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Journal articles on the topic 'Brazier phenomena'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Saida, Kazuyoshi, Woo Hyun Song, and Kazutoshi Nishimoto. "Laser Brazing Phenomena of Heat-Resistant Alloys with Precious Brazing Filler Metals." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4053.

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The diode laser brazing of heat-resistant alloys with precious brazing filler metals has been conducted using the tandem beam consisted of preheating beam and main brazing beam. The 1mm thick plates of Inconel 600 and A286 alloys were butt-brazed with the 0.5mm diameter Au-18%Ni, Ag-10%Pd and Ag-21%Cu-25%Pd filler metals using a brazing flux. The sound butt joints which were free from brazing defects such as porosity and lack of penetration could be obtained at the brazing clearances of 0.1-1.5mm. Fracture strength of braze joints using Au-Ni and Ag-Cu-Pd filler metals was comparable to the base metal strength at any brazing clearance between 0.1-1.5mm, whereas that using Ag-Pd filler metal increased with decreasing the brazing clearance and attained about 70% of the base metal strength at brazing clearance of 0.1mm. The computer simulations of the braze metal flowing and the base metal erosion suggested that the preheating effect during the tandem beam brazing resulted in the superior brazability at the narrow-gap as well as wide-gap brazing attributed to the improvement in the wetting, spreading, infiltrativity and the erosion resistance of melted filler metal.

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Mehrizi, S., A. M. Hadian, A. Hadian, and A. Vosughi. "Interfacial Phenomena in Brazing of a Stainless Steel Face Sheet to a Honeycomb Core." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 1236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.1236.

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One of the difficulties in manufacturing of sandwich honeycomb structures is the proper joining of honeycomb cores to face sheets. In this investigation, vacuum brazing process using BNi-2 brazing alloy was applied for these types of joints. Brazing cycles were performed at temperatures ranging from 1020 to 1050oC under different holding times ranging from 5 to 20 min. Three different zones were observed in the solidified braze layer. The width of each zone was altered by brazing cycle. The results showed the crucial role of boron element in the brazing alloy in wetting behavior and final products after brazing. The optimum brazing cycle was found to be 1020oC and 5 min holding time followed by heat treating the brazed samples at 600oC for 6 hrs.

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3

Fadelan, Fadelan, Yoyok Winardi, and Wawan Trisnadi Putra. "Study Experimental Joining Dissimilar Metal of Cemented Carbide and Carbon Steel under TIG Brazing." International Journal of Mechanics 15 (January 18, 2022): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9104.2021.15.30.

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In the manufacturing industry, cutting tools are the main component. To produce the best performance of the cutting tool is required high cost. The cemented carbide and steels are joined using brazing. The aim of the work is to investigate the joining of dissimilar metals between cemented carbide and carbon steel using arc brazing. The TIG brazing method has been prepared for the joining of carbide insert and carbon steel. Phenomena that occur in the joint were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The composition of the constituent elements of the brazed area was characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Vickers hardness machine is used to hardness test in the brazed area. The results of the microstructure analysis and EDS test composition indicate that solid solution phase enriched Cu is detected in the brazed area. The Fe and C elements are diffusions into the brazed area. The hardness value in the brazed area is 12,16 HVN, greater than based metals especially SS400. Thus, the solid solution phase of Cu and elements of Fe and C affect the hardness value.

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Li, Zhuo Ran, Guang Dong Wu, Zheng Zheng Wang, and Ji Cai Feng. "Microstructure and Mechanical Property of the ZrB₂-Based Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramic Composites Brazed Joint." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1184.

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ZrB2-SiC ceramic composites was brazed by using Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu active filler in a vacuum furnace. The microstructure and interfacial phenomena of the joints were analyzed by means of SEM, EDS and XRD. The joining effect was evaluated by shear strength. The results showed that the reaction products of the ZrB2-SiC ceramic composites joint brazed with Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu active filler were TiC, ZrC, Ti5Si3, Zr2Si, Zr(s,s) and (Ti, Zr)2 (Ni, Cu). The maximum shear strength of the ZrB2-based ultra-high-temperature ceramic composites brazed joints is 143.5 Subscript textMPa at brazing temperature T=920°C and holding time t=10min.

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5

Ferraris, Sara, Sergio Perero, and Graziano Ubertalli. "Surface Activation and Characterization of Aluminum Alloys for Brazing Optimization." Coatings 9, no. 7 (July 23, 2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9070459.

