Journal articles on the topic 'Braun Co'

1 lipca 1926 r. „Ekspress Wieczorny Ilustrowany” rozpoczął druk powieści odcinkowej Jana Teodora Grzechoty Białe niewolnice. Dwanaście dni później gazeta opublikowała artykuł, w którym poinformowała, że druk powieści został wstrzymany, ponieważ praca okazała się plagiatem powieści skandynawskiej pisarki Elizabeth Schoyen pod tym samym tytułem. Pod pseudonimem Jan Teodor Grzechota krył się znany łódzki poeta Mieczysław Braun (Aleksander Mieczysław Bronsztejn). Podstawą plagiatu była niezwykle popularna powieść, której liczne tłumaczenia na język polski ukazywały się kilkakrotnie w latach 20. i 30. XX wieku w odrębnych wydaniach książkowych. O popularności motywu handlu ludźmi może świadczyć fakt, że motyw ten był wówczas wielokrotnie wykorzystywany także przez polską i europejską kinematografię i teatr. Wnikliwa analiza obu utworów pokazuje, że Braun niemal dokładnie skopiował treść powieści Shonyena – fabułę, postacie, detale. Pisarz dodał kilka początkowych epizodów powieści, aby osadzić akcję w łódzkiej rzeczywistości, co było jednym z wyznaczników poetyki powieści odcinkowej. Prawdopodobnie jedyną karą, jaką poniósł Braun, była publiczna krytyka jego haniebnego czynu, ponieważ nie obowiązywały jeszcze wówczas przepisy dotyczące praw autorskich.

Purpose This study aims to explore and describe staff working in a Norwegian supportive housing site’s experiences with promoting social community participation for residents with co-occurring problems. The research question addressed was: how does residential support staff experience promoting social community participation for residents with co-occurring problems? Design/methodology/approach Nine residential support staff participated in qualitative interviews. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analysed using Braun and Clarke's approach to thematic analysis. Findings The analysis process resulted in two themes: “It is all about economics” and “Who will pay for it?” Practical implications Regarding the Nordic welfare system, the need for a redistribution of financial resources in health services is discussed. The authors recommend that further studies explore people outside the regular health-care system perspectives on how they can contribute to making community inclusion a reality for persons experiencing co-occurring problems. Originality This study provides a nuanced understanding of how financial resources can impede or support efforts and opportunities to promote community inclusion for residents experiencing co-occurring problems.

The Williamsonia plant, belonging to the order Bennettitales, consists of stem -Bucklandia Presl, leaf-Ptilophyllum Morris, male flower- Weltrichia Braun and female flower- Williamsonia Carruthers. This plant was perhaps a small, much branched woody tree of xerophytic environment. It co-existed alongwith extremely variable and rich flora including highly diversified plant groups from algae to gymnosperms. In India, it appeared during the marine Jurassic, proliferated and widely distributed in the Lower Cretaceous and disappeared from the vegetational scenario of Upper Cretaceous Period with the advent of angiosperms.

System klasyfikacji wiekowej jest jednym ze sposobów ochrony małoletnich widzów przed nieadekwatnymi do ich wieku treściami, ale bardzo często przekłada się też na wyniki frekwencyjne filmów. Autor zwraca uwagę na ten drugi aspekt, a co za tym idzie – stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy klasyfikacja wiekowa wpływała na wyniki frekwencyjne w kinach w ostatniej dekadzie PRL. W pierwszej części artykułu opisuje problemy metodologiczne związane z badaniami frekwencji i kategorii wiekowych, a następnie wskazuje najważniejsze zależności między kategoriami wiekowymi a liczbą widzów kinowych. Uwagi te zostają uzupełnione o analizę jakościową, opartą na rozmaitych paratekstach (np. anonse reklamowe, plakaty, listy do redakcji czasopism oraz skargi do instytucji zajmujących się rozpowszechnianiem) odnoszących się do filmów takich jak: Wejście Smoka (Enter the Dragon, reż. Robert Clouse, 1973), Czułe miejsca (reż. Piotr Andrejew, 1980), Małżeństwo Marii Braun (Die Ehe der Maria Braun, reż. Rainer Werner Fassbinder, 1979), Alabama (reż. Ryszard Rydzewski, 1984), Karate po polsku (reż. Wojciech Wójcik, 1983), Magiczne ognie (reż. Janusz Kidawa, 1983) czy Betty Blue (37°2 le matin, reż. Jean-Jacques Beineix, 1986).

Purpose Recovery Colleges could deliver many of the defined key outcomes within the Cross Governmental Mental Health Outcomes Framework “no health without mental health” (Department of Health, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to critically appraise the existing evidence of recovery educational programmes in mental health and gain a deeper understanding of the processes and outcomes involved. Design/methodology/approach A broad search strategy looking at recovery educational programmes in mental health was used. The data were gathered from two focus groups each containing five people, one with facilitators and one with students. Thematic analysis was used, following the six stages, recursive process recommended by Braun and Clarke (2006). Findings The main processes described in recovery programmes were co-production and education. The main outcomes were that recovery programmes led to a reduction in the use of health services, increased opportunities for future employment and a positive impact on staff. The process themes that appeared to emerge were the College ethos and principles, co-production, safety, empowerment and stimulation. The outcome themes that appeared to emerge included increased confidence, motivation and social interaction. Originality/value Recovery Colleges appear to benefit both facilitators and students by co-production of a safe, stimulating environment which empowers them: participating in the college benefits facilitators as well as students. This paper is of value to those interested in recovery and education within mental health.

Mathematical methods of uniformity analysis were used to evaluate the results of classification of plant communities by the Braun-Blanquet method. This was done by both the freguency analysis method traditionally used in phytosociology and by the verification of the null hypothesis on the independent occurrence of species. The results obtained confirmed the validity of the following assumptions: 1) the number of high frequency species rises along with the decreasing rank of the syntaxon and 2) the proportion of species occurring interdependently (showing a positive or negative correlation) decreases.

Przez wiele wieków w Kościele rzymskokatolickim wypowiadano się na temat paliusza i jego pochodzenia. W artykule w sposób chronologiczny zostali przedstawieni autorzy: P. de Marca, G. Moroni Romano, F. Vespasiani, R. Garrucci, Ch. de Rohault de Fleury, G. Morin, L. Duchesne, J. Wilpert, H. Grisar, A. J. Nowowiejski, J. Baudot, J. Braun, H. Leclercq, M. Righetti, R. Lesage, B. Neunheuser, J. Lewandowicz, S. Piccolo Paci, którzy analizowali proweniencję rzymskiego paliusza. Badania nad tą rzymską szatą-insygnium, tak bardzo intensywne w drugiej połowie XIX wieku i na początku XX wieku, nie wypracowały co do niego jednej teorii możliwej do zaakceptowania jako consensusśrodowiska naukowego. Hipoteza mówiąca, jakoby paliusz pochodził od płaszcza św. Piotra, jest gremialnie odrzucana. Świadectwo konstantyńskiej donacji również jest negowane. Natomiast pozostałe teorie wydają się mniej lub bardziej prawdopodobne, ale to nie znaczy, że są przekonujące. Brak źródeł historycznych odczytanych w sposób krytycznie jednoznaczny sprawia, że wszystkie teorie mają jakieś braki.

