Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Brazil. Comissão de Desenvolvimento Industrial'
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Montenegro, Nelson Eugênio Pinheiro. "Informação na Comissão de Desenvolvimento Econômico, Indústria e Comércio." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16291.
Full textProhmann, Mariana. "Americanismo e fordismo nos boletins da comissão brasileiro-americana de educação industrial." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1658.
Full textThis text thematizes the performance of the Brazilian-American Commission of Industrial Education (CBAI) since its installation at Rio de Janeiro, on 1947, and extinction in Curitiba, on 1963. The general goal consists in identifying if are there any relation between Gramsci’s Americanism and Fordism elements and the CBAI’s performance, by means of a speech analysis from de Newsletter of CBAI and other documental sources related to the organizations performance. The specifics objectives intend to contextualize the political and economic situation that Brazil was going through before and concomitant to CBAI’s performance, emphasizing some aspects of the Cold War feature that contributed to narrow the relations between United States and other countries of Latin America, especially Brazil. On the following, it intends to present the main aspects of Gramsci’s thought and the Americanism and fordism and Passive Revolution as key categories for a better understanding of the presence of an Americanization project on Brazilian’s professional education. As so, the object of this study are the Newsletters of CBAI. Finally, the speech’s analisys of the Newsletter was the methodology used to demonstrate CBAI as an Americanism diffuser. The documental research and sources served as groundwork, especially the Newsletters, were found at Departamento de Documentação Histórica of Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (DEDHIS) and at Biblioteca de Educação of Universidade de São Paulo (FEUSP). The theoretical foundation has as a workline for the conception of the categories the studies of Gramsci about the of work (and the Newsletters itself), and the speech’s analysis of main concepts from Bakhtin, Voloshinov’s and the Circle of studies about language philosophy. At last, this paperwork concludes that the attempt to disseminate an amerizanization project in Brazil obtneined significant results on the industrialization of the country according to the fordism’s racionalization standarts, nevertheless, this research considers that such a project corroborates the comprehension about the consolidation of a Passive Revolution’s project.
Kawashima, Ana Beatriz. "Desenvolvimento de um inventário de emissões atmosféricas por fontes fixas para o Brasil." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1389.
Full textAtmospheric emissions for major stationary sources of pollutants in Brazil were inventoried and spatially distributed in this work. The developed inventory comprises a total of 16 refining units, 1730 thermoelectric power plants, 96 cement industries and 64 pulp and paper industries. The inventory is to base year 2011 but the data collected vary according to availability, between 2008 and 2015.The inventoried power plants represent about 28% of the electricity generated in Brazil, including as fuel natural gas, sugarcane bagasse, residual fuel oil, diesel oil and coal, representing about 94% of the electricity produced by the sector. For the pulp and paper industrial sector, the inventory comprises over 95% of installed capacity. The limits proposed by the AP-42 standards of the US Environmental Protection Agency – USEPA to the emission factors were applied in the calculations. Additional emission factors identified in the scientific literature were also included in the analysis as parameters for evaluation the range of uncertainty associated with the estimated emissions. The results show values of 857±415 Gg/year for NOx, 1,51±1,23 Tg/year for SOx, 21,2±13,7 Tg/year for CO, 10,4±10,1 Tg/year for MP, 1,14±0,95 Tg/year for TOC and 21,2±13,7 Tg/year for CO2. In comparison with values estimated for vehicles (MMA, 2011), the results show that the total estimated for NOx emissions was slightly lower than emissions from vehicles (944 Gg / year), while for the SOx the emissions were estimated to be more than 300 times vehicular emissions (about 5 Gg / year). For CO the estimated emissions were about 17 times the vehicle emissions, while for PM the estimated values were about 360 times the emissions estimated for vehicles. TOC emissions were about five times the estimated vehicle emissions. The estimated emissions for CO2 were about three times the vehicular emissions. Even when the lower limits of the emission factors are assumed, the contribution by stationary sources are still significant, with NOx being the only pollutant that would be overcome by vehicle emissions. The findings of this study clearly show that atmospheric emissions from stationary sources play a fundamental role in determining the concentration of air pollutants in Brazil. Any numerical scenario designed for air quality studies and to evaluate the impact on health, or even the definition of new policies related to the subject, need to include this new inventory in the scope.
Pereira, Luciana. "Lições da indústria fotônica para o desenvolvimento tecnológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-18082008-143542/.
Full textThis dissertation analyses how emerging technologies can help fostering industrial development. It\'s an important issue since the high-tech intensive output has become an important element of economic growth. From the empirical findings and literature discussion, we proposed a model that explains the evolution of high-technology industries. This is a general model that helps to understand the mechanisms to increase the share of production in technology-intensive industries, both in developing and developed countries.
