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1
Kim, Hye-Jin, and Sang-Ho Yoo. "Effects of Combined α-Amylase and Endo-Xylanase Treatments on the Properties of Fresh and Frozen Doughs and Final Breads." Polymers 12, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061349.
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Frozen bread doughs usually exhibit less bread volume and poor texture due to dough weakening as well as reduced yeast viability. The objectives of this study were to improve the textural properties of frozen bread dough by applying carbohydrate-active enzymes, α-amylase and endo-xylanase. Each enzyme was applied to dough formulation at 20 (748 and 3.5 units, respectively) and 100 ppm levels of flour, and their combined treatments were also applied. Enzyme-treated doughs were kept frozen at −20 °C for 2 weeks, and then baked following the official American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) method. A texture profile analysis of oven-baked breads was performed at 25 °C after a 5-day storage period. α-Amylase treatment at a 100 ppm level increased the specific bread volume by 24.5% and 21.9% when compared to untreated fresh and frozen bread doughs, respectively, and decreased crumb hardness by 63.4% and 58.3%; endo-xylanase (100 ppm) also decreased crumb hardness by 56.9% and 26.9%. The combined use of α-amylase and endo-xylanase retarded bread hardening synergistically after a 5-day storage period.
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Belcar, Justyna, Anna Sobczyk, Tomasz R. Sekutowski, Sławomir Stankowski, and Józef Gorzelany. "Evaluation of Flours from Ancient Varieties of Wheat (Einkorn, Emmer, Spelt) used in Production of Bread." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aucft-2021-0005.
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Abstract The study investigates rheological properties of dough and baking process made from flour obtained by milling grains from ancient varieties of wheat (einkorn, emmer and spelt), compared to common wheat flour dough (Arkadia variety). The findings show that einkorn flour dough and emmer flour dough present poor tolerance to mechanical processing and prolonged fermentation. These types of dough should be mixed through relatively short, and fermentation time should not exceed 80 minutes for einkorn dough and 45 minutes in the case of emmer dough. In the case of spelt flour dough, the optimum duration of mechanical processing and fermentation amounted to 10 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively. In terms of technological and baking parameters, spelt flour was most similar to the flour obtained by milling conventional wheat, and the superiority of the former was in fact identified in the case of selected factors. A one-stage method was used in the baking process and the bread was then subjected to organoleptic and physicochemical assessments and to texture profile analysis (TPA). Measurements were also performed to determine the indicators reflecting the quality of the baking processes, including dough yield, baking loss and bread yield. The physical parameters of the bread produced were significantly related to the wheat variety. The loaves made from einkorn and spelt flour were of good quality, comparable to the bread made from the conventional wheat, while their baking quality indicators were satisfying. Bread dough made from emmer flour did not meet the required parameters mainly related to the organoleptic assessment and selected physical properties of the bread crumb. However, the one-stage production method should not be applied to doughs made from emmer flour. Given the specific characteristics of the breads produced from the ancient wheat varieties, including their pleasant taste and aroma, as well as attractive colour in the case of einkorn bread, these baked products may be an interesting addition to the assortment of breads on offer from bakeries, restaurants and agritourist farms.
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Zhao, Yuxia, and Meera Kweon. "Optimized Fermentation and Freezing Conditions for Ready-to-Proof and Ready-to-Bake Frozen Dough of Sweet Bread." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 7904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177904.
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The processing conditions for ready-to-proof (RTP) and ready-to-bake (RTB) frozen sweet bread doughs were optimized using response surface methodology. A central composite design determined four factors and the tested range for each factor: a first fermentation time of 15~45 min, a second fermentation time of 30~90 min, a freezing temperature of −45~−25 °C, and a freezing time of 30~90 min. Sweet bread produced with these doughs was evaluated by bread weight, moisture content, crust color, height, volume, and firmness. Both the RTP and RTB doughs resulted in equal bread volume and height to the fresh dough, indicating excellent frozen stability. The first and second fermentation times were the significant processing factors for the RTP and RTB doughs influencing representative bread quality attributes based on quadratic models and ANOVA. Fermentation steps appeared to more significantly contribute to the quality of sweet bread made of frozen dough than freezing steps. The optimized RTP and RTB sweet bread dough processing conditions were the long first and second fermentation times for the dough based on a multiple response method and desirability. The optimum processing conditions for the RTP and RTB doughs were 44.7 min for the first fermentation time, 86.3 min for the second fermentation time, a −32.8 °C freezing temperature, and an 85.5 min freezing time.
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Pejcz, Ewa, and Iva Burešová. "Rheological Characteristics of Model Gluten-Free Dough with Plantago Seeds and Husk Incorporation." Foods 11, no. 4 (February 13, 2022): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11040536.
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The seeds and husk of Plantago origin are rich source of dietary fiber known for its medicinal use. Despite the use of both Plantago psyllium and Plantago ovata products due to their physicochemical and nutritional properties, only the effects of Plantago ovata husk have been studied. Their structure-forming properties may positively affect gluten-free bread quality only if an adequate dough hydration is used. The aim of the work is to analyze the effect of different Plantago products: Plantago psyllium seeds and Plantago ovata seeds and husk in quantities of 3, 6 and 9% share on the rheological profile of model gluten-free dough and bread and bread’s technological quality and shelf-life. The rheological parameters of the dough were determined with Mixolab protocols and uniaxial deformation test. Bread quality and its textural profile analysis after cooling and storage were determined. The addition of Plantago psyllium seeds weakened the dough. All additives contributed to a reduction in starch retrogradation, bread hardness and water loss during baking, and to the improvement of the doughs’ resistance to extension, dough energy and bread yield. This influence is strongest when the Plantago ovata husk was used. However, the consumer acceptance of the tested breads was low and, in this respect, the breads with the addition of seeds of both Plantago psyllium and ovata were considered to be better than the husk.
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Huang, Chengye, Jing Huang, Binle Zhang, Jacob Ojobi Omedi, Cheng Chen, Liyuan Zhou, Li Liang, et al. "Rheo-Fermentation Dough Properties, Bread-Making Quality and Aroma Characteristics of Red Bean (Vigna angularis) Sourdough Induced by LAB Weissella confusa QS813 Strain Fermentation." Foods 12, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030605.
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This study investigated the impact of in situ-formed exopolysaccharides (EPS) in red bean (Vigna angularis) sourdough fermented by Weissella confusa QS813 on dough rheo-fermentation properties, bread-making quality and aroma characteristics of red bean sourdough bread. The EPS formed in red bean sourdough and sourdough-induced acidification improved the maximum dough fermentation height, gas retention coefficient and viscoelastic properties of dough. Doughs had a lower increase rate of total SDS-soluble gluten proteins, a low decline in GMP content and similar free sulfhydryl content to wheat dough. Resultantly, breads showed declines in baking loss and hardness, increase in specific volume and lower moisture loss and staling rate after 7 days of storage. Finally, despite a reduction in the total content of aroma compounds, new aroma compounds such as acetic acid and higher contents of 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2,3-butanediol were enriched in red bean sourdough bread. Sourdough acidification probably promoted interaction of EPS with gluten or red bean proteins through bond interactions to form structures which stabilized gluten in dough and increased water-binding ability in red bean sourdough bread. This study provided a better understanding of the role of EPS in sourdough in improving bread quality and of promising strategies to address consumer demand for nutritious and clean-label products.
