Academic literature on the topic 'Brazilian forest ecology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Brazilian forest ecology"
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Marcondes, Carlos Brisola, Luiz Gonzaga Santos-Neto, and Ana Leuch Lozovei. "Ecology of Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 34, no. 3 (June 2001): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822001000300005.
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The phlebotomine sandfly fauna of a primary forest reserve at Morretes (eastern Paraná State) was studied, using CDC-like light traps, one night per month, at canopy and ground level, between April 1995 and March 1996. A total of 3,106 insects were collected, identified as belonging to nine species. Lutzomyia ayrozai and Lu.geniculata were predominant, seven other species also being present. Monthly mean temperature, rainfall and the temperature of the collection night significantly influenced the numbers of Lu. ayrozai while the two first factors influenced the numbers of Lu. geniculata, besides the collected quantities of females of the two species. The influence of the factors on Lu. ayrozai numbers was more immediate than in those of Lu. geniculata. Numbers of both species and of the females of Lu. geniculata collected in different seasons, but not at the different heights, varied significantly. Differences between the behaviour of Lu. ayrozai in Morretes and in other regions could be attributed to environmental differences and/or to regional variations in the species, which could constitute species complexes. Hourly variations of collections were different in the species and seasons.
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LOPES, JENIFER DE CARVALHO, LUCAS VILELA, and DAVID M. JOHNSON. "Hornschuchia mellosilvae (Annonaceae) a new species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Phytotaxa 520, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.520.3.6.
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The Atlantic Forest is a biodiversity hotspot that includes different types of phytophysiognomies, mainly forests. Hornschuchia, Annonaceae, is one of its endemic genera. Eight Hornschuchia species are found in the tropical moist forest, three of them both occurring in tropical moist forest and tabuleiro forest, a semideciduous seasonal forest, one occurs in the coastal semideciduous seasonal forest and two inhabit the semideciduous seasonal forest and deciduous seasonal forest far from the coast in Bahia. Here we describe the twelfth species of Hornschuchia, which occurs in the Bahian semideciduous seasonal forest, and present a morphological description, illustration, distribution map and assessment of its conservation status.
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Ansolin, Roni Djeison, Ana Paula Donicht Fernandes, Marco Antônio Bento, Romano Timofeiczyk Junior, Vitor Afonso Hoeflich, and Samuel Alves da Silva. "DO FOREST CONCESSIONS BENEFIT EXTRACTIVIST COMMUNITIES? THE CASE OF THE JAMARI NATIONAL FOREST." FLORESTA 50, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i2.62742.
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The study aims to analyze the exploration potential of the main non-timber forest products in the Forest Management Unit number III by the communities around Jamari National Forest. Were used the açaí fruit and Brazilian nuts production data based on the sustainable management plan, as well the Brazilian nut crop production for 2015, 2016 and 2017 reported by traditional communities, "Américo Ventura" and "Linhas 113-119". The data were analyzed and interpreted using economic indicators. As the main results, the productive potential amount of açaí fruit and Brazilian nuts available for harvest in each annual crop is 426,86 tons and 124,13 tons, respectively, providing an estimate of annual income of R$ 79.794,64 and R$ 195.134,63, respectively. For Brazilian nuts, the annually demand raised by the community was approximately 8 tons, from 2015 to 2017. The amount harvested represents 44.77% of the productive capacity of the three units. In addition, the cost-benefit ratio indicates that for each Brazilian Real invested in production the producer receives, on average, R$ 5,72. The Brazilian nut extraction shows to be an interesting activity in terms of production and economic value in both communities, presenting a net annual gain of R$ 1.812,108 per collector, for a total group of 50 extractivists residing in the communities “Américo Ventura” and “Linhas 113-119”, between 2015 to 2017. Thus, it is concluded that there is a great potential for exploration of these products in partnership with the concession forest, contributing to the sustainable development of extractivist communities.
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Batista, Anderson, Paula Gomides Vitor Scolforo, Henrique Ferraço Scolforo, José Marcio de Mello, Marcelino Guedes, and José Roberto Soares Scolforo. "Modeling Tree Diameter Growth of Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. in the Brazilian Amazon." Forests 11, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121309.
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Modeling the growth of Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (B. excelsa) trees in natural forests is important for understanding the species’ ecology and for better defining site-specific management. In this sense, this study aimed to model the diameter growth rate of B. excelsa trees in contrasting forest environments in the Brazilian Amazon. This study was conducted in the Extractive Reserve Rio Cajari (RESEX Cajari). Growth models were fitted at species level to predict diameter growth rate in the two Amazonian forest environments. Subsequently, the age at which the B. excelsa tree in each forest environment reaches the minimum diameter for seed production was calculated by integrating the growth models. In each forest environment, the negative exponential behavior of the diametric growth rate of the tree species was fitted by an appropriate model. The time required for B. excelsa trees to reach the minimum diameter was shorter in the secondary forest environment when compared with that of the old growth terra firme forest (47 and 78 years to reach the diameter of 25 cm in the secondary and old growth terra firme forest, respectively). While the average growth pattern indicated higher diameter growth rates of B. excelsa in the secondary forest environment, the high level of uncertainty in the model’s estimation makes this inference complex. In conclusion, the secondary forest seems a favorable forest environment for the growth of B. excelsa trees, which may be an indicator of the potential for secondary forest environments to produce B. excelsa seeds in the future.