Rocha, Igor Lopes 1986. "Reestruturação industrial no Brasil = uma análise da dinâmica comercial e produtiva da economia." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286350.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O desenvolvimento da estrutura produtiva brasileira durante as décadas de 1930 a 1980 e sua importância como eixo dinâmico da economia foram objetos de diversos estudos. Com a crise da dívida externa e a fragilidade fiscal e financeira do Estado, um novo modelo de desenvolvimento passou a ganhar adeptos, ensejando uma reviravolta na estratégia até então adotada. A política econômica empreendida, especialmente a partir da década de 1990, forjou um período de grandes mudanças no ambiente produtivo e competitivo, com reflexos ainda contemporâneos. É com base nessas acepções que o objetivo central deste trabalho se volta à investigação da dinâmica estrutural da economia brasileira, particularmente no que se refere ao seu padrão comercial e produtivo. A fim de consubstanciar a análise histórica e teórica, recorre-se ao referencial de insumo-produto, a partir das matrizes estimadas para os anos de 1995 a 2008. Destaca-se o comportamento dos coeficientes de comércio e de insumos importados, em grande medida associados ao descompasso entre a estrutura de oferta e os ciclos de demanda, assim como a rigidez estrutural da indústria nacional em termos produtivos e comerciais. Observam-se ainda neste processo os componentes dinamizadores do valor adicionado e do emprego na demanda agregada
Abstract: The development of Brazilian productive structure between the 1930?s and 1980?s and its importance as a dynamic hub of the economy were subject of several studies. After the external debt crisis and the fiscal and financial fragility of the State, a new development model began to gain adepts entailing a turnaround in strategy then adopted. The economic policy undertaken, especially from the 1990's onwards, forged a period of great changes in productive and competitive environment, with still contemporary consequences. Based on these references, the aim of this study is to investigate Brazilian structural dynamics, particularly what refers to the commercial and productive pattern. In order to support the historical and theoretical analysis, the input-output approach is used to estimate matrices from 1995 to 2008. It is highlighted the evolution of trade and imported input coefficients, largely associated with the gap between supply structure and demand cycles, as well as the structural rigidity of domestic industry in terms of production and trade. It is also observed in this process the dynamic components of aggregate demand for value-added and employment
Mestrado
Ciências Economicas
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
Benatti, Adriana Souza. "Processo de substituição e importações: uma estratégia de desenvolvimento para a América Latina. Experiências comparadas - Brasil e México (1929-1980)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-18122012-102312/.
Full textThe present research has as aim the construction of a comparative analysis concerning the Brazilian and Mexican industrial development, especially between the Crash of 1929 period until the 1980s, adopting as central focus the Processes of Import Substitution Industrialization, considered by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean as one of the necessary efforts to conquest the reduction of the economic dependence of Latin American countries on the industrialized nations. The analysis of the processes, as well as of its direct effects on the studied economies, allowed evidencing that, although Brazil and Mexico conquest a significant industrial improvement, some inconsistencies throughout the PSI and others of macroeconomic character had a big and negative impact over its full success. As result of the adoption of the industrialization based on import substitution, the Brazilian and Mexican economies got a reduction of their vulnerability, as well as its strong entailing and dependence of the industrialized countries - especially in terms of the industrialized goods. However, there was a constitution of a strong technological dependence and the signalization of the critical lack of competitiveness in the international market of manufactures.
Grava, Guilherme Saraiva. "Direito, desenvolvimento e transformações institucionais: como o Congresso Nacional regulou a Comissão Mista de Orçamento entre 1988 e 2015?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18234.
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When the new Brazilian Constitution of 1988 was ratified, the National Congress regained several of its prerogatives related to the budgetary process that had been limited during the previous regime (of 1969). One, in particular, was the restauration of the legislative power to modify the budget laws through the adoption of amendments on the original bill, offering congressmen the ability to increase or to create new expenditures for the Federal Government. This arrangement was similar to the system that prevailed under the Constitution of 1946, but with a series of new restrictions that did not exist at that time. The main distinctive feature was the promotion of a unicameral procedure for the approval of budgetary laws, convened through a permanent joint committee specifically dedicated to this purpose – the Joint Budget Committee (Comissão Mista de Orçamento or CMO). This body, considered one of the most powerful in the Brazilian National Congress, accumulates attributes regarding the examination of the budget laws, of the amendments presented to those bills during the approval phase, and also for the control phase of the budget cycle. However, despite its relevance, the legal literature has dedicated little attention to the study of the CMO and its regulation, which is mostly established by the congressmen themselves through internal rules. With this perception in mind, the present research aims to study the so-called Joint Resolutions of the National Congress, approved between 1988 and 2015, which, through the legal framework created for the CMO, regulated the legislative role in the approval phase of the budget laws in Brazil. In this sense, the research seeks to answer three questions: (1) What is the content of the provisions in the Federal Constitution of 1988 that determine the powers and responsibilities of the Joint Budget Committee? (2) What were the procedural provisions governing the operation of the Joint Budget Committee between 1988 and 2015? (3) Which of these regimental regulations could make the process more "rational" and in what way would they do it? In order to deal with these issues, the work intends to describe the institutional transformations of the Committee through the methodological strategy of a case study, articulating the regulation created during this period with the context that involved its elaboration. Moreover, the thesis intends to contribute to the literature that studies the relationship between Law and Development, as it seeks to provide a deeper understanding of some of the budgetary institutions in Brazil – a subject of great relevance to the national development process.