We propose an equation to evaluate the efficiency of a classification as a function of the effort required and the population size of data collectors. The formula postulates a “classification efficiency coefficient”, which relates not only to the complexity of the object to be classified, but also to the data availability and representativeness. When applied to the classification of phytocoenoses, the equation suggests that a classification system based on vascular plants offers the best compromise between sampling effort, resolution power and data availability. We discuss the possibility of basing a vegetation classification on plot records for all macroscopic photoautotrophic organisms co-occurring in the vertical projection of a given ground area, as recently suggested by some authors. We argue that the inclusion of cryptogams in the description of phytocoenoses dominated by vascular plants should rely on a synusial approach, conceived as complementary to the traditional Braun-Blanquet approach. Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al (2016).

A novel assay for cytochrome P-450-dependent 14 alpha-sterol demethylase of the important opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, is described. The enzyme was assayed in microsomal preparations (microsomes) by measuring the incorporation of [14C]lanosterol into (4,14)-desmethylated sterols. The efficacy of different cell-breakage methods was compared; desmethylated-sterol biosynthesis was maximal when cells were broken with a Braun disintegrator. The solubilization of [14C]lanosterol with detergent in the assay system was essential for enzyme activity, which was enhanced considerably when microsomes were gassed with O2. Under these conditions, there was a reciprocal relationship between the amount of radioactivity incorporated into desmethylated sterols and that lost from lanosterol. The major radiolabelled desmethylated sterol was ergosterol. The enzyme had an apparent Km of 52.73 +/- 2.80 microM and an apparent Vmax of 0.84 +/- 0.14 nmol/min per mg of protein (n = 3). Enzyme activity was decreased greatly when microsomes were treated with CO or the triazole antifungal ICI 153066.

Współczesne tendencje kształtowania i rozwoju systemów przyrodniczych miast w myśl zrównoważonego rozwoju związane są ze wskazaniem obszarów pełniących funkcje środowiskotwórcze, zachowaniem łączności między nimi, a następnie powiązaniem ich z regionalnymi, a w dalszej kolejności krajowymi systemami struktur ekologicznych. Tylko takie zabiegi pozwolą na zachowanie stabilności struktur ekologicznych oraz ich zdolności do samoregulacji – co jest bardzo istotne dla zazwyczaj dynamicznie zmieniających się warunków w miastach. Artykuł porusza ważny temat zrównoważonego rozwoju systemu przyrodniczego miasta na przykładzie miasta Świdnik, południowo-wschodnia Polska. W kompleksach użytkowania przestrzeni, wykorzystując metodę Braun-Blanqueta z 1964 roku, wykonano 248 spisów florystycznych. Badania wykazały, że największą powierzchnię terenu zajmują zbiorowiska siedlisk synantropijnych (ruderalnych i segetalnych). Największe zróżnicowanie florystyczne i fitosocjologiczne odnotowano w kompleksie przemysłowo-transportowym. Najmniej gatunków pojawia się zaś w kompleksie wielorodzinnym z wielkiej płyty, który stanowi swoistą strefę ubóstwa gatunkowego. Badania wykazały, że obszar Świdnika jest ubogi w cen-ne i rzadkie gatunki roślin, na co istotny wpływ ma przekształcenie środowiska przyrodniczego na korzyść elementów technicznych. Za najcenniejsze uznano płaty fitocenoz z klasy Molinio-Arrhenatheretea i Artemisietea vulgaris, które tworzą barwne kobierce atrakcyjne wizualnie, ale również przyrodniczo – stanowią bazę pożytkową dla zapylaczy. W dalszej kolejności wyniki badań porównano z aktualnie obowiązującymi dokumentami prawa (lokalnego, wojewódzkiego, krajowego). Dyskusja pozwoliła na wskazanie konfliktów w kształtowaniu krajobrazu kulturowego oraz kilku sugestii dotyczących przyszłej strategii wspierania istniejącego heterogeniczne-go systemu ekologicznego miasto.

The research carried out on swamp spruce forests on peatland in Latvia gives a detailed notion of the phytosociological structure of Ass. <i>Sphagno girgensohnii - Piceetum</i> (Br. - BI. 39) Polak. 62 in the western part of the East-European Plain at the Baltic Sea. The paper reflects one of the aspects of swamp forest investigation results in Latvia on forest communities, its biodiversity and presevation. Ninety-one sample plots with <i>Picea abies</i> as the dominant in the tree layer or co-dominant with <i>Betula pendula</i>, <i>Betula pubescens</i> or <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> are described according to phytosociological Braun-Blanquet methodology. Floristic features of spruce communities belonging to <i>Caricoso-phragmitosa</i> and <i>Dryopterioso-cnricosa</i> forest site types are analysed. The results are compared with similar investigations carried out in the Baltic Sea region states and neighbouring countries.

W historii Polski dewiza Wojska Polskiego: „Bóg, Honor, Ojczyzna” miała zastosowanie także w postawie zwykłych obywateli, szczególnie w przypadku osób duchownych, których przynależność do tego stanu nie wykluczała służby w wojsku. Przykładem jest wieś Dąbrówka Wielka, leżąca w granicach Ziemi Babimojskiej, która od zarania dziejów wchodziła w skład terytorium państwa polskiego. W II połowie XIX w. wzmogła się akcja kolonizacyjna Prus, a próba germanizacji Ziemi Babimojskiej przeobraziła sięw otwartą walkę o ziemię. W 1919 r. Babimojszczyznę ogarnęła fala powstania wielkopolskiego. Niestety, w wyniku postanowień traktatu wersalskiego tereny te pozostały w granicach ówczesnych Niemiec. W okresie międzywojennym ludność Babimojszczyzny nie zaprzestała oporu, za co w latach wojny płaciła przelaną krwią i męczeństwem. Po II wojnie światowej Ziemia Babimojska powróciła w granice państwa polskiego. Wielki wkład w dziele obrony polskiej tożsamości narodowej mieli księża pracujący w parafii Dąbrówka Wielka: ks. Józef Braun (1898–1923), ks. Leona Binder (1923–1952) i ks. Bernard Witucki (1952–1969). Ważną rolę odegrali także księża niemieccy, zastępujący ks. Bindera w czasie II wojny światowej, gdy ten przebywał w obozie koncentracyjnym. Ks. Leon Koplin i ks. Klemens Weilandt potrafili stanąć ponad podziałami narodowościowymi, będąc dobrymi pasterzami dla polskiej ludności w Dąbrówce Wlkp.