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Albasir, Mohamed Otman Saleh, Mohammad Alyassin, and Grant Murray Campbell. "Development of Bread Dough by Sheeting: Effects of Sheeting Regime, Bran Level and Bran Particle Size." Foods 11, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11152300.
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The effects of sheeting on bread dough development and baked loaf quality were investigated, using Dynamic Dough Density and springback to quantify development, and examining effects of the sheeting regime on bread quality in terms of loaf volume and crumb structure. Bread doughs, with and without bran at different levels and particle sizes, were formed through a short mixing period, then sheeted through a benchtop manual sheeter at roll gaps of 6, 9 and 12 mm for different numbers of sheeting passes. The sheeting of doughs without bran increased dough expansion and baked loaf volume up to 12 sheeting passes. Loaves were larger after sheeting at a 6 mm roll gap, reflecting the greater gluten development at the smaller gap, although the crumb structure was less fine, with fewer gas cells and larger average gas cell diameters. The addition of bran decreased dough expansion and loaf volumes, with Fine bran and Coarse bran both more damaging than Medium bran, indicating the opportunity to optimise bran particle size to maximise bread quality. Sheeting was effective in alleviating the damaging effects of bran, with sheeting for 8 passes giving more dough expansion, larger loaf volumes and finer crumb structures than sheeting for 12 passes, indicating an even more damaging effect of bran when gluten is overstretched by sheeting. The work demonstrates the opportunity to enhance bread quality, particularly of healthy high-fibre breads, by employing sheeting to enhance gluten development and to offset the damage to gluten caused by the presence of bran.
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Franco, Maria, Mayara Belorio, and Manuel Gómez. "Assessing Acerola Powder as Substitute for Ascorbic Acid as a Bread Improver." Foods 11, no. 9 (May 8, 2022): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091366.
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Bread is one of the most widely consumed products in the world. The use of oxidants is common in bread production, but consumers are demanding products with less additives. Acerola is the fruit with the highest ascorbic acid content and, once dried, it can be used as an oxidant in baking. The use of acerola powder in bread making and its effect on bread quality is studied in this article and compared with the addition of ascorbic acid. For this purpose, flour properties and dough behaviour were analysed with a farinograph and an alveograph. Breads were elaborated with white wheat flour and wholemeal flour; specific volume, loaf height, weight loss, texture, colour, and cell structure were analysed. Acerola powder had similar effects to ascorbic acid: it increased the alveographic strength and the tenacity of the doughs without reducing extensibility; it incremented dough development time (DDT) and dough softening; it increased the specific volume of white wheat breads, and it reduced the hardness of white and wholemeal breads, without significant changes in crust or crumb colour. Therefore, acerola powder can be a natural alternative to the use of ascorbic acid as an improver in bread making.
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Cukier de Aquino, Vanessa, Attilio Converti, Patrizia Perego, and Suzana Caetano da Silva Lannes. "Leavening Bread Dough." Current Nutrition & Food Science 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340112800840835.
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Djukic, Dragutin, Milorad Radovic, Leka Mandic, and Slavica Veskovic-Moracanin. "Effect of bread dough mixing method on rye bread quality." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 45 (2014): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1445011d.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sourdough (indirect bread dough mixing method) on the quality of rye/wheat bread (TYPE 500 wheat flour and whole grain rye flour - 60:40) and determine its advantages over the straight dough method. Three bread dough mixing methods were used: I - indirect bread dough mixing using flour scalding; II - indirect bread dough mixing without flour scalding; III - straight dough mixing. The study involved the monitoring of the following: microbial characterristics of the flour and dough (yeasts and lactic acid bacteria) and of the bread (presence of Enterobacteriaceae, yeasts and moulds); chemical properties of the dough and the bread (pH and degree of acidity); organoleptic attributes of bread (volume, porosity according to Dallman, crumb elasticity, pore structure fineness, bread crumb score, external appearance, crumb appearance, flavour of both the crust and the crumb). The results showed the highest counts of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in the indirect bread dough mixing method using rye flour scalding. The rye/wheat bread made with sourdough had a mild sourish flavour, an intense aroma, a prolonged shelf life, and reduced crumbliness. The study suggests that the technological process of sourdough-type rye/wheat bread making is an important requirement in improving bread quality and assortment that can be used in any bakery facility.
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Navrot, Nicolas, Rikke Buhl Holstborg, Per Hägglund, Inge Povlsen, and Birte Svensson. "New Insights into the Potential of Endogenous Redox Systems in Wheat Bread Dough." Antioxidants 7, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox7120190.
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Various redox compounds are known to influence the structure of the gluten network in bread dough, and hence its strength. The cereal thioredoxin system (NTS), composed of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTR) and thioredoxin (Trx), is a major reducing enzymatic system that is involved in seed formation and germination. NTS is a particularly interesting tool for food processing due to its heat stability and its broad range of protein substrates. We show here that barley NTS is capable of remodeling the gluten network and weakening bread dough. Furthermore, functional wheat Trx that is present in the dough can be recruited by the addition of recombinant barley NTR, resulting in dough weakening. These results confirm the potential of NTS, especially NTR, as a useful tool in baking for weakening strong doughs, or in flat product baking.
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Manano, John, Patrick Ogwok, George William Byarugaba-Bazirake, and Ediriisa Mugampoza. "Rheological, Baking and Sensory Characteristics of Bread from Wheat-Cassava Composite Dough." Journal of Food Research 10, no. 5 (September 16, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v10n5p18.
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Uganda produces cassava, which has potential as a raw material for agro-industry. In this study, wheat flour was blended with high quality cassava flour in the ratios 100:0, 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40; 50:50 and 40:60 and the composite dough used to prepare bread. The doughs were subjected to rheological analysis using mixolab, consistograph and alveograph. Bread physical properties were measured and sensory qualities evaluated to correlate rheological characteristics of flour/dough with bread quality. Inclusion of cassava flour in the composite dough negatively affected the quality of the composite bread compared to the control. Bread volume (631.0 to 516.7 cm3) decreased, specific volume (2.065 to 1.574 cm3/g) decreased, bread density (0.49 to 0.63 g/cm3) increased. Mean scores for sensory quality parameters reduced: crust colour (6.88 to 4.63), taste (7.13 to 4.25), crumb texture (6.5 to 4.63) and overall acceptability (8.13 to 4.5). Bread quality was positively correlated with mixolab parameters protein weakening (C2), dough stability and dough development time (DDT); alveograph parameters tenacity (P) and deformation energy (W); and consistograph parameter maximum pressure (PrMax). Results showed that bread of acceptable quality can be processed using wheat composite containing 20 % cassava flour. Rheological properties can be used to assess suitability of flour for bread making.
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Jirsa, O., M. Hrušková, and I. Švec. "Bread features evaluation by NIR analysis." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 25, No. 5 (January 7, 2008): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/683-cjfs.