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de Toledo Castanho, Camila, and Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira. "Relative effect of litter quality, forest type and their interaction on leaf decomposition in south-east Brazilian forests." Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, no. 2 (March 2008): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467407004749.
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Abstract:Decomposition was studied in a reciprocal litter transplant experiment to examine the effects of forest type, litter quality and their interaction on leaf decomposition in four tropical forests in south-east Brazil. Litterbags were used to measure decomposition of leaves of one tree species from each forest type:Calophyllum brasiliensefrom restinga forest;Guapira oppositafrom Atlantic forest;Esenbeckia leiocarpafrom semi-deciduous forest; andCopaifera langsdorffiifrom cerradão. Decomposition rates in rain forests (Atlantic and restinga) were twice as fast as those in seasonal forests (semi-deciduous and cerradão), suggesting that intensity and distribution of precipitation are important predictors of decomposition rates at regional scales. Decomposition rates varied by species, in the following order:E. leiocarpa>C. langsdorffii>G. opposita>C. brasiliense. However, there was no correlation between decomposition rates and chemical litter quality parameters: C:N, C:P, lignin concentration and lignin:N. The interaction between forest type and litter quality was positive mainly becauseC. langsdorffiidecomposed faster than expected in its native forest. This is a potential indication of a decomposer's adaptation to specific substrates in a tropical forest. These findings suggest that besides climate, interactions between decomposers and plants might play an essential role in decomposition processes and it must be better understood.
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Bernardi, Alison Paulo, Miguel Busarello Lauterjung, Tiago Montagna, Rafael Candido-Ribeiro, Marcia Patricia Hoeltgebaum, Adelar Mantovani, and Maurício Sedrez dos Reis. "Population dynamics of Podocarpus lambertii in southern Brazilian forest–grassland mosaics." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 8 (August 2019): 884–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0531.
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The grasslands conversion to forests is occurring globally and modifying the population dynamics of species. Here, we characterized the population dynamics of Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsch ex Endl. over four years in southern Brazilian forest–grassland mosaics. We asked (i) if the studied P. lambertii population would decrease or increase over time and (ii) what the role of forest patches is in the growth and recruitment of a P. lambertii population. Thus, we studied forest–grassland mosaics, stratified the population into four demographic classes, evaluated the population dynamics, and estimated the correlation between canopy cover and average number of individuals. All individuals of P. Lambertii occurred in forest patches. Density was high but decreased from seedlings to the reproductive stage. The population growth rate was λ = 1.025, and the recruitment of individuals was high and variable among years. The transition and mortality rates showed a pattern of reduction from seedlings to the reproductive stage. Mortality rate for seedlings and juveniles was low and concentrated at the smaller heights. The correlations between canopy cover and the average number of individuals were positive and significant. The ecological characteristics of this species and specific conditions provided by forest patches allow population growth and species conservation in the southern Brazilian forest–grassland mosaics.
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Oliveira, Laio Zimermann, and Alexander Christian Vibrans. "An approach to illustrate the naturalness of the Brazilian Araucaria forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 1 (January 2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0239.
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The concept of “naturalness” can be associated with conservation status, resilience, and biodiversity. Its most common definition relates to the degree to which a resource is similar to its original state. Hence, we developed a naturalness assessment method for the Brazilian Araucaria forest. We used data collected within 145 systematically distributed plots over an area of ∼56 000 km2. We selected five indicators to compose a unified naturalness index: (i) evidence of human activities inside the forest stand; (ii) abundance of naturalness-indicator species; (iii) standard deviation of diameter at breast height (Sdbh); (iv) species diversity of the understory–natural regeneration layer; and (v) forest stand landscape metrics. We then calculated the Euclidean distance between the vector generated from the indicators of an ordinary forest stand and the vector generated from a theoretical reference forest (TRF) with maximum naturalness. The reduced Sdbh reflected the stands’ diminished structural diversity as result of historical logging and other ongoing human activities. Most stands presented average naturalness compared with the TRF. Besides the lack of data on undisturbed forests to thoroughly evaluate the naturalness index, evidence suggested that it summarized relevant forest attributes to the extent that protected areas presented greater naturalness than nonprotected areas.
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de Miranda, Evaristo Eduardo, and Cristina Mattos. "Brazilian rain forest colonization and biodiversity." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 40, no. 1-4 (May 1992): 275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(92)90098-v.
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CAMELO, MEL C., MARCUS A. N. COELHO, and LÍVIA G. TEMPONI. "Anthurium narae—A new species of Araceae from a small forest fragment in southeastern Brazil." Phytotaxa 351, no. 1 (May 29, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.351.1.7.