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Brazing of Al-alloys is of interest in many application fields (e.g., mechanical and automotive). The surface preparation of substrates and the in depth investigation of the interface reaction between aluminum substrates and brazing materials is fundamental for a proper understanding of the process and for its optimization. The interaction between two aluminum based substrates (Al5182 and Al6016) and two studied brazing materials (pure Zn and for the first time ZAMA alloy) has been studied in simulated brazing condition in order to define the best surface preparation conditions and combination substrate-brazing material to be used in real joining experiments. Three different surface preparations were considered: polishing and cleaning, application of flux and vacuum plasma etching (Ar) followed by sputtering coating with Zn. Macroscopic observation of the samples surface after “brazing”, optical microscopy, and microhardness measurements on the cross-section and XRD measurements on the top surface gave a comprehensive description of the phenomena occurring at the interface between the substrate and the brazing alloy which are of interest to understand the brazing process and for the detection of the best conditions to be used in brazing. Plasma etching (Ar) followed by sputtering coating with Zn resulted a promising solution in case of Al5182 brazed with Zn, while the addition of flux was more effective in case of Al6016 substrate. ZAMA alloy demonstrated good interface reactivity with both Al6016 and Al5182 alloys, particularly on only cleaned surfaces.

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6

Gaulard, Mylène. "The "hot money" phenomenon in Brazil." Revista de Economia Política 32, no. 3 (September 2012): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31572012000300002.

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7

SAITOH, Osamu, Akio SUZUMURA, Wakou MIYAGAWA, and Hirotaka OGAWA. "The Erosion Phenomena of Silicon Nitride at The Brazed Interface." QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 18, no. 2 (2000): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.18.236.

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8

Tung, S. K., L. C. Lim, and M. O. Lai. "Solidification phenomena in nickel base brazes containing boron and silicon." Scripta Materialia 34, no. 5 (March 1996): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-6462(95)00577-3.

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9

Trivedi, N. B., B. M. Pathan, Nelson J. Schuch, M. Barreto, and L. G. Dutra. "Geomagnetic phenomena in the South Atlantic anomaly region in Brazil." Advances in Space Research 36, no. 10 (January 2005): 2021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2004.09.020.

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10

Saida, Kazuyoshi, Woo Hyun Song, and Kazutoshi Nishimoto. "Theoretical Approaches to Erosion and Wetting Phenomena during Laser Brazing Process." Solid State Phenomena 127 (September 2007): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.127.301.

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11

Chung, Y. S., and T. Iseki. "Interfacial phenomena in joining of ceramics by active metal brazing alloy." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 40, no. 4-5 (January 1991): 941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(91)90255-y.

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12

Monteiro, Rodrigo, Marcelo Guimarães Tiezzi, Marilda Aparecida Milanez Morgado de Abreu, Claudia Cardoso Macedo de Oliveira, Eduardo Vinícios Mendes Roncada, and Luciena Cegatto Martins Ortigosa. "Lucio's phenomenon: another case reported in Brazil." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 87, no. 2 (April 2012): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0365-05962012000200017.

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Lucio's phenomenon is defined as a variant of type 2 leprosy reaction. It is a rare event, occurring in the evolution of leprosy of Lucio and other forms of lepromatous leprosy. It has an exacerbated proliferation of Hansen bacilli in its pathophysiology, which invade blood vessel walls and injure endothelial cells, causing endothelial proliferation and decreasing the vascular lumen. This fact, associated with inflammatory reactions and changes in the coagulation system causes vascular thrombosis, ischemia, infarction and tissue necrosis, leading to the histopathological characteristic of the phenomenon. We report a case of lepromatous leprosy with irregular treatment that developed Lucio's phenomenon. Treatment with multidrug therapy, antibiotics, steroids and thalidomide achieved a favorable outcome.

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13

Campello, F. "Periodicity of atmospheric phenomena occurring in the extreme South of Brazil." Atmospheric Science Letters 5, no. 1-4 (2003): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmoscilet.2003.12.003.

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14

SONG, Woohyun, Kazuyoshi SAIDA, and Kazutoshi NISHIMOTO. "Theoretical Analysis of Erosion Phenomenon during Laser Brazing." QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 23, no. 4 (2005): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.23.595.

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15

Nagatsuka, K., Y. Sechi, N. Ma, and K. Nakata. "Simulation of cracking phenomena during laser brazing of ceramics and cemented carbide." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 19, no. 8 (August 18, 2014): 682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1362171814y.0000000241.

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16

Udvardy, Oliver, and Antal Lovas. "Dynamic Phenomena during Sessile Drop Measurements due to Oxide Layer Disruption." Materials Science Forum 589 (June 2008): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.589.173.