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Bakery characteristics of wheat dough and the final product and their predictability by NIR technique was investigated using 231 variety and commercial wheat samples (crop years 2003–2005). The behaviour of doughs was assessed with Brabender maturograph and OTG (Germany), the final product quality was evaluated by the baking test and image analysis. NIR spectra of flours were acquired on a NIRSystem 6500 spectrometer. Calibration equations for the selected rheological characteristics were computed by WINISI II using mPLS regression. The quality of prediction was evaluated by means of coefficients of correlation between measured and predicted values from cross and independent validation. A statistically significant dependence (with probability higher than 99%) was found with all rheological characteristics. The standard errors of cross-validation were achieved as follows: dough elasticity 16 BU, bread volume (11 min) 58 BU, specific loaf volume 34 cm<sup>3</sup>/100 g, bread cut area 2.6 cm<sup>2, penetration 4.1 mm, average cell area 0.4 mm<sup>2</sup> and cells per cm<sup>2 7.4.
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Gavurníková, Soňa, Michaela Havrlentová, Ľubomír Mendel, Iveta Čičová, Magdaléna Bieliková, and Ján Kraic. "Parameters of Wheat Flour, Dough, and Bread Fortified by Buckwheat and Millet Flours." Agriculture (Polnohospodárstvo) 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10207-011-0015-y.
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Parameters of Wheat Flour, Dough, and Bread Fortified by Buckwheat and Millet FloursThe composite flours were created from basic wheat flour and from buckwheat and millet flours used as additives in the weight ratio of 5-30%. Basic technological parameters of flours (ash content, wet gluten, gluten swelling, sedimentation index, falling number), rheological properties of dough, and sensory parameters of baked bread loaves (weight, specific volume, aroma, taste, structure) were studied. Additives influenced all traits of flours, doughs, and baked breads. From the technological and sensory points of view, baked breads with the addition of buckwheat were accepted up to the addition of 20% and breads with millet up to 5% (even though taste and flavour were accepted up to 15% addition).
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Xu, Yingying, Clifford A. Hall III, and Frank A. Manthey. "Effect of Flaxseed Flour on Rheological Properties of Wheat Flour Dough and on Bread Characteristics." Journal of Food Research 3, no. 6 (August 7, 2014): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v3n6p83.
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<p>Flaxseed (<em>Linum usitatissimum</em>) is an oilseed that is high in omega-3 fatty acid, dietary fiber and lignan. These components are responsible for the health promoting effects of flaxseed. Incorporating flaxseed into foodstuffs such as bread is an approach to increase dietary flaxseed. However, the need for a rapid screen method is needed since a complete baking process may take several hours. Correlating Farinograph parameters with bread characteristics may result in a rapid test that would allow for researchers to identify the proper levels of flaxseed addition to bread without a lengthy baking procedure. Therefore, the effect of 0, 6, 10, and 15% (wt/wt) flaxseed flour (FF) on Farinograph rheological properties of bread flour dough and on bread characteristics were investigated. Results showed that FF significantly (p< 0.05) increased dough water absorption, peak time, and mixing tolerance index, but decreased dough stability. Oven spring was significantly lower for all flaxseed treatments compared to the control. However, the loaf volume of bread made with 6 and 10% FF did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) from the control. The FF concentrations tested did not affect the specific volume of the bread even though the water absorption values were higher for doughs with FF. The breads containing flaxseed had darker crust color and a more yellow crumb color compared to control bread, but the crumb structure was not negatively impacted. Results indicated that Farinograph parameters of bread flour dough could be used as a method for screening FF addition to bread.</p>
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Cappelli, Alessio, Noemi Oliva, and Enrico Cini. "A Systematic Review of Gluten-Free Dough and Bread: Dough Rheology, Bread Characteristics, and Improvement Strategies." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 20, 2020): 6559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186559.
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High-quality, gluten-free doughs and bakery products are clearly more difficult to produce than wheat flour-based products. The poor quality of the breads that are currently available demonstrates that manufacturing remains a significant technological problem. This is mainly due to the absence of gluten, which has a huge negative impact on dough rheology and bread characteristics. Gluten replacement is still the major challenge in the development of doughs and baked goods. The literature documents various improvement strategies. The most active approach seeks to identify alternative ingredients that can mimic the viscoelastic properties of the gluten network, notably hydrocolloids, enzymes, emulsifiers, and alternative sources of protein. However, other innovative strategies, such as high pressure, using heat to dry flour, and sourdough fermentation, have been investigated. In this context, the first aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding gluten-free doughs, breads, and bakery products. Secondly, as it is clear that the manufacture of gluten-free products remains a key challenge, it suggests some improvement strategies that can boost their nutritional, technological, and sensorial characteristics.
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Carboni, Angela Daniela, Andrea Gómez-Zavaglia, Maria Cecilia Puppo, and María Victoria Salinas. "Effect of Freezing Wheat Dough Enriched with Calcium Salts with/without Inulin on Bread Quality." Foods 11, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11131866.
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Bread is a popular food that is widely consumed worldwide but has a short shelf life. Besides that, when incorporating prebiotics and calcium, aging mechanisms accelerate, further shortening the shelf-life. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of freezing storage on the rheological (loss tangent, tan δ) and thermal (glass transition temperature, Tg) properties of unfrozen dough, the fermentation times (tf), and the baking quality of wheat bread fortified with calcium and inulin. Formulations studied included wheat flour (control-C), flour with 1800 ppm Ca (calcium carbonate-CA, calcium citrate-CI or calcium lactate-LA), and flour with 2400 ppm Ca and 12% inulin (calcium carbonate-CA-In, calcium citrate-CI-In or calcium lactate-LA-In). Doughs were stored at −18 °C for 1, 7, 30 and 60 days. After storage, the rheological (oscillatory rheometry and texture profile analysis) and thermomechanical properties of the thawed doughs were measured. The quality parameters of breads determined consisted of specific volume (Vs), color, moisture, firmness, elasticity, and alveoli size characterization. Dough freezing neither changed viscoelasticity (tan δ) nor decreased hardness and adhesiveness up to the values observed for fresh wheat dough. The Tg of dough with calcium carbonate increased, while for samples with organic calcium salts, it (citrate and lactate) decreased. The tf of thawed dough significantly increased. The Vs of all breads did not change during the first 30 days but decreased after freezing the dough for 60 days (p < 0.05), probably due to the death of the yeasts. Crumb moisture decreased over time, and in all cases crumb C had the highest moisture content, suggesting a dehydration effect of the calcium salt. The firmness of CA, LA and C crumbs were similar and higher than that of CI (p < 0.05), suggesting a destabilizing effect of CI anion on gluten proteins. Inulin contributed to the depreciation of bread quality, mainly at 60 days of dough freezing storage. It can be concluded that during freezing storage, calcium improves the dynamic elasticity of the dough, although under extreme conditions it generates loaves of smaller volume. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 66.5% of total variance. Principal component 1 (PC1) was associated with dough properties, and accounted for 44.8% of the total variance. In turn, PC2 was mainly related to baking quality parameters (fermentation time, browning index, firmness and springiness of crumbs), and explained 21.7% of the total variance. Fortification with calcium citrate should be recommended for dough freezing, as breads with softer crumbs were obtained under such conditions.
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Ren, Xiao Qing, Zong Hai Huang, and Xin Yi He. "Effects of Different Refrigerated Processes on the Physical and Sensory Properties of Steamed Bread." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 1589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1589.