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Anthurium narae is described from the state of Minas Gerais, in southeastern Brazil. It occurs in a small forest fragment of semideciduous seasonal montane forest, a component of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Descriptions, illustrations, photographs and comparison with other similar species of Anthurium sect. Urospadix are provided together with comments about geographical distribution, ecology, phenology, and conservation status.
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Martinelli, Luiz A., Sílvia R. M. Lins, and Jéssica C. dos Santos-Silva. "Fine litterfall in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Biotropica 49, no. 4 (May 23, 2017): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12448.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Brazilian forest ecology"
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Felfili, Jeanine Maria. "Structure and dynamics of a gallery forest in central Brazil." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334840.
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Mendes, Pontes Antonio Rossano. "Ecology of a mamal community in a seasonally-dry forest in Roraima, Brazilian Amazonia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621581.
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Shanley, Patricia. "As the forest falls : the changing use, ecology and value of non-timber forest resources for Caboclo communities in eastern Amazonia." Thesis, University of Kent, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311285.
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Baldauf, Cristina 1978. "Ecology, conservation and sustainable management of Janaguba (Himatanthus drasticus; Apocynaceae) in the Brazilian savanna = Ecologia, conservação e manejo de Janaguba (Himatanthus drasticus; Apocynaceae) no cerrado brasileiro." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315020.
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Orientadores: Flavio Antonio Maës dos Santos, Anete Pereira de SouzaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Doutora em Biologia Vegetal
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Laps, Rudi Ricardo. "Efeito da fragmentação e alteração do habitat na avifauna da região da Reserva Biologica de Una, Bahia." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315763.
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Orientadores: Andre Victor Lucci Freitas, Keith Spalding Brown JuniorTese (doutorado) Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A Floresta Atlântica é um dos ecossistemas mais ameaçados no mundo e as unidades de conservação são importantes para manutenção da biodiversidade nesta paisagem altamente fragmentada. A avifauna da Floresta Atlântica do sul da Bahia é rica, com muitos endemismos e espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Nós investigamos a composição da avifauna da RBU e áreas adjacentes com o objetivo de medir a importância dessa UC para a proteção das espécies, assim como a resposta da comunidade aos diferentes hábitats (cabrucas, capoeiras e fragmentos florestais). Nós comparamos os resultados obtidos para aves, morcegos, lagartos, anuros e samambaias dentro dessa matriz predominatemente florestal com uma segunda área com paisagem oposta (fragmentos florestais imersos em matriz de cabrucas). Resultados: Nós encontramos 333 espécies de aves, incluindo 17 ameaçadas. A escassez de aves cinegéticas indica que a pressão de caça é alta na região. As cabrucas (plantações de cacau sob floresta raleada) exibem riqueza e abundância de aves maior que os demais hábitats investigados, com a presença de espécies generalistas invasoras. Frugívoros e insetívoros de copas foram abundantes e ricos nas cabrucas. Entretanto, insetívoros e frugívoros de sub-bosque são sensíveis à simplificação do hábitat deste sistema agroflorestal e muitas espécies desapareceram. O efeito de borda agiu significantemente para algumas espécies, com insetívoros generalistas aumentando sua riqueza e abundância, porém com alguns insetívoros e frugívoros de sub-bosque diminuindo próximo às bordas. Algumas espécies podem ser indicadores de florestas, já que ocorrem somente em interior de fragmentos. O amplo consenso sobre a importância de plantações sombreadas (cabrucas) para a conservação da biodiversidade deve ser tomado com cautela, porque algumas espécies evitam esse hábitat, mas as florestas secundárias (capoeiras) podem ser importantes para conectar fragmentos em uma paisagem. Uma comparação de pequenos fragmentos e cabrucas em duas paisagens contrastantes mostrou que a conversão de florestas em cabrucas impactaram diferentemente o padrão de dominância de espécies e guildas de aves e morcegos, porém as assembléias nas cabrucas geralmente refletem aquelas observadas em florestas próximas. A riqueza e composição de espécies foram diferentes nas paisagens analisadas, e ambos hábitats (florestas e cabrucas) de Uruçuca/Ilhéus mostraram perda de espécies florestais comparados com os mesmos hábitats em Una. Nosso estudo mostra que, apesar das cabrucas serem matrizes permeáveis para muitas espécies, elas não são substitutas das florestas. Há diferenças pronunciadas entre as duas paisagens com respeito à habilidade das cabrucas manterem a riqueza de espécies. Independente do grupo biológico considerado, uma representatividade maior de floresta nativa na paisagem influencia positivamente a riqueza de espécies encontradas nas cabrucas. O contexto da paisagem também influencia a variabilidade espacial da composição de espécies para alguns grupos biológicos, reforçando a importância e a vulnerabilidade de pequenas manchas florestais remanescentes em paisagens dominadas por cabrucas. Estes resultados apontam a necessidade de preservar áreas de hábitat primário mesmo em paisagens onde as práticas de uso da terra são geralmente favoráveis à conservação da biodiversidade
