Dissertations / Theses: 'Brassicaceae'

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Asare-Bediako, Elvis. "Brassicaceae : Turnip yellows virus interactions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/44041/.

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Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) is the most common and important virus infecting oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in the UK. It causes reductions in growth and seed yield in oilseed rape. Between 2007 and 2010, the prevalence of TuYV in oilseed rape crops in Lincolnshire, Warwickshire and Yorkshire was determined; incidences of infection ranged from 0 and 100%. The highest levels of infection were detected in Lincolnshire and the lowest in Yorkshire. Highest incidences were recorded during 2009-10 and the lowest in 2008-9. Incidences of TuYV were closely related to the flight activities Myzus persicae vector. Most fields showed slightly aggregated pattern of infection during autumn but spring sampling revealed more random patterns. Phylogenetic analysis of both nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the P0 and P3 genes of TuYY revealed three and two genetic groups of TuYV respectively, infecting oilseed rape in Lincolnshire, Warwickshire and Yorkshire. The P0 gene was more variable than the P3 gene and both were under purifying selection. TuYV populations in the three regions were highly structured with limited gene flow between them. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated 96- 97% of the observed variation was due to the variation between isolates within fields. Three RT-PCR assays were developed to differentiate the three genotypes. They successfully detected and discriminated isolates of the two major genotypes from oilseed rape in Lincolnshire. Twenty seven accessions of a B. napus Diversity Fixed Foundation Set (DFFS) screened for resistance against TuYV infections varied in their susceptibility to the virus. An accession Yudal had partial resistance to some but not all the isolates of the two major genetic groups tested. TuYV caused yield losses of up to 44.7% in a glasshouse experiment. A major QTL for the partial TuYV resistance was detected on chromosome C4 (N14), explaining up to 50.5% of the observed resistance.

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2

Hu, Shiliang. "Phylogeny and chloroplast evolution in Brassicaceae." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368872.

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Brassicaceae is a large family of flowering plants, characterized by cruciform corolla, tetradynamous stamen and capsular fruit. In light of the important economic and scientific values of Brassicaceae, many phylogenetic and systematic studies were carried out. One recent and important phylogenetic analysis revealed three major lineages (I, II and III), however, classification at different taxonomic levels (tribe, genus, and species) remained problematic and evolutionary relationships among and within these lineages were still largely unclear. This is partly due to the fact that the past studies lacked information, as they mainly utilized the morphological data, nuclear DNA, partial chloroplast (cp) genes and so on. Nowadays, next generation sequencing (NGS) technology provides the possibility to make use of big data in phylogeny and evolutionary studies. Thus, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of 80 representative species, using additional 15 reference chloroplast genomes from the NCBI database, and carried out both the phylogenetic reconstruction and the study of protein coding genes evolution in this novel dataset with different methods. Several novel results were obtained. 1 Successful application of NGS technology in chloroplast genome sequencing. During the final assembly, I could reconstruct full chloroplast genomes and the structure maps for 14 out of 80 sampled species, while the remaining were assembled nearly completely with only few gaps remaining. 2 Characterization of chloroplast genome structure. Gene number and order, single sequence repeat (SSR) as well as variety and distribution of large repeat sequence were characterized. 3 The difference of codon usage frequency was calculated between Cardamine resedifolia and Cardamine impatiens. Twelve genes with signatures of positive selection were identified at a family-wide level. 4 Three major lineages (I â€“ III) were confirmed with high support values. Besides, the positions of various tribes were reclassified. Relationships among and within these lineages were highly resolved and supported in the final tree. Most of the tribes in the analyses were inferred to be monophyletic, only Thlaspideae was paraphyletic. Anastaticeae was for the first time classified into position of expanded lineage II, and position of tribe Lepidieae was delimited with relatively low support values in the final phylogenetic tree. This study was a new and successful application of NGS in large-scale Brassicaceae phylogeny and evolution, which offered the chance to look in details of the structural and functional features of the chloroplast genome. These results provided a paradigm on how to proceed towards the full elucidation of the evolutionary relationships among various biological species in the tree of life.

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3

Hu, Shiliang. "Phylogeny and chloroplast evolution in Brassicaceae." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1824/1/Ph.D.thesis.of.Hushiliang.pdf.

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Brassicaceae is a large family of flowering plants, characterized by cruciform corolla, tetradynamous stamen and capsular fruit. In light of the important economic and scientific values of Brassicaceae, many phylogenetic and systematic studies were carried out. One recent and important phylogenetic analysis revealed three major lineages (I, II and III), however, classification at different taxonomic levels (tribe, genus, and species) remained problematic and evolutionary relationships among and within these lineages were still largely unclear. This is partly due to the fact that the past studies lacked information, as they mainly utilized the morphological data, nuclear DNA, partial chloroplast (cp) genes and so on. Nowadays, next generation sequencing (NGS) technology provides the possibility to make use of big data in phylogeny and evolutionary studies. Thus, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of 80 representative species, using additional 15 reference chloroplast genomes from the NCBI database, and carried out both the phylogenetic reconstruction and the study of protein coding genes evolution in this novel dataset with different methods. Several novel results were obtained. 1 Successful application of NGS technology in chloroplast genome sequencing. During the final assembly, I could reconstruct full chloroplast genomes and the structure maps for 14 out of 80 sampled species, while the remaining were assembled nearly completely with only few gaps remaining. 2 Characterization of chloroplast genome structure. Gene number and order, single sequence repeat (SSR) as well as variety and distribution of large repeat sequence were characterized. 3 The difference of codon usage frequency was calculated between Cardamine resedifolia and Cardamine impatiens. Twelve genes with signatures of positive selection were identified at a family-wide level. 4 Three major lineages (I – III) were confirmed with high support values. Besides, the positions of various tribes were reclassified. Relationships among and within these lineages were highly resolved and supported in the final tree. Most of the tribes in the analyses were inferred to be monophyletic, only Thlaspideae was paraphyletic. Anastaticeae was for the first time classified into position of expanded lineage II, and position of tribe Lepidieae was delimited with relatively low support values in the final phylogenetic tree. This study was a new and successful application of NGS in large-scale Brassicaceae phylogeny and evolution, which offered the chance to look in details of the structural and functional features of the chloroplast genome. These results provided a paradigm on how to proceed towards the full elucidation of the evolutionary relationships among various biological species in the tree of life.

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4

Fabre, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude des glucosinolates de brassicaceae." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT030G.

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Les glucosinolates sont connus depuis le siècle dernier. Largement représentés dans toutes les espèces de brassicaceae, on les rencontre également dans d'autres familles telles que les capparidaceae, tovariaceae, tropaeolaceae ou lesmoringaceae. Leurs activités biologiques sont variées : les isothiocyanates, thiocyanates et nitriles dérivés de dégradation enzymatique, sont antibactériens et antifongiques. Les glucosinolates sont des détoxiquants hépatiques et anticancéreux. Ce travail, dans un premier temps après une présentation de la famille et du matériel végétal utilisé, tente de dresser une synthèse aussi exhaustive que possible de la connaissance acquise sur les glucosinolates : biosynthèse, diversité, recensement, utilité dans la plante, techniques d'analyse et activités thérapeutiques. La 2ème partie est consacrée aux travaux personnels sur 4 brassicaceae. Quatre molécules nouvelles ont été isolées et identifiées dans des espèces de la famille des brassicaceae. Dans le cas des produits connus, nous apportons des précisions concernant leurs caractéristiques spectrales, notamment en RMN 2D. Une discussion concernant la structure tridimensionnelle des deux isomères Z et E clôture ce document

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5

Cheung, Julie. "Characterization of the Telomerase RNP in Brassicaceae." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/319960.

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6

Bonfils, Anne-Christine D. (Anne-Christine Dominique) Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Tissue culture and intergeneric somatic hybridization in Brassicaceae." Ottawa, 1992.

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7

Martel, Guillaume. "Evaluation en laboratoire du parasitoïde Gryon gonikopalense (Hym ˸ Scelionidae) pour le contrôle biologique de Bagrada hilaris (Hem ˸ Pentatomidae), une punaise invasive aux Etats-Unis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NSAM0023.

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Dans un contexte de mondialisation et de changement climatique, de plus en plus d'insectes deviennent invasifs et affectent notamment l'agriculture à l'échelle mondiale. Au cœur de ce réseau d'invasions, les Etats-Unis subissent l'arrivée de nombreuses espèces provenant principalement d'Asie. Parmi elles, les punaises pentatomidés menacent la plupart des agrosystèmes américains et sont aujourd'hui principalement régulées par les pesticides de synthèse. Bagrada hilaris (bagrada), originaire d'Asie et d'Afrique, est la plus récente à avoir colonisé les Etats-Unis où elle sévit depuis 2008 dans les cultures de chou et de brocoli (Brassicaceae). Pour répondre aux besoins des agriculteurs, l'USDA-ARS a financé un programme de lutte biologique classique visant à sélectionner et introduire en Californie un ou plusieurs ennemis naturels de bagrada depuis son aire d'origine. Les travaux inclus dans cette thèse sont une partie de ce programme. Ils ont cherché à évaluer en serre de quarantaine si le parasitoïde oophage Gryon gonikopalense (Scelionidae), originaire du Pakistan, pourrait s'établir en Californie et contrôler efficacement bagrada. Quatre principaux objectifs ont ainsi été définis : 1) décrire la biologie générale de G. gonikopalense ; 2) décrire son comportement de recherche d'hôte ; 3) examiner la possibilité de le produire en masse et 4) évaluer sa spécificité vis-à-vis de bagrada avec des punaises euro-méditerranéennes. L'objectif 1 a permis de montrer que la physiologie de G. gonikopalense était similaire à celle de nombreux autres scelionidés : en fonction de la température, il complète son développement en 7 à 25 jours, peut vivre entre 30 et 150 jours et parasiter une centaine d'œufs au cours de sa vie. Il partage avec bagrada un optimum thermique entre 25 et 35 °C qui pourrait lui permettre de s'établir en Californie. En plus d'être un parasite efficace de bagrada, l'atout de G. gonikopalense réside particulièrement dans son comportement de recherche des œufs de son hôte qui sont enterrés dans le sol dans 90% des cas. Nous avons découvert que G. gonikopalense était capable de creuser le sol pour parasiter les œufs. En outre, nous avons montré dans un système tri-trophique que le parasitoïde attaquait principalement les pontes enterrées de bagrada, tout en étant capable d'atteindre les œufs déposés sur la plante hôte (env. 10%). Pour le 3ème objectif, nous avons montré que le stockage des œufs de bagrada à 5°C sur trois semaines permettait d'optimiser l'élevage du parasitoïde et faciliter une production de masse. Concernant l'objectif 4, toujours en cours, il en résulte que les sur 11 pentatomidés testées, au moins 4 ont été parasitées, dont deux essentiellement localisées autour du bassin méditerranéen. Ces résultats complémentent les tests menés en Californie et permettent de discuter proactivement de l'introduction de G. gonikopalense dans les populations méditerranéennes invasives de bagrada. Finalement, nous avons décrit au cours de cette thèse plusieurs aspects, jusqu'alors inconnus, de la biologie de G. gonikopalense. Sa spécialisation comportementale envers bagrada en fait notamment un candidat de premier choix pour le programme de lutte biologique Une pétition rédigée sur la base de ces connaissances remise aux autorités sanitaires des Etats-Unis restent un objectif à court terme. Ceux-ci évalueront alors les risques et les bénéfices liés à l'utilisation de G. gonikopalense pour contrôler bagrada en Californie
In a context of globalization and climate change, more and more insects are becoming invasive, particularly affecting agriculture on a global scale. At the heart of this network of invasions, the United States of America is experiencing the arrival of many species, mainly from Asia. Among them, stink bugs (Pentatomidae) threaten most American agrosystems and are now mainly regulated by synthetic pesticides. Bagrada hilaris (bagrada), native to Asia and Africa, is the most recent species to invade the USA, where it has been reported since 2008 in Brassicaceae crops. To answer the needs of farmers, USDA-ARS funded a classical biological control program to select and introduce from its native range one or more natural enemies of bagrada into California. The research included in this PhD thesis is part of this program. It sought to assess in a quarantine greenhouse whether the oophagous parasitoid Gryon gonikopalense (Scelionidae), native to Pakistan, could establish in California and efficiently control bagrada. Thus, four main objectives were defined: 1) to describe the general biology of G. gonikopalense; 2) describe its host foraging behavior; 3) examine the possibility of its mass production and 4) assess its specificity towards bagrada using Euro-Mediterranean non-target stink bugs. Objective 1 allowed to show that the physiology of G. gonikopalense was similar to that of many other scelionids: depending on the temperature, it completed its development in 7 to 25 days, its lifespan ranges from 30 to 150 days and it is able to parasitize hundred eggs during its lifetime. It shares with bagrada a thermal optimum between 25 and 35 °C which could allow it to settle in California. In addition to being an effective parasitoid of bagrada, the advantage of G. gonikopalense particularly involves its foraging behavior for host's eggs, which are buried in the ground in 90% of cases. We found that G. gonikopalense was able to dig into the soil to parasitize eggs. In addition, we have shown in a tri-trophic system that the parasitoid mainly attacks the buried eggs of bagrada, while being able to reach the eggs deposited on the host plant (about 10%). For the 3rd objective, we have shown that the storage of bagrada eggs at 5 °C over three weeks made it possible to optimize the breeding of the parasitoid and facilitate mass production. Concerning the objective 4, still in progress, we showed that among the 11 pentatomids tested, at least four were suitable for the parasitoid, and two of them were mainly located around the Mediterranean basin. These results complement the tests carried out in California and open a proactive discussion on the introduction of G. gonikopalense in invasive Mediterranean populations of bagrada. Finally, during this thesis, we have described several aspects, hitherto unknown, of the biology of G. gonikopalense. Its behavioral specialization towards bagrada makes this parasitoid particularly promising for the biological control program. A petition-to-release drafted on the basis of this knowledge submitted to the health authorities of the USA remains a short-term objective. They will then assess the risks and benefits of using G. gonikopalense to control bagrada in California