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The wetting phenomenon between solids and liquids has an outstanding role in several technological processes [1, 2]. The knowledge of physical and chemical factors acting on the surface tension is needed to ensure the successful processing in casting, brazing and sintering. The surface oxide layer influences the wetting conditions and makes difficult the exact measurement of contact angle [3]. In this paper the effect of oxide layer disruption and recovery was observed using a high speed camera.

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17

Araujo, M. V., M. A. C. da Silva, and K. L. Bruch. "The phenomenon of moscatel sparkling wine in Brazil." BIO Web of Conferences 12 (2019): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191203012.

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This article sought bases and contexts of social representation of sparkling wine muscatel in Brazil. It is a base for more complex studies. A phenomenon of increased sparkling wine consumption in Brazil was perceived, mainly from muscatel sparkling wine, which increased by 417% from 2005 to 2017. Sparkling wine is a product that appeared in France and migrated to other countries after colonization. In Brazil, it has been gaining more and more visibility, be it in music, news, supermarkets, and other social contexts. To understand this phenomenon, we sought the media and cultural databases, i.e. music, online newspapers. In Brazilian music, the sparkling wine is represented as a luxury product, which refers to romance, festivities, celebrations, special moments, seduction, special gifts, social differentiation, among others. In others media, it is perceived as a fresh, light drink, with pleasant sweetness and easiness to drink, and also an option for those who want to start venturing into the world of wine. As an exploratory and developing research, it was possible to lay down a foundation for further investigation about the social representation of sparkling wine in Brazil.

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18

de Moraes, Moacir Tuzzin, Henrique Debiasi, Reimar Carlesso, Julio Cezar Franchini, Vanderlei Rodrigues da Silva, and Felipe Bonini da Luz. "Age-hardening phenomena in an oxisol from the subtropical region of Brazil." Soil and Tillage Research 170 (July 2017): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.03.002.

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19

Costa Pinto, Ricardo Santhiago, and Luciano Bernardino da Costa. "Verticalization: Photographic Explorations Of Complex Urban Phenomena." Sophia Journal 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-8976_2021-0006_0001_9.

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How to explore photography as a way of problematizing urban phenomena? Is it possible to use different aesthetic concepts, in photography, to expand the dialogue with cities? These two questions guide the photographic research developed as part of the project, “Highrise Living and the Inclusive City”, with a focus in São Paulo / Brazil and Lyon / France. The first question highlights the territory and the production of capitalist urban space by photography realized in fieldwork. The second one involves editing and re-elaborating the images, considering the approximation between the research project, local records and photography aesthetic. The High-Rise Project, on the other hand, discusses the contemporary verticalization process and its spatial and social implications in Sao Paulo city, considering a contextual (São Paulo, Lyon) and multiscale analysis model, while incorporating different reading strategies and territory interpretation. The field study, initially organized as a team, resulted in different materials, including the photographic one, from which discussion and editing meetings were conducted by this researcher, considering possibilities for language experiments in interaction with the territory. The series and photographic montages realized allowed a reflection about the relationship between public spaces and paths capturing a specific ambience to the places; and, also, exploring different comparative strategies that highlight, in the four distinct regions, intense landscape transformation due to verticalization. On the other hand, these photographic setting acquire a relative autonomy in relation to the original project, being placed on the edge of applicated use of image and esthetic research with its own characteristics.

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20

Manhães, Vinícius Toledo, and Roberto Cezar Rosendo. "EVOLUÇÃO DA DENSIDADE INDUSTRIAL NOS ESTADOS DO SUDESTE BRASILEIRO (2000/2010): VIVENCIAMOS UM FENÔMENO DE DESINDUSTRIALIZAÇÃO?" RDE - Revista de Desenvolvimento Econômico 1, no. 39 (April 2016): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/rde.v3i35.4506.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a ocorrência de um suposto processo de desindustrialização no Brasil, tomando por base os estados da região mais industrializada do país, a região Sudeste. É importante ressaltar que a maior parte dos estudos já

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21

Sanches, Lars Meyer, and Orlando Fontes Lima Jr. "Hockey Stick Phenomenon: Supply Chain Management Challenge in Brazil." BAR - Brazilian Administration Review 11, no. 3 (September 2014): 264–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2014130044.

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22

Pavlović, Maja, and Ljubiša Bojić. "Political marketing and strategies of digital illusions: Examples from Venezuela and Brazil." Socioloski pregled 54, no. 4 (2020): 1391–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg54-27846.