Abstract: The Brazilian Atlantic forest is one of more threatened ecosystems in the world, and the conservation units are very important in maintenance of biodiversity in a landscape highly fragmented. The avifauna of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia State is very rich, with many endemisms and threatened species. We explore the composition of avifauna of UBR and adjacent areas, and investigated the bird communities in different habitats nearby UBR with aim to measure its importance for species protection. We compare these results obtained by birds, bats, lizards, frogs and ferns in a forested matrix with a second area with opposite landscape (forest fragments in a cabruca matrix). Results: We found 333 species, including 17 species threatened. The paucity of game birds, like cracids an tinamous, indicate that the hunt pressure is high in the region. The shaded cocoa plantation exhibited greater richness and abundance of birds, with the presence of generalist species that invaded this habitat. Canopy insectivores and frugivores were highly profuse in cocoa plantations. However, understory insectivores and frugivores are sensible to habitat simplification of this agroforest system, and many species vanished. Edge effect was significant for some species, with generalist insectivores showing increase in richness and abundance, but some understory insectivores and frugivores decrease near edges. Some species can be used as forest indicators, since it occurred only in interior of fragments. The widely consensus about the importance of shaded plantations for conservation of biodiversity must take in caution, because some species avoid this habitat, but the early secondary forest can be important to connect fragments in this highly patchy landscape. A comparison of small fragments and cabrucas from contrastant landscapes showed that the conversion of forest to cabrucas impacted the dominance pattern of species and guilds differently regarding birds and bats, but species assemblages in cabrucas generally reflect those observed in nearby forests. Species richness and composition were different in these landscapes, and both habitats from Uruçuca showed losses of forest-dwelling species compared with those habitats from Una. Our study has shown that, although cabrucas can be permeable matrices for many species from the local biota, they are not forest surrogates. There were pronounced differences between the two landscapes with regard to the ability of cabrucas to maintain species richness. Irrespective of the biological group considered, a greater representation of native forest in the landscape positively influences the species richness reported in cabrucas. Landscape context also influenced the spatial variability of species composition for some biological groups, stressing the importance, and the vulnerability of the small forest patches remaining in landscapes dominated by shade plantations. These results point to the need to preserve sufficient areas of primary habitat even in landscapes where land use practices are generally favorable to the conservation of biodiversity
Doutorado
Ecologia de Comunidades
Doutor em Ecologia
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Bechara, Fernando Campanhã. "Unidades demonstrativas de restauração ecológica através de técnicas nucleadoras: Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Cerrado e Restinga." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-22082006-145733/.
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Refazer ecossistemas de forma artificial representa um desafio de iniciar um processo de sucessão o mais semelhante possível aos processos naturais. A recuperação ambiental tem se baseado no modelo da silvicultura tradicional, plantandose árvores sob espaçamento 3 x 2 m, em área total, com altos insumos de implantação/manutenção, e gerando-se bosques desenvolvidos em altura, porém com baixa diversidade de formas de vida e regeneração. Técnicas nucleadoras de restauração formam microhabitats em núcleos propícios para a chegada de uma série de espécies de todas as formas de vida, que num processo de aceleração sucessional, irradiam diversidade por toda a área. As técnicas foram implantadas em áreas piloto de um hectare, denominadas Unidades Demonstrativas (UDs). As UDs foram montadas em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (Capão Bonito-SP), Cerrado (Santa Rita do Passa Quatro-SP) e Restinga (Florianópolis-SC). Na primeira UD, com um ano de idade, as técnicas nucleadoras introduziram 1.603 mudas de 148 espécies nativas, dentre 84 espécies arbóreas (883 mudas), 12 arbustivas (124 mudas), 30 herbáceas (242 mudas), 20 trepadeiras (260 mudas) e 2 bromeliáceas (3 mudas), além de 94 mudas de hábito indeterminado. Entre as espécies, ocorreram 69 zoocóricas, 32 autocóricas e 29 anemocóricas, além de 21 plantas indeterminadas. Desconsiderando-se as 47 espécies arbóreas implantadas por mudas, houve introdução de: 25% de arbóreas, 8% de arbustos, 20% de ervas, 14% de lianas e 1% de bromeliáceas. Na UD de Cerrado, apesar de impactada por gado, aos dois anos de idade, foram introduzidos 354 indivíduos de 31 espécies nativas. Destas, 39% foram espécies arbóreas, 13% arbustivas, 16% herbáceas, 16% lianas e 16% indeterminadas. Foram registradas 35% de espécies zoocóricas, 29% de anemocóricas, 19% de autocóricas e 16% de plantas com síndrome indeterminada. Na UD de Restinga, foram detectadas, aos dois anos e meio de idade, 180 espécies de 108 gêneros e 55 famílias. As técnicas nucleadoras resultaram num custo experimental estimado em torno de 34% mais barato em relação ao modelo tradicional que varia em torno de R$ 5.500,00 reais/ha. O uso da nucleação aumentou nitidamente a eficiência da restauração ecológica. Foi restituída a diversidade, não só em seu aspecto estrutural, mas considerando-se também os diferentes nichos, formas e funções, formando um mosaico de ambientes e permitindo uma maior dinâmica das comunidades. No atual estágio de conhecimento, é importante a definição de qual paradigma almejamos para a restauração de nossas florestas: cultivar plantações de árvores nativas ou permitir e acelerar a sucessão