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The physical and sensory properties of the steamed bread with different refrigerated processes (frozen steamed bread, pre-steamed steamed bread, proofed-frozen dough, fermented-frozen dough, frozen dough and cold storage dough technology) were compared with fresh steamed bread. The specific volume, spread ratio, whiteness and the parameters from texture profile analysis (TPA) were used to evaluate the physical properties. The results showed that technology of cold storage dough was the best for the steamed bread. Technology of frozen dough and frozen steamed bread were better technology. Technology of pre-steamed steamed bread, proofed-frozen dough and fermented-frozen dough which were used in the industry of bread commonly were not fit for steamed bread.
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Teotônio, Daniela de Oliveira, Bárbara Alana Fonseca da Costa, Paula Thamara Goecking Gomes, Mariana Pereira Santos, Erick Flávio Guimarães Amaral, Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva Clerici, Maria Gabriela Vernaza Leoro, and Marcio Schmiele. "Fructo-oligosaccharides, hydrolyzed soy protein and yeast (Saccharomyces sp.) extract as potential cryoprotectans in gluten-free frozen dough and bread quality." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 3 (March 21, 2021): e44510313556. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13556.
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People with celiac disease, wheat allergy, and non-celiac gluten sensitivity required bakery products without gluten. However, gluten-free bread has a high rate of starch retrogradation during shelf life, resulting in loss of softness in the bread crumbs. The inclusion of frozen doughs for gluten-free bread can provide a feasible solution to increase product supply with high technological and sensory quality, providing fresh bread with uniform characteristics. The biggest challenge in the frozen dough for gluten-free bread is related to the high amount of water added to the dough (70-120 % - flour basis) because the ice crystals formed during the freezing step can cause damage to yeast. The use of cryoprotectants in the dough is an alternative for preserving yeast during freezing and cold chain maintenance. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of fructo-oligosaccharide, hydrolyzed soy protein, and yeast extract as a cryoprotectant in the gluten-free frozen dough and the evaluation of bread quality. Through the Response Surface Methodology, using a Simplex-Centroid Mixture Design, the cryoprotectants were evaluated up to a concentration of 5 % (flour basis) with freezing of the dough for 7 days at -18 °C. The results showed that with the use of cryoprotectants, there was an increase in volume increase of the doughs, in the specific volume of the bread, and the softness of the crumb. The use of 69 % fructo-oligosaccharide and 31 % hydrolyzed soy protein, without the yeast extract, was considered as the optimal formulation for the tested cryoprotectants, with a probability of 79.60 % of success obtained by the desirability function. These levels promoted a better biopreservation of yeast fermentation power and resulting in an improved crumb softness and specific volume at 46 and 40 %, respectively, compared to the standard sample.
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Al-Jahani, Amani H. "Effect of Buttermilk on the Physicochemical, Rheological, and Sensory Qualities of Pan and Pita Bread." International Journal of Food Science 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2054252.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of buttermilk on the physicochemical and sensory attributes of pan and pita breads. Different amounts of buttermilk (30, 60, and 100% of added water) were mixed with other ingredients of pan and pita bread formulations. The doughs and bread were analyzed for rheological, physicochemical, and sensory qualities. The results demonstrated that incorporation of different concentrations of buttermilk in bread formulations progressively enhanced water absorption capacity, dough development time, gelatinization temperature, and peak viscosity, whereas it reduced the dough stability and temperature at peak viscosity. Supplementation of wheat flour with 30% buttermilk significantly (P≤ 0.05) enhanced the physical properties of pan bread compared to nonsupplemented control. Incorporation of different percentages of buttermilk in bread formulation concomitantly (P≤ 0.05) increased protein, oil, and ash contents and it reduced the carbohydrate contents of both types of bread. Incorporation of 60 and 100% of buttermilk in bread formula showed low scores of all sensory attributes compared to control and 30% buttermilk containing pan and pita bread. In conclusion, supplementation of bread formulas with 30% buttermilk is recommended for improving the nutritional and sensorial qualities of pan and pita bread.
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Salas-Mellado, Myriam M., and Yoon Kil Chang. "Effect of formulation on the quality of frozen bread dough." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 46, no. 3 (June 2003): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132003000300018.
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The main objective of this work was to determine the influence of formulation on the stability of bread dough during frozen storage. Bread doughs containing gluten and trehalose were submitted to mechanical freezing at -30° C and stored frozen for 45 days. Two types of instant yeast were tested: (A) for sweet doughs and (B) for savoury doughs. Specific volume was significantly affected by the yeast type, type A showing better effect than type B. Frozen storage of the doughs negatively affected the specific volume, crumb hardness and technological score of the bread. The addition of 10% trehalose had a beneficial effect on the cell survival rate for both the yeasts.
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Franco, Maria, and Manuel Gómez. "Effect of Psyllium on Physical Properties, Composition and Acceptability of Whole Grain Breads." Foods 11, no. 12 (June 8, 2022): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11121685.
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Despite the clear nutritional advantages of wholemeal breads, their consumption is lower than recommended, mainly due to their lower organoleptic quality. This paper proposes the use of psyllium to improve the quality of these breads. For this aim, a wholemeal bread control is compared to breads with psyllium added in different amounts (1 to 10%). Mixolab was used to analyse dough behaviour. Specific volume, texture, macronutrient composition, and bread acceptability were also analysed. Increasing amounts of psyllium resulted in an increased dough hydration and stability, but a reduced kneading time. Specific volume and weight loss were not affected, despite the higher hydration level of the doughs. The addition of psyllium reduced bread hardness and increased its cohesiveness and resilience, thus lowering staling. The addition of psyllium also reduced the calorie content of the breads, due to increased moisture and fibre content. Moreover, the addition of up to 5% psyllium clearly improves the acceptability of wholemeal breads. The use of psyllium can improve the organoleptic and nutritional quality of wholemeal breads, improving their acceptability by consumers.
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CHISENGA, Shadrack Mubanga, Tilahun Seyoum WORKNEH, Geremew BULTOSA, and Buliyaminu Adegbemiro ALIMI. "Effects of cassava flour on the stickiness properties of wheat bread dough: unleavened, leavened and frozen dough." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 114, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2019.114.1.4.
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Cassava utilization in the form of cassava-wheat bread is increasing in Africa. However, information on stickiness properties of dough handling under normal and frozen conditions is limited. In view of this the gluten contents and water absorption of doughs, and stickiness of unleavened, leavened and leavened-frozen doughs processed from 0 to 30 % cassava flour substitution level (CFSL) as compared to wheat flour were determined. The gluten contents of flour blends (6.88–13.00 %) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing CFSL. Water absorption capacity (WAC) was ranged from 59.57–61.70 % and showed positive correlation with gluten contents (r = 0.595, p < 0.05). Cassava variety (CV) and CFSL had significant p < 0.05) influence on stickiness of unleavened (34.14–122.17 g), leavened (13.53–83.94 g) and leavened frozen (126.88–146.82 g) dough. Irrespective of CV and CFSL, frozen dough had the highest stickiness. Gluten content and WAC had significant (p < 0.01) negative influence on stickiness in unleavened (r = -0.445 and -0.437, respectively) and leavened (r = -0.457 and -0.434, respectively) doughs. The variation in stickiness was influenced by gluten contents and CFSL. The unfrozen dough and frozen dough exhibited higher stickiness in lower and higher gluten content flour blends, respectively.