Com o advento da Constituição de 1988, o Congresso Nacional recuperou diversas prerrogativas no campo orçamentário que haviam sido limitadas no regime anterior. Em particular, restaurou-se a sua competência de modificar as leis do Orçamento através da aprovação de emendas, inclusive para aumentar e criar novas despesas – à semelhança do que ocorria sob a Constituição de 1946, porém com uma série de delimitações e restrições então inexistentes. O principal traço distintivo foi a manutenção da tramitação unicameral das leis orçamentárias, reunida por meio de uma comissão mista permanente dedicada especificamente para este fim – a Comissão Mista de Orçamento (CMO). O Órgão, considerado um dos mais poderosos do Congresso Nacional, acumula competências relativas ao exame e à emissão de pareceres sobre os projetos de leis orçamentárias, às emendas apresentadas a referidos projetos e, por fim, ao acompanhamento e fiscalização da Lei Orçamentária Anual, uma vez aprovada. Entretanto, apesar de sua relevância, são poucos os trabalhos na literatura jurídica que se dedicam ao estudo da CMO e de sua regulação específica, majoritariamente estabelecida pelos próprios congressistas através de normas internas. Diante dessa percepção, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo das denominadas Resoluções Conjuntas do Congresso Nacional, aprovadas entre os anos de 1988 e 2015, com destaque para a disciplina, através do regime jurídico criado para a CMO, da atuação dos parlamentares na fase de aprovação das leis orçamentárias da União. A pesquisa procura, assim, responder a três perguntas principais: (1) Qual é o conteúdo das disposições presentes na Constituição Federal de 1988 que determinam as competências e as atribuições para a atuação da Comissão Mista de Orçamento? (2) Quais foram e de que modo se sucederam as disposições regimentais que regularam o funcionamento da Comissão Mista de Orçamento entre os anos de 1988 e 2015? (3) Quais dessas regulações regimentais seriam aptas a tornar o processo mais 'racional' e de que maneira o fariam? Para tratar dessas questões, pretende-se descrever as transformações institucionais da Comissão através da estratégia metodológica do estudo de caso, articulando-se o regramento existente no período com o contexto que envolveu sua elaboração. O trabalho pretende, ao final, contribuir à literatura que estuda as relações entre Direito e Desenvolvimento por buscar compreender, de forma mais aprofundada, algumas das instituições orçamentárias no Brasil – tema de grande relevância ao processo de desenvolvimento nacional.
Paiva, Suzana Cristina Fernandes de. "Estrategias de politica industrial e desenvolvimento economico : ideias e ideais de Fernando Fajnzylber para a America Latina." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286237.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Esta tese estuda a trajetória intelectual de Fernando Fajnzylber com o propósito de recuperar, sistematizar e apresentar uma leitura critica das suas idéias e de seus ideais relacionados a uma estratégia de política industrial e desenvolvimento econômico para a América Latina. Fernando Fajnzylber foi um teórico do desenvolvimento latino-americano e o responsável pela construção do novo enfoque teórico da CEP AL para a década de 1990, que deu origem ao projeto cepalino de "transfonnação produtiva com eqüidade". O elo condutor de sua obra sempre foi a busca pela superação dos entraves ao desenvolvimento econômico e da perene exclusão social na América Latina, isto é, a construção de um modelo de desenvolvimento menos dependente e menos excludente, que conciliasse crescimento com equidade. Sua proposta apresentava-se como alternativa ao projeto neoliberal para a América Latina, contrapondo-se aos teóricos e líderes latino-americanos que aceitaram a inevitabilidade objetiva do neoliberalismo e aderiram intelectualmente ao "pensamento hegemônico". Desta forma, seu legado intelectual nos conduz a refletir não somente sobre crescimento econômico, incorporação de progresso técnico, eficiência nos investimentos, mas sobretudo, distribuição de renda e eqüidade, visto que a justiça social ainda está por ser feita na América Latina
Abstract: This thesis has the purpose of analysing Fernando Fajnzylber's intellectual path, as an attempt of retrieving, systematizing and presenting a critical reading of his ideas and ideals for Latin America's industrial policy and economic development. Fernando Fajnzylber was a Latin American economic development theorist and also the key author of a new approach to ECLAC's (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) theory for the 1990's, which evolved into the "productive transformation with equity" project. The thread of his work has always been the search of ways for surpassing the obstacles to Latin American development as much as its everlasting social exclusion, which means the building of a whole new economic model - a less dependant and less excluding one, combining economic growth and social equity. Ris economic mode! proposal has been presented as an alterna tive to the neoliberal project for Latin America, placing itself over against region's theorists and political leaders who faced neoliberalism as something inevitable, joining its "hegemonic economic thought". For this reason, his intellectuallegacy drives us to reflect not only on economic development, absorption of technical progress, investment efficiency, but above all on income distribution and equity, since socialjustice remains to be done in Latin America
Doutorado
Historia Economica
Doutor em Economia Aplicada
Guimar??es, Alexandre Queiroz. "Institutions, state capacity and economic development: the political economy of import substitution industrialisation in Brazil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FJP, 2003. http://www.repositorio.fjp.mg.gov.br/handle/123456789/455.
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Funda????o Jo??o Pinheiro
Ind??stria
This thesis deals with the determinants and limits of the process of import substitution industrialisation which took place in Brazil from 1930 to 1980. A first important objective is to understand the direction given to the process of industrialisation and the consequent pattern of policy making. Secondly, the thesis asks why the Brazilian state, a key agent in the process of industrialisation, was notable to adopt certain measures and to go in certain directions which could have produced a more solid and sustainable process of economic development. Key attention is given to the concepts of state capacity and the developmental state. The concern with state capacity justifies a careful analysis of industrial policy, undertaken for the capital goods sector in the 1970s. In addition, the thesis is also centred on a comparative analysis. Through the experience of other countries, I intend to highlight the contribution of certain institutional factors to the path of economic development in Brazil. As a conclusion, the thesis shows how institutional factors, e.g. the result of peripheral international insertion and the organisation of social forces and of the state apparatus, constrained the capacity of the Brazilian state to replicate the results achieved by the developmental states in Japan and Korea. The study of the capital goods sector shows this in detail, emphasising the negative effects of divisions inside the state and the resistance of social groups on the coherence and the achievements of Brazilian industrial policy. An important conclusion is that the success of a substantial process of industrial transformation, which affects the interests of several economic groups, demands the construction of a strong coalition able to increase the government???s basis of support. This was an important deficiency of the military government, whose form of domination disregarded the relevance of such political mechanisms.