As this issue goes to press, the GDR has just been united with its western neighbour in circumstances which, just a year previously, would have seemed almost as improbable as when Bertolt Brecht and Helene Weigel returned after the war to create the Berliner Ensemble. Käthe Rülicke-Weiler joined their dramaturgical team in 1951, and witnessed from the inside the attempt to build Brecht's ideal of a socialist theatre. Here, she talks with Matthias Braun about the personal, social, and political background to the Ensemble – which, although under the artistic direction of Brecht himself, was managed by Weigel, who was thus in the position of preventing herself from becoming a conventional ‘star’ performer. As well as dealing with the nature of Weigel's acting – and of her administrative skills – the interview assesses the contributions of Brecht's other co-workers, his own techniques as a director, and the factors (including touring under difficult post-war conditions) which led to the Ensemble's recognition as a major international company. This interview was first published in 1985 in Theater der Zeit, by whose kind permission it is here translated.

Introduction This qualitative research explores the experience of partner caregivers and how their partner’s dementia impacts on their daily living and occupational lives, with the aim of informing the sustainability of homecare and decreasing the likelihood of formal care. Method Ten participants were recruited through Alzheimer’s Society groups. They were interviewed using the same semi-structured interview process and asked questions about their daily activities and caregiving role. The data was analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis process and themes generated using inductive coding and reasoning. Findings Three main themes were identified: (1) losing occupational activities and roles; (2) adapting to a new occupational life and (3) adjusting to a new relationship in the trajectory of their partner’s illness. Conclusion This study highlights the complex occupational challenges experienced by partner caregivers of people with dementia. It suggests that there is a role for occupational therapists in sustaining homecare by working with partner caregivers as ‘expert service users’. Involvement should be provided at critical points of the caregiving journey and include co-creating technology solutions for social inclusion, sustaining adaptive engagement in personal occupations, creating opportunities for restoration and supporting caregivers to preserve their partner’s personhood.

In Ireland interdisciplinary healthcare teams have been recognised as a key component of integrated care and research recognises importance of teamwork for patient care and safety (Leonard, 2004; Manser, 2009; Forse et al., 2011; Sacks et al., 2015). Within rehabilitation care, teamwork is essential in addressing complex health challenges such as chronic impairments, co-morbidities and more complex problems (Ouwens et al., 2005; Wade, 2015). Yet research on teamwork in non-acute settings is far behind that of acute settings (Miller et al., 2018). In rehabilitation, healthcare teams naturally include a wide range of professions, from multiple disciplines (Wade, 2016), often in a multidisciplinary approach with different professions focused on different goals (Koroner, 2010). Little is known about how rehabilitation teams can optimise communication, work together to create common goals and effectively function as an interdisciplinary team. The complexity of creating this type of change and shifting to new models of teamwork is captured in this study, which details the efforts of a self-organised “grassroots” group of healthcare professionals who created and implemented an interdisciplinary teams framework within a national rehabilitation hospital. A focus group was utilised to capture the shared lived experience of the participants and thematic analysis with a critical approach (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was selected as an appropriate method for the purposes of constructing latent themes around key challenges and perceived barriers to change. Participants described resistance to shifting to an IDT model of care as stemming from cultural issues of hierarchy, power and control, disciplinary loyalty and identity. Key learnings are drawn from these experiences to form recommendations for organisational efforts to shift to interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary ways of working. This study is part of a larger action research project, and embedded academic researchers worked collaboratively with the participants as co-researchers to design this study and others focused on teamwork. The co-research team deemed this study’s topic a priority due to its potential significance for other healthcare professionals seeking to create change and collaborative working in their organisations.

<p>The paper examines the relationships between the species composition of flower visitors and plants in the semi-natural xerothermic grasslands in southern and central Poland. Thirty 10 × 10 m permanent plots were laid out in total, mainly in nature reserves. The vegetation units studied were classified according to the Braun-Blanquet system; these were phytocoenoses of the <em>Festuco-Brometea</em> classes <em>Inuletum ensifoliae</em>, <em>Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati</em> and the transitional plant community. Entomological research was performed using the Pollard method within the same plots. A particular site was visited only once and different sites were studied between April and August 2008. We applied, among others, co-correspondence-analysis Co-CA, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) to investigate the co-occurrence patterns of plants and flower visitors and their biotopic requirements. We found that the species composition of flower visitors cannot be predicted by floristic composition when the duration of the study is restricted to one day (but under similar weather conditions); however, there is a positive relationship between the species richness of insects and plants and a positive relationship between the number of plant species and the abundance of flower visitors. The Ellenberg moisture index and the cover of meadow species significantly explained the species composition of insects. The three various vegetation units and five dominant xerothermic species, i.e. <em>Adonis vernalis</em>, <em>Anemone sylvestris</em>, <em>Inula ensifolia</em>, <em>Linum hirsutum</em> and <em>Carlina onopordifolia</em> that were studied across time differed in the species richness of insects. Our results demonstrate that possible patterns in the species composition and the assembly rules of flower visitors are not apparent when the Pollard method is applied. Based on the data obtained using this method, the flower visiting assemblages seem not to be driven by competition and they primarily show a tendency to co-occur which can be an artifact. A plant-focused method that included a rarefaction analysis yielded more insightful results and shed more light on the differences between the dominant plants that shape the physiognomy of plant communities in a possible pollination specialization.</p>

Much of the research to characterize the electron at the turn of the century was made by physics professors at Göttingen University in Germany. Their efforts led their student Hans Busch to experiment and later to analyze the focusing action of a magnetic coil. With this he gave birth to the field of electron optics. Little known are either the delays associated with his discovery or the contributions of others in the “Göttingen Electron Group.”In 1881, fifty years before the invention of the electron microscope, Rieke in Göttingen analyzed the constriction of the canal rays in a Crookes tube by a surrounding magnetic coil. Next, in 1897, which was a particularly exciting year in the history of the electron, Braun conceived the cathode ray oscillograph tube - now named for him in Europe - and J. J. Thomson in England made fundamental measurements on the electron. Also that year Wiechert, who must be recognized as co-discoverer of the electron, made similar measurements in Königsberg. After his appointment to Göttingen later in 1897 there followed a decade of intensive experimental research on the e/m ratio and characteristics of the electron by a half-dozen Göttingen physics professors (e.g. desCoudres, Kaufmann, Rieke, Simon, Stark, Wiechert).

AbstractUntil recently, use has been made almost exclusively of text-based concordancers in the analysis of spoken corpora. This article discusses research being carried out on Padua University's Multimedia English Corpus (Padova MEC) using the multimodal concordancer MCA (Multimodal Corpus Authoring System, Baldry, 2005). This highly innovative concordancer enables the retrieval of parts of video and audio from a tagged corpus and access to examples of language in context, thereby providing non-verbal information about the environment, the participants and their moods, details that can be gleaned from a combination of word, sound, image and movement. This is of use to language learners of all levels because if “communication is to be successful, a relevant context has to be constructed by the discourse participants” (Braun, 2005: 52). In other words, transcripts alone are not sufficient if learners are to have anything like participant knowledge and comprehend spoken language. In the article it will be demonstrated how language functions expressed in the multimedia corpus of spoken English are retrieved using MCA. Online learning materials based on the multimodal concordances take into consideration not only language, but also the way in which it co-patterns with other semiotic resources, thereby raising the issue of the importance of learner awareness of the multimodal nature of communication.