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Holmén, Bränn Kristina. "Pollination processes - maternal and offspring performance /." Stockholm : Department of Botany, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6709.

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Ó, Lochlainn Seosamh. "Natural genetic variation in zinc (Zn) accumulation in Brassicaceae." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11822/.

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Zinc (Zn) is an essential plant nutrient. Most plant species have a shoot Zn concentration ([Zn]shoot) <0.1 mg Zn g-1 dry weight (DW), but extensive natural genetic variation occurs. For example, within the Brassicaceae, some Noccaea (Thlaspi) and Arabidopsis species hyperaccumulate [Zn]shoot >10 mg Zn g-1 DW. There is compelling evidence that orthologues of the Arabidopsis thaliana PIB-type Heavy-Metal-Associated domain-containing ATPase 4 (AtHMA4), which transport Zn2+ and other cations, have a major involvement in the Zn hyperaccumulation trait. The aim of this thesis was to study aspects of genetic variation in the Brassicaceae using a comparative genomic approach, focussing primarily on orthologues of AtHMA4 in Noccaea and Brassica. The first major objective was to clone the full genomic sequence of NcHMA4. This locus was successfully sequenced in Noccaea caerulescens Saint Laurent Le Minier. First, a new genomic fosmid library was generated comprising 36,864 clones with 40 kb inserts, giving ~5-fold genomic coverage. Through DNA fingerprinting, Genome Sequencer (GS) FLX 454 sequencing and contig assembly, a single region collinear with AtHMA4 flanking genes was identified. Unlike A. thaliana, four novel tandem HMA4 gene repeats with highly conserved coding regions, but substantially divergent promoter regions, were present. Preliminary evidence indicates cis-regulated high expression, supporting previous expression data for N. caerulescens. Notably, this observation is remarkably consistant with recent findings in A. halleri. In planta analysis of NcHMA4 remains challenging in N. caerulescens due to a vernal obligate lengthy life cycle (7–9 months) and lack of a robust transformation system. To facilitate future analyses, genetically-stable faster cycling M4 lines were therefore created using fast neutron (FN) mutagenesis. Two non vernal obligate lines have been characterised bearing fruit as soon as 92 days after sowing (DAS) and showing no perturbed [Zn]shoot or obvious pleiotropic effects. Future efforts should focus on their efficient transformation to improve future in planta biological understanding. In Brassica, data from previously reported glasshouse and field studies on B. oleracea L. [Zn]shoot were further analysed to test for the presence of HMA4 orthologues in QTL regions. However, large QTL and multiple paralogues have hindered progress. A more efficient Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genomes (TILLing)-based approach has therefore been pursued in B. rapa during the latter stages of this study. Locus specific allelic variants in a candidate metal transporter gene BraA.CAX1.a have been identified and methods for rapid downstream genotyping (High Resolution Melt (HRM)-based efficient SNP detection technology) and characterisation have been developed successfully. These approaches are now underway for BraA.HMA4 and an additional candidate metal transporter BraA.ESB1. Since A. thaliana knock-outs of ESB1, CAX1 and HMA genes have altered nutritional phenotypes, future studies will focus on their characterisation under contrasting mineral environments. This thesis has pursued a comparative genomics approach. A previously unreported quadruplication and cis-regulation probably contributes to high HMA4 expression in N. caerulescens. Fast cycling Noccaea lines and a robust Brassica genotyping platform were developed. These will become valuable tools for downstream molecular genetic approaches for in planta functional analysis of HMA4 and other transporters to determine their role in regulating mineral accumulation in Brassicaceae. Ultimately, a greater understanding of genetic variation in [Zn]shoot may have downstream application in genetic biofortification or phytoremediation strategies.

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Ford, Kate E. "Genome structure and genetic diversity in Crambe L. Brassicaceae." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327518.

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Kumwenda, Mphamba Wayera. "A palynological study of Heliophila (Brassicaceae) in southern Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53283.

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On t.p.: Systematics and Biodiversity Science.
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pollen grains of the southern African genus Heliophila L. (Brassicaceae), were examined using light microscopy (77 taxa), scanning electron microscopy (82 taxa) and transmission electron microscopy (IOtaxa). The present study emanates from a pilot study by Kose (200 I) in which palynology was identified as one of the taxonomically informative data sources that can be used in the classification and subdivision of the genus Heliophila. The aim of this study was to assess the taxonomic significance of palynological data in the genus Heliophila. All pollen grains of Heliophila taxa are prolate in shape and tricolpate. The exine surface sculpture varies and two main groups are identified. In the majority of the taxa the sculpture is psilate or psilate micro-perforate with suprateetal spinules (Pollen Type A), whereas in the remaining taxa the sculpture is micro-reticulate to reticulate with or without suprateetal spinules (Pollen Type B). Pollen Type B may be divided further into three subgroups based on the shape of the lumina and the position of the suprateetal spinules. TEM results also confirm the two main groups as proposed by the SEM. The structural and sculptural features of the exine proved important in the demarcation of the pollen grains into two distinctively different pollen types and the other pollen morphological data such as pollen grain sizes, pollen grain shape are discussed in relation to the groups/subgroups of pollen types. The sculpturing types are discussed with regard to their evolution and pollination discussed with regard to plant habit and pollen size. Cluster analysis, based on vegetative and reproductive characters, excluding palynological characters, was performed only after the pollen types were identified. These groups were well supported by plant habit, life form, leaf type, presence or absence of appendages on the filaments, indumentum of filaments and presence of the stipe on the ovary and divided the genus Heliophila into two main clades. It was observed that this division followed a sim ilar pattern as the species arrangement in the classification by Marais (1970). AIthough the two main pollen types occur in both clusters proposed by the morphological analysis, the specific pollen types are restricted to distinct subclusters. In conclusion, pollen data reveals that Heliophila is a heterogeneous genus. The present study also reveals that it is difficult to subdivide the Heliophila taxa into infrageneric units on the basis of palynological evidence alone. In conjunction with other data sources, it does, however appear to have systematic significance. Therefore, the results of the present palynological study can be used as an additional source of evidence to support the subdivision of the Heliophila taxa into infrageneric units in the near future if a better understandinz and classification of the zenus is to b b be achieved.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stuifmeelkorrels van die suider Afrikaanse genus Heliophila L. (Brassicaceae) is met behulp van ligmikroskopie (77 taksons), skandeerelektronmikroskopie (82 taksons) en transmissie-elektronmikroskopie (IOtaksons) bestudeer. Die huidige studie is 'n uitvloeisel van 'n lootsprojek deur Kose (200 I) waarin palinologie geïdentifiseer is as een van die taksonomies-belangrike data-bronne wat in die klassifikasie en subdivisie van die genus Heliophila gebruik kan word. Die doel van die studie was om die taksonomiese waarde van palinologiese data van die genus Hettophila te bepaal. Alle stuifmeelkorrels van Heliophila taksons is prolaat in vorm en trikolpaat. Die oppervlak-skulptuur van die eksien varieer en twee hoofgroepe word onderskei. In die meerderheid van die taksons is die skulptuur psilaat of psilaat-mikroperforaat met supratektale uitsteeksels (stuifmeeltipe A), terwyl die skulptuur in die oorblywende taksons rnikro-retikulaat tot retikulaat met of sonder supratektale uitsteeksels (stuifmeeltipe B) is. Stuifmeeltipe B kan verder in drie subgroepe, gebaseer op die vorm van die lumens en die posisie van die supratektale uitsteeksels, verdeel word. Resultate verkry vanaf die TEM bevestig die twee hoofgroepe soos voorgestel deur die SEM-studies. Die strukturele en skulpturele kenmerke van die eksien blyk belangrik te wees in die verdeling van die stuifmeelstruktuur in twee duidelike stuifmeeltipes en ander morfologiese kenmerke, byvoorbeeld die grootte en vorm van die stuifmeelkorrels word bespreek in hul verhouding tot die groepe / subgroepe van die stuifmeeltipes. Die tipes stuifmeel-skulptuur word bespreek ten opsigte van hul evolusie en bestuiwing word bespreek ten opsigte van groeiwyse en stuifmeelgroottes. Groepanalise, gebaseer op vegetatiewe en reproduktiewe kenmerke, uitsluitend palinologiese kenmerke, is saamgestel nadat die stuifmeeltipes geïdentifiseer is. Die groepe word gevorm op grond van groeiwyse, groeivorm, blaartipe, aan- of afwesigheid van aanhangsels aan die helmdrade, die indumentum van die helmdrade en die aanwesigheid van 'n stipe op die vrugbeginsel en verdeel die genus Heliophila in twee hoofgroepe. Daar is waargeneem dat hierdie analise 'n soortgelyke patroon volg as die spesie-rangskikking in die klassifikasie van Marais (1970). Alhoewel die twee stuifmeeltipes in beide die morfologiese hoofgroepe aanwesig is, stem die stuifmeeltipes duidelike ooreen met die sub-groepe wat deur die morfologiese analise gevorm is. Ten slotte, stuifmeeldata dui daarop dat Heliophila 'n heterogene genus is. Die huidige studie dui ook daarop dat' n onderverdeling van Heliophila in infrageneriese eenhede op grond van palinologiese kenmerke alleen ook baie moeilik is, maar saam met ander kenmerke kan stuifmeeldata wel van taksonomiese waarde wees. Dus, die resultate van hierdie studie kan as 'n aanvullende bron van data gebruik word om 'n onderverdeling van die genus te steun en 'n klassifikasie van die genus daar te stel.