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Bojňanská, Tatiana, Janette Musilová, and Alena Vollmannová. "Effects of Adding Legume Flours on the Rheological and Breadmaking Properties of Dough." Foods 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10051087.
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The influence of the addition of four legume flours, chickpea, broad bean, common bean and red lentil (in amounts of 5%, 10% and 15% to a wheat-rye composite flour (50:50:0-control flour), in ratios of 50:45:5; 50:40:10; 50:35:15) was studied by analyzing the rheological properties of dough in order to further exploit the functionality of legume flours in bakery products. The rheological properties of dough were monitored using a Mixolab 2. A Rheofermentometer F4 was used to check the dough fermentation, and a Volscan was used for evaluating the baking trials. The addition of different legume flours in the mixtures resulted in different viscoelastic properties of the dough. The results showed a weakening of the protein network depending on the amount of legume flour added and on the specific legume flour. On the contrary, all samples with a higher proportion of legume flour showed an increased resistance to starch retrogradation. All flours had the ability to produce a sufficient volume of fermenting gases, with the exception of flours with a higher addition of broad bean flour, and the baking test confirmed a lower bread volume for bread with this addition. The results of the sensory evaluation indicated that legume flour additions resulted in breads with an acceptable sensory quality, in the case of additions of 5% at the same level as the bread controls, or even better. The aromas and flavors of the added non-cereal ingredients improved the sensory profile of wheat-rye bread. Breads with additions of chickpea, common bean and broad bean had a considerable proportion of darker colors in comparison to the control bread and bread with red lentil.
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Škrobot, Dubravka, Tamara Dapčević-Hadnađev, Jelena Tomić, Nikola Maravić, Nikola Popović, Pavle Jovanov, and Miroslav Hadnađev. "Techno-Functional Performance of Emmer, Spelt and Khorasan in Spontaneously Fermented Sourdough Bread." Foods 11, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 3927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11233927.
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The aim of this study was to test the suitability of three different ancient wheat varieties (emmer, spelt and khorasan) to produce spontaneously fermented sourdough bread and to evaluate the impact on the dough rheological properties, ultrastructure and baking quality. Modern wheat sourdough bread and bakery yeast fermented bread were used as controls. Sourdoughs produced from modern and ancient wheats exerted different effects on dough viscoelastic properties, bread specific volume, texture, firming rate, colour and sensory properties, while there was no influence on bread water activity. Both khorasan sourdough, being characterised with the highest dough strength and dense gluten protein matrix, and emmer sourdough, with loose and thin gluten strands of low strength, yielded breads characterised by low specific volume and hard crumb texture. Spelt and modern wheat sourdough were characterised by foam-like dough structures with entrapped gas cells leading to breads of similar specific volume and texture. Although the yeast-fermented wheat flour exerted a higher specific volume and the lowest firmness, the sourdough wheat flour bread had a lower firming rate. A comparison of sourdough bread prepared with modern and ancient wheats revealed that breads based on ancient varieties possess a less noticeable sour taste, odour and flavour, thus contributing to more sensory-appealing sourdough bread.
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Prieto-Vázquez del Mercado, Pavel, Luis Mojica, and Norma Morales-Hernández. "Protein Ingredients in Bread: Technological, Textural and Health Implications." Foods 11, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11162399.
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The current lifestyle and trend for healthier foods has generated a growing consumer interest in acquiring bread products with a better nutritional composition, primarily products with high protein and fiber and low fat. Incorporating different protein sources as functional ingredients has improved the nutritional profile but may also affect the dough properties and final characteristics of bread. This review focuses on the incorporation of different animal, vegetable, and mixed protein sources, and the percentage of protein addition, analyzing nutritional changes and their impact on dough properties and different texture parameters, appearances, and their impact on bread flavor and health-related effects. Alternative processing technologies such as germination and sourdough-based technologies are discussed. Using fermented doughs can improve the nutritional composition and properties of the dough, impacting positively the texture, appearance, flavor, and aroma of bread. It is essential to innovate alternative protein sources in combination with technological strategies that allow better incorporation of these ingredients, not only to improve the nutritional profile but also to maintain the texture and enhance the sensory properties of the bread and consequently, increase the effects on consumer health.
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Graça, Carla, Anabela Raymundo, and Isabel Sousa. "Wheat Bread with Dairy Products—Technology, Nutritional, and Sensory Properties." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (October 1, 2019): 4101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194101.
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As the relation between diet and health became a priority for the consumers, the development of healthy foods enriched with functional ingredients increased substantially. Dairy products represent an alternative for new products and can be used to enhance the functional and nutritional value of bakery products. The addition of yoghurt and curd cheese to wheat bread was studied, and the impact on the dough rheology, microstructure, bread quality, and sensory properties were evaluated. Dairy product additions from 10 to 50 g and higher levels up to 70 g of yoghurt and 83 g of curd cheese were tested. Replacements were performed on wheat flour basis and water absorption. It was observed that the yoghurt additions had a positive impact on the rheology characteristics of the dough. For curd cheese additions, the best dough evaluated on extension was the 30 g of wheat flour formulation. In both cases, the microstructure analysis supported the results obtained for doughs and breads. These breads showed a significant improvement on nutrition profile, which is important to balance the daily diet in terms of major and trace minerals and is important for health-enhancing and maintenance. Good sensorial acceptability for breads with 50 g of yoghurt and 30 g of curd cheese was obtained.
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Chochkov, Rosen, Daniela Savova-Stoyanova, Maria Papageorgiou, João Miguel Rocha, Velitchka Gotcheva, and Angel Angelov. "Effects of Teff-Based Sourdoughs on Dough Rheology and Gluten-Free Bread Quality." Foods 11, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11071012.
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Production of gluten-free bread (GFB) with good quality characteristics represents a technological challenge. Our study aimed to obtain nongluten bread from cereals and pseudocereals with applying single cultures of Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enteroccocus durans as sourdoughs. The effect of sourdoughs on the quality traits of gluten-free (GF) dough and GFB was explored. The structural and baking properties of GF dough composed of teff, rice, corn, and sorghum flours were improved by adding xanthan gum (0.6%), guar gum (1.0%) and carboxymethyl cellulose (1.0%). The tested strains reached 108 cfu/g in teff flour and produced sourdoughs with a pleasant lactic aroma. The sourdough-fermented doughs were softer and more elastic compared to control dough and yielded reduced baking loss. Strain Enterococcus durans ensured the best baking characteristics of GF dough and the highest softness of the GFB during storage. Strain Pediococcus pentosaceus had the most pronounced positive effect on aroma, taste and aftertaste. Pan baking was found to be more appropriate to obtain stable shape and good-looking products. A careful starter culture selection is necessary for GFB development since a significant effect of strain specificity on dough rheology and baking characteristics was observed.
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Kotsiou, Kali, Dimitrios-Diogenis Sacharidis, Anthia Matsakidou, Costas G. Biliaderis, and Athina Lazaridou. "Impact of Roasted Yellow Split Pea Flour on Dough Rheology and Quality of Fortified Wheat Breads." Foods 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2021): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081832.