natural? O novo paradigma das técnicas nucleadoras, ao contrário dos modelos tradicionais de recuperação que apenas satisfazem exigências legais, promovem a restituição de produtores, consumidores e decompositores, gerando a conservação efetiva dos ecossistemas, e assumindo, desta forma, um compromisso ético com as futuras gerações.To remake ecosystems of artificial form represents a challenge to initiate a process of the possible most similar succession to the natural processes. The environmental recuperation has based on the model of traditional forestry, standing trees under 3 x 2 m spacing, in total area, with high implantation/ maintenance inputs, and generating forests developed in height, however with low diversity of forms of life and regeneration. Restoration nucleation techniques form microhabitats in nuclei propitious for the arrival of a series of species of all the life forms that in a process of sucessional acceleration, radiate diversity for all the area. The techniques had been implanted in pilot areas of one hectare, called "Demonstrative Units" (UDs). The UDs had been mounted in seasonal semidecidual forest (Capão Bonito-SP), Brazilian savanna (Santa Rita do Passa Quatro-SP) and coastal plain vegetation (Florianópolis-SC). In the first UD, with one year of age, the nucleation techniques had introduced 1,603 seedlings of 148 native species, amongst 84 arboreal species (883 seedlings), 12 shrubs (124 seedlings), 30 herbaceous ones (242 seedlings), 20 lianas (260 seedlings) and 2 bromelias (3 seedlings), in addition to 94 seedlings of indeterminate habit. Among the species, 69 zoochore, 32 autochore and 29 anemochore had occurred, plus 21 indetermined plants. Disrespecting the 47 arboreal species implanted by traditional seedlings, there was introduction of: 25% of arboreal, 8% of shrubs, 20% of herbaceous, 14% of lianas and 1% of bromelias. In Brazilian savanna UD, although affected by cattle when two years of age, 354 individuals of 31 native species had been introduced. Of these, 39% had been arboreal species, 13% shrubs, 16% herbaceous, 16% lianas and 16% indetermined. There had been registered 35% of zoochore species, 29% of anemochore, 19% of autochore and 16% of plants with indetermined syndrome. In coastal plain vegetation UD, in two years and half of age, 180 species of 108 genus and 55 families had been detected. The nucleating techniques had resulted cheaper in an esteemed experimental cost around 34% in relation to the traditional model that varies around R$ 5,500.00 reais/ha. The use of the nucleation clearly increased the efficiency of the ecological restoration. The diversity not only restituted its structural aspect, but also the different niches, forms and functions, forming an environment mosaic and allowing a dynamic growth of the communities. In the current period of knowledge, is important the definition of which paradigm we wish for the restoration of our forests: to cultivate plantations of native trees or to allow and to speed up the natural succession? The new paradigm of the nucleation techniques, in contrast to the traditional models of recovery that only satisfy legal requirements, replenishes the producers, consumers and decompositors, promoting the conservation of the ecosystems, and adopting an ethical commitment with the future generations.
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Lui, Gabriel Henrique. "Ocupação humana e transformação da paisagem na Amazônia brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-25112008-102846/.
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Poucos ambientes terrestres deixaram de sofrer algum nível de interferência humana. As populações pré-históricas tiveram um papel importante na formação de determinadas paisagens e, como conseqüência, suas ações contribuíram para as características das paisagens atuais. Na Amazônia, tais transformações antropogênicas são inferidas por indícios de: (1) queimadas; (2) assentamentos; (3) ilhas de florestas manejadas; (4) diques em formatos geométricos; (5) terra preta; (6) campos elevados; (7) redes de transporte e comunicação; (8) estruturas para manejo da água e da pesca; entre outros. A partir da colonização européia no século XVI, a ocupação humana na região começou a receber novas influências. As relações com os recursos naturais estabelecidas pelas populações pré-colombianas foram muito pouco consideradas. A introdução de novas ferramentas e o choque cultural provocado pelos colonizadores alterou o nível de mobilização da energia do meio para as atividades produtivas humanas, ocasionando mudanças nos modos de vida das populações. A partir de meados do século XX, a implantação dos programas institucionais de colonização deu origem a uma nova motivação para a transformação das paisagens, pela qual a extração dos produtos florestais passou a ser uma atividade secundária, para dar lugar a uma lógica de supressão da floresta para introdução de novos elementos, que seriam produzidos para atender a um contexto externo. Além disso, o espaço passou a ser delimitado em propriedades privadas, que só seriam reconhecidas em função da supressão da floresta para dar início às atividades produtivas. Dessa forma, houve um crescimento exponencial na escala espaço-temporal das transformações das paisagens. Por meio da complementação e do confronto das perspectivas evolutivas, históricas e sociais, o presente trabalho se propôs a caracterizar as diferentes dinâmicas de ocupação nas paisagens amazônicas. O período estudado abrange desde a chegada do ser humano até os dias de hoje, buscando entender como o desenvolvimento da organização social e das tecnologias foi capaz de modificar as paisagens no passado e como o faz atualmente. Os dados foram analisados em função de um seqüenciamento temporal. Três dinâmicas de ocupação distintas foram caracterizadas e nomeadas em função dos diferentes níveis de transformação da paisagem, ao longo dos contextos históricos do período de estudo: Dinâmica da Diversificação (9000 a.C. e 1600 d.C.); Dinâmica da Simplificação (1600 d.C. e 