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State represents a social phenomenon which is constantly changing - just like all political actors. The direction of that evolution is determined by the development and current state of the art in technological domain. That explains how the rise of social media and new ICTs has shaped the contemporary political communication. This paper sheds light on the manner in which digital tools are exploited in an unpredictable social ambience which is characterized by numerous political crises. Special attention has been given to the phenomenon of digital astroturfing and political disinformation trends in Venezuela and Brazil. We have found that the dynamic technological development combined with the use of political bots has been creating the potential for fake news, thus impacting election processes and endangering democracy. Therefore, these phenomena need further scientific examination.

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23

Mirkin, Yakov M., and Karina M. Lebedeva. "The Phenomenon of Related Dynamics in Global Finances (Russia, Brazil)." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 1 (April 4, 2018): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-1-155-169.

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The article establishes stable codependencies between international financial markets and their underlying cause and effect mechanisms, as an object of a global transformation. We demonstrate an intense co-integration between the financial markets of Russia, Brazil and the other emerging markets of Latin America (through the lens of stock markets and national currencies). The cause and effect mechanisms of this dependency are examined. We characterize the countries as analogous substitutes for investors (abundant similarities include: models of collective behaviour, ideology, model and structure of the economy, model of the financial sector, highly speculative markets in shares and currencies). The article explains an extremely limited role of the internal (primarily retail) investors in determining dynamics of the financial market. The central role of non-resident actors (global financial institutions and institutional investors) in the dynamics of the markets of Russian and Brazil is established. We demonstrate that for Russia and Brazil sources of foreign portfolio investments coincide. This includes Anglo-Saxon centers, specifically the US and British offshore jurisdictions, and the global centers of secondary importance (the Netherlands and Luxembourg). The decision making models of global investors in Russian and Brazil are examined: stock prices are driven by the oil prices, and in part by the US stock market, and rouble and real exchange rates follows oil prices and the EUR-USD currency pair. Analysis and conclusions made in the article are supported by a significant volume of statistical modelling.

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Pignon, Baptiste, Franck Schürhoff, Jean-Romain Richard, Aziz Ferchiou, and Andreï Szöke. "M133. DISCRIMINATION PHENOMENA AND THE LEVEL OF SCHIZOTYPY." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.445.

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Abstract Background Several have suggested a link between discrimination phenomena and psychotic disorders. Since this is a potentially modifiable factor, it seems important to clarify the links between discrimination and psychotic disorders. In the hypothesis of the psychotic continuum, schizotypal features in the general population are intermediate phenotypes in schizophrenia studies. In this study, the aim was to study the links between discrimination and level of schizotypy in the general population. We assumed that exposure to discrimination experiences is associated with increased levels of schizotypy. Methods Subjects from the general population (N = 1456), without psychotic disorders, were recruited in 17 cities and 6 countries (Brazil, Spain, France, Holland, Italy, UK). Each subject completed the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), a autoquestionaire considered to assess the level of psychometric schizotypy (with positive, negative and depressive dimensions) and the 20-item Perceived Discrimination Scale developed by Williams et al. Linear regression analyzes were used with discrimination as an explanatory variable and CAPE scores as variables to be explained. Results We show that an increase in the perceived discrimination score was associated with significantly higher levels of schizotypy, in the positive (p = 1.7.10-10), negative (p = 3.4.10-10) and the depressed dimensions (p = 2.1.10-10). In more than half of the subjects who reported discrimination experiences, the reason for the discrimination invoked was not one of the reasons given. Ethnicity remains, however, a major cause of reported discrimination. Discussion The stress-vulnerability model could explain the link between discrimination and schizotypy, though dysregulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis and cortisol secretion in subjects with schizotypy, preventing them from responding adaptively to social stress. Psychological and social factors also seem to play a role in stress management.

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Bolzan, Maurício J. A., Clezio M. Denardini, and Alexandre Tardelli. "Comparison of <i>H</i> component geomagnetic field time series obtained at different sites over South America." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 3 (June 26, 2018): 937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-937-2018.

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Abstract. The geomagnetic field in the Brazilian sector is influenced by the South American Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) that causes a decrease in the magnitude of the local geomagnetic field when compared to other regions in the world. Thus, the magnetometer network and data set of space weather over Brazil led by Embrace are important tools for promoting the understanding of geomagnetic fields over Brazil. In this sense, in this work we used the H component of geomagnetic fields obtained at different sites in South America in order to compare results from the phase coherence obtained from wavelet transform (WT). Results from comparison between Cachoeira Paulista (CXP) and Eusébio (EUS), and Cachoeira Paulista and São Luis (SLZ), indicated that there exist some phenomena that occur simultaneously in both locations, putting them in the same phase coherence. However, there are other phenomena putting both locations in a strong phase difference as observed between CXP and Rio Grande, Argentina (RGA). This study was done for a specific moderate geomagnetic storm that occurred in March 2003. The results are explained in terms of nonlinear interaction between physical phenomena acting in distinct geographic locations and at different times and scales. Keywords. Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism (time variations – diurnal to secular)

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SAITOH, Osamu, Akio SUZUMURA, and Hirotaka OGAWA. "Study on Bonding of Ruby to Metals(Report 3). Discoloration Phenomenon of Brazed Surface by Active Metal Brazing Fillers and Its Control." QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 17, no. 1 (1999): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.17.41.