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Roasted yellow split pea (YSP) flours were used to substitute wheat flour, at 10–20% (flour basis) in wheat bread formulations. Rheometry showed that roasted YSP flour addition increased elasticity and resistance to deformation and flow of the composite doughs, particularly at 20% substitution; instead, at 10% addition (either raw or roasted YSP flour), there were no effects on dough rheology and bread textural properties. Breads fortified with roasted YSP flour at levels >10% exhibited lower loaf-specific volume and harder crumb compared to control (bread without YSP flour). Moreover, only breads with 20% roasted YSP flour displayed a significantly higher staling extent and rate, compared to control, as assessed by large deformation mechanical testing and calorimetry (starch retrogradation) of crumb preparations. This formulation also showed a large increase in β-sheets and β-turns at the expense of α-helix and random coil conformations in protein secondary structure as assessed by FTIR spectroscopy. Roasting of YSP effectively masked the “beany” and “grass-like” off-flavors of raw YSP flour at 10% substitution. Overall, roasted YSP flour at the 10% level was successfully incorporated into wheat bread formulations without adversely affecting dough rheology, bread texture, and shelf-life, resulting in final products with a pleasant flavor profile.
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Figueiredo, Maria José de, Anderson Ferreira Vilela, Celene Ribeiro Ataide, Rossana Maria Feitosa de Figueirêdo, Cristiani Viegas Brandão Grisi, Arianne Dantas Viana, and Érica de Andrade Vieira. "Development and characterization of roll bread with partial replacement of wheat flour by malt bagasse." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (December 1, 2020): e70291110468. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.10468.
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The objective of this work was to develop roll bread with partial replacement of wheat flour by malt bagasse (MB) and to evaluate the changes in their physical-chemical characteristics and microbiological parameters. Four formulations of breads were elaborated: one control without MB, and 3 formulations with partial replacement of wheat flour varying the MB amount in 5, 10 and 15%. MB reduced the carbohydrate content of the dough; consequently, the calories of the bread rolls were also reduced. On the other hand, moisture, minerals and lipids contents were increased. The type of protein changed with the substitution of MB in the dough, but the amount of proteins was not altered. The lowest hardness values were observed in breads with 5% and 10% MB, being related to higher values of acidity in the dough. The increase in the mineral content of the dough was related to the darkening of the bread. All bread formulations showed microbiological quality within the limits established by Brazilian legislation for coliforms at 45 °C, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella sp. The formulation with 10% MB resulted in bread rolls with higher nutritional value, in terms of minerals, lower hardness and with a darker aspect all around when compared to the control bread, giving it an aspect of wholegrain bread.
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Vilmane, Laila, and Evita Straumite. "The Use of Soy Flour in Yellow Maize-Amaranth Gluten-free Bread Production." Proceedings of the Latvia University of Agriculture 31, no. 1 (July 29, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plua-2014-0001.
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Abstract Celiac disease is a permanent enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten, a protein occurring in wheat, rye, and barley. Gluten-free products often have a shorter shelf life, lower quality, and not so pronounced flavour. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new gluten-free products with higher quality and pronounced taste. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of soy flour on the yellow maize-amaranth dough rheological properties and bread quality. To determine the influence of soy flour on gluten-free dough rheological properties and bread quality, soy flour was added at 45%, 50% and 60% to yellow maize flour basis. To study the effect of the amount of water used in the recipe on dough rheological properties and bread quality, each sample (n=7) was prepared in two versions: one with the dough yield 196, and the other with the dough yield 252. The main quality parameters of dough and bread were determined using the following methods: the firmness and resilience of dough, as well as the hardness of bread slice – with a TA.XT.plus Texture Analyser; moisture content of dough – with a thermostat; moisture content of bread crumb – with a Precisa XM 120 at the temperature of 110 °C; and color of bread crumb – in the CIE L*a*b* color system using a ColorTec-PCM/PSM. The best results of dough rheological properties were obtained for samples with dough yield 196, but the best quality of bread – for samples with dough yield 252. It was proved that soy flour improves not only the dough firmness and resilience but also the volume, texture, hardness, moisture content and color of gluten-free bread. No significant differences in the influence of soy flour on dough rheological properties and bread quality were found between the samples with various added amounts of soy flour (45%, 50%, or 60%).
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Nunes, Maria Cristiana, Isabel Fernandes, Inês Vasco, Isabel Sousa, and Anabela Raymundo. "Tetraselmis chuii as a Sustainable and Healthy Ingredient to Produce Gluten-Free Bread: Impact on Structure, Colour and Bioactivity." Foods 9, no. 5 (May 4, 2020): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050579.
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The objective of this work is to increase the nutritional quality of gluten-free (GF) bread by addition of Tetraselmis chuii microalgal biomass, a sustainable source of protein and bioactive compounds. The impact of different levels of T. chuii (0%—Control, 1%, 2% and 4% w/w) on the GF doughs and breads’ structure was studied. Microdough-Lab mixing tests and oscillatory rheology were conducted to evaluate the dough´s structure. Physical properties of the loaves, total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP) of the bread extracts were assessed. For the low additions of T. chuii (1% and 2%), a destabilising effect is noticed, expressed by lower dough viscoelastic functions (G’ and G’’) and poor baking results. At the higher level (4%) of microalgal addition, there was a structure recovery with bread volume increase and a decrease in crumb firmness. Moreover, 4% T. chuii bread presented higher total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity when compared to control. Bread with 4% T. chuii seems particularly interesting since a significant increase in the bioactivity and an innovative green appearance was achieved, with a low impact on technological performance, but with lower sensory scores.
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Beltrão Martins, R., M. C. Nunes, L. M. M. Ferreira, J. A. Peres, A. I. R. N. A. Barros, and A. Raymundo. "Impact of Acorn Flour on Gluten-Free Dough Rheology Properties." Foods 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2020): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050560.
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Gluten is a fundamental ingredient in breadmaking, since is responsible for the viscoelastic behaviour of the dough. The lack of gluten has a critical effect on gluten-free dough, leading to less cohesive and less elastic doughs, and its replacement represents a challenge for bakery industry. However, dough rheology can be improved combining different ingredients with structural capacity and taking advantage from their interactions. Although acorn flour was used to bake bread even before Romans, nowadays is an underexploited resource. It presents good nutritional characteristics, particularly high fibre content and is naturally gluten free. The aim of this study was to use acorn flour as a gluten-free ingredient to improve dough rheology, following also market trends of sustainability and fibre-rich ingredients. Doughs were prepared with buckwheat and rice flours, potato starch and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Two levels of acorn flour (23% and 35% w/w) were tested and compared with control formulation. Micro-doughLAB was used to study mixing and pasting properties. Doughs were characterised using small amplitude oscillatory measurements (SAOS), with a controlled stress rheometer, and regarding Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) by a texturometer. Dietary fibre content and its soluble and insoluble fractions were also evaluated on the developed breads. Acorn flour showed promising technological properties as food ingredient for gluten-free baking (improved firmness, cohesiveness and viscoelasticity of the fermented dough), being an important fibre source.
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Bot, Beatriz. "Mother Dough in Bread Making." Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 2, no. 2 (2014): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20140202.11.