1960 d.C.) e Dinâmica da Supressão (a partir de 1960 d.C.). Como uma das conclusões, assumiu-se que o conceito de paisagem depende da existência de dois elementos: natureza e humanidade. Enquanto esses dois elementos coexistirem, a paisagem sempre estará presente, independente de suas qualidades. Dessa forma, nos 11000 anos de convivência entre a humanidade e a floresta amazônica, não foi a sustentabilidade da paisagem que foi ameaçada e sim a sustentabilidade das próprias sociedades que dependem dela. Esse complexo cenário ecológico, social e econômico ao qual a Amazônia está atualmente submetida, tem como principal característica a presença de 85% das áreas ainda em bom estado de conservação. Tal proporção confere ao Brasil a responsabilidade de desenvolver novas técnicas de gestão ambiental que considerem as especificidades regionais, combinando o desenvolvimento econômico do país com a conservação da mais importante floresta tropical do mundo.In this planet, very few environments are free from anthropogenic disturb. The prehistoric populations used to play significant roles for the formation of some kind of landscapes; the consequences of their actions contributed to the present landscape characteristics. At the Amazon, these transformations are inferred from anthropogenic vestiges, such as: (1) burned areas in the forest; (2) human settlements; (3) managed forest islands; (4) geometrical ditches; (5) dark soils; (6) raised fields; (7) transportation and communication networks; (8) water and fish management structures; among others. The established ways of natural resources uses by pre- Columbian population were looked to down since European colonization in the sixteenth century. The introduction of new tools and cultural shock given by European settlers changed the level of energy necessary to human productive activities, changing the population ways of life. From the middle of the twentieth century, the diffusion of institutional settlement programs led to new motivations for landscape transformation, through which the extraction of forest products has become secondary activity, and give rise to a logic of forest suppression and introduction of new production lines to external context. Furthermore, the land was delimited as private properties, which would only be recognized after forest removal in order to start productive activities. Therefore, there was an exponential growth in space-time scale of landscape transformations. Through complementation and interface among evolutionary, historical and social perspectives, this work has proposed to characterize the different settlement dynamics in the Amazon landscapes, since the arrival of human beings up to now, in order to understand how the development of social organization and technologies was able to change the landscapes in the past, and how they do it today. The data were analyzed as a temporal sequencing. Three distinct settlement dynamics were characterized and nominated considering different levels of landscape transformation, along the historical contexts of the studied periods in this work: (1) Dynamic of Diversification (9000 BC to 1600 AD); (2) Dynamic of Simplification (1600 AD to 1960 AD); and (3) Dynamic of Suppression (from 1960 AD on). A conclusion was assumed that landscape concept depends on the existence of two elements: nature and mankind. While these two elements coexist, the landscape will always be present, despite their characteristics. Thus, in 11000 years of coexistence between mankind and Amazon forest it was not threatened the landscape sustainability, but the sustainability of the societies themselves. This complex ecological, social and economical situation which Amazon is currently undergoing has as main characteristic the presence of 85% of this area in good conservation conditions. Such ratio gives to Brazil the responsibility to develop new environmental management techniques that consider the regional specificities, matching sustained economic development of the nation and conservation of the most important tropical forest of the world.
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Negreiros, Gustavo Hees de. "Understanding and modeling ecological processes controlling flammability in seasonally dry evergreen forests of the Brazillian Amazon /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5528.
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Costa, Gr?nivel Mota da. "Ecologia da vegeta??o de caatingas em diferentes substratos, Bahia, Brasil." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/284.
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The caatinga vegetation of northeastern Brazil mainly occurs in Pre-Cambrian-crystalline-derived soils and sedimentary-basin-derived sandy soils. Recent evidence has shown variations in the dynamics, structure and floristic composition of the caatinga, which justifies the need for studies focusing on different substrates. A floristic study of the caatinga ecoregions Depress?o Sertaneja Meridional and Raso da Catarina in the municipality of Tucano, Bahia, Brazil, is of special interest because both substrates occur in a local scale, letting the opportunity to broaden our knowledge on ecological heterogeneity within the Caatinga biome. In the current study we carried out a floristic survey of 14 sites distributed throughout the ecoregions of caatinga in Tucano. We found high species diversity in the caatingas of Tucano when compared to other areas in northeastern Brazil. A total of 451 species, 288 genera, and 82 families were collected. The most species rich families are Leguminosae and Euphorbiaceae. There occur 226 species in the sites on crystalline basement, whereas 284 species were collected in the sandy areas. The ecoregions were only 13% similar in floristic composition. We found strong differences between the ecoregions with respect to floristic composition and predominant plant habit as proxy for phytophysiognomy. Overall, our results reinforce the hypothesis of two distinct biotas that assembly the caatinga dry woodlands.