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Pobol, Igor L., Alexey A. Shipko, and Irina G. Nesteruk. "Investigation of contact phenomena at cubic boron nitride-filler metal interface during electron beam brazing." Diamond and Related Materials 6, no. 8 (May 1997): 1067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-9635(97)00002-2.

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28

Sá, Katia Nunes, Gabriel Venas, Mayara Pinheiro de Souza, Daniel Ciampi de Andrade, and Abrahão Fontes Baptista. "Brazilian research on noninvasive brain stimulation applied to health conditions." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 79, no. 11 (November 2021): 974–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0480.

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ABSTRACT Background: Brazil has a top position regarding scientific production on noninvasive neuromodulation worldwide. Knowledge of scientometric phenomena involving Brazilian researchers who produce science on this theme may aid confidence in Brazilian clinical and research professionals. Objective: To investigate the scenario of research on the theme of noninvasive neuromodulation in Brazil. Methods: This was a scientometric study for mapping scientific production on this subject involving network phenomena, the professions of researchers, institutional affiliation, main research unit, total number of scientific articles on noninvasive neuromodulation published in journals, research sub-area and year of obtaining the PhD title. Public data from Lattes Platform curricula vitae and from VOSViewer© were used. Results: A total of 54 Brazilian researchers were identified, of whom 16 are research productivity fellows. Most of them are linked to institutions in southeastern Brazil, involving the professions of biology, biochemistry, physical education, physiotherapy, speech therapy, gerontology, medicine and psychology, with 1175 articles published in journals. These studies involve experimental animal and human models to account for mechanisms, observational studies, case reports, randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, product and process development, computer modeling and guidelines. Conclusions: Brazil occupies a prominent place in the world scenario of research on noninvasive neuromodulation, which is used by different professions for treatment of brain dysfunctions, with a trend towards expansion to other fields.

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Rozzykin, A. Z., B. Dermawan, and S. Viridi. "Modelling Brazil Nut Effect Phenomenon of Boulders on Asteroid Surface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1245 (August 2019): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1245/1/012021.

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YU, Wei-yuan, Tian-yu ZHANG, Yu WANG, Meng-zhao GAO, Jiang-xu SHANG, Ze-hua YAN, Wei-jie WU, and Qiao-li LIN. "Formation and elimination of burst phenomenon in ultrasonic-assisted resistance brazing." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 29, no. 3 (March 2019): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(19)64957-5.

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Knight, David Marcus. "Travels and science in Brazil." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 8, suppl (2001): 809–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702001000500001.

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Bearing in mind the distinction between the universally-curious explorer and the scientist with a theory to test, we shall ask three questions as we look at scientific travellers coming to Brazil in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. These questions are: Why did they come? What did they notice? and What were the consequences of their work? In the early days, visitors were chiefly impelled by curiosity about the world and especially by the tropical abundance of Brazil. In the nineteenth century, naturalists arrived with theories to test and noticed unexpected phenomena, such as the mimicry among butterflies on the Amazon. Colonial authorities were suspicious of visitors, who might find out too much and try to seize the products of Brazil for themselves. Besides, economically-oriented botanists were also becoming interested in Brazilian rubber and the possibility of cultivating it elsewhere. Perhaps colonial officials were wise to be suspicious.

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Diehl, Alessandra, Denise Leite Vieira, Marina Milograna Zaneti, Ana Fanganiello, Pratap Sharan, Rebecca Robles, and Jair de Jesus Mari. "Social stigma, legal and public health barriers faced by the third gender phenomena in Brazil, India and Mexico: Travestis, hijras and muxes." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 63, no. 5 (May 29, 2017): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764017706989.

