminent strategy for cancer control in all settings, including strengthening health systems and providing universal health coverage. Successful breast cancer prevention and control programs require intersectoral planning and active community participation. Ensuring sustainability and accessibility of breast cancer screening programs is highly needed. Fostering good collaborative multiagency partnership and community participation for the cancer control program urges an innovative approach through a policy formulation.
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