A vegeta??o de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro ocorre principalmente sobre solos derivados de rochas cristalinas pr?-cambrianas e sobre cobertura arenosa de bacias sedimentares. Evid?ncias recentes t?m demonstrado varia??es na din?mica, estrutura e composi??o flor?stica da caatinga, o que fundamenta a necessidade de estudos com enfoque nos diferentes substratos. O presente estudo flor?stico das ecorregi?es de caatinga, Depress?o Sertaneja Meridional e Raso da Catarina, no munic?pio de Tucano, Bahia, ? de especial interesse porque h? esses dois substratos em escala geogr?fica local, permitindo ampliar o conhecimento sobre a heterogeneidade do Dom?nio da Caatinga. Neste trabalho ? apresentado um invent?rio flor?stico de 14 localidades nas duas ecorregi?es de caatinga. Em conjunto, as caatingas amostradas apresentaram uma alta riqueza flor?stica em compara??o com outras ?reas no nordeste do Brasil. Foram coletadas 451 esp?cies, 288 g?neros e 82 fam?lias. A maior riqueza em esp?cies foi das Leguminosae, seguida por Euphorbiaceae. Nas localidades sobre substrato derivado do embasamento cristalino ocorreram 226 esp?cies, enquanto nas de substrato arenoso ocorreram 284 esp?cies. A propor??o de esp?cies em comum nas duas ecorregi?es foi apenas 13%. Diferen?as em composi??o flor?stica refor?am a hip?tese de duas biotas distintas associadas aos dois principais tipos de substrato, que comp?em a vegeta??o da caatinga.
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Pereira, Lucas Gabriel do Amaral. "Mudanças não-lineares na abundância de guildas tróficas e na composição de espécies de morcegos com a distância ao riacho determinam a largura da zona ripária para morcegos." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2015. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5306.
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FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
The width of riparian zones and its conservation has been topic of discussion in political and scientific circles. The Brazilian Forest Code (BFC), which regulates creation of Permanent Protection Areas (PPA) prescribes protection of riparian vegetation up to 30 m on both stream sides. Studies conducted in Central Amazon showed that this width is not efficient in maintaining plant and animal biodiversity and ecosystem processes associated to them. We investigated the influence of distance to the stream on bat guild and species abundance, number and composition. We hypothesize that bat assemblage changes with distance to the stream. We believe that this change occurs at species composition level with increasing abundance, mainly of frugivorous and nectarivorous bats in areas close to streams. Bats were captured with mist-nets in 24 riparian plots and 25 non-riparian plots within a trail grid in a primary terra-firme forest at northeast of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. Each plot was sampled thrice in 7056 net-hours. A total of 1.138 bats were captured, composing 51 species, five families and five trophic guilds. We used model selection by AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) in linear and piecewise regressions to estimate existence of ecological threshold for bat assemblage. For animalivorous and nectarivorous bat abundance, quantitative and qualitative species composition and guild composition, piecewise models with one breakpoint were more parsimonious and had greater Akaike weights than linear models. Animalivorous bat abundance was higher close to the stream up to 181 m and frugivorous bat abundance decreased up to 50 m of distance to the stream. The change on animalivorous bat abundance suggests that feeding areas away from streams may provide enough food to maintain more individuals of that guild and the opposite of that may occur for frugivorous bat abundance. The width of riparian zone recognized by bat species was up to 114 m of distance to the stream and was given by qualitative composition model. Given this width, requirements of 30 m for forest protection in riparian PPAs with streams of up to 10 m do not incorporate composition of bat species in riparian areas. Clearing of vegetation after 30 m allowed by law reduces 380% of riparian forest habitat that is necessary for conservation of bat assemblage in riparian zones. Ecological thresholds obtained from studies in primary forests at community level, combined with landscape descriptors suitable to animal and plant species ecology should be an effective strategy to predict width of riparian habitats necessary for biodiversity preservation.