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Muhammed, Jotyar Jassim. "Systematic and genomic studies in the genus Aubrieta (Brassicaceae)." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39393.

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The study focuses on the herbaceous perennial plant genus Aubrieta (Brassicaceae). Distributed from Armenia through the Levant and Anatolia to Greece, the Balkans and Italy, the species have proved difficult to distinguish. About 12 species are currently recognised, although estimates range from only one up to about 20 or more. Furthermore, their evolutionary relationships are unknown. In order to remedy this situation molecular and cytogenetical studies were conducted. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data were produced to generate a complete chloroplast genome for four species of Aubrieta in order to confirm the phylogenetic position of the genus in the family. Earlier suggestions that it belongs in tribe Arabdieae were confirmed. Details of plastome structure were analysed in A. gracilis, which was shown to have 88 protein-encoding, 37 transfer-RNA and eight ribosomal-RNA genes. A phylogenetic analysis of the genus was conducted based on chloroplast and nuclear sequences as well as mitochondrial RFLPs. Five chloroplast regions (matK, trnD-trnT, ycf6-psbM, rps11-rpl36 and trnH-psbA) and two nuclear genes (duo1 and rbp2) were amplified and sequenced successfully. Six mitochondrial gene regions (Orf114, Nad9-ccmFN2, Orf25, matR, ccm FC, trnK-rps3) were studied by means of restriction enzymes. Data analyses show that Aubrieta comprises the annual, pan-Mediterranean Arabis verna plus perennial taxa that fall into one of five geographically delimited gene pools: i) Near East (Levant, Iraq and Iran); ii) Anatolia; iii) Aegean Basin; iv) Greece, Albania, Bulgaria (Pindus Mts and associated ranges); and v) Trans-Adriatic Sea and Sicily. There was some disagreement between the plastid and nuclear trees, which was attributed to hybridisation, chiefly affecting the taxa occupying the Aegean Basin. Evolution in the genus appears to have proceeded largely at the diploid level (2n=2x=16). In order to see what changes at the chromosome level have accompanied speciation, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies were conducted. The probes pTa71 and pTa794 were used to locate the position of 45S and 5S rDNA sites on the chromosomes. The number of 45S rDNA sites are 2, 4, 5, or 6, localized on short-arms, the centromere and on long-arms. The number of 5S rDNA sites is a constant two, located either on short-arms or long-arms. These rDNA sites (45S and 5S) are either located on different chromosomes or shared by one or two chromosomes. Speciation is accompanied (promoted?) by translocations and duplications. Hybridisation was confirmed in the genus. The timing of the various bifurcations in the evolutionary tree were estimated from a study of the concatenated chloroplast sequences, but the major split into an annual lineage (Arabis verna) and a perennial lineage appears to date from 1.4 Mya. The hybridisation events involving the Aegean Basin taxa appear to date from the early to mid-Pleistocene (ca 600-800 Kya), a time when considerable parts of the Aegean were above sea level. The taxonomy of the genus is still problematic, it being impossible to diagnose the five geographical genepools by means of morphological characters. Instead, a splitting approach is adopted whereby regional or local phenotypes are recognised as species. This can be unsatisfactory in some cases where there is considerable morphological, but not geographical, overlap. A total of 21 species, including Arabis verna which is recombined into Aubrieta, is recognised.

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Nakano, Yoshihiro. "Diversity and function of γ-glutamyltransferase in Brassicaceae plants." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144101.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第12365号
農博第1546号
新制||農||924(附属図書館)
学位論文||H18||N4123(農学部図書室)
24201
UT51-2006-J357
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授關谷次郎, 教授矢﨑一史, 教授梅澤俊明
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Marques, Ana Paula Pires. "Acúmulo e fitotoxidade do flúor em Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10608.

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O flúor (F), elemento mais eletronegativo da tabela periódica, é liberado para atmosfera por diversas atividades industriais, sendo facilmente absorvido pelas plantas através das folhas. A sua fácil absorção e alta reatividade com biomoléculas torna o F um dos poluentes atmosféricos mais fitotóxicos, pois gera danos oxidativos e altera o desenvolvimento celular. Embora existam muitas informações sobre os efeitos do F na fisiologia e estrutura das plantas, ainda é necessário compreender melhor os mecanismos de tolerância desenvolvidas pelas plantas em resposta ao estresse, e isso se torna mais fácil em uma espécie modelo. Além disso, conhecer os efeitos do F sobre uma espécie modelo de ensaios moleculares é extremamente importante para que análises posteriores de transcriptoma, proteoma e metaboloma sejam realizadas afim de elucidar os mecanismos de ação do poluente. Arabidopsis thaliana é uma planta modelo muito utilizada em trabalhos moleculares e ecotoxicológicos e, apesar das inúmeras vantagens de se trabalhar com essa espécie, são raros os estudos sobre os efeitos do F na mesma. Desta forma, objetivou-se compreender os efeitos do F em A. thaliana, e os mecanismos de defesa dessa espécie envolvidos no combate à fitotoxidez causada por este elemento. Para isso, plantas de A. thaliana foram submetidas à nevoeiros com 0, 20, 40 e 80 mg F L-1 por dez dias consecutivos, aplicando-se 15 mL de solução duas vezes ao dia. Ao término do experimento foram feitas coletas para a determinação do teor de F, e para avaliações das alterações morfoanatômicas, micromorfológicas, e fisiológicas. A. thaliana acumulou altíssimas concentrações de F nas folhas, mesmo nas plantas expostas a 20 mg F L-1, as quais não desenvolveram sintomas visuais de fitotoxidez, o que a caracteriza como espécie hiperacumuladora e tolerante. Nos tratamentos com 40 e 80 mg F L-1, necroses foliares iniciaram com 96 e 48 h, respectivamente, após a primeira aplicação dos nevoeiros, ocorrendo como pequenas manchas acinzentadas distribuídos pela lâmina foliar, incluindo margem e ápices. Foi observada redução na produção de biomassa e murcha foliar em função do aumento de F nos nevoeiros. Os danos na superfície das folhas foram caracterizados pelo aspecto plasmolisado das células, erosão das ceras epicuticulares, deformações das cristas estomáticas e da base dos tricomas, além da ruptura da parede periclinal externa das células epidérmicas. Estruturalmente, foram observadas deformações nas nervuras medianas das folhas, redução do tamanho dos feixes vasculares, e estreitamento da lâmina foliar nas regiões onde as células do parênquima lacunoso colapsaram. Entretanto, nos locais com ocorrência de hipertrofia celular e aumento do número de células no mesofilo houve um aumento da espessura. A face abaxial da folha foi mais afetada pelo F do que a adaxial, sendo observadas reentrâncias, redução do tamanho das células e ruptura da epiderme nessa face, enquanto que a epiderme da face adaxial se manteve intacta. Foi verificado aumento significativo na área dos elementos de vasos na nervura mediana em folhas expostas ao poluente mas sem injúria aparente. O F aumentou os níveis de aldeído malônico, indicando a ocorrência de estresse oxidativo, o qual contribuiu para a redução da assimilação interna de carbono (A), pigmentos fotossintetizantes (por degradação) e respiração (Rd). Além disso, o F elevou a concentração interna de carbono (Ci) e redução da condutância estomática (gs), ocasionada pela obliteração dos ostíolos por fragmentos de ceras epicuticulares, e perda da turgidez pelas células-guarda. Esses resultados sugerem aparentes limitações bioquímicas à fotossíntese, com possíveis reduções da atividade de enzimas do ciclo de Calvin, tais como a RuBisCO. A. thaliana demonstrou elevada tolerância ao F, já que a menor concentração utilizada neste trabalho (correspondente ao dobro da detectada em regiões poluídas) não promoveu danos severos e ainda resultou no elevado acúmulo do poluente nos tecidos. A. thaliana é uma espécie promissora em estudos sobre os mecanismos moleculares de combate ao estresse oxidativo causado pelo F.
The fluorine (F), most electronegative element of the periodic table, is released to atmosphere from various industrial activities, being easily absorbed by the plants through the leaves. Its easy absorption and high reactivity with biomolecules makes the F one of the most phytotoxic air pollutants because it generates oxidative damage and changes the cellular development. Although there are a lot of information about the effects of F in physiology and structure of plants, it is still necessary to better understand the mechanisms of tolerance developed by plants in response to stress, and it becomes easier in a kind model. Also, knowing the effects of F on a kind model of molecular assays is extremely important for further analysis of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome are carried out in order to elucidate the mechanisms of action pollutant. Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant widely used in molecular and ecotoxicological studies and, despite the many advantages of working with this kind are few studies on the effects of F in it. Thus, this study aimed to understand the effects of F in A. thaliana, and the defense mechanisms of this kind involved in combating toxicity symptoms caused by this element. Thus, plants of A. thaliana were submitted to fog with 0, 20, 40 and 80 mg F L-1 for ten consecutive days, applying 15 ml of solution twice daily. At the end of experiment were made collections for determining the F content, and evaluations of morphoanatomic, Micromorphological, and physiological. A. thaliana accumulated extremely high fluoride concentrations in leaves, even in plants exposed to 20 mg F L-1, which did not develop visible symptoms of phytotoxicity, which characterized as tolerant hyperaccumulator species. In the treatments with 40 and 80 mg F L-1, foliar necrosis started with 96 and 48 h, respectively, after the first application of fogs, occurring as small gray spots distributed by leaf blade, including margin and apexes. There was a reduction in biomass production and leaf wilt due to the increase of F in the fogs. Damage to the leaf surface were characterized by the appearance of cells plasmolisado, erosion of the waxes, deformations of stomatal crests and the base of trichomes, beyond the rupture of the outer wall paraclinal of epidermal cells. Structurally, the median veins of the leaves deformations were observed, reducing the size of vascular bundles, and narrowing of the leaf blade in the regions where the cells of the spongy parenchyma collapsed. However, in areas with occurrence of cellular hypertrophy and an increase in the number of mesophyll cells was increased thickness. The abaxial side of the leaf was more affected by the adaxial F, recesses being observed, reduction of cell size and epidermis break this surface, while the adaxial epidermal remained intact. significant increase was seen in the area of vessel elements in the midrib in leaves exposed to the pollutant but no apparent injury. F increased malondialdehyde levels, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress, which contributed to the reduction of carbon internal assimilation (A), photosynthetic pigments (degradation) and respiration (Rd). Furthermore, the F increased internal concentration of carbon (C) and reduced stomatal conductance (gs) caused by obstruction of ostia fragments by epicuticular waxes, and loss of turgor the guard cells. These results suggest apparent biochemical limitations to photosynthesis, possible reduction of the enzyme activity of the Calvin cycle, such as RuBisCO. A. thaliana showed high tolerance to F, since the lower concentrations used in this study (corresponding to double the detected in polluted areas) did not cause severe damage and even resulted in increased accumulation of pollutant tissue. A. thaliana is a promising species in studies of the molecular mechanisms of combating oxidative stress caused by F.