Zanatta, Mariana Nunciaroni. "Politicas brasileiras de incentivo a inovação e atração de investimento direto estrangeiro em pesquisa & desenvolvimento." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287555.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O objetivo principal desta tese é analisar criticamente as políticas brasileiras de incentivo à inovação com relação à atração de Investimento Direto Estrangeiro (IDE) em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D), à luz de um arcabouço de políticas e de algumas experiências internacionais. A importância das EMNs no processo de desenvolvimento tecnológico mundial e na internacionalização da P&D coloca estas empresas como atores fundamentais das políticas nacionais de incentivo à inovação. A análise de alguns países selecionados ¿ Irlanda, Israel, Taiwan, Cingapura, Malásia, China, Índia ¿ mostram como as EMNs têm sido incorporadas às suas políticas nacionais, servindo de parâmetro para a análise do caso brasileiro. O trabalho ressalta a variedade dos fatores determinantes da atração de IDE em P&D ¿qualificação dos recursos humanos, infra-estrutura física e de C&T, proteção à propriedade intelectual, incentivo fiscais, etc. ¿ e a conseqüente importância de políticas que aprimorem estes fatores. Destaca também a articulação e a consistência destas políticas para a criação de um ambiente nacional econômica e tecnologicamente atrativo ao IDE em P&D. À luz das experiências internacionais analisadas, conclui-se que, no Brasil, apesar de algumas medidas bem sucedidas em termos de qualificação e formação de recursos humanos e iniciativas recentes como a Lei de Inovação, falta seletividade na atração de IDE, tanto setorial quanto de atividades (P&D), uma estrutura governamental adequada para atrair estes investimentos, bem como a articulação entre as políticas e continuidade das mesmas
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to analyze Brazilian innovation policies relating to the attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI) in research and development (R&D), based on a policy framework and some selected international experiences. The importance of multinational companies (MNCs) in the world technological development process and in the internationalization of R&D places these companies as fundamental actors of national innovation policies. The analysis of some selected countries ¿ Ireland, Israel, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, China and India ¿ evidences how MNCs have been incorporated to their national policies, being a parameter to the analysis of Brazilian case. This work highlights the variety of determining factors on the attraction of FDI in R&D, such as qualification of human resources, adequate infrastructure, intellectual property rights, fiscal incentives, etc., and the consequent importance of national policies which enhance these factors. One may conclude that, despite some well succeeded measures in terms of the qualification of human resources and recent initiatives as the Innovation Law, Brazil still need to adopt a selective FDI policy, create an adequate governmental structure to attract more of these investments, as well as articulate these policies
Doutorado
Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica
Lopes, Marcio Augusto Falcão. "O fracasso da Comissão Mista Brasil-Estados Unidos (CMBEU) e os rumos da política econômica no segundo governo Vargas (1951-54)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9375.
Full textThis dissertation aims to introduce the essential characteristics of the constitution of Joint Comission Brazil-USA (CMBEU) which agreement was signed in 1950, December, still in the course of the president Dutra governement (1946-1950). The beginning of the CMBEU tecnical works happened in 1951, July, already in the course of the second Vargas government. This commission reunited Brazilian and North-American technicians and elaborated 41 projects which had the goal to eliminate the bottlenecks in the infrastructure and industry. These project s financing which values approximated US$ 390 millions would be disposed from multilateral institutions as the Eximbank and the BIRD, besides about Cr$ 14 billions (about US$ 690 millions) to be captivated internally. The ascension to the presidency of the United States by the Republican Eisenhower in 1953 concomitant to other reasons to be introduced in this work would represent the end of the CMBEU works and as consequence the interruption of the financing of the elaborated projects. The dissertation searchs to analyze the course of the economic policy in the second Vargas government focused mainly the period after the end of the CMBEU works which importance to the Brazilian Economy pretends to be analysed
Esta dissertação visa apresentar as características essenciais da constituição da Comissão Mista Brasil- Estados Unidos (CMBEU) cujo acordo foi firmado em dezembro de 1950, ainda durante o governo do presidente Dutra (1946-1950). O início dos trabalhos técnicos da CMBEU ocorreu em julho de 1951, já durante o segundo governo de Getúlio Vargas. Esta comissão reunia técnicos brasileiros e norte-americanos e elaborou 41 projetos que tinham por objetivo eliminar os gargalos de infra-estrutura e industriais. O financiamento destes projetos, cujos valores aproximavam a cerca de US$ 390 milhões partiria de instituições multilaterais como o Eximbank e o BIRD, ademais de cerca de Cr$ 14 bilhões (cerca de US$ 690 milhões) a serem captados internamente. A ascensão à presidência norte-americana do Republicano Eisenhower em 1953 concomitante a outras questões a serem apresentadas neste trabalho representariam o fim dos trabalhos da CMBEU e por conseqüência na suspensão do financiamento dos projetos elaborados. A dissertação busca analisar os rumos da política econômica do segundo governo Vargas, focando principalmente no período posterior ao fim dos trabalhos da CMBEU, cuja importância para a economia brasileira pretende ser analisada
Lautert, Vladimir. "A opção pelo crescimento acelerado : uma interpretação da internacionalização da indústria brasileira nos anos 1950." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/54525.