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Means, Charlotte. "Bread dough toxicosis in dogs." Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2003): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1435-6935.2003.00068.x.
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Chiotellis, E., and G. M. Campbell. "Proving of Bread Dough I." Food and Bioproducts Processing 81, no. 3 (September 2003): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/096030803322437965.
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Chiotellis, E., and G. M. Campbell. "Proving of Bread Dough II." Food and Bioproducts Processing 81, no. 3 (September 2003): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/096030803322437974.
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Chin, N. L., P. J. Martin, and G. M. Campbell. "Aeration During Bread Dough Mixing." Food and Bioproducts Processing 82, no. 4 (December 2004): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/fbio.82.4.261.56404.
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Martin, P. J., N. L. Chin, and G. M. Campbell. "Aeration During Bread Dough Mixing." Food and Bioproducts Processing 82, no. 4 (December 2004): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/fbio.82.4.268.56400.
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Martin, P. J., N. L. Chin, G. M. Campbell, and C. J. Morrant. "Aeration During Bread Dough Mixing." Food and Bioproducts Processing 82, no. 4 (December 2004): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/fbio.82.4.282.56408.
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Tanner, Roger I., Shao-Cong Dai, and Fuzhong Qi. "Bread dough rheology and recoil." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 143, no. 2-3 (May 2007): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnnfm.2007.02.001.
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Tanner, Roger I., Fuzhong Qi, and Shao-Cong Dai. "Bread dough rheology and recoil." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 148, no. 1-3 (January 2008): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnnfm.2007.04.006.
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Lu, Xikun, Margaret A. Brennan, Luca Serventi, and Charles S. Brennan. "Incorporation of mushroom powder into bread dough-effects on dough rheology and bread properties." Cereal Chemistry 95, no. 3 (March 15, 2018): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cche.10043.
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Tunçil, Yunus Emre, Mehtap Fevzioglu, Seda Arioglu-Tunçil, Gebisa Ejeta, Osvaldo H. Campanella, and Bruce R. Hamaker. "Transglutaminase Shows Better Functionality on High Digestible, High Lysine Sorghum-Wheat Composite Dough and Bread, Compared to Normal Sorghum-Wheat Composites." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 6 (June 25, 2019): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i6.877-882.2484.
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Highly digestible high-lysine (HDHL) sorghum-wheat composites have previously been shown to produce better composite dough and bread compared to normal sorghum-wheat composites. This study aimed to test whether improved HDHL lines can provide further enhanced functionality through the effects of transglutaminase (TG) enzyme to improve dough rheological properties. Sorghum-wheat composite doughs were made using HDHL and normal sorghum flours at substitution levels of 10, 20, and 30%, with and without 0.15% TG. Rheological properties of dough were tested using a mechanical spectrometer at 0.05% strain amplitude (within the linear viscoelastic region) over a 0.01- 50 rad/sec frequency range. A more elastic system was observed in HDHL sorghum-wheat composites above 10% substitution levels compared to normal sorghum-wheat composite dough. Addition of TG to HDHL sorghum-wheat composites resulted in a decrease in phase angle values at all substitution level, indicating that TG increased the dough elasticity. However, TG did not change viscoelastic properties of normal sorghum-wheat composites. Bread from HDHL sorghum-wheat composites had significantly higher (P
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Marie, Hrušková, and Švec Ivan. "Rheological Characteristics of Composite Flour with Linseed Fibre – Relationship to Bread Quality." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 35, No. 5 (October 23, 2017): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/450/2016-cjfs.
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Linseed fibre represents a rich natural source of dietary fibre. Here, we report that the addition of linseed fibre at levels of 2.5 and 5.0% changes the viscosity of wheat flour as well as the rheological properties of non-fermented and fermented dough. The differences recorded between fibre from golden and brown flax seeds (GF and BF, respectively) were not significant; BF caused a stronger increase in non-fermented dough elasticity. The addition of both variants reduced fermentation times and partially decreased dough volumes during the three phases of the fermentation process. The results of the baking test corresponded with the altered rheological parameters of dough. Based on principal component and cluster analyses, representative features for each rheological test were identified: amylograph maximum (amylograph test), the pasting temperature (RVA test), dough softening degree (farinograph test), extensigraph ratio (extensigraph test) were selected as the representative features. For the evaluation of fermented dough behaviour, wheat flour-linseed fibre composites could be differentiated according to fermentation time (fermentograph test) and dough volume (OTG test). Statistics also confirmed the appropriateness of the crumb firmness parameter for a detailed specification of bread quality.
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Marchylo, B. A., J. E. Dexter, F. R. Clarke, J. M. Clarke, and K. R. Preston. "Relationships among bread-making quality, gluten strength, physical dough properties, and pasta cooking quality for some Canadian durum wheat genotypes." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-133.
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Fifty-four durum wheat (Triticum durum) genotypes entered into the 1995, 1996 and 1997 Co-operative Tests were evaluated for gluten strength characteristics using the sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sedimentation test, the gluten index (GI) test, and physical dough tests including farinograph (high and low adsorption), mixograph, alveograph and extensigraph. Baking quality was evaluated for bread prepared by the Canadian short process (CSP), a short mechanical dough mixing process, and pasta quality was evaluated for spaghetti dried at both low (40°C) and high (70°C) temperatures. The effect of genotype on physical dough measurements, baking quality and spaghetti cooking quality was then determined. SDS sedimentation, GI, pasta dough farinograph (low absorption), bread dough farinograph (high absorption), extensigraph and alveograph measurements were interrelated. When baked by the CSP, the strongest genotypes exhibited mixing times and mixing energies similar to or greater than good quality bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Although loaf volume (LV) was positively correlated to gluten strength indicators, the strongest genotypes still exhibited only about 85% of the LV expected of good-quality bread wheat of comparable protein content. Baking quality however, was not related to pasta cooking quality, and, therefore, there is potential to breed for dual-purpose durum cultivars, which combine improved baking properties and good pasta cooking quality. Key words: Durum wheat, bread making quality, gluten strength, physical dough properties, pasta cooking quality
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A, Siddeeg. "Published Date the Production, Quality and Acceptability Characteristics of Steamed Bread Enhanced with Cowpea Powder in Comparison to the Classical Bread." Food Science & Nutrition Technology 4, no. 3 (May 16, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000179.
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This study was aimed to produce, access the quality and acceptability characteristics of steamed bread enhanced with cowpea powder and compared with the classical bread. Dough properties of wheat flour were determined using gluten and falling number parameters. The results of wet gluten and dry gluten were 32% and 22% respectively, while, the falling number of wheat flour was 441. The steamed bread was made supplemented with 0, 4, 6 and 8% cowpea flour to enhance the dough and nutritional characteristics and instead of that wheat flour which already used for steamed bread making. The proximate analysis of steamed bread was determined with the addition of cowpea 4%, 6% and 8%. The results of this study indicated that steamed bread was higher in protein (7.63-14.79%), fat (11.82-14.97%), ash content (1.50-1.98%), while was lower in carbohydrates content (38.92-41.45%) compared with the classical bread (69.38, 5.90, 1.67, 10.06 and 12.90%) for carbohydrates, fat, ash, protein and moisture contents, respectively. On the other hand, determination of minerals contents in the processed bread was reported. Sodium content was 38.0, 45.0, 47.0, and 48.0 mg/100g, while the potassium content was 33.0, 41.0, 42.0 and 43.0 mg/100g, for steamed bread processed with 0, 4, 6 and 8% cowpea, respectively, in comparison with the classical bread (30.51 and 28.90 mg/100g) for sodium and potassium, respectively. The sensory evaluation results, the panellists did not prefer steamed bread with 8% cowpea due to the brown colour, while the steam bread supplemented with 4 and 6% cowpea showed excellent attributes in comparison with other types of bread. Based on the results, it is recommended using extinsograph and farinograph to determine the rheological properties of fermented dough to investigate the optimum conditions of dough for making steamed bread.