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15

Moers, éverli Marlei. "Ocorrência de doenças na cultura do crambe (Crambe Hochst abyssinica) cultivado na região oeste do Paraná e efeito de Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris na produção da cultura." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2012. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/823.

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Several factors indicate that petroleun must be replaced by alternative energy sources. In Brazil there are several government programs that encourage research and commercialization of renewable energy. In this context, is strengthening the productive chain of biodiesel, for which various raw materials have been tested with the aim of supplying the market in a sustainable manner. Among the alternatives is crambe, which can be an important alternative for the winter crop, considered rustic plant, drought resistant and low temperatures, with high oil content, low production cost, and that their becomes non-edible oil a good alternative for biodiesel production, since it does not compete as raw food. The culture of crambe begins to be deployed in the southern region, but little is known about plant performance and the factors that may limit their production under our environmental conditions. The objective of this study was a survey of conditions in culture, as well as evaluating the interference of the pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris on productivity in crambe. The survey was conducted of the disease in the experimental field of FAG-Faculdade Assis Gurcacz in Cascavel / PR. The analysis of the collected material occurred in the Laboratory of Phytophatology of the UNIOESTE campus Marechal Cândido Rondon, from the observed symptoms and characteristics of the pathogen isolated. In addition, was conducted sanity of seeds in a commercial seed lot and another lot purchased directly from the producer. The interference of X. campestris in the crambe productivity was evaluated by inoculating different concentrations of bacterial suspensions, evaluating the severity for each treatment and from this calculating the AUDPC (area under disease progress curve). The yield components were correlated to the severity and AUDPC. In both seed lots were found bacteria and fungi, especially the fact that these agents may become the initial inoculum for the establishment of disease in the field. In surveying the field symptoms were observed and subsequently identified three diseases, damping off caused by Fusarium sp., Alternaria stains caused by the fungus of the genus Alternaria sp. and black rot, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the main pathogen of brassicas. Evaluating the effect of X. campestris in the production of crambe was observed linear correlation between severity and AUDPC with the total production of grain and 1000 grain weigth, so the occurrence of the disease negatively affected production of these components.
Diversos fatores indicam que o petróleo precisa ser substituído por fontes alternativas de energia. No Brasil existem diversos programas governamentais que incentivam a pesquisa e a comercialização deste tipo de energia. Neste contexto, está se fortalecendo a cadeia produtiva do biodiesel, para o qual diversas matérias primas vêm sendo testadas com o intuito de suprir o mercado de maneira sustentável. Dentre as alternativas está o crambe, que pode ser uma importante alternativa para a safra de inverno, considerada planta rústica, resistente a secas e baixas temperaturas, com grande teor de óleo, baixo custo de produção, além de que seu óleo não comestível torna-o uma boa alternativa para produção de biodiesel, já que não concorre como matéria prima alimentícia. A cultura do crambe começa a ser implantada na região Sul do país, mas pouco se sabe sobre o desempenho da cultura e quais os fatores que podem limitar sua produção sob essas condições ambientais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento das doenças na cultura, além de avaliar a interferência do patógeno Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris sobre a produtividade em crambe. O levantamento das doenças foi realizado no campo experimental da FAG - Faculdade Assis Gurgacz, em Cascavel/PR. A análise do material coletado ocorreu no Laboratório de Fitopatologia da UNIOESTE, campus Marechal Cândido Rondon, a partir dos sintomas observados e das características do agente patogênico isolado. Além disso, foi realizado teste de sanidade em um lote de sementes comerciais e em outro lote adquirido diretamente do produtor. A interferência de X. campestris na produtividade em crambe foi avaliada inoculando-se diferentes concentrações de suspensões bacterianas, avaliando-se a severidade em cada tratamento e a partir desta calculando-se a AACPD (área sob a curva de progresso da doença). Os componentes de produção foram correlacionados à severidade e à AACPD. Nos dois lotes de sementes foram encontradas bactérias e fungos, com destaque para o fato que esses agentes podem se tornar inóculo inicial para o estabelecimento de doenças no campo. No levantamento a campo foram observados sintomas e posteriormente identificadas três doenças: o tombamento causado por Fusarium sp., as manchas de alternaria, causadas pelo fungo Alternaria sp. e a podridão negra causada pela bactéria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, principal agente patogênico das brássicas. Na avaliação do efeito de X. campestris na produção do crambe observou-se correlação linear entre a severidade e a AACPD com a produção total de grãos e o peso de 1000 grãos, de maneira que a ocorrência da doença afetou negativamente esses componentes de produção.

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16

Anderson, Jeffrey K. "Systematic implications of isozyme number variation in Tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9643.

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Tribe Brassiceae (haploid chromosome number, n=6$-$75) is generally recognized as one of the few natural (monophyletic) groups in the Brassicaceae. Recent molecular analyses, however, have questioned the validity of this subtribal classification and have proposed new generic and subtribal circumscriptions. The present study examined isozyme number, which is usually highly conserved in diploid plants, in order to assess the evolution of chromosome number and systematic relationships in the tribe. Ten enzyme systems were surveyed for 108 species in 35 genera of tribe Brassiceae and for eleven species from seven other tribes of the family. The observed variation in isozyme number among taxa was phylogenetically informative. Duplications for cytosolic phosphoglucomutase (Pgm-2) and plastid triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi-1) were evident in 33 of the 35 Brassiceae genera examined, supporting the monophyletic nature of the tribe, with inclusion of Orychophragmus and exclusion of Calepina and Conringia. Duplications for cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh-2) were observed in members of Brassica, Diplotaxis, Moricandia and Pseuderucaria, confirming that subtribes Moricandiinae and Brassicinae are artificially separated, as indicated by restriction site analysis of chloroplast DNA and hybridization data. The only subtribe clearly supported as monophyletic by the isozyme data was the Cakilinae which displayed duplications for cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi-2) and Idh-2 in several taxa. The present study also compared allozyme patterns of select allopolyploids and their proposed parental species. These analyses verified Diplotaxis tenuifolia (n = 11) and D. viminea (n = 10), and D. erucoides (n = 7) and Erucastrum nasturtiifolium (n = 8) as respective parental taxa of D. muralis (n = 10 + 11) and E. gallicum (n = 7 + 8). In addition, inheritance studies conducted on Sinapis arvensis confirmed Mendelian inheritance at seven isozyme loci.

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17

Qiu, Yichun. "Evolution and neofunctionalization of imprinted genes after duplication in Brassicaceae." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43853.

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18

Bert, Valérie. "Tolérance aux métaux lourds et accumulation chez Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae)." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-69.pdf.

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La rehabilitation et la depollution des sols pollues par les metaux sont des preoccupations mondiales. La capacite de certaines plantes a tolerer et a accumuler les metaux permet d'envisager leur utilisation en phytoremediation. Cependant, avant toute utilisation, une bonne connaissance des mecanismes qui sous-tendent les phenomenes de tolerance et d'hyperaccumulation est necessaire. C'est dans le cadre du programme de recherches concertees (prc) evaluation d'un site pollue en vue de sa requalification que ce travail s'insere. Le sujet porte sur la tolerance aux metaux (zinc, plomb, cadmium) et leur accumulation par l'arabette de haller (arabidopsis halleri), espece regionale appartenant a la famille des brassicaceae, tolerante et hyperaccumulatrice de zinc. L'etude a ete menee a l'aide d'approches complementaires : ecologie, ecotoxicologie, genetique classique et genetique moleculaire. En plus des populations metallicoles presentes dans le nord-pas-de-calais, des populations metallicoles et non-metallicoles d'europe centrale ont ete etudiees pour comparaison
Toutes ces populations sont tolerantes et accumulatrices de quantites tres importantes de zn et de cd. La tolerance a ces metaux ainsi que leurs accumulations semblent etre des proprietes constitutives de l'espece. L'etude de la descendance (f2) d'un croisement interspecifique, (a. Halleri tolerant-hyperaccumulateur) x (a. Petraea non-tolerant-non-accumulateur), a montre que la tolerance au zn semblait etre sous le controle d'un gene majeur tandis que la variation du degre de tolerance au zn semblait etre sous le controle de genes modificateurs. La tolerance au zn n'est pas due aux metallothioneines. Elles pourraient, cependant, contribuer a modifier le degre de tolerance au zn et ainsi intervenir au titre de modificateur. Les resultats preliminaires obtenus sur la tolerance et l'accumulation du cd en relation avec la tolerance et l'accumulation du zn suggerent l'independance des mecanismes lies au cd et au zn

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19

Grant, Marissa Catherine Jernegan. "Survival strategies of the endangered Physaria ludoviciana (silvery bladderpod; Brassicaceae) /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131592147.pdf.

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20

Zasada, Inga Anne. "Chemical components of the Brassicaceae that suppress plant-parasitic nematodes /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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21

Mateo, de Arias Mayelyn. "Effects of Plant Stress on Facultative Apomixis in Boechera (Brassicaceae)." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4451.

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In flowering plants, apomixis is asexual reproduction by seeds. Apomixis allows the production of offspring with the same genetic characteristics as the mother plant. Fertilization is not required. Apomixis could become a tool for naturally cloning high-yielding crop hybrids through their own seed. However, apomixis does not occur in major crop plants, except for citrus. In the present study, genes that might cause apomixis in naturally occurring apomictic plants were investigated. Sexual and apomictic species of the genus Boechera were exposed to stressed and non-stressed conditions. Effects of these treatments on the expression of apomixis was then measured. Stress triggered an increase in the frequency of sexual development in apomictic plants, but continuation of sexual development to form sexual seeds did not occur. Stress also triggered alterations in the expression of stress-related genes.

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22

Wei, Yu. "Identification and functional characterization of microRNA regulatory elements in Brassicaceae." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368494.