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Aim and Methods: The aim of this article is to provide a narrative literature review of the ‘third gender’ phenomenon in Brazil ( Travestis), India ( Hijras) and Mexico ( Muxes), considering the social stigma, the legal and health aspects of these identities. Results: These three groups share similar experiences of stigmatisation, marginalisation, sexual abuse, HIV infection, infringement of civil rights and harassment accessing health services. Brazil, India and Mexico public services for the third gender conditions are still very scarce and inadequate for the heavy demand from potential users. Discussion and Conclusion: Although all three countries have used legislation to promote provision of comprehensive healthcare services for third gender, there is still strong resistance to implementation of such laws and policies. Brazil, India and Mexico face a huge challenge to become countries where all human rights are respected.

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Passerone, Alberto, Fabrizio Valenza, and Maria Luigia Muolo. "High Temperature Solid-Liquid Interactions in Metal-Ceramic Brazing: A Critical Review." Materials Science Forum 884 (January 2017): 132–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.884.132.

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Solid-liquid interactions in metal-ceramic systems are extremely important in high temperature brazing processes. These interfacial phenomena are reviewed here, from both the thermodynamic and microstructural viewpoints. At high temperature, the wetting characteristics and the adhesion properties of the joints are strongly related to the high atomic mobility of the different phases, giving rise to different phenomena, ranging from the dissolution of the ceramic in the liquid phase, reactions, formation of new phases and reprecipitation at the solid-liquid interface. The role phase diagrams in guiding the choice of the filler alloys composition and to optimize the brazing procedures is emphasized. In particular, it is shown that the computation of new diagrams and the critical use of the existing ones is essential to understand how to suppress the substrate dissolution and to interpret the evolution of the system. Experimental data are presented and discussed concerning the interactions between liquid metals with early-transition-metal diborides (TiB2, ZrB2, HfB2) as a typical example involving the joining of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs). Overall, these studies represent the basic step linking the chemical and structural information to the design of industrial processes involving a liquid phase at high temperature, such as the production of metal-ceramic joints or composite materials to be used in highly demanding applications.

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Stefanello, Michel, Ernani de Lima Nascimento, Cinara Ewerling da Rosa, Gervasio Degrazia, Luca Mortarini, and Daniela Cava. "A Micrometeorological Analysis of the Vento Norte Phenomenon in Southern Brazil." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 176, no. 3 (July 14, 2020): 415–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-020-00540-x.

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Figueroa, M. G., M. C. Mariani, and M. B. Ferraro. "The Effects of the Asian Crisis of 1997 on Emergent Markets Through a Critical Phenomena Model." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 06, no. 06 (September 2003): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024903002110.

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In the present work we have analyzed the financial Asian crisis of 1997, and its consequences on emerging markets. We have done so by means of a phase transition model originally presented by A. Johansen and D. Sornette [1].We have analyzed the crashes on leading indices of Hong Kong (HSI), Turkey (XU100), Mexico (MMX), Brazil (Bovespa) and Argentina (Merval).With the exception of Argentina's index, we were able to obtain optimum values for the critical date, corresponding to the most probable date of the crash.

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Ermansyah. "Menilik Kemajuan Ekonomi Brazil Tahun 2000-2010." Jurnal Khazanah Ulum Ekonomi Syariah (JKUES) 2, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56184/jkues.v2i1.10.

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This research aims to analysis Brazil’s economic development and its factors during 2000 to 2010 periods. Since countries in Latin America got revolution from new left wings included Brazil, after several turbulent decades the political and economy become stable and grow. Particularly in Brazil, in economy sector there was sustained growth and make Brazil’s economy as the largest in South America, added by good governance and good leadership from last three presidents there was Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff (elected in general election in October 2010). As the evidence is Brazil’s economy resist from global crisis in 2007 to 2008. The conclusion regarding Brazil phenomena as the positive path, where leadership, good governance, foreign factors and political situation influence each other to build a good economy stability.

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Wachs, Priscila, Tarcisio Abreu Saurin, Angela Weber Righi, and Robert Lewis Wears. "Resilience skills as emergent phenomena: A study of emergency departments in Brazil and the United States." Applied Ergonomics 56 (September 2016): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.02.012.

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Rodrigues, Luis Ricardo Lage, Natalia Fedorova, and Vladimir Levit. "Adverse meteorological phenomena associated with low-level baric troughs in the Alagoas State, Brazil, in 2003." Atmospheric Science Letters 11, no. 3 (August 19, 2010): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asl.273.

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Sacco Studnicka, Andrea Cirineo. "Corruption and Human Trafficking in Brazil: Findings from a Multi-Modal Approach." European Journal of Criminology 7, no. 1 (January 2010): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370809347925.

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Because both corruption and trafficking are very complex phenomena, a multivariate approach was used to analyse the relationship between corruption and trafficking. The results of the analysis show that, in Brazil, corruption is a causal factor in human trafficking. The paper offers a number of suggestions to help researchers and policy makers better understand where, how and when corruption facilitates trafficking in human beings in order to combat both crimes more effectively.