Background: Whilst nurses and critical care services have been at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become more apparent that intensive care nurses are presented with challenging ethical and clinical decisions and are required to care for individuals with critical illnesses under high-pressure conditions. This is not a new phenomenon. The aim of this study, which was conducted before the outbreak of COVID-19, was to explore the experience of caring through the narratives of intensive care nurses in Greece. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with nineteen ICU nurses in Athens. Transcripts were subjected to Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis and organised with Atlas.ti v8 QDA software. Results: The intensive care nurses’ experience of caring in Greece encompassed four themes: (A) being “proximal”, “co-present” and caring with empathy, (B) being “responsible” for your patient and negotiating with the doctors, (C) technology and “fighting with all you’ve got”, and (D) “not being kept informed” and disappointment. Conclusions: The narratives of this study highlight that ICU nurses in Greece provide patient-centred and compassionate care. Nurse leaders should develop appropriate healthcare policies so as to ensure the adequate provision of staff, specialist education, and support to nurses working in critical care. Failure to address these issues may lead to poor quality of care and negative patient outcomes.

Concern over evolved resistance to fungicides that are quinone outside inhibitors (QOI), demethylation inhibitors (DMI), and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) and possible restrictions on the use of the multi-site fungicide chlorothalonil for resistance management have increased the need to develop alternatives to current fungicide programs designed to protect peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) from late leaf spot disease [caused by Nothopassalora personata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous]. Research was conducted in North Carolina to determine the effectiveness of copper salts of fatty acid rosins and microionized sulfur in protecting peanut yield from canopy defoliation caused by late leaf spot disease. In one experiment, chlorothalonil was more effective in protecting peanut from leaf spot disease than copper salts of fatty acid rosins when these fungicides were applied five times on 14-day intervals during the cropping cycle when the pathogen was active. Chlorothalonil decreased defoliation caused by late leaf spot disease when co-applied with a diverse fungicide program consisting of prothioconazole plus tebuconazole, azoxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin compared with these fungicides without chlorothalonil. Copper salts of fatty acid rosins did not affect defoliation with the diverse fungicide program. In a second experiment, defoliation was similar when azoxystrobin or prothioconazole plus tebuconazole were applied alone or with microionized sulfur. Microionized sulfur provided similar protection from canopy defoliation compared with the more diverse fungicide programs.

<p>Invasive plants in their new range can differ from their ancestors, including traits ultimately influencing habitat preferences, competitiveness and dispersal ability. In Europe <em>Solidago</em> species are considered as one of the worst invaders of American origin. In this study the frequency of occurrence of <em>Solidago</em> species, their soil preferences and morphological diversity, in Silesia (south-western Poland, Central Europe) were surveyed. On the basis of phytosociological relevés, made using the Braun-Blanquet method, in 75 plots, we determined the composition of species co-occurring with particular <em>Solidago</em> species. The height of ramets, as well as length and width of inflorescences of <em>Solidago</em> species were measured. We also determined the basic soil properties and noted the presence of trees overshading the ground vegetation. The compositional variation of vegetation and its relation to environmental traits: soil properties (texture, pH, percentage of organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium and calcium content) and presence of canopy were analyzed by multivariate ordination methods (CA and CCA). Goldenrod species, in most cases (74.3%) occurred singly, two on one plot – rather rarely (mostly <em>S. canadensis</em> with <em>S. altissima</em>), whereas three <em>Solidago</em> species co-occurred only in three plots. Particular species differed in the height of the plant and inflorescence size, the exception was lack of difference between <em>S. altissima</em> and <em>S. canadensis</em>. <em>S. virgaurea</em> often occurred under trees canopy and the populations were separated from other goldenrod species. The species co-occurring with <em>S. altissima</em> and <em>S. canadensis</em> were the ruderal species, whereas plants from wet meadows occurred in plots with <em>S. gigantea</em>. The distribution of <em>S. graminifolia</em> was very limited, but inside its range it was able to occupy different habitats. The plots, where particular <em>Solidago</em> species occurred, did not differ significantly with respect to soil conditions.</p>

Abstract This study investigated skipped-generation “grandfamily” caregivers’ sources of social support. Skipped-generation “grandfamilies” are defined as families in which grandparents co-reside with and take on parental responsibilities for grandchildren (Shakya, et al., 2012). Nearly 2.6 million U.S. grandparents are responsible for at least one grandchild (Generations United, 2017). How grandparent caregivers seek social support is an important topic of research because social support has the potential to influence health, personal relationships, and sense of self-worth (Burleson, 1990, 2003; Sarason & Sarason, 2009; Vangelisti, 2009). Thus, this exploratory study looked at if, why/why not, and how skipped-generation grandparents seek social support. The study also elaborated upon which types of social support grandparent caregivers described receiving. Interviews were conducted with grandparents (N = 21) who identified as primary caregiver for at least one grandchild. Two independent coders analyzed transcripts, applying Braun and Clarke’s (2006) approach to thematic analysis. Results revealed that several grandparent caregivers report a sense of isolation and do not seek out formalized support structures due to lack of time, sense of connection, or interest. On the other hand, others receive social support formally and informally, via a number of channels including support groups (online and in-person), trained professionals, and friends/family. Following Cutrona and Suhr’s (1992) social support categorization, the results indicate that grandparent caregivers most often seek support falling into categories ranging from informational/advice, emotional, tangible, and networking.

<p>The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of production conditions, as influenced by habitat factors and farming system, on the geographical-historical spectrum of weed flora accompanying cereal crops and selected aspects of its transformations. The study was conducted in the period 2009–2011 in seven field habitats located in the municipality of Słopnice (Beskid Wyspowy Mountains). The study material consisted of 192 phytosociological relevés made using the Braun–Blanquet method in ecological and extensive conventional cereal crops. The obtained results are evidence of the numerical predominance of native species (spontaneophytes) over alien taxa in weed infestation, regardless of conditions. The dominant proportion of synanthropic spontaneophytes (apophytes) in weed infestation of fields proves the leading role of the process of apophytization and thus a small effect of anthropopressure on the status and transformations of the flora. Nevertheless, the alien flora, dominated by archeophytes, confirms the historical continuity of agricultural culture in the study area.</p><p>The parameters describing synanthropic transformations of arable flora, i.e. the anthropophytization, archaeophytization, kenophytization and modernization indices of this flora, do not show any significant differences resulting from production conditions. However, there are reasons that allow us to presume that the directions and intensity of transformations of the segetal flora in the study area are more determined by habitat conditions that ensure the ongoing co-occurrence of different land use forms and plant communities which are important for the maintenance of biological diversity and which strengthen the sustainability of the agricultural environment.</p>.