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As a class of short non-coding RNAs, microRNAs can regulate gene expression by a post-transcriptional pathway through repressing or degrading mRNA. In the evolutionary history, many plant microRNAs are highly conserved from green alge to land plants. In recent years, dramatic studies demonstrate that microRNAs play a crucial in plant growth and development, in response to environmental stresses. Some microRNAs can response to plant hormones, while some others are tissue or cell specific. The understanding of how these microRNAs are regulated at the transcriptional level is just initiated. With the aim to understand the regulatory mechanism of plant microRNA in evolutionary tem, and identify the most relevant cisregulatory elements in some microRNAs for improving the agriculture in the future, this study was carried out. microRNA390 is one of the many conserved microRNAs, it can indirectly regulate the ARFs expression level by targeting TAS3, and consequently regulate lateral organ and later root development in plants. In order to understand the regulatory mechanism of microRNAs in an evolutionary term, microRNA390a and microRNA390b in Arabidopsis were chosen and studied. In 16 phylogenetically related species within Brassicaceae, we analyzed the microRNA promoter sequences and identified overall conserved cREs in microRNA390 promoter regions, and accompanied with functional characterization, we obtained a good view of microRNA390 regulatory network. Based on 454 sequencing technique, took the microRNA sequences of sequenced Arabidopsis as reference, by assembling and aligning the microRNA promoter sequences, calculated the PWM and predicted the putative motifs with both MEME program and PlantCARE database, subsequently compared the motif similarities by TOMTOM program, we eventually obtained the putative ones met the required E-value. In the meantime, we reconstructed the phylogenetic trees of both paralogs by MEGA7 program. We identified 6 and 5 overall conserved cREs. Subsequently, we experimentally validated the putative cREs by Arabidopsis transformation and site-specific mutagenesis. The results we have obtained were as follows: (1) There were totally 29 microRNA loci in 9 families identified to be highly conserved, and totally 104 putative motifs were predicted in their promoter regions. (2) The reconstructed phylogenetic trees based on miRNA390a and miRNA390b promoter sequences respectively were compared with the the phylogenetic relationships (species trees) in known Brassicaceae phylogeny. The data derived from both promoter sequences were inconsistent with Brassicaceae phylogeny. This implied that there might be multiple copies of specific cREs in some specific species, hence the promoter sequences evolution of microRNA is not reflective of species phylogeny. (3) Took Arabidopsis thaliana as model plant, we successfully constructed GUS-fused promoters of miRNA390a and miRNA390b. The GUS histochemical assay indicated that the two paralogs expressed in different tissues in transgenic Arabidopsis. miRNA390a expressed in lateral root primordia, true leaves, cotyledons, as well as in the floral organs, yet it was absent from lateral root tip and shoot apical meristem; whereas miRNA390b specifically expressed on lateral root tips, and a more restricted expression pattern was detected on aerial part of true leaves and floral organ. These differences indicated possible sub-functionalization with respect to their ancestral miR390 during the evolutionary process. (4) Based on the six putative cREs identified in miRNA390a and the reliable WT constructs, we also constructed six GUS-fused promoters that undergone site-specific mutagenesis. The GUS assay demonstrated that the activity of putative cis-elements varied with distance to TSS. Mutations of proximal sites (m2 and m3) enhanced expression thereby M2 and M3 were likely to be silencers; while mutations of distal elements (m5 and m6) tended to decrease the promoter expression, hence M5 and M6 probably work as enhancers. These evidences suggest there was a specific modular cooperativity of miR390a cREs in regulating gene expression and mediating plant development. Furthermore, we treated the 7d-old transgenic seedlings with iron-deficiency, both the GUS assay and qRT-PCR data conferred the iron responsiveness of putative iron-deficiency related E-box M3 and the iron-deficiency responsive cis-element 1 M6.

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23

Wei, Yu. "Identification and functional characterization of microRNA regulatory elements in Brassicaceae." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1826/2/declaimer-YuWei.pdf.

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As a class of short non-coding RNAs, microRNAs can regulate gene expression by a post-transcriptional pathway through repressing or degrading mRNA. In the evolutionary history, many plant microRNAs are highly conserved from green alge to land plants. In recent years, dramatic studies demonstrate that microRNAs play a crucial in plant growth and development, in response to environmental stresses. Some microRNAs can response to plant hormones, while some others are tissue or cell specific. The understanding of how these microRNAs are regulated at the transcriptional level is just initiated. With the aim to understand the regulatory mechanism of plant microRNA in evolutionary tem, and identify the most relevant cisregulatory elements in some microRNAs for improving the agriculture in the future, this study was carried out. microRNA390 is one of the many conserved microRNAs, it can indirectly regulate the ARFs expression level by targeting TAS3, and consequently regulate lateral organ and later root development in plants. In order to understand the regulatory mechanism of microRNAs in an evolutionary term, microRNA390a and microRNA390b in Arabidopsis were chosen and studied. In 16 phylogenetically related species within Brassicaceae, we analyzed the microRNA promoter sequences and identified overall conserved cREs in microRNA390 promoter regions, and accompanied with functional characterization, we obtained a good view of microRNA390 regulatory network. Based on 454 sequencing technique, took the microRNA sequences of sequenced Arabidopsis as reference, by assembling and aligning the microRNA promoter sequences, calculated the PWM and predicted the putative motifs with both MEME program and PlantCARE database, subsequently compared the motif similarities by TOMTOM program, we eventually obtained the putative ones met the required E-value. In the meantime, we reconstructed the phylogenetic trees of both paralogs by MEGA7 program. We identified 6 and 5 overall conserved cREs. Subsequently, we experimentally validated the putative cREs by Arabidopsis transformation and site-specific mutagenesis. The results we have obtained were as follows: (1) There were totally 29 microRNA loci in 9 families identified to be highly conserved, and totally 104 putative motifs were predicted in their promoter regions. (2) The reconstructed phylogenetic trees based on miRNA390a and miRNA390b promoter sequences respectively were compared with the the phylogenetic relationships (species trees) in known Brassicaceae phylogeny. The data derived from both promoter sequences were inconsistent with Brassicaceae phylogeny. This implied that there might be multiple copies of specific cREs in some specific species, hence the promoter sequences evolution of microRNA is not reflective of species phylogeny. (3) Took Arabidopsis thaliana as model plant, we successfully constructed GUS-fused promoters of miRNA390a and miRNA390b. The GUS histochemical assay indicated that the two paralogs expressed in different tissues in transgenic Arabidopsis. miRNA390a expressed in lateral root primordia, true leaves, cotyledons, as well as in the floral organs, yet it was absent from lateral root tip and shoot apical meristem; whereas miRNA390b specifically expressed on lateral root tips, and a more restricted expression pattern was detected on aerial part of true leaves and floral organ. These differences indicated possible sub-functionalization with respect to their ancestral miR390 during the evolutionary process. (4) Based on the six putative cREs identified in miRNA390a and the reliable WT constructs, we also constructed six GUS-fused promoters that undergone site-specific mutagenesis. The GUS assay demonstrated that the activity of putative cis-elements varied with distance to TSS. Mutations of proximal sites (m2 and m3) enhanced expression thereby M2 and M3 were likely to be silencers; while mutations of distal elements (m5 and m6) tended to decrease the promoter expression, hence M5 and M6 probably work as enhancers. These evidences suggest there was a specific modular cooperativity of miR390a cREs in regulating gene expression and mediating plant development. Furthermore, we treated the 7d-old transgenic seedlings with iron-deficiency, both the GUS assay and qRT-PCR data conferred the iron responsiveness of putative iron-deficiency related E-box M3 and the iron-deficiency responsive cis-element 1 M6.

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24

Slotte, Tanja. "Evolution of Flowering Time in the Tetraploid Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8311.

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25

Hughes, Sara Louise. "Interaction of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) with members of the Brassicaceae." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401328.

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26

Awadalla, Philip. "The molecular evolution of self-incompatibility loci in the Brassicaceae family." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10682.

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Self-incompatibility (SI), the recognition and rejection of selfed pollen, is a classic study system for population geneticists and cell and molecular biologists interested in it's spectacular polymorphism and it's evolution. This plant mating system is one of the few systems where the selection forces maintaining the extreme level of polymorphism is well-defined, yet how SI evolves remains poorly understood. In Brassica, SI is controlled maternally by haplotypes involving at least two related genes; the S-related kinase (SRK) and S-glycoprotein (SLG), and paternally by the recently discovered cystein rich pollen gene (SCR). Consistent with frequency-dependent selection these loci exhibit exceptional levels of high amino-acid variability with some regions being 'hypervariable' (HV), similar to the MHC locus. A major question is whether HV regions are targeted by balancing selection, or merely regions of relaxed selective constraint. A second question relates to the role that recombination may play, if any, in the evolution of SI. The genes controlling SI are thought to be tightly physically linked such that maternal and paternal alleles maintain haplotype configurations necessary for correct recognition. In Brassica, I observed that linkage disequilibrium and nucleotide diversity patterns indicate recombination of some form, perhaps gene conversion, plays an evolutionary role at the SLG gene. It also appears now that this locus may not be essential for the recognition response. To assess the true level of nucleotide diversity and recombination in natural populations, and to address whether HV regions are neutral versus under selection, I identified and characterized seven loci in Arabidopsis lyrata that are homologous to the SI-genes in Brassica. Segregation analyses shows that all but one set of sequences is unlinked to self-incompatibility in A. lyrata and exhibit relatively low levels of nucleotide diversity. SLG- and SRK-like variants have been identified that segregate with incompatibility groups in three independent families, and exhibit extremely high levels of polymorphisms, similar to MHC and Brassica SI, suggesting that this locus is targeted by balancing selection.

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Leschhorn, Bettina [Verfasser]. "Biogasbildungspotenzial von ausgewählten Nutzpflanzen aus der Familie der Brassicaceae / Bettina Leschhorn." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082503908/34.

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Schmuths, Heike. "Genetische Variabilität und phänotypische Plastizität der Modellpflanze Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Brassicaceae)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974145815.

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Bouchard, Johnathan. "Conservation analysis of potential cis-NATs in Brassicaceae plants for crop improvement." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121234.

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Canola fuels a multi-billion dollar industry in Canada. It is a Canadian trademarked name of specific cultivars derived from specific Brassicaceae plants. Cis-NATs are natural antisense transcripts that overlap a gene and are not translated into proteins. Instead, they silence their parent gene's expression through various mechanisms. Their role in humans is well established, but their role in plants is relatively obscure. The goal of this thesis project is to analyze the conservation of cis-NATs across 8 different Brassicaceae genera (9 species). This is useful for picking up targets for crop improvement in canola. Conservation was studied across the 9 species, then across two subgroups of 4 and 2 species, respectively; cis-NATs simultaneously exhibiting conservation in all three scenarios were selected. A total of 34 potential candidates were identified. The study also suggests that the type of a cis-NAT might also affect its conservation. The presented methodology is a powerful pre-screening strategy to direct experimental efforts. It can be used with genes and other transcribed non-coding DNA.
Le canola est à la base d'une industrie canadienne de plusieurs milliards de dollars. En fait, le mot canola est un acronyme canadien incluant certaines plantes dérivées d'espèces de la famille des Brassicaceae. Les cis-NATs sont des molécules d'ARN qui ne sont pas traduites en protéines. Elles réduisent plutôt l'expression des gènes qu'elles superposent à travers différents mécanismes. Leur rôle chez les humains est bien établit, mais ce n'est pas le cas chez les plantes. Le but de cette thèse est d'identifier des cis-NATs qui sont conservés à travers 8 genres différents (9 espèces) de la famille des Brassicaceae. Cela est pratique pour identifier des candidats pouvant être utilisés pour une application agronomique. La conservation a été étudiée à travers les 9 espèces, puis à travers deux sous-groupes de 4 et 2 espèces, respectivement. Les cis-NATs qui démontraient une conservation à travers 9, 4, et 2 espèces simultanément ont été sélectionnés. 34 candidats ont été identifiés. Le projet de recherche suggère aussi que le type de cis-NAT peut potentiellement influencer sa conservation. La méthode présentée est une stratégie de recherche préalable et très efficace pour diriger les efforts expérimentaux. Elle peut être aussi utilisée avec des gènes ou n'importe quel autre élément génétique non codant qui est transcrit.