Full textThis paper analyzes the option for the industrial development with participation of the foreign capital in the way it occurred in the 1950s’, in particular from the JK government, with the support of industrial entrepreneurs. It is believed that in this year there was an international willingness to make direct investments in the country, provoked by the end of the Marshall plan which led to American investments in Europe and Japan. These investments made possible the spread of a style of administration and technologies that were compatible with the scale of existing production in the U.S.A., leading to an increase of the world-wide production and to the integration of the national markets. This provoked a movement of expansion of European, Japanese and North American companies to the periphery of capitalism. There was also a national inclination, from the entrepreneurs and government, to receive these resources with the intention to speed up industrialization. This view is interpreted as an institution, a habit of thought that manifests itself in the attempts of the government to promote the overcoming of the delay in the country’s development that also motivated entrepreneurs, which were integrated to the process secondarily. We tried to understand the entrepreneurs position from their immigrant social and ethnic origins, and from their habits of life in the commerce and the agriculture of exportation, sectors where they coexisted with the alien capital. They also had social values similar to those of the colonial elites: the individualism and the attributed importance to the personal relations, the perspective of fast enrichment and the speculative character of their economic action. The State was affected by this institutional environment. To promote industrialization and solve the problems of inflation and external disequilibrium, it gradually liberalized the movement of capitals and modified the priority of industrialization to the sector of durable goods. This was set by the Plano de Metas, a development strategy which took advantage of the international competition and took care of the interests of the entrepreneurs by facilitating the accumulation of capital in the private sector of the economy. In our interpretation, established in the structuralism and in the original institutional economics, this institution would explain the pragmatic nationalism of the government, that did not oppose to the external investment, and the support of the industrials, motivated by the previous relations with the alien capital, and by the profit perspectives that came from this association and from the economic growth provoked by the industrial politics.
Luz, Mauro Catharino Vieira da. "Políticas e programas para o setor aeroespacial no Brasil: uma análise comparada com o Canadá." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-21102010-103226/.
Full textThe strategy of long-term public policy for the aerospace sector comprises Historically, a key variable for organization and development of these activities in all countries that have these industry segments, including Brazil. From the mid 2000s, the resumption of sectorial industrial policies, as a guideline for economic development in Brazil, marked a new scenario for the years 1990, with the implementation of strategies based on the characteristics and challenges for the activities. These new guidelines also involved the aerospace sector. The theme of this work is the strategy for the Brazilian Aerospace, understood as the appreciation of the choices and goals of industrial policy. The research problem, in turn, is the comparative analysis of Brazil\'s strategy and the design considerations for a comprehensive policy, with reference to the Canadian experience. The objective is to compare the strategic design for the aerospace sector in Brazil established by the Production Development Policy (PDP) in 2008 for the National Aerospace and Defence Framework (NADF), which was established in Canada in 2005. The rationale for choosing the Canadian reference is based on similarities between production orientation and configuration features sector. In this context, the study describes the evolution and presents the system specifications in the aerospace in Brazil and Canada, examines the policy guidelines and strategies for the sector, undertaken by countries with reference to the objectives of sector policy, and compares the programs and actions for the sector, developed in the context of the PDP (Brazil) and NADF (Canada). Among the findings derived from the analysis can highlight the differences in the concept of autonomy associated with the policies undertaken in Brazil and Canada, and the participation of medium-sized enterprises and foreign subsidiaries in the productive fabric, and configuration of infrastructure and support services between countries. Particularly in relation to policies, there are important differences in relation to the objectives; requirements and form of selective measures, and articulation of the instruments for achieving the goals. Among the critical considerations for policy evaluation in Brazil, formulated based on Canadian experience, we highlight the lack of an integrated project for the aerospace and setting targets in relation to the basic variables of performance of industrial activity, the excessive focus on products and little emphasis on the processes of building skills for insertion in international value chains, and the limited vision of institutional elements needed to make production viable in the long term aerospace.
Mesquita, Priscila Alcântara Sena. "De Vargas a Juscelino rupturas e continuidades no processo de desenvolvimento brasileiro (1951 61)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9216.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to make an analysis of the second term of Getúlio Vargas and the government of Juscelino Kubitschek, highlighting points of rupture and continuity. The 1950s were very important for the Brazilian economic development process. It was a period of intense growth, maturing, and changes in the country. However, along with these transformations, inequalities arose and the political interests of each group in Brazilian society stood out. If, on one hand Vargas sought in his government development linked to economic stability by initiating the partnership with the North American government with the establishment of the Joint Brazil-United States Commission [Comissão Mista Brasil-Estados Unidos (CMBEU)] JK had the intention of promoting growth at any cost, based on these same projects generated by CMBEU. In this way, the search for consolidation of the national industry by Vargas, whether with internal or external resources, was later weakened due to the intense flow of foreign capital observed during Kubitschek s government. Within this context, the economic imbalance became increasingly greater, but as it had been accompanied by economic growth, it was seldom discussed by the society of the time. Thus, the problems generated by inflation and external imbalance, resulting from this disorderly growth, brought problems for the successors of JK and, further on, compromised the Brazilian democracy itself