Abstract Pancreatic duct adenocarcinomas are known for their abundant desmoplastic stroma that acts as a barrier for drug penetration and reduces treatment efficacy. iRGD is a tumor-penetrating peptide that initially targets αv integrins expressed on tumor vasculature with its RGD motif and then is proteolytically processed to expose a CendR motif (R/KXXR/K) that interacts with neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), leading to extravasation. We investigated the mechanism of iRGD tissue penetration and found that iRGD initially targets Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and then spreads to the tumor cells in a time dependent manner. CAF targeting was dependent on integrin β5 expression and CAFs induced upregulation of integrin β5 in the adjacent tumor cells in a TGF- β dependent manner. Drugs conjugated or co-administered with iRGD can penetrate deep into tumor tissue, significantly increasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in a variety of solid tumors. Our recent data shows that KrasLSL-G12D/+ Trp53LSL-R172H/+ Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice treated with iRGD co-administered with Gemcitabine increased survival compared to drug alone. In addition, we are using iRGD to deliver neoantigens to breast and pancreatic cancers to enable immunotherapy. These tumors have a low mutational burden and a very immunosuppressive microenvironment, rendering them resistant to such therapies. We have used iRGD, to deliver the ovalbumin 257-264 (OVAI) peptide to triple negative breast tumors, followed by adoptive T cell transfer of OT1 CD8 T cells, in order to elicit an antitumor immune response. Our preliminary data showed tumor regression in 70%, and complete response in 42% of the mice treated with iRGD plus OVA1. We are now working on adapting this strategy to pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Tatiana Hurtado de Mendoza, Evangeline S. Mose, Gregory P. Botta, Gary B. Braun, Venkata R. Kotamraju, Randall P. French, Kodai Suzuki, Norio Miyamura, Siming Sun, Jay Patel, Tambet Teesalu, Erkki Ruoslahti, Kazuki N. Sugahara, Andrew M. Lowy. iRGD mediated delivery of neoantigens to enable immunotherapy in integrin b5-rich tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 385.

W latach 2010–2013 badano gatunki, które mogą spełniać rolę pionierską w sukcesji naturalnej na złożu wapna poflotacyjnego, którym zapełniono zawodnione niecki osiadania w Kopalni Siarki "Jeziórko". Oceniano również dynamikę zmian gatunkowych zachodzących w kolejnych latach badań. Badania prowadzono na dwóch doświadczeniach. Na pierwszym doświadczeniu założonym w łanie kostrzewy trzcinowej określano skład botaniczny roślin oraz ich skalę pokrycia i towarzyskości wg Braun-Blanqueta, a także przypisanie im wartości fitosocjologicznych celem określenia ich trwałości w runi oraz dynamiki zmian gatunkowych. Na drugim doświadczeniu porośniętym roślinnością zielną i drzewiastą obserwowano zmiany w składzie gatunkowym i liczebności osobników, a szczególnie te, jakie nastąpiły w następstwie pożaru badanych terenów jesienią 2006 roku. Wyniki prowadzonych badań wykazały, że w łanie kostrzewy trzcinowej porastającej wapno poflotacyjne rośnie udział traw: perzu właściwego (Agropyron repens (L.) P.B.), trzcinnika piaskowego (Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth.) i stokłosy miękkiej (Bromus mollis L.), a udział kupkówki pospolitej (Dactylis glomerata L.) maleje. Wzrasta również udział mleczu polnego (Sonchus arvensis L.), fiołka polnego (Viola arvensis Murr.), mniszka pospolitego (Taraxacum officinale Web.) i babki lancetowatej (Plantago lanceolata L.) oraz motylkowatych wieloletnich: koniczyny białej (Trifolium repens L.), koniczyny łąkowej (Trifolium pratense L.) i komonicy rożkowej (Lotus corniculatus L.). Na terenach podlegających sukcesji spontanicznej maleje udział trzcinnika piaskowego, kostrzewy trzcinowej i perzu właściwego na korzyść wielu gatunków roślin dwuliściennych takich jak m.in.: nawłoć kanadyjska (Solidago canadensis L.), nawłoć pospolita (Solidago virga-aurea L.) i nawłoć późna (Solidago serotina Ait.), komonica rożkowa (Lotus corniculus L.) i ostrożeń polny (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.). Wśród drzew dominują gatunki wierzb (Salix sp.) i topól (Populus sp.), maleje natomiast udział światłolubnych brzóz (Betula sp.), a osobniki kilku innych gatunków występują pojedynczo. Co roku wzrasta liczba taksonów roślinności zielnej i liczba osobników wśród gatunków roślinności drzewiastej. Osady ściekowe wprowadzone do bezglebowego złoża zainicjowały życie biologiczne i aktywizowały procesy glebotwórcze, które wraz z porastającą spontanicznie roślinnością wpływają na tworzenie poziomu organiczno-próchnicznego gromadzącego przyswajalne składniki pokarmowe i wodę. Odnotowano zwiększenie zawartości przyswajalnych składników pokarmowych P, K i Mg oraz materii organicznej w złożu pobranym spod roślinności porastającej obydwa doświadczenia oraz niewielkie, ale wyraźne obniżenie pH podłoża zarówno w poziomie organiczno-próchnicznym jak też głębiej, co mogło skutkować zmianami składu gatunkowego roślinności w kolejnych latach badań.