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Santana, Alessandra Figueiredo Kikuda. "Performance e preferência de imaturos selvagens de Ascia monuste (Godart, 1819) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) na mudança e na privação de hospedeiros alimentares diferentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-17042008-091705/.

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Lagartas de Ascia monuste (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) são especialistas em Brassicaceae, sendo uma das maiores consumidoras desta família da região Neotropical. No campo, uma grande proporção de lagartas migra para outros hospedeiros e freqüentemente deparam-se com variações nutricionais e espaciais de alimento. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar a performance dos imaturos de A. monuste em quatro combinações de alimentações, com hospedeiros alimentares diferentes numa mesma fase ontogenética, utilizando-se três hospedeiros naturais: couve (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) e rúcula (Eruca sativa), e couve e repolho (B. oleracea var. capitata). Estas plantas diferem quanto ao conteúdo de nitrogênio, com couve e rúcula tendo quantidades semelhantes e maiores que o repolho. Além disso, foi avaliado, tanto em campo quanto em laboratório, se a experiência alimentar prévia influencia na escolha de alimento no instar larval subseqüente, e quais seriam os efeitos de um período de privação de 24 horas de alimento, antes da mudança de hospedeiro, sobre a performance do inseto. Apesar de pequenas diferenças digestórias, possivelmente causadas pela adequação às diferenças de nutrientes, o tempo de desenvolvimento não diferiu significativamente entre os tratamentos; houve uma porcentagem de emergência e fecundidade potencial altas. De acordo com os resultados encontrados no presente estudo, rúcula e repolho seriam os hospedeiros de valores nutritivos semelhantes e couve, o hospedeiro de valor nutritivo diferente (e mais adequado para a performance de A. monuste). Pupas originadas de lagartas alimentadas com rúcula e repolho apresentaram, de uma forma geral, menor quantidade de massa e menos oócitos, inclusive quando houve privação alimentar entre os hospedeiros. A preferência alimentar por rúcula, ao invés de couve, e por couve, ao invés de repolho, independente do alimento prévio, mostra que a experiência prévia não determina a escolha por hospedeiros em imaturos em A. monuste. A preferência em campo diferiu daquela encontrada em laboratório. A privação de 24 horas de alimento entre a mudança de hospedeiros não provocou danos adicionais na performance das lagartas alimentadas com couve e rúcula, mas aumentou as taxas de mortalidade dos grupos alimentados com couve e repolho.
Ascia monuste (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) caterpillars are Brassicaceae specialists, being one of the most important comsumers of this plant family in the Neotropical region. In the field, a high proportion of immatures migrates to other hosts in order to develop properly, probably facing some variation in terms of nutritional value and location of their hosts. The main objective of this study was to investigate how the feeding of caterpillars of same ontogenetic phase on different hosts [kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) and rucola (Eruca sativa L.), and kale and cabbage (Brassica olerace L. var. capitata)], affects the corresponding performance of A. monuste. The hosts above mentioned differ in their nitrogen content: kale and rucola have similar nitrogen quantity, and kale has higher quantity than cabbage. In addition, it was evaluated whether the previous host would influence food choice in subsequent larval instar, in the field and in laboratory, as well as the effects of 24 hours of food deprivation on immature performance before switching the host. Beside few differences caused by host switching, possibly by the differences in nutrient levels, all the feeding tests originated similar performances and viable adults. When the preference was determined by the first caterpillar ingestion, previous experience did not influence host choice: caterpillars chose rucola instead of kale, and kale instead of cabbage, independently of previous host. But, when preference was determined by the total amount of ingested food, previous experience acted as a fagoestimulant in kale and rucola as hosts. It was not possible to detect what determine larval preference in the field. All plants tested were attractive for the caterpillars and the migration may occur for hosts that are close and easier to find. The 24 h food deprivation did not increase the effects of host change, but did present some differences. Rucola and cabbage could be less adequate hosts on final instars, because pupae whose larvae ingested these crucifers presented, in general, less pupal mass and also less oocytes, even when food deprivation does not occured.

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Altoé, Thiago da Silva. "Potencial de Trichogramma pretiosum (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) visando ao manejo de Trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera:noctuidae)." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6618.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago da Silva Altoe.pdf: 286806 bytes, checksum: 1e768c565a73c84a09d913fc5468daf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-31
This research had the objective to study the biology and determine the thermal exigencies of Trichogramma pretiosum reared on Trichoplusia ni eggs, in temperatures of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33°C and the parasitism capacity on the ideal temperature as well. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratório de Entomologia (NUDEMAFI) of Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA UFES). The relationship of the egg-adult period presented an inverse ratio with the temperature increase, this way, 18 days in 18°C and 6 days in 33°C were necessary. Viabilities above 90% were found in the temperatures of 18 to 27°C. The highest temperatures promoted smallest parasitism rates. The number of individuals emerged per egg and the sex ratio did not suffer influence of temperature variation. About the basis temperature (Tb) and the thermal constant (K) of T.pretiosum in T.ni, eggs, the values obtained were of 11,84°C and 128,37°GD. When the parasitism capacity was tested under the temperature of 24°C, there was a small oscillation on the daily parasitism, varying from 1,0 to 2,6 parasitized eggs. The average number of parasitism per female per day was of 2,0 eggs, in a period of 14 days. The accumulated egg parasitism reached 80% in the ninth day. The females survival of the parasitoid showed a normal distribution, presenting brusque fall in the sixth day. The results obtained in the present research demonstrate that T. pretiosum can be used in the fitossanitary management of T. ni
Esta pesquisa objetivou estudar a biologia e determinar as exigências térmicas de Trichogramma pretiosum criado em ovos de Trichoplusia ni, nas temperaturas de 18, 21, 24 27, 30 e 33°C, bem como a capacidade de parasitismo na temperatura ideal. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Entomologia do NUDEMAFI, no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA UFES). A relação do período de desenvolvimento ovo-adulto apresentou uma relação inversa ao incremento da temperatura, sendo necessários 18 dias a 18°C e 6 dias a 33°C. Viabilidades superiores a 90% foram encontradas nas temperaturas de 18 a 27°C. As maiores temperaturas proporcionaram menores taxas de viabilidade. O número de indivíduos emergidos por ovo e a razão sexual não sofreram influência da variação da temperatura. Com relação à temperatura base (Tb) e a constante térmica (K) de T. pretiosum em ovos de T. ni, os valores obtidos foram de 11,84°C e 128,37°GD. Quando testado a capacidade de parasitismo a temperatura de 24°C, o parasitismo diário apresentou uma pequena oscilação variando de 1,0 a 2,6 ovos parasitados. O número médio de parasitismo por fêmea por dia foi de 2,0 ovos, num período de 14 dias. O parasitismo acumulado de ovos atingiu 80% no nono dia. A sobrevivência das fêmeas do parasitóide apresentou uma distribuição normal, apresentando queda brusca no sexto dia. Os resultados obtidos na presente pesquisa demonstram que T. pretiosum pode ser utilizado no manejo fitossanitário de T. ni

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Nelson, A. D. L., E. S. Forsythe, U. K. Devisetty, D. S. Clausen, A. K. Haug-Batzell, A. M. R. Meldrum, M. R. Frank, E. Lyons, and M. A. Beilstein. "A Genomic Analysis of Factors Driving lincRNA Diversification: Lessons from Plants." GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621708.

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Transcriptomic analyses from across eukaryotes indicate that most of the genome is transcribed at some point in the developmental trajectory of an organism. One class of these transcripts is termed long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs). Recently, attention has focused on understanding the evolutionary dynamics of lincRNAs, particularly their conservation within genomes. Here, we take a comparative genomic and phylogenetic approach to uncover factors influencing lincRNA emergence and persistence in the plant family Brassicaceae, to which Arabidopsis thaliana belongs. We searched 10 genomes across the family for evidence of >5000 lincRNA loci from A. thaliana. From loci conserved in the genomes of multiple species, we built alignments and inferred phylogeny. We then used gene tree/species tree reconciliation to examine the duplication history and timing of emergence of these loci. Emergence of lincRNA loci appears to be linked to local duplication events, but, surprisingly, not whole genome duplication events (WGD), or transposable elements. Interestingly, WGD events are associated with the loss of loci for species having undergone relatively recent polyploidy. Lastly, we identify 1180 loci of the 6480 previously annotated A. thaliana lincRNAs (18%) with elevated levels of conservation. These conserved lincRNAs show higher expression, and are enriched for stress-responsiveness and cis-regulatory motifs known as conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs). These data highlight potential functional pathways and suggest that CNSs may regulate neighboring genes at both the genomic and transcriptomic level. In sum, we provide insight into processes that may influence lincRNA diversification by providing an evolutionary context for previously annotated lincRNAs.

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Vicente, Caviedes Alicia. "El género Biscutella, ser. Biscutella: aspectos taxonómicos, nomenclaturales y filogenéticos." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/81708.

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El género Biscutella, perteneciente a la familia Brassicaceae, fue descrito por Linneo (1753) en su obra Species Plantarum. Comprende plantas anuales o perennes, a veces sufruticosas, con hojas basales generalmente arrosetadas y pétalos amarillos, cuyo rasgo más característico es su peculiar fruto. Este género es conocido por su complejidad taxonómica, ya que presenta una relativa uniformidad en muchos de sus caracteres morfológicos, y una amplia plasticidad en aquellos que sí varían. Ante este grado de dificultad, la presente tesis doctoral aborda el estudio taxonómico del género integrando, por primera vez, los puntos de vista morfológicos y filogenéticos. Para adaptar las dimensiones del estudio a las consideradas adecuadas para una tesis doctoral, el trabajo se ha centrado en un grupo del género, B. ser. Biscutella, con la intención de poder aplicar el conocimiento obtenido durante su desarrollo en estudios futuros que incluyan al género en su totalidad. La tesis está organizada como compendio de publicaciones, entre las que se encuentran artículos ya publicados y dos manuscritos aún pendientes de publicación. Estos artículos han sido organizados en dos secciones distintas. La primera comprende 4 capítulos que corresponden a publicaciones que versan sobre tipificaciones o aclaraciones taxonómicas de algunas de las especies de B. ser. Biscutella, y que constituyen un paso previo imprescindible para abordar correctamente el estudio posterior. La sección II incluye estudios taxonómicos o sistemáticos sobre parte, o la totalidad de la serie, que incluyen herramientas moleculares y finalizan con una nueva propuesta taxonómica para B. ser. Biscutella.

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Busch, Jeremiah W. "The evolution of self-compatibility and its genetic consequences in Leavenworthia alabamica (Brassicaceae)." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3183495.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2005.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-08, Section: B, page: 4033. Adviser: Lynda F. Delph. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 10, 2006).