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Coţovanu, Ionica, and Silvia Mironeasa. "An Evaluation of the Dough Rheology and Bread Quality of Replacement Wheat Flour with Different Quinoa Particle Sizes." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102271.
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A way to improve the nutritional value of refined wheat flour with enhanced dough rheology is by substituting wheat flour with quinoa flour (QF) at different addition levels and particle sizes (PS). Experimental variation prediction of the flour α-amylase activity, dough rheological properties, and bread characteristics were estimated using mathematical models. A decrease in the falling number index, water absorption, speed of protein weakening, gas retention coefficient in the dough, maximum creep-recovery compliance, and bread volume and firmness was achieved with the increase of PS. When the QF addition level rose, the values of the following parameters decreased: dough stability, starch retrogradation, dough extensibility and deformation energy, viscosity factor, maximum gelatinization temperature, creep-recovery compliance, and bread quality parameters. Dough rheological properties are important for showing the behavior during processing, which impacts the bread quality. For each quinoa flour PS has identified the optimal addition level in wheat flour for improving bread quality. The best composite flours, regarding dough rheology and bread characteristics, contain 9.13% for large, 10.57% for medium, and 10.25% for small PS. These results may help to improve the quality of refined wheat bread or to range diversify the bread making products.
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Agrahar-Murugkar, Dipika, and Preeti Dixit-Bajpai. "Physicochemical, textural, color, nutritional, scanning electron microscopy and sensorial characterization of calcium-rich breads fortified with sesame, malted finger millet, cumin and moringa leaves." Nutrition & Food Science 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-03-2019-0101.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of calcium-rich ingredients such as sesame, skimmed milk powder, moringa leaves, cumin seeds and finger millet on flour, dough and breads with the objective of developing bread with higher calcium content and to investigate whether it maintains quality traits that guarantee its acceptability by consumers by testing textural, scanning electron microscopy and nutritional and sensorial parameters. Design/methodology/approach Refined flour was fortified with skimmed milk powder (SMP), sesame, moringa leaves and cumin (T1), SMP, sesame and malted finger millet (T2) and SMP and sesame (T3). Refined flour dough and breads served as control (C). The physicochemical, textural, scanning electron microscopy, nutritional and sensory parameters of flour, dough and breads were evaluated. Findings Significantly (p < 0.01) higher stickiness values of dough were obtained by refined flour dough-C (50.3 N); refined flour dough fortified with SMP and sesame - T3 (42.2 N); Refined flour dough fortified with sesame, SMP and malted finger millet -T2 (38.4 N); and refined flour dough fortified with sesame, SMP, moringa leaves and cumin -T1 (33.5 N). Oven spring in breads was 1.4 in C and decreased significantly (p < 0.01) to T3-1.0, T1-0.9 and T2-0.8. Chewiness values of T3 (4.1) was similar to C bread, whereas T1 and T2 showed significantly (p < 0.01) lower values. Scanning electron microscopy images of bread microstructure showed fortification of bread resulted in intermittent but more prominent gluten structure in test breads than control. The highest calcium content was observed in T1 (268 mg/100 g), followed by T2 (231 mg/100 g) and T3 (211 mg/100 g). The incorporation of dried moringa leaves and cumin seeds enhanced the appearance, aroma, taste and flavor of T1. Research limitations/implications The study shows that texturally and sensorially acceptable nutritious breads can be produced through natural fortification. Nutrients from naturally fortified foods are better absorbed and assimilated by the body. Calcium-fortified breads, each with its own distinctive taste and texture, showed high values in the sensory evaluation test. Originality/value The incorporation of calcium and protein-rich ingredients such as SMP, moringa leaves, cumin, malted finger millet and sesame would yield calcium enriched breads superior to the commonly consumed plain refined wheat flour bread with respect to textural, nutritional, functional and sensory attributes and have high potential to alleviate calcium deficiency in vulnerable groups.
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Alsuhaibani, Amnah Mohammed, and Amal Hassan Alshawi. "Effect of the Addition of Different Levels of Chard on the Dough Properties and Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Pan Breads." Journal of Food Quality 2022 (March 14, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2678302.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Chard is a valuable vegetable and is considered a beneficial functional food. Fortification of bread with chard could increase the nutraceutical and functional food consumption. Objective. In this study, we performed a chemical analysis of chard and performed rheological analyses and sensory attribute evaluations of pan breads fortified with 5% and 10% chard powder. Design. The gross chemical composition of chard, some minerals, vitamin C, and total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were estimated. The rheological properties of doughs fortified with 5% and 10% chard powder and the chemical composition and sensory attributes of control, 5% chard and 10% chard pan bread samples were determined. Results. Chard contains carbohydrate, protein, and ash in addition to essential minerals and antioxidants such as vitamin C, phenols, and flavonoids. The chemical composition of 5% chard pan bread was significantly higher in ash and fiber, while the chemical composition of 10% chard pan bread was significantly higher in protein, ash, fiber, and moisture and significantly lower in fat, carbohydrate, and energy level than that of control pan breads. Compared with the control pan bread, the pan bread with increased chard powder content (10%) had significantly increased water absorption percentage, arrival time, dough development, elasticity, and proportional number ratio but significantly decreased stability time, softening degree, and extensibility. Pan bread fortified with 10% chard had the lowest specific volume among the tested breads. Sensory attribute evaluation further showed that increasing the amount of chard to 10% in the bread dough formulation produced lower overall acceptability scores. Conclusions. Pan bread containing 5% chard had better rheological scores and sensory attributes than the other formulations, in addition to good nutritional quality values.
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Hrušková, M., and D. Novotná. "Effect of ascorbic acid on the rheological properties of wheat fermented dough." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 21, No. 4 (November 18, 2011): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3490-cjfs.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of ascorbic acid on the rheological properties of wheat fermented dough from forty three wheat flour samples, represented two groups of flours, characterised (according to the ash content, protein content and Zeleny sedimentation value) the main Czech flour type has been studied. Standard analytical parameters (ash and protein contents, wet gluten, falling number, Zeleny sedimentation value), rheological investigation (maturograph, oven rise recorder), and laboratory baking test were used for the characterisation of flours and doughs. It was stated that the influence of the ascorbic acid addition on the fermented dough behaviour depends on the flour composition particularly in the proofing stage. Oven rise characteristics of dough and specific bread volume revealed smaller changes without significant differences between flours with lower (up to 0.6%) and higher (up to 0.7%) ash contents. An important correlation (r = 0.51–0.68) significant at 0.01 level has been found between specific bread volume and final rise of dough.