Uma análise do segundo governo Vargas e do Governo de Juscelino Kubitschek, destacando pontos de rupturas e continuidades é o objetivo desta dissertação. Os anos de 1950 foram de grande importância para o processo de desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro. Foi um período de intenso crescimento, amadurecimento e mudanças no país. Entretanto, junto com estas transformações emergiram as desigualdades e destacaram-se os interesses políticos de cada grupo da sociedade brasileira. Se por um lado Vargas buscou em seu governo o desenvolvimento atrelado ao equilíbrio econômico, ao iniciar a parceria junto ao governo norte americano com o estabelecimento da Comissão Mista Brasil-Estados Unidos (CMBEU), JK visou o crescimento a qualquer custo, baseando-se nestes mesmos trabalhos gerados pela CMBEU. Desta maneira, a busca pela consolidação da indústria nacional por Vargas, quer seja com recursos internos quer seja com recursos externos, foi posteriormente enfraquecida frente ao intenso fluxo de capital estrangeiro observado no governo de Kubitschek. Nesta conjuntura, o desequilíbrio econômico se mostrou cada vez maior, porém como vinha acompanhado pelo crescimento econômico foi pouco discutido pela sociedade no momento. Assim os problemas gerados pela inflação e pelo desequilíbrio externo, resultante deste crescimento desordenado, acarretaram problemas para os sucessores de JK e, mais adiante, comprometeu a própria democracia brasileira
Urias, Eduardo Muniz Pereira. "A industria farmaceutica brasileira : um processo de co-evolução de instituições, organizações industriais, ciencia e tecnologia." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287704.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O presente trabalho possui três objetivos principais, perseguidos por meio de entrevistas com atores da indústria, da coleta de informações em fontes secundárias, de um Painel de Especialistas, somados a elementos teóricos de Economia Evolucionária e de Economia Institucional. O primeiro deles, apresentado no Capítulo 1, consistiu em desenvolver a evolução do setor farmacêutico brasileiro desde sua formação, ainda no final do século XIX. Buscaram-se elementos que permitissem compreender o porquê de as atividades científicas e tecnológicas - características do setor em nível global - terem sido alijadas da rotina da indústria local. O segundo objetivo, abordado no Capítulo 2, teve início com a observação de que algumas mudanças institucionais verificadas na década de 1990 - com destaque para a da Lei de Propriedade Intelectual (nº 9.279 de 14/05/1996) e para a Lei do Medicamento Genérico (nº 9.787 de 10/02/1999) - direcionaram as principais empresas de capital nacional à realização de atividades de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação. Relatando esforços em inovação observados no setor no período recente, argumenta-se ao longo do trabalho que tal mudança de postura ocorreu porque a conjugação das duas leis inviabilizou as estratégias predominantemente oportunistas e rentistas praticadas pelas principais empresas de capital nacional do setor. Porém, também são destacados gargalos e desconexões observados, que tornam limitada a possibilidade de afirmar que existe um sistema de inovação farmacêutico no Brasil. O terceiro objetivo, retratado no Capítulo 3, ressalta a importância da dependência da trajetória para o posicionamento das empresas no novo ambiente que emergiu recentemente, destacando os elos existentes entre experiência, capacitações técnicas e estratégia tecnológica das empresas. Através de um estudo de caso com três empresas, buscou-se relatar como a definição e implementação de uma estratégia tecnológica tendem a apresentar elementos de inércia organizacional ao estarem impregnadas por padrões de comportamento herdados do passado. Por fim, as conclusões ressaltam que tanto os críticos quanto os defensores da exceção patentária para o setor farmacêutico observada no Brasil entre 1945 e 1996 erraram em seus prognósticos. Além disso, é ressaltada a importância de as empresas se livrarem das amarras que ainda as prendem ao ambiente competitivo anterior - sobretudo o foco de curto prazo e a relutância de investir em atividades de maior risco - bem como de se articular as políticas econômica, industrial, de ciência e tecnologia e de saúde, para que se crie um ambiente favorável à constituição de um verdadeiro sistema de inovação. O erro daqueles que acreditaram na exceção patentária como vetor do aprendizado e do desenvolvimento da indústria farmacêutica pode estar hoje sendo repetido, na crença de que basta distribuir dinheiro público para que as empresas invistam - a sério - em pesquisa e inovação de base tecnológica.
Abstract: This dissertation deals with a path-dependence analysis of the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry to show how the local firms are incorporating innovative activities, having elements of both Evolutionary and Institutional Economics as the theoretical background. By means of interviews with industry's players, the gathering of secondary source's information, and a panel of experts its three main objectives are presented and discussed as follow. Chapter 1 develops the evolution of the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry from its formation, in the late nineteenth century, to actual days. Evidences are analyzed in order to comprehend why the scientific and technological activities - characteristics of the sector at a global level - were eliminated from the routine of local industry. Some important institutional changes occurred in the 1990s - in particular the Law of Intellectual Property and the Law on Medicines Generic - and have directed the major companies of national capital in conducing research, development and innovation activities. Chapter 2 takes this in consideration by reporting the innovative efforts of the industry that has been observed in the recent period. It is argued throughout this study that this change of attitude occurred because the combination of those two laws that has resulted in opportunistic and rent-seeking strategies by major companies of national capital. Nonetheless, observed bottlenecks and disconnections are also highlighted, limiting the opportunity to affirm that there is an actual system of pharmaceutical innovation in Brazil. The third objective is depicted in Chapter 3. In here it is emphasized the importance of path-dependence in the positioning of the new business environment that has emerged recently. Links between experience, training techniques and technology strategy of firms are highlighted. A three companies case study shows that the definition and implementation of a technology strategy tend to have elements of organizational inertia because they are impregnated by patterns of behavior inherited from the past. Finally, research findings conclude that both critics and defenders of the patent exception for pharmaceutical sector were incorrect in their predictions. Furthermore, it draw attention to the importance of companies to get rid of the ties that have linked them to the previous competitive environment (especially the shortterm focus and unwillingness to invest in activities of greater risk) and to articulate the economic and industrial policies, as well as science, technology and health ones in order to create a favorable environment for the set up of a genuine system of innovation. The mistakes of those who believed in the patent exception as a vector of learning and development of the pharmaceutical industry may be being repeated today by the belief that only public money is necessary for companies to seriously invest in research and technology-based innovation.
Mestrado
Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
Maldaner, Luís Felipe. "O sistema nacional de inovação:um estudo comparado Brasil X Coréia do Sul." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2005. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2672.