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Acarkan, Adile. "Studien zur Genomkolinearität in der Familie der Brassicaceae Arabidopsis thaliana und Capsella rubella /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961931167.

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Kamitani, Mari. "Analysis on virus-virus and virus-host interactions in Brassicaceae in natural environments." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225436.

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Susko, David J. "The ovule ecology of garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae), and other mustard species." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0011/NQ52441.pdf.

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Barkhuizen, Helmien. "Mode of action studies of defensin peptides from native South African Brassicaceae species." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80365.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Plant defensin peptides have become promising and attractive candidates to be used as antifungal agents in agricultural biotechnology. These peptides have a broad spectrum antifungal activity and play a vital role in the innate immune system of plants. Plant diseases caused by fungi are a major contributor to the decrease in the quality and safety of agricultural products. Due to the dangerous effects and negative environmental impact of pesticides, an effective, safe, natural and durable method to control crop pathogens has therefore become one of the major concerns in modern agriculture. Although these peptides are promising and attractive candidates, their precise mechanism of action is to date still unknown. Several common observations have been made. These include the antagonistic effect of cations on the activity of plant defensins. It is of vital importance to understand the underlying mechanism of the cation-antagonistic effect on the antifungal potency of defensin peptides in order to evaluate the possible contribution to defence reactions against microorganisms in planta. To this end we set out to characterize the effect of cations in the form of biological salts, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 on the structural stability and activity in terms of growth inhibition, morphological effects and permeabilization. In order to perform these characterization experiments, a production method resulting in a greater yield and involving simple and rapid purification methods was required. Heliophila coronopifolia peptides have previously been produced in a bacterial system, however the purification methods were tedious resulting in poor yields. Pichia pastoris was selected as production system as several other plant defensins have been successfully produced in this eukaryotic system. Hc-AFP1 and Hc-AFP3 was successfully produced using the Pichia production system and rendered active peptides. Hc-AFP2 and Hc- AFP4 was, however, not produced correctly, due to a post-translational modification event leading to the cyclization of the N-terminal glutamine to generate pyroglutamic acid. This modification negatively influenced the activity of these peptides. An active Hc-AFP2 could be produced by replacing the production buffer with a reduced ionic buffer. The effect of divalent and monovalent cations on the secondary structure of Hc-AFP1 was evaluated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. These cations induced a conformational change in the secondary structure of Hc-AFP1, with NaCl and MgCl2 inducing a more defined secondary structure and KCl and CaCl2 inducing a less defined secondary structure. Monovalent cations caused a slight reduction in the growth inhibition activity of Hc-AFP1 on Botrytis cinerea, however, characteristic hyperbranching and other morphogentic effects were still visible. Divalent cations had a greater antagonistic effect on the activity of Hc-AFP1, completely abolishing the growth inhibitory activity of the peptide, but the induced morphological effects on hyphae remained present. The activity of Hc-AFP1 to permeabilize B. cinerea hyphae was not influenced by the addition of cations, however it was in fact increased to up to 10-fold. However, since the growth inhibition activity of Hc-AFP1 was reduced in the presence of the biological salts indicates that permeabilization is not the sole activity responsible for growth inhibition caused by Hc-AFP1. This peptide probably has an alternative/primary target and more complex MOA. This is the first known report of the investigation of the influence of cations on the structure of plant defensin peptides. It is clear that cations induce a secondary structural conformational change in Hc-AFP1. This may be linked to the antagonism on the activity of this peptide. This study provides significant progress towards the structure-function analysis of plant defensins.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Plantdefensinpeptiede word beskou as belowende en aantreklike kandidate vir gebruik as swammiddles in agribiotegnologie. Hierdie peptiede beskik oor breë spektrum antifungiese aktiwiteit en speel ‘n essensiële rol in die ingebore immuunsisteem van plante. Plant siektes wat deur swamme veroorsaak word dra betekenisvol by tot die afname in die kwaliteit en veiligheid van landbouprodukte. As gevolg van die skadelike effekte en negatiewe omgewingsimpak van plaagdoders, het effektiewe, veilige, natuurlike en duursame metodes om gewaspatogene te beheer, van die belangrikste vraagstukke van moderne landbou geword. Alhoewel hierdie peptiede belowende en aantreklike kandidate is vir die toepassing, is hulle presiese meganisme van aksie tot vandag toe steeds onbekend. Verskeie algemene waarnemings is egter al gemaak. Dit sluit die antagonistiese effek van katione op die aktiwiteit van plantdefensinpeptiede in. Dit is kernbelangrik om die onderliggende meganisme van die katioon-antagonistiese effek op die antifungiese effektiwiteit te verstaan om die moontlike bydrae van die peptiede tot die verdedigingsreaksies teen mikro-organismes in planta te evalueer. Met die doel voor oë het ons gemik om die effek van katione, spesifiek in die vorm van die biologiese soute NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 en CaCl2, op die strukturele stabiliteit en aktiwiteit in terme van groei inhibisie, morfologiese effekte en permeabilisasie te karakteriseer. Om uiteindelik hierdie karakterisasie eksperimente uit te voer was dit nodig om ‘n metode met ‘n groter opbrengs en wat vinnige suiwering van die peptied ondersteun, te optimiseer. Heliophila coronopifolia peptiede was voorheen in ‘n bakteriese sisteem geproduseer, maar die suiweringsmetodes was tydsaam en het gelei tot ‘n swak opbrengs. Pichia pastoris is dus geselekteer as die produksie sisteem aangesien verskeie ander plantdefensinpeptiede al suksesvol geproduseer is in hierdie eukariotiese sisteem. Hc-AFP1 and Hc-AFP3 is suksesvol vervaardig in die Pichia sisteem en het aktiewiteit getoon. Hc-AFP2 and Hc-AFP4 kon egter nie korrek vervaardig word nie as gevolg van ‘n na-vertalingsverandering wat gelei het tot die siklisering van die N-terminale glutamien, om piroglutamiensuur te lewer. Hierdie verandering het die aktiwiteit van die peptied negatief beinvloed. ‘n Aktiewe Hc-AFP2 kon wel vervaardig word deur die produksiebuffer te vervang met ‘n lae-ionise buffer. Die effek van divalente en monovalente katione op die sekondêre struktuur van Hc-AFP1 is ge-evalueer deur van sirkulêre dikroisme spektroskopie gebruik te maak. Hierdie katione het ‘n vouingsverandering in die sekondêre struktuur van Hc-AFP1 geïnduseer, NaCl and MgCl2 het ‘n meer gedefinieërde sekondêre struktuur induseer, terwyl KCl and CaCl2 ‘n minder gedefinieërde sekondêre struktuur geinduseer het. Monovalente katione het ‘n effense vermindering in die groei-inhibisie aktiwiteit van Hc-AFP1 op Botrytis cinerea veroorsaak, alhoewel kenmerkende hife-oorvertakking en ander morfologiese effekte nogsteeds sigbaar was. Divalente katione het ‘n sterker antagonistiese effek gehad op die aktiwiteit van Hc-AFP1, waar dit totaal en al die groei-inhibisie aktiwiteit van die peptied vernietig het, alhoewel die geïnduseerde morfologiese effekte op die hiffes steeds sigbaar was . Die aktiwiteit van Hc-AFP1 om B. cinerea hyphae te permeabiliseer is nie negatief beinvloed deur die byvoeging van katione nie, tewens dit het die aktiwiteit tot 10-voudig verhoog. Aangesien die groei-inhibisie aktiwiteit van Hc-AFP1 nie verminder is in die teenwoordigheid van die biologiese soute nie, dui dit aan dat permeabilisasie nie die enigste aktiwiteit is wat die groei inhibisie veroorsaak het nie. Die peptied het dus moontlik ‘n alternatiewe of primêre teiken en ‘n meer komplekse meganisme van aksie. Dit is die eerste verslag wat die invloed van katione op die struktuur van plantdefensinpeptiede ondersoek het. Dit is duidelik dat katione ‘n sekondêre strukturele vouingsverandering in Hc-AFP1 induseer. Hierdie verandering mag dalk bydra tot die antagonistiese uitwerking op die aktiwiteit van hierdie peptied. Hierdie studie het betekensisvolle vordering gemaak met die analise van die struktuur-funksie interaksie van plantdefensinpeptiede.
The National Research Foundation (NRF), Institute of Wine Biotechnology (IWBT), THRIP and Winetech for financial assistance.

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Monsalve, López Christhian. "Taxonomía y distribución de la familia Brassicaceae en la provincia de Huaylas, Ancash." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/807.

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En la provincia de Huaylas se presenta una gran diversidad de ecosistemas andinos en los que la familia Brassicaceae es una de las más representativas familias de plantas. Para determinar y caracterizar tal diversidad, se realizó un estudio taxonómico y de distribución de la familia Brassicaceae en la provincia de Huaylas, departamento de Ancash. Las especies fueron colectadas y procesadas siguiendo métodos estándares. Las determinaciones se realizaron utilizando claves taxonómicas y a través de la consulta y comparación con el material disponible en el Herbario San Marcos (USM). Se estableció la distribución geográfica y los rangos de distribución altitudinal para cada una de las especies a través del mapeo de las localidades de colecta sobre mapas base de la provincia de Huaylas. Se encontró un total de 12 géneros y 25 especies en la provincia de Huaylas, de las cuales, ocho constituyen adiciones a las especies de la familia Brassicaceae previamente reportadas para el departamento de Ancash como Descurainia depressa, Draba alyssoides y Sisymbrium peruvianum. De las 25 especies presentes en Huaylas, 18 se encontraron tanto en la Cordillera Negra como en la Cordillera Blanca, 6 sólo en la Cordillera Negra y 1 sólo en la Cordillera Blanca. En Huaylas no se encontró ninguna de las especies reportadas como endémicas para Ancash. Se encontraron diferencias entre los rangos altitudinales de los géneros, y entre especies de un mismo género. El 44% de las especies fueron colectadas exclusivamente por encima de los 3500 msnm. Se incrementó en aproximadamente el doble el número de especies reportadas para Huaylas.
--- In the Huaylas province there is a great diversity of andean ecosystems in which the Brassicaceae family is one of the most representative plant families. In order to determine and characterize such diversity, a taxonomic and distributional study of the Brassicaceae family was carried out in the Huaylas province, Ancash department. The species were collected and processed following standard methods. The determinations were done using taxonomic keys and through the consult and comparison of the material available in the San Marcos Herbarium (USM). The geographic distribution and the altitudinal ranges were established for each one of the species through the mapping of the collect localities over base maps of Huaylas province. A total of 12 genera and 25 species were found in the Huaylas province, from which 8 are additions to the species of the Brassicaceae family previously reported for the Ancash department like Descurainia depressa, Draba alyssoides and Sisymbrium peruvianum. Of the 25 species presented in the Huaylas province, 18 were found in both the Cordillera Negra and the Cordillera Blanca, 6 only in the Cordillera Negra and 1 only in the Cordillera Blanca. Any of the species reported as endemic for Ancash was found in the Huaylas province. Differences among the altitudinal ranges of the genera and species of the same genera were found. 44% of the species were collected exclusively over 3500 m above the sea level. The number of species reported for Huaylas was increased in near the double.
Tesis

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40

Melega, Simone <1983&gt. "Studio degli effetti funzionali e tossici di derivati di Brassicaceae in modelli sperimentali." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5506/1/Melega_Simone_tesi.pdf.