Abstract Background Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide, an orally bioavailable prodrug of tebipenem, is currently in development for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. The spectrum of tebipenem activity against Enterobacterales is consistent with intravenous carbapenems such as ertapenem and meropenem including extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC producing organisms. The goal of these studies was to determine the tebipenem exposure required to prevent on-therapy resistance and to evaluate the tebipenem regimen utilized in the recent Phase 3 clinical trial. Methods Three Escherichia coli clinical isolates (ESBL +, Sequence Type -131) (tebipenem MIC = 0.008 to 0.03 mg/L) were subjected to concentration-time profiles simulating free-drug plasma concentrations after oral administration of tebipenem regimens in a hollow-fiber in vitro infection model. Dose-ranging studies were completed using two isolates at an initial burden of 108 CFU/mL and with exposures for tebipenem regimens ranging from 4.69 to 1200 mg administered every eight hours (q8h). An additional isolate was subjected to only the tebipenem 600 mg q8h regimen evaluated in the Phase 3 trial. Samples were collected for the enumeration of bacterial burdens and evaluation of the simulated pharmacokinetic profile. Each sample for bacterial enumeration was suspended onto drug-free and tebipenem-supplemented agar plates in order to observe the density of the total- and drug-resistant subpopulations over the 10-day period. Results A full dose response, ranging from treatment failure to reductions in bacterial burden from baseline, were observed in the dose-ranging studies for the two E. coli isolates. Tebipenem consistently lowered bacterial burdens below that of the initial inoculum at a dose of 600 mg q8h for all three E. coli isolates. Amplification of resistance was observed intermittently for all regimens, but was never equal to that of the total population at the 600 mg q8h clinical dose. Tebipenem MIC values for isolates collected from the drug-supplemented agar ranged from 0.06 to 0.25 mg/L, representing four two-fold dilutions from baseline. Conclusion These data support the selection of tebipenem dosing regimens that minimize the potential for on-therapy drug-resistance amplification. Disclosures Brian D. VanScoy, B.S., 3-V Biosciences (Grant/Research Support)Achogen (Grant/Research Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Arixa Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Arsanis Inc. (Grant/Research Support)B. Braun Medical Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica (Grant/Research Support)BLC USA (Grant/Research Support)Boston Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Bravos Biosciences, LLC (Grant/Research Support)Cidara Therapeutics Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Cipla, USA (Grant/Research Support)Corcept Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Cumberland Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Debiopharm International SA (Grant/Research Support)Discuva Limited (Grant/Research Support)Emerald Lake Technologies (Grant/Research Support)Enhanced Pharmacodynamics (Grant/Research Support)Entasis Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)E-Scape Bio (Grant/Research Support)Genentech (Grant/Research Support)Geom Therapeutics, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Grant/Research Support)Hoffmann-La Roche (Grant/Research Support)Horizon Orphan LLC (Grant/Research Support)ICPD Biosciences, LLC (Grant/Research Support)Indalo Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Insmed Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics (Employee)Iterum (Grant/Research Support)KBP Biosciences USA (Grant/Research Support)Kyoto Biopharma, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Matinas (Grant/Research Support)Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Melinta Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Menarini Ricerche S.p.A. (Grant/Research Support)Merck & Co., Inc (Grant/Research Support)Mutabilis (Grant/Research Support)Nabriva Therapeutics AG (Grant/Research Support)Naeja-RGM Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Nosopharm SAS (Grant/Research Support)Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. (Grant/Research Support)NuCana Biomed (Grant/Research Support)Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Polyphor, Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Prothena Corporation (Grant/Research Support)PTC Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Rempex Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Roche TCRC (Grant/Research Support)Sagimet (Grant/Research Support)scPharmaceuticals Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Scynexis (Grant/Research Support)Spero Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)TauRx Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Theravance Biopharma Pharmaceutica (Grant/Research Support)USCAST (Grant/Research Support)VenatoRx (Grant/Research Support)Vical Incorporated (Grant/Research Support)Wockhardt Bio AG (Grant/Research Support)Zavante Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Zogenix International (Grant/Research Support) Haley Conde, B.S., 3-V Biosciences (Grant/Research Support)Achogen (Grant/Research Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Arixa Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Arsanis Inc. (Grant/Research Support)B. Braun Medical Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica (Grant/Research Support)BLC USA (Grant/Research Support)Boston Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Bravos Biosciences, LLC (Grant/Research Support)Cidara Therapeutics Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Cipla, USA (Grant/Research Support)Corcept Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Cumberland Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Debiopharm International SA (Grant/Research Support)Discuva Limited (Grant/Research Support)Emerald Lake Technologies (Grant/Research Support)Enhanced Pharmacodynamics (Grant/Research Support)Entasis Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)E-Scape Bio (Grant/Research Support)Genentech (Grant/Research Support)Geom Therapeutics, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Grant/Research Support)Hoffmann-La Roche (Grant/Research Support)Horizon Orphan LLC (Grant/Research Support)ICPD Biosciences, LLC (Grant/Research Support)Indalo Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Insmed Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics (Employee)Iterum (Grant/Research Support)KBP Biosciences USA (Grant/Research Support)Kyoto Biopharma, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Matinas (Grant/Research Support)Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Melinta Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Menarini Ricerche S.p.A. (Grant/Research Support)Merck & Co., Inc (Grant/Research Support)Mutabilis (Grant/Research Support)Nabriva Therapeutics AG (Grant/Research Support)Naeja-RGM Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Nosopharm SAS (Grant/Research Support)Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. (Grant/Research Support)NuCana Biomed (Grant/Research Support)Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Polyphor, Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Prothena Corporation (Grant/Research Support)PTC Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Rempex Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Roche TCRC (Grant/Research Support)Sagimet (Grant/Research Support)scPharmaceuticals Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Scynexis (Grant/Research Support)Spero Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)TauRx Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Theravance Biopharma Pharmaceutica (Grant/Research Support)USCAST (Grant/Research Support)VenatoRx (Grant/Research Support)Vical Incorporated (Grant/Research Support)Wockhardt Bio AG (Grant/Research Support)Zavante Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Zogenix International (Grant/Research Support) Sean Jones, B.S., 3-V Biosciences (Grant/Research Support)Achogen (Grant/Research Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Arixa Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Arsanis Inc. (Grant/Research Support)B. Braun Medical Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica (Grant/Research Support)BLC USA (Grant/Research Support)Boston Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Bravos Biosciences, LLC (Grant/Research Support)Cidara Therapeutics Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Cipla, USA (Grant/Research Support)Corcept Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Cumberland Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Debiopharm International SA (Grant/Research Support)Discuva Limited (Grant/Research Support)Emerald Lake Technologies (Grant/Research Support)Enhanced Pharmacodynamics (Grant/Research Support)Entasis Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)E-Scape Bio (Grant/Research Support)Genentech (Grant/Research Support)Geom Therapeutics, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Grant/Research Support)Hoffmann-La Roche (Grant/Research Support)Horizon Orphan LLC (Grant/Research Support)ICPD Biosciences, LLC (Grant/Research Support)Indalo Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Insmed Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics (Employee)Iterum (Grant/Research Support)KBP Biosciences USA (Grant/Research Support)Kyoto Biopharma, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Matinas (Grant/Research Support)Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Melinta Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Menarini Ricerche S.p.A. (Grant/Research Support)Merck & Co., Inc (Grant/Research Support)Mutabilis (Grant/Research Support)Nabriva Therapeutics AG (Grant/Research Support)Naeja-RGM Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Nosopharm SAS (Grant/Research Support)Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. (Grant/Research Support)NuCana Biomed (Grant/Research Support)Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Polyphor, Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Prothena Corporation (Grant/Research Support)PTC Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Rempex Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Roche TCRC (Grant/Research Support)Sagimet (Grant/Research Support)scPharmaceuticals Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Scynexis (Grant/Research Support)Spero Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)TauRx Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Theravance Biopharma Pharmaceutica (Grant/Research Support)USCAST (Grant/Research Support)VenatoRx (Grant/Research Support)Vical Incorporated (Grant/Research Support)Wockhardt Bio AG (Grant/Research Support)Zavante Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Zogenix International (Grant/Research Support) Ian A. Critchley, Ph.D., Spero Therapeutics (Employee, Shareholder) Thomas R. Parr, Ph.D., Spero Therapeutics (Employee, Shareholder) Nicole Cotroneo, Spero Therapeutics (Employee, Shareholder) Paul G. Ambrose, Pharm.D., FIDSA, 3-V Biosciences (Grant/Research Support)Achogen (Grant/Research Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Arixa Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Arsanis Inc. (Grant/Research Support)B. Braun Medical Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica (Grant/Research Support)BLC USA (Grant/Research Support)Boston Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Bravos Biosciences, LLC (Grant/Research Support, Other Financial or Material Support, member/owner)Cidara Therapeutics Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Cipla, USA (Grant/Research Support)Corcept Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Cumberland Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Debiopharm International SA (Grant/Research Support)Discuva Limited (Research Grant or Support)Emerald Lake Technologies (Grant/Research Support)Enhanced Pharmacodynamics (Grant/Research Support)Entasis Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)E-Scape Bio (Grant/Research Support)Genentech (Grant/Research Support)Geom Therapeutics, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Grant/Research Support)Hoffmann-La Roche (Grant/Research Support)Horizon Orphan LLC (Grant/Research Support)ICPD Biosciences, LLC (Grant/Research Support, Other Financial or Material Support, member/owner)Indalo Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Insmed Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics (Employee)Iterum (Grant/Research Support)KBP Biosciences USA (Grant/Research Support)Kyoto Biopharma, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Matinas (Grant/Research Support)Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Melinta Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Menarini Ricerche S.p.A. (Grant/Research Support)Merck & Co., Inc (Grant/Research Support)Mutabilis (Grant/Research Support)Nabriva Therapeutics AG (Grant/Research Support)Naeja-RGM Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Nosopharm SAS (Grant/Research Support)Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. (Grant/Research Support)NuCana Biomed (Grant/Research Support)Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Polyphor, Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Prothena Corporation (Grant/Research Support)PTC Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Rempex Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Roche TCRC (Grant/Research Support)Sagimet (Grant/Research Support)scPharmaceuticals Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Scynexis (Grant/Research Support)Spero Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)TauRx Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Theravance Biopharma Pharmaceutica (Grant/Research Support)USCAST (Grant/Research Support)VenatoRx (Grant/Research Support)Vical Incorporated (Grant/Research Support)Wockhardt Bio AG (Grant/Research Support)Zavante Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Zogenix International (Grant/Research Support)