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O desenvolvimento de um país passa pela construção de estágios avançados de industrialização, de preferência assentados sob uma base nacional. Isso ocorreu com os países centrais. O desafio que está colocado é de como os países periféricos poderão alcançar esses estágios, considerando as carências que detém e as pressões dos países ricos que “chutam a escada” para impedir-lhes o avanço. O primeiro passo para iniciar essa trajetória é a estratégia do país que deverá tratar das políticas de desenvolvimento. Um dos aspectos fundamentais para alcançar o desenvolvimento é a tecnologia. Sem tecnologia não há perspectiva de desenvolvimento no sistema capitalista, porque, segundo Schumpeter (1982), o fluxo circular da economia sai da inércia com a entrada da inovação. A inovação, por sua vez, ocorre inserida num todo articulado que Freeman (2004) denominou de “Sistema Nacional de Inovação”. Esse sistema envolve as entidades governamentais, universidades, institutos de pesquisa e empresas, com o objetivo de obter i
Mathias, Meire. "Sob o prisma dos interesses : a política externa brasileira e a Confederação Nacional da Indústria." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280967.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: O estudo busca analisar a política externa brasileira dos anos 90, sob o ângulo dos interesses de atores estatais e não estatais na Agenda externa do país, particularmente em relação ao Mercosul. Nesse sentido, a investigação se reporta a inserção internacional do Brasil no pós-Guerra Fria, período em que foi definida uma nova estratégia econômica de desenvolvimento para o país, escolha que implicou mudanças na política exterior. Tendo em vista o cenário internacional de incertezas para os Estados, conferimos à hipótese de que a reestruturação da economia política global e a assimilação da hegemonia neoliberal por parte dos países latino-americanos, implicaram certa negligência com o modelo de desenvolvimento endógeno. Do mesmo modo, no período em tela, as decisões sobre política externa reuniram não somente os interesses estatais, mas também de atores não estatais, porém organizados, que buscaram exercer poder de pressão e influência nos processos decisórios. Destarte, considerando que as relações entre Estado e sociedade permeiam as decisões quanto ao desenvolvimento nacional e as diretrizes de política exterior, coloca-se em evidência que interesses específicos pautam as relações entre o Governo, representado pelo Ministério das Relações Exteriores (MRE), e a Confederação Nacional da Indústria (CNI), representante de um determinado grupo de empresas do segmento industrial brasileiro. Com isso, verifica-se que as relações entre ambos os Atores foram pautadas no modelo de desenvolvimento liberalizante, que acabou por se constituir em plataforma de inserção internacional do Brasil. Sob essa perspectiva, confirma-se que o processo decisório em política externa não está dissociado dos interesses e da ideologia dos atores envolvidos no processo
Abstract: This study aims to present an analysis of the Brazilian Foreign Policies, considering the special points of view of particular interests (sponsored by State and non-State actors) in the country's Foreign Agenda, especially Mercosul ones. In this context, the researches are directed to Brazil's insertion into the international into the post Cold War period; that moment brought up a definition of a new economics strategy for the development of the country. This choice brought on changes in the Brazilian Foreign Policy. Considering the international and uncertain scenario in the Countries studied, we checked the hypothesis that said that, the reconstruction of the global economics policy and the assimilation of neo-liberal hegemony by some of the Latin-American countries, implyed a certain neglect of the endogenous development model. And at this same focused moment, the decisions concerning foreign policies united not only the state interests, but also, hosted non-state activists, but organized ones, who aimed to influence and put pressure upon the decision process. In this manner, considering that the relationship between State and Society permeate decisions concerning national development and the directions for Foreign policies, it is focused that specific interests regulate the relationships between the Government ( represented by Ministério das Relações Exteriores ( MRE) Ministry of Foreign Affairs ); and, Confederação Nacional da Industria (CNI), National Confederation of Industries, that represents a certain segment of the Brazilian industrial companies and scenario). Considering these previous ideas, it comes to light that the relations between both parties, were based on a model of liberated development, and this model became the platform for the acceptance of the international insertion of Brazil. Under this perspective, it is born, that a confirmation of the decision process in foreign policy is not separated from the interests and ideologies of the activists involved in this process
Doutorado
Relações Internacionais
Doutor em Ciência Política
Klüger, Elisa. "Meritocracia de laços: gênese e reconfiguração do espaço dos economistas no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do BNDES, 2017. https://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/11520.
Full textThis study proposes to historically and socially embed the space of the economists in Brazil, addressing the tis between competing agents in order to establish boundaries and legitimacy principles of their knowledge and practice. The dissertation is dedicated to the study of economy experts who are in transit between the academy, the State, the private sector as well as between national and international spaces, emphasizing the convergence of two resources in accessing prestige and power positions: relationships with people and institutions and specialized credentials. Covering the period from the end of the 1930s to the beginning of 2000, the dissertation shows how the economists’ space has become denser and which configurations and fragmentations prevailed at each point in time. Therefore, in order to emphasize the creation of ties over time, the analysis draws upon the interviews and secondary sources uses to draw a network, which are presented at the end of each point of the system, revealing that bonds tend to be created between individuals who are socially similar, caused by structural proximity. The oxymoron “meritocracy of ties” features a study in which, despite the progressive appreciation of specialized qualification for the exercise of prestigious roles in economy, the importance of social capital as a route to access power is preserved as fundamental.
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017
Bibliografia: p. 793-855
Inclui lista de gráficos, tabelas e imagens p. 13
Inclui lista de siglas p. 13-18
Esta pesquisa foi financiada pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) e pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoas de Nível Superior (CAPES), Programa de Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior (PDSE-CAPES).
A autora autoriza a reprodução e divulgação total e parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte.
Resumos em português e inglês.