A largura das zonas ripárias e sua conservação tem sido assunto de discussões no meio científico e político. O Código Florestal Brasileiro (CFB), que regulamenta a criação de Áreas de Proteção Permanente, determina a proteção de até 30 m de vegetação ripária em ambos os lados de pequenos riachos. Estudos realizados na Amazônia Central verificaram que esta largura não é eficiente em preservar a biodiversidade de alguns grupos animais e vegetais e processos ecossistêmicos associados a eles. Nós investigamos a influência da distância ao riacho sobre a abundância, número e composição de espécies e guildas tróficas de morcegos. A nossa hipótese é que a assembleia de morcegos muda com a distância ao riacho. Nós acreditamos que essa mudança se dê no nível de composição de espécies com o aumento da abundância, principalmente dos morcegos frugívoros e nectarívoros, nas áreas próximas aos riachos. Morcegos foram capturados com redes de neblina em 24 parcelas ripárias e 25 parcelas não-ripárias inseridas em uma grade de trilhas em uma floresta primária de terra firme a nordeste de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Cada parcela foi amostrada três vezes, totalizando 7.056 horas-rede. Ao total foram capturados 1.138 morcegos, distribuídos em cinco famílias e 51 espécies, compondo cinco guildas tróficas. Utilizamos seleção de modelos por AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) nas regressões lineares e piecewise para estimar a existência de um limiar ecológico para a assembleia de morcegos. Para abundância de animalívoros e frugívoros, composição quantitativa e qualitativa de espécies e composição de guildas tróficas os modelos piecewise com um ponto de quebra foram mais parcimoniosos e tiveram maior peso do que os modelos lineares. A abundância dos morcegos animalívoros foi maior na região próxima ao riacho até 181 m e a abundância de morcegos frugívoros diminuiu até 50 m. Essa mudança na abundância de animalívoros sugere que áreas de forrageio mais afastadas do riacho devem fornecer alimento suficiente para manter maior número de indivíduos dessa guilda trófica e o inverso deve acontecer para os frugívoros. A largura da zona ripária reconhecida pelas espécies de morcegos foi de 114 m de distância ao riacho e foi dada pelo modelo de composição qualitativa. Considerando essa largura, as prescrições do CFB para proteção de 30 m de floresta em APP’s ripárias com riachos de até 10 m não incorporam a composição das espécies de morcegos de áreas ripárias. O desmatamento da vegetação depois de 30 m permitido pela legislação reduz 380% do habitat de floresta ripária necessário para a manutenção da assembleia de morcegos em zonas ripárias. Limiares ecológicos obtidos de estudos de comunidades em florestas primárias, combinados com descritores da paisagem apropriados à ecologia de espécies vegetais e animais devem constituir uma estratégia eficiente para prever a largura de habitats ripários necessária à preservação da biodiversidade.
Books on the topic "Brazilian forest ecology"
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Siy, Alexandra. The Brazilian rain forest. New York: Dillon Press, 1992.
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Watkins, Joanne. Forest destruction and sustainable agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon: A literature review. Reading: University of Reading, Department of Geography, 2000.
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Watkins, Joanne. Forest destruction and sustainable agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon: A literature review. [Reading, England]: Dept. of Geography, University of Reading, 2000.
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Human carrying capacity of the Brazilian rainforest. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.
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With broadax and firebrand: The destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
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Forests in international environmental politics: International organisations, NGOs and the Brazilian Amazon. Utrecht, Netherlands: International Books, 1996.
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Barbosa, Luiz C. The Brazilian Amazon rainforest: Global ecopolitics, development, and democracy. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2000.
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Lima, Roberto Xavier de. Corredores ecológicos: Experiências em planejamento e implementação. Brasília: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Programa Piloto para a Conservação das Florestas Tropicais do Brasil, 2007.
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Mark, Harris, Murrieta Rui, Neves Walter A, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Amazon Peasant Societies in a Changing Environment: Political Ecology, Invisibility and Modernity in the Rainforest. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.
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Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens. Out of the Amazon: photographs of the Brazillian Rainforest. London: HMSO, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Brazilian forest ecology"
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Hoefle, Scott William. "Ghosts in the Forest: The Moral Ecology of Environmental Governance Toward Poor Farmers in the Brazilian and US Atlantic Forests." In Moral Ecologies, 99–125. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06112-8_5.
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DE ARAUJO LIMA CONSTANTINO, PEDRO. "Challenges of Forest Citizen Involvement in Biodiversity Monitoring in Protected Areas of Brazilian Amazonia." In Handbook of Citizen Science in Ecology and Conservation, 237–48. University of California Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz0h8fz.23.
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"16. Howler Monkeys in an Urban Brazilian Forest: Ecology and Daily Feeding Patterns." In Biodiversity in Agricultural Landscapes of Southeastern Brazil, 269–92. De Gruyter Open Poland, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110480849-018.
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"SEVENTEEN. Challenges of Forest Citizen Involvement in Biodiversity Monitoring in Protected Areas of Brazilian Amazonia." In Handbook of Citizen Science in Ecology and Conservation, 237–48. University of California Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520960473-021.
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Parker, R., J. Garcia, M. Muñoz-Laboy, L. Murray, and F. Seffner. "Community Mobilization as an HIV Prevention Strategy." In Structural Interventions for HIV Prevention, 285–310. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675486.003.0011.
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This chapter documents the ways in which the Brazilian focus on community mobilization and empowerment has succeeded in implementing timely and effective HIV prevention programs in key affected communities such as sex workers and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Further, the chapter analyzes the ways in which this strategy made it possible to address many of the structural drivers of HIV in these communities. Of great importance, however, it also highlights the extent to which addressing these structural forces depended on a favorable political context capable of supporting and nurturing such approaches. The subsequent “shift” of focus in terms of HIV prevention in Brazil is then examined to show how the broader political ecology of the country unfavorably changed what had been an effective initial response to ending AIDS in Brazil.