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Dalmolin, Graziele de Lima, Valéria Lerch Lunardi, Guilherme Lerch Lunardi, Edison Luiz Devos Barlem, and Rosemary Silva da Silveira. "Moral distress and Burnout syndrome: are there relationships between these phenomena in nursing workers?" Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, no. 1 (January 2014): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3102.2393.

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OBJECTIVE: to identify relationships between moral distress and Burnout in the professional performance from the perceptions of the experiences of nursing workers. METHODS: this is a survey type study with 375 nursing workers working in three different hospitals of southern Rio Grande do Sul, with the application of adaptations of the Moral Distress Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory, validated and standardized for use in Brazil. Data validation occurred through factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. For the data analysis bivariate analysis using Pearson's correlation and multivariate analysis using multiple regression were performed. RESULTS: the existence of a weak correlation between moral distress and Burnout was verified. A possible positive correlation between Burnout and therapeutic obstinacy, and a negative correlation between professional fulfillment and moral distress were identified. CONCLUSION: the need was identified for further studies that include mediating and moderating variables that may explain more clearly the models studied.

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Roniger, Luis. "Caciquismo and Coronelismo: Contextual Dimensions of Patron Brokerage in Mexico and Brazil." Latin American Research Review 22, no. 2 (1987): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100022056.

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The Latin American middlemen known as caciques in Mexico and coronéis in Brazil are one of the most widespread sociopolitical features of Mexico and Brazil in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The pervasive institutional arrangements established by such political entrepreneurs at local and regional levels, within the framework of the most “center-dominant” polities of Latin America, are well documented in the literature. In this case, pervasiveness does not imply mere continuity. As changes in structure, meanings, and significance have occurred with the passing of time, the phenomena termed caciquismo and coronelismo have undergone social and semantic transformation. It would therefore be useful to begin by reviewing these historical metamorphoses.

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Araújo, Adriana S. F., Izabella C. R. P. Valadão, José A. Castro, Alexandre J. Silva, and Elizabeth Ritter. "Kinetic Mass Transfer Model for Contaminant Migration in Soils." Soils and Rocks 34, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.342101.

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This work studied the transport phenomena in the soil of the Gramacho MSW landfill located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A model was proposed to determine the mass transfer rate of the leachate contaminant ions to the soil particles. Previous researchers have focused on the diffusion and sorption phenomena using simple relations that do not completely explain the data of overall mass transfer obtained by laboratory experiments. Thus, this work proposes a modified rate equation implemented into MPHMTP software that takes into account the combined mechanisms of advection and diffusion in the leachate and sorption at the particle surface followed by diffusion in the interior of the soil particle. The model predictions were compared with laboratory-measured data and presented better agreement compared to those obtained using the commercial POLLUTE software.

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Garcia-Arias, Jorge, Alan Cibils, Agostina Costantino, Vitor B. Fernandes, and Eduardo Fernández-Huerga. "When Land Meets Finance in Latin America: Some Intersections between Financialization and Land Grabbing in Argentina and Brazil." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 8084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148084.

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Financialization is one of the most relevant processes embedded in the functioning and evolution of the contemporary capitalist model and presents differential characteristics in the peripheral economies of the world-system. In turn, land grabbing is also one of the most relevant phenomena taking place in the field of farmland and land use, with particular significance also within the Global South. After presenting an in-depth analysis of both phenomena for Latin America, we specifically study the case of the two Latin American countries (Argentina and Brazil) where land grabbing has a greater qualitative and quantitative importance. In our article, we analyze the main interrelationships between both processes and show how financialization has played a fundamental role (together with the policies designed and the de-regulations implemented by respective states, and the participation of other domestic actors) in the land grabbing process in both countries.

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Haddad Junior, Vidal, Fábio Lang da Silveira, and Álvaro Esteves Migotto. "Skin lesions in envenoming by cnidarians (Portuguese man-of-war and jellyfish): etiology and severity of accidents on the Brazilian coast." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 52, no. 1 (February 2010): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652010000100008.