Abstract Background Intravenous (IV) to oral (PO) antibiotic step-down therapy has many benefits including reducing the length of hospital stay and lowering the risk of nosocomial infections and overall cost. While fluoroquinolones have been utilized as a step-down therapy for urinary tract infections (UTI) for some time, increases in fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli makes this an increasingly unsuitable option. Tebipenem (TBP) is an orally bioavailable carbapenem administered as a pro-drug (tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide) with broad-spectrum activity that is currently in development for the treatment of patients with complicated UTI. Herein we describe a series of 7-day hollow-fiber in vitro infection model (HFIM) assays designed to evaluate the potential of PO TBP as step-down therapy from IV ertapenem (ETP). Methods A panel of ESBL+ clinical E. coli isolates, selected based upon ETP and TBP MIC values and known resistance profiles, were evaluated at an initial burden of 107 CFU/mL. HFIM, ETP and TBP free-drug concentration-time profiles were simulated in the HFIM to represent those following IV and PO dosing, respectively. Each isolate was challenged in duplicate by ETP administered every 24 hours (q24h) for 1, 3 or 7 days of therapy. TBP 600 mg every 8 hours was simulated as a step-down therapy following either 1 or 3 days of ETP treatment as well as a 7-day monotherapy regimen. All active regimens were compared to a no-treatment control as well as ETP 1g q24h for 1 or 3 days followed by a halting of therapy. Samples were collected for enumeration of bacterial populations and observation of simulated PK profiles throughout. Results Bacteria grew well in the no-treatment control group, reaching densities &gt; 1010 CFU/mL. ETP 1g q24h monotherapy successfully reduced bacterial burdens to below levels of detection over the 7-day period but was followed by regrowth matching that in the no-treatment control when treatment was halted on Days 1 and 3. Similar to ETP, TBP successfully reduced bacterial burdens as a 7-day monotherapy and following 1 and 3 days of IV ETP by preventing growth throughout the remainder of the study. Conclusion These data demonstrate the potential utility of TBP as oral step-down from IV ETP therapy and the need for evaluation as a step-down from other IV therapeutics. Disclosures Brian D. VanScoy, B.S., 3-V Biosciences (Grant/Research Support)Achogen (Grant/Research Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Arixa Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Arsanis Inc. (Grant/Research Support)B. Braun Medical Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica (Grant/Research Support)BLC USA (Grant/Research Support)Boston Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Bravos Biosciences, LLC (Grant/Research Support)Cidara Therapeutics Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Cipla, USA (Grant/Research Support)Corcept Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Cumberland Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Debiopharm International SA (Grant/Research Support)Discuva Limited (Grant/Research Support)Emerald Lake Technologies (Grant/Research Support)Enhanced Pharmacodynamics (Grant/Research Support)Entasis Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)E-Scape Bio (Grant/Research Support)Genentech (Grant/Research Support)Geom Therapeutics, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Grant/Research Support)Hoffmann-La Roche (Grant/Research Support)Horizon Orphan LLC (Grant/Research Support)ICPD Biosciences, LLC (Grant/Research Support)Indalo Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Insmed Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics (Employee)Iterum (Grant/Research Support)KBP Biosciences USA (Grant/Research Support)Kyoto Biopharma, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Matinas (Grant/Research Support)Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Melinta Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Menarini Ricerche S.p.A. (Grant/Research Support)Merck & Co., Inc (Grant/Research Support)Mutabilis (Grant/Research Support)Nabriva Therapeutics AG (Grant/Research Support)Naeja-RGM Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Nosopharm SAS (Grant/Research Support)Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. (Grant/Research Support)NuCana Biomed (Grant/Research Support)Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Polyphor, Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Prothena Corporation (Grant/Research Support)PTC Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Rempex Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Roche TCRC (Grant/Research Support)Sagimet (Grant/Research Support)scPharmaceuticals Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Scynexis (Grant/Research Support)Spero Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)TauRx Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Theravance Biopharma Pharmaceutica (Grant/Research Support)USCAST (Grant/Research Support)VenatoRx (Grant/Research Support)Vical Incorporated (Grant/Research Support)Wockhardt Bio AG (Grant/Research Support)Zavante Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Zogenix International (Grant/Research Support) Sean Jones, B.S., 3-V Biosciences (Grant/Research Support)Achogen (Grant/Research Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Arixa Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Arsanis Inc. (Grant/Research Support)B. Braun Medical Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica (Grant/Research Support)BLC USA (Grant/Research Support)Boston Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Bravos Biosciences, LLC (Grant/Research Support)Cidara Therapeutics Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Cipla, USA (Grant/Research Support)Corcept Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Cumberland Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Debiopharm International SA (Grant/Research Support)Discuva Limited (Grant/Research Support)Emerald Lake Technologies (Grant/Research Support)Enhanced Pharmacodynamics (Grant/Research Support)Entasis Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)E-Scape Bio (Grant/Research Support)Genentech (Grant/Research Support)Geom Therapeutics, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Grant/Research Support)Hoffmann-La Roche (Grant/Research Support)Horizon Orphan LLC (Grant/Research Support)ICPD Biosciences, LLC (Grant/Research Support)Indalo Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Insmed Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics (Employee)Iterum (Grant/Research Support)KBP Biosciences USA (Grant/Research Support)Kyoto Biopharma, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Matinas (Grant/Research Support)Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Melinta Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Menarini Ricerche S.p.A. (Grant/Research Support)Merck & Co., Inc (Grant/Research Support)Mutabilis (Grant/Research Support)Nabriva Therapeutics AG (Grant/Research Support)Naeja-RGM Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Nosopharm SAS (Grant/Research Support)Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. (Grant/Research Support)NuCana Biomed (Grant/Research Support)Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Polyphor, Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Prothena Corporation (Grant/Research Support)PTC Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Rempex Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support)Roche TCRC (Grant/Research Support)Sagimet (Grant/Research Support)scPharmaceuticals Inc. 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Japanese spiraea (Spiraea japonica L.f.), belonging to Rosaceae, is widely planted for its ornamental value in China. Since July 2011, powdery mildew infections on leaves and stems of Japanese spiraea have been noticed in some parks and gardens of Chengyang District in Qingdao City, China (GPS coordinates 36°31′04.22″ N, 120°39′41.92″ E). Symptoms first appeared as white spots covered with mycelium on both side of the leaves and young stems. As the disease progressed, abundant mycelial growth covered the whole shoots and caused growth reduction and leaf distortion with or without reddening. A voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium of Qingdao Agricultural University (Accession No. HMQAU13013). Hyphae were flexuous to straight, branched, septate, 5 to 7 μm wide, and had nipple-shaped appressoria. Conidiophores arising from the upper surface of hyphal cells produced 2 to 5 immature conidia in chains with a crenate outline. Foot-cells of conidiophores were straight, 60 to 125 × 7 to 9 μm, and followed by 1 to 2 shorter cells. Conidia were ellipsoid-ovoid to doliiform, measured 25 to 32 × 12 to 15 μm with a length/width ratio of 1.8 to 2.6, and had distinct fibrosin bodies. Chasmothecia were not found. The structures and measurements were compatible with the anamorphic state of Podosphaera spiraeae (Sawada) U. Braun & S. Takam. as described before (1). The identity of HMQAU13013 was further confirmed by analysis of nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 (4). The resulting 564-bp sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KF500426). A GenBank BLAST search of complete ITS sequence showed 100% identity with that of P. spiraeae on S. cantoniensis (AB525940). A pathogenicity test was conducted through inoculation by gently pressing a diseased leaf onto five healthy leaves of a potted Japanese spiraea. Five non-inoculated leaves served as controls. The plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 22°C. Inoculated leaves developed typical symptoms of powdery mildew after 5 days, but the non-inoculated leaves remained symptomless. The fungus presented on the inoculated plant was morphologically identical to that originally observed on diseased plants, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Powdery mildew of S. japonica caused by P. spiraeae has been recorded in Japan, Poland, and Switzerland (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by P. spiraeae on Japanese spiraea in China. References: (1) U. Braun and R. T. A. Cook. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews), CBS Biodiversity Series No.11. CBS, Utrecht, 2012. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ September 10, 2013. (3) T. Kobayashi. Index of Fungi Inhabiting Woody Plants in Japan. Host, Distribution and Literature. Zenkoku-Noson-Kyoiku Kyokai Publishing Co. Ltd., Tokyo, 2007. (4) S. Matsuda and S. Takamatsu. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 27:314, 2003.