Silva, Andréa de Oliveira. "Dinâmica competitiva e tecnológica da indústria de máquinas-ferramenta no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-26072013-114724/.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the characteristics and conditions of the industrial and technological development of the machine tools industry in Brazil. The work assumes that there is a relationship between technological trajectory, technological regime and economic development and considers the framework of the Sectoral System of Innovation can make important contributions to technological development among industries. A theoretical review of the thesis applied the discussion on technological trajectory, technological regime and Sectoral System of Innovation in the case of machine tools industry, highlighting the features of the technology development sector in England, USA and Japan. The research methodology includes an analysis of the machine tools industry in Brazil. This analysis considered the performance characteristics of industrial and technological interactions between companies of machine tools and research groups based in São Paulo. From the empirical analysis and sector, the thesis found that the technological regime of the machine tools industry in Brazil has distinct characteristics to the machine tools industry of the countries analyzed in the theoretical review. The machine tools Sectoral System of Innovation in Brazil also have some differences from the System Sector machine tools from Germany, Japan, USA and Italy. The conclusion is that the choice of enterprises by technological trajectories in the past can influence a distinct technological environment for the same sector across countries. It is considered that the characteristics of the technological environment of each sector may have some positive effects on their competitiveness. However, in the long term, the dynamic industrial and technological sector of machine tools can be affected by national choice between technological trajectories.
Silva, Robson Thiago Guedes da. "Valoração de tecnologias em organizações científicas e tecnológicas (OCTs) do estado do Paraná (Brasil)." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1933.
Full textThe open innovation model recently proposed by Henry Chesbrough has encouraged the transfer of technology between companies, universities and research institutions. In response to this phenomenon Brazil has created mechanisms to encourage technology transfer between these different organizations by Law 10,973 / 2004 and 11,196 / 2005. Thus, the further integration of these technological innovators raises the need to pay more attention to assessing the value of the transfer object technology. The objective of the research was to describe the main features of valuation processes developed technologies and used by science and technology organizations in Paraná. This is an applied research, qualitative by point of view of the problem approaching, descriptive with regard to their objectives and predominantly documental in relation to its technical procedures. The methodological procedures include a bibliographical research aiming at the mapping technology valuation process characteristics used in Brazil and abroad, which were raised through access to sites via the Internet of important scientific and technological organizations and surveys using tools such as questionnaire. As a result, it was found that the main characteristics that define the profile of the OCTs in the technology transfer process are: a more comprehensive scope of the institutional mission of the OCTs (larger number of objectives); greater involvement in research activities; the involvement of other agents on decision process of the criteria for valuing a technological assets (including partners and researcher); adoption of more types of transfer agreements; longer NIT experience. Additionally we found that adherence to the methods most indicated in the literature is not a feature of Paraná OCTs, which indicates a potential for convergence of current practices to best practices. As a suggestion it is recommended that OCTs adopt a policy of offering different types of transfer agreements in their negotiations to maximize the chances of success. It is also recommended to include in the patent catalogs, in addition to technical descriptions, information about the possibilities for the application of technologies involving the production of goods or services. The recommendations also include the publication of the portfolio of research projects whose purposes are designing new products or production processes. This work also suggests the creation of a register of technological demands, which could be published in Formict Report so that NITs might identify technology transfer opportunities.
Almeida, Alexandra Ozorio de. "O Programa Nuclear Brasileiro e o Acordo com a Alemanha: da ambição compartilhada aos interesses fragmentados (1975-1978)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-04092015-172424/.
Full textThe Brazilian Nuclear Program, brought into being by the Brazil-Germany Nuclear Agreement, is the object of this study. The program was one of the great projects of the Geisel administration (1974-1979), within a wider set of investments that comprised a reply to the crisis triggered by the 1973 oil shock and aimed to change the direction of Brazilian development. Showing how the debate on the nuclear question was always closely linked to the discussion as to the paths of national development, the present work investigates the nuclear program as an integral part of the II Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (2nd National Development Plan), proposed by the Geisel administration. Alongside other major energy projects and projects directed towards basic industrial sectors, the nuclear program contributed to boost Brazilian growth, to raise national development to a new level and significantly reduce dependence on external sources. In the first part of this work, we discuss the motivations and rationale of this program, after a review of its history and of the negotiations that resulted in the Agreement. The vague idea that various actors entertained for more than a quarter of a century took shape as a project within the new national development plan. This project initially generated widespread enthusiasm. In order to understand why and how specific actors, central to the program, became disenchanted and, in a short period of time, withdrew their support, the second part of this work is dedicated to the analysis of three relevant actors: the business sector linked to heavy equipment, who would have benefitted from a large amount of orders; the two segments of state bureaucracy more directly linked to the program (the nucleocrats) and the more traditional ones from the electricity sector; and finally, the scientists, historical leaders of the initiative, relegated to second place by the program. By recognizing that the nuclear program is linked to an uncommon industrial sector, characterized by high industrial and technological complexity, this work discusses the reasons for its failure and endeavours to acquire insights into the process of constructing public policies and the requirements for their efficacy.
Boufleur, Rodrigo Naumann. "A questão da gambiarra: formas alternativas de desenvolver artefatos e suas relações com o design de produtos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16134/tde-24042007-150223/.
Full textThis research proposes the overview of the paradigms that comes from the limits of the traditional concepts of industrial design. The objective is to study alternative types of design, introducing reflections about the meaning and their contributions to social and environment subjects. Gambiarra, a Brazilian original term, usually translated to the expression ?make do?, and seen as an alternative procedure, is used to represent those practices that provide improved artifacts, however relating them to the Brazilian reality. This idea, when related to propositions and concepts of design, contributes with a range of reflections about the constitution of these artifacts on the universe of the Brazilian material culture.
Willis, Eliza Jane. "The state as banker the expansion of the public sector in Brazil /." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18493648.html.
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