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This work attempts to establish dermatological identification patterns for Brazilian cnidarian species and a probable correlation with envenoming severity. In an observational prospective study, one hundred and twenty-eight patients from the North Coast region of São Paulo State, Brazil were seen between 2002 and 2008. About 80% of these showed only local effects (erythema, edema, and pain) with small, less than 20 cm, oval or round skin marks and impressions from small tentacles. Approximately 20% of the victims had long, more than 20 cm, linear and crossed marks with frequent systemic phenomena, such as malaise, vomiting, dyspnea, and tachycardia. The former is compatible with the common hydromedusa from Southeast and Southern Brazil (Olindias sambaquiensis). The long linear marks with intense pain and systemic phenomena are compatible with envenoming by the box jellyfish Tamoya haplonema and Chiropsalmus quadrumanus and the hydrozoan Portuguese man-of-war (Physalis physalis). There was an association between skin marks and probable accident etiology. This simple observation rule can be indicative of severity, as the Cubozoa Class (box jellyfish) and Portuguese man-of-war cause the most severe accidents. In such cases, medical attention, including intensive care, is important, as the systemic manifestations can be associated with death.

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Kobiyama, Masato, Gean Paulo Michel, Elisiele Cardozo Engster, and Maurício Andrades Paixão. "Historical analyses of debris flow disaster occurrences and of their scientific investigation in Brazil." Labor e Engenho 9, no. 4 (December 24, 2015): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/lobore.v9i4.8639477.

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Considering the debris flow as highly-destructive flow of water and sediment mixture in a way where it is a gravity-governed continuous flow, the present paper conducted a Web survey of technical-scientific studies that treated these phenomena which occurred in Brazil during the period 1900-2014. Although the increase of occurrence from the 1990s caused the increase in the number of publication, there are still a small number of publications, especially in scientific journals. A historical analysis about Brazilian studies demonstrates an actual situation in Brazil and confirms various necessary and urgent actions. Among them, the more important actions are: (1) establishment of terminology and concept about debris flow in Brazil; (2) systematization of hydrometeorological monitoring and topographic survey; (3) registration of occurrences and data-base construction; and (4) development of woody debris flow researches.

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Okuneva, L. S. "Brazil-Russia: similarities, parallels, differences. Paradoxes of the phenomenon of transition 68." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 3 (September 28, 2015): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2015-3-68-90.

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In the article are considered criteria and possibilities of comparative analysis of the processes of political modernization of Brazil and Russia that unfolded there at the turn of the 1980s-1990s. The article deals with the features of the formation of civil society and political culture on the stage of a radical transformation of political structures in both countries (party system, the role of political leadership, etc.). Also the article investigates character of the differences in the development of the both countries at the beginning of the XXI century.

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Rahmadhan Putra, Muhammad Iqbal, Aufa Rudiawan, Wahyuni Andariwulan, Rubén García Berasategui, and Sparisoma Viridi. "Network Analysis of The Brazil Nut Effect Phenomenon with a Single Intruder." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 546 (June 26, 2019): 052057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/546/5/052057.

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Lecoq, M., and I. Pierozzi. "Rhammatocerus schistocercoides locust outbreaks in Mato Grosso (Brazil): A long-standing phenomenon." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 2, no. 1 (March 1995): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509509469888.

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Mello, Gustavo, Henrique Braga, and Mauricio de Souza Sabadini. "Capital accumulation, crisis, and labor market in modern Brazil." Revista Katálysis 22, no. 1 (April 2019): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-02592019v22n1p15.

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Abstract This article presents the recent changes in the Brazilian labor market, resulting from the recessionary dynamics of the world capitalist economy of the last decades manifested since the 2007-2008 crisis. It observes the insertion of Brazil in the global capitalist economy and the foundations supporting the processes of reproduction of capital, analyzing some indicators of the labor market related to the labor-power employment, wage, rates of formalization and turnover, in light of central tendencies and determinations of today’s process of expanded reproduction of capital. The study contributes to clarify phenomena such as the tendency to identify formal and informal work, the reconstitution of the industrial reserve army, wage repression and intensification of labor, which are promoted by the ongoing “reforms” in Brazil.

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Meira, Fabio Bittencourt. "Liminal organization: Organizational emergence within solidary economy in Brazil." Organization 21, no. 5 (August 20, 2014): 713–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508414537621.

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This article synthesizes the results of a research on the emergence of organizational forms within solidary economy in Brazil. Discussion on solidary economy highlights the problem of how to apprehend its typical interstitial organizing phenomena. The response is given with the aid of Victor Turner’s anthropological concepts ‘liminality’ and ‘communitas’—or ‘anti-structure’—which define the ontology of social interstices. After contextualization to contemporary capitalism and to the field of organizational studies, a new approach to the solidary economy organizing process is proposed through the theoretical construct called liminal organization. The analytical framework is applied in a case study of a company taken over by workers. Empirical evidence shows that liminal organizations live in contradiction as organizing processes in which structure and anti-structure are permanently tensioned.

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