There is still paucity of information on the species composition of woody species along the Thamalakane River, northern Botswana, which may limit efforts aimed at conserving riparian woodland species. The current study was aimed at classifying the vegetation, and determining the species composition and diversity of the riparian woodland plant communities along the Thamalakane River. It was hypothesized that there will be no different woodland communities along the Thamalakane River. The 71 sampling plots measured 1000m2 (20m × 50m). In each plot,the percentage cover for each species was estimated following the Braun-Blanquet scale. Different woodland communities were determined through Hierarchical Cluster Analysis followed by Indicator Species Analysis. Multi-Response Permutation Procedures (MRPPs) were used to determine whether or not there was a significant separation between the groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to statistically compare the diversity between woodland communities. Five major woodland communities were identified along the Thamalakane River, namely Vachellia tortilis-Gardenia volkensii, Combretum imberbe-Gymnosporia senegalensis, Philenoptera violacea-Garcinia livingstonei, Dichrostachys cinerea-Flueggea virosa and Croton megalobotrys-Colophospermum mopane. There was significant (p <0.05) separation between the plant groups. Species diversity was highest in Dichrostachys cinerea-Flueggea virosa community and lowest in Vachellia tortilis-Gardenia volkensii community. The distribution of woodland species in along Thamalakane river could be influenced by human disturbance, which may override abiotic environmental conditions such as flooding in influencing the composition and distribution of plant species. This calls for proper management initiatives of the riparian vegetation in the study area. Such initiatives may include establishment of exclosures to promote the germination and propagation of the woodland species. Other strategies may include education and awareness creation of the local communities to promote their co-existence with the riparian vegetation.

This paper presents the results of pedological and phytocoenological research focused on the detailed research of chemical parameters (pH, organic carbon, and nutrients), risk elements (As-metalloid, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and species composition of the vegetation of two different peatlands on the territory of Slovakia—Belianske Lúky (a fen) and Rudné (a bog). Sampling points were selected to characterize the profile of the organosol within the peatland, the soil profile between the peatland and the agricultural land, and the soil profile of the outlying agricultural land, which is used as permanent grassland. Based on phytocoenological records, a semi-quantitative analysis of taxa in accordance with the Braun–Blanquet scale was performed. The study revealed that the thickness of the peat horizon of the fen in comparison with the bog is very low. In terms of the quality of organic matter, the monitored peatlands are dominated by fresh plant residues such as cellulose and lignin. Differences between individual types of peatlands were also found in the soil reaction and the supply of nitrogen to the organic matter of peat. The values of the soil exchange reaction were neutral on the fen, as well as slightly alkaline but extremely low on the bog. A significantly higher nitrogen supply was found in the organic matter of the fen in contrast to the bog. At the same time, extremely low content of accessible P and an above-limit content of As in the surface horizons were also found on the fen. From the phytocoenological point of view, 22 plant species were identified on the fen, while only five species were identified on the bog, which also affected the higher diversity (H’) and equitability (e). The results of the statistical testing confirmed the diversity of the studied peatlands and the different impact of environmental variables on plant diversity.

Background Public and patient involvement (PPI) is important in stroke research to ensure that research conducted reflects the priorities and needs of people after stroke. Several factors have been found to affect PPI, including location of the research and time requirements for participation. The incidence of stroke is rising, and can result in symptoms including fatigue, depression, and physical/cognitive impairments. Aims 1) Describe the development of a PPI advisory group and a healthcare professional advisory group for stroke rehabilitation research and 2) to explore the perspectives of the members of the PPI groups on being involved in the research process. Methods A stakeholder panel consisting of up to 20 people with stroke, members of the public and healthcare professionals will be formed. A pragmatic purposive sampling technique using snowball sampling will be used to recruit members. The PPI panel will meet four times and will be supported by the guidelines developed from the INVOLVE framework. The PPI panel will be involved as co-researchers in the conceptualisation of future stroke rehabilitation research, the delivery of such studies, the analysis and dissemination of findings. Following the development of the panel, we will conduct semi-structured focus groups to collect qualitative data, examining the perspectives of members. Separate focus groups will be held for people with stroke, family members/cares, and healthcare professionals/researchers. Data will be transcribed and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s Reflexive Thematic Analysis. This will result in a set of themes and subthemes describing participants' opinions and experience of being on a PPI panel in stroke rehabilitation research. Conclusions PPI is an essential part of research in stroke. Stakeholders can provide key insights into the research processes. The results of this qualitative study will provide insight into the barriers and enablers of their participation in PPI in stroke rehabilitation research.