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I vegetali appartenenti alla famiglia delle Brassicaceae, sono ricchi di molecole biologicamente attive note per le numerose proprietà salutari. L’effetto di un estratto di germogli di cavolo nero toscano (TBCSE) è stato investigato, in termini chemiopreventivi, sugli enzimi epatici del metabolismo degli xenobiotici e antiossidanti, in ratti trattati con TBCSE. I risultati hanno mostrato un complesso pattern di modulazione, con una prevalente inibizione, del sistema citocromo P450-dipendente, e induzioni significative degli enzimi di fase II (glutatione transferasi e glucuronosiltransferasi) e antiossidanti (catalasi, NAD(P)H:chinone reduttasi, glutatione reduttasi e perossidasi). Successivamente, l’effetto di TBCSE è stato studiato nei confronti delle alterazioni provocate da un’alimentazione iperlipidica nel ratto. Il trattamento si è dimostrato efficace nel contrastare gli effetti deleteri dei grassi presenti nella dieta, come l’iperlipidemia, l’aumento del peso corporeo e del fegato, l’indebolimento delle attività degli enzimi antiossidanti e del potenziale detossificante a livello epatico. Complessivamente, TBCSE emerge essere un promettente prodotto nutraceutico con potenziali effetti chemiopreventivi, e da impiegare come strategia alimentare per contrastare gli effetti correlati ad una dieta iperlipidica. Il consumo di dosi sovralimentari di molecole isolate dalle Brassicaceae, tramite per esempio integratori dietetici, come strategia alimentare preventiva, potrebbe tuttavia rappresentare un rischio per la salute. La potenziale tossicità del sulforafane, glucorafanina, indolo-3-carbinolo, e 3,3'-diindolimetano, è stata valutata in epatociti primari di ratto. La citotossicità e l’induzione di stress ossidativo, osservate a concentrazioni non lontane da quelle che potrebbero essere raggiunte in vivo, insieme ad una forte modulazione dell’espressione genica, riguardante principalmente il metabolismo degli xenobiotici, risposte ad alterazioni dello stato ossidoredutivo, eventi di riparazione del DNA e di proteine, induzione dell’apoptosi, e meccanismi (co)cancerogeni, sottolineano la potenzialità di queste molecole di determinare un rischio tossicologico, in seguito ad un’assunzione prolungata e ad alte dosi.
Brassica vegetables are rich in bioactive phytochemicals known for their healthy properties. The chemopreventive potential of sprout extract from Tuscan black cabbage (TBCSE), through modulation of hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing apparatus and antioxidant defenses, was investigated in rats administered with the extract. A complex, mild modulation pattern, mainly inhibition, of the P450-related monooxygenases as well as significant inductions of phase II (glutathione S-transferase and UDPglucuronosyl-transferase glutathione) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, glutathione reductase and peroxidase), were recorded. Afterward, the role of TBCSE intake was studied against the alterations from a high fat diet. The extract was able to counteract the hyperlipidaemia, the body and liver weight gains, and the antioxidant as well as the phase II enzymes deregulation, induced by the diet rich in fat. Overall, these results are in support of the potential health-promoting application of TBCSE, as a nutraceutical, to counteract the perturbations associated with a hyperlipidaemic diet, and with chemopreventive properties. A high intake of dietary supplements based on Brassica derived phytochemicals, as alimentary strategy for boosting health, might, nevertheless, be harmful. The potential toxicity of sulforaphane, glucoraphanin, indole-3-carbinol and 3,3’-diindolylmethane, was evaluated in primary rat heapatocytes. The cytotoxicity and the oxidative stress, observed at concentrations, not far from the ones reached in in vivo experiments, along with the strong modulation of gene expression, mainly concerning xenobiotic metabolism, response to cellular redox status alterations, DNA and proteins repair, apoptosis induction, and (co)carcinogenic mechanisms, underline the potential risk deriving from a regular intake of high doses of molecules from Brassicaceae.

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41

Melega, Simone <1983&gt. "Studio degli effetti funzionali e tossici di derivati di Brassicaceae in modelli sperimentali." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5506/.

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I vegetali appartenenti alla famiglia delle Brassicaceae, sono ricchi di molecole biologicamente attive note per le numerose proprietà salutari. L’effetto di un estratto di germogli di cavolo nero toscano (TBCSE) è stato investigato, in termini chemiopreventivi, sugli enzimi epatici del metabolismo degli xenobiotici e antiossidanti, in ratti trattati con TBCSE. I risultati hanno mostrato un complesso pattern di modulazione, con una prevalente inibizione, del sistema citocromo P450-dipendente, e induzioni significative degli enzimi di fase II (glutatione transferasi e glucuronosiltransferasi) e antiossidanti (catalasi, NAD(P)H:chinone reduttasi, glutatione reduttasi e perossidasi). Successivamente, l’effetto di TBCSE è stato studiato nei confronti delle alterazioni provocate da un’alimentazione iperlipidica nel ratto. Il trattamento si è dimostrato efficace nel contrastare gli effetti deleteri dei grassi presenti nella dieta, come l’iperlipidemia, l’aumento del peso corporeo e del fegato, l’indebolimento delle attività degli enzimi antiossidanti e del potenziale detossificante a livello epatico. Complessivamente, TBCSE emerge essere un promettente prodotto nutraceutico con potenziali effetti chemiopreventivi, e da impiegare come strategia alimentare per contrastare gli effetti correlati ad una dieta iperlipidica. Il consumo di dosi sovralimentari di molecole isolate dalle Brassicaceae, tramite per esempio integratori dietetici, come strategia alimentare preventiva, potrebbe tuttavia rappresentare un rischio per la salute. La potenziale tossicità del sulforafane, glucorafanina, indolo-3-carbinolo, e 3,3'-diindolimetano, è stata valutata in epatociti primari di ratto. La citotossicità e l’induzione di stress ossidativo, osservate a concentrazioni non lontane da quelle che potrebbero essere raggiunte in vivo, insieme ad una forte modulazione dell’espressione genica, riguardante principalmente il metabolismo degli xenobiotici, risposte ad alterazioni dello stato ossidoredutivo, eventi di riparazione del DNA e di proteine, induzione dell’apoptosi, e meccanismi (co)cancerogeni, sottolineano la potenzialità di queste molecole di determinare un rischio tossicologico, in seguito ad un’assunzione prolungata e ad alte dosi.
Brassica vegetables are rich in bioactive phytochemicals known for their healthy properties. The chemopreventive potential of sprout extract from Tuscan black cabbage (TBCSE), through modulation of hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing apparatus and antioxidant defenses, was investigated in rats administered with the extract. A complex, mild modulation pattern, mainly inhibition, of the P450-related monooxygenases as well as significant inductions of phase II (glutathione S-transferase and UDPglucuronosyl-transferase glutathione) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, glutathione reductase and peroxidase), were recorded. Afterward, the role of TBCSE intake was studied against the alterations from a high fat diet. The extract was able to counteract the hyperlipidaemia, the body and liver weight gains, and the antioxidant as well as the phase II enzymes deregulation, induced by the diet rich in fat. Overall, these results are in support of the potential health-promoting application of TBCSE, as a nutraceutical, to counteract the perturbations associated with a hyperlipidaemic diet, and with chemopreventive properties. A high intake of dietary supplements based on Brassica derived phytochemicals, as alimentary strategy for boosting health, might, nevertheless, be harmful. The potential toxicity of sulforaphane, glucoraphanin, indole-3-carbinol and 3,3’-diindolylmethane, was evaluated in primary rat heapatocytes. The cytotoxicity and the oxidative stress, observed at concentrations, not far from the ones reached in in vivo experiments, along with the strong modulation of gene expression, mainly concerning xenobiotic metabolism, response to cellular redox status alterations, DNA and proteins repair, apoptosis induction, and (co)carcinogenic mechanisms, underline the potential risk deriving from a regular intake of high doses of molecules from Brassicaceae.

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42

Satou, Yasuhiro. "Associational anti-herbivore defense in the trichome dimorphism of Arabidopsis halleri subsp. gemmifera (Brassicaceae)." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215349.

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Dibelli, Wanderlei [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) em Brassicaceae ao longo de gerações." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110311.

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Espécies da família Brassicaceae fazem parte da alimentação básica mundial. Suas características nutricionais mostram altos teores de vitaminas, fibras, minerais, fenóis, flavonóides, ácido hidroxicinâmico, açúcares solúveis, ácidos graxos e carotenoides, além de substâncias secundárias como glucosinolatos que, atualmente, são reconhecidos pelas propriedades antioxidantes e anticancerígenas. A traça-das-crucíferas, Plutella xylostella, é um dos principais fatores limitantes deste cultivo no mundo, devido aos sérios danos que causa às plantas, depreciando o produto e ocasionando grandes perdas nos campos de produção, portanto, o conhecimento do desenvolvimento deste inseto em diferentes cultivares é importante para que se possa determinar aquelas menos propícias para o inseto. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se houve influência do substrato alimentar das lagartas (variedades de Brassicaceae) no desenvolvimento de P. xylostella, ao longo de 18 gerações. Os insetos foram criados em 3 variedades/cultivares de importância comercial para a região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo: Brassica oleracea var. acephala - couve Manteiga hibrida HS-20, Brassica oleracea var. italica - brócolis Piracicaba e Brassica oleracea var. capitata - repolho Bob Cat. A cada 3 gerações aspectos biológicos do inseto criado nos diferentes substratos de alimentação foram avaliados em ensaios de laboratório. As características biológicas analisadas foram: consumo foliar, período larval, viabilidade de larvas, período pupal, viabilidade de pupas, peso pupal, razão sexual, número de ovos por fêmea, fertilidade de ovos, longevidade de machos e longevidade de fêmeas. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise fatorial comparando-se gerações e cultivares. Os parâmetros biológicos de P. xylostella demonstraram que repolho foi o menos consumido e o que apresentou ...
Species of Brassicaceae family are part of the global food base. Nutritional characteristics of brassics show high levels of vitamins, fiber, minerals, phenols, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acid, soluble sugars, fatty acids and carotenoids, and secondary substances such as glucosinolates that are currently recognized by the antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic effects. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is one of the main limiting factors of this crop in the world, due to the serious damage that cause to plants, depreciating the product and causing serious reductions in the field production. The knowledge of the biology of this insect in different cultivars is important so that you can determine those less favorable to the pest development and reproduce. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the larvae food substrate (Brassicaceae’s varieties) in the P. xylostella development over 18 generations. Insects were reared on 3 comercial varieties/cultivars of importance to the northeastern of Sao Paulo State: Brassica oleracea var. acephala - kale Manteiga hibrida HS-20, Brassica oleracea var. italica - broccoli Piracicaba and Brassica oleracea var. capitata - cabbage Bob Cat. Every 3 generations the biological aspects of P. xylostella were evaluated in laboratory trials. The biological parameters evaluated were: leaf consumption, larval period, larval viability, pupal period, pupal viability, pupal weight, sex ratio, number of eggs per female, egg fertility, and longevity of males and females. The results were analysed comparing generations and cultivars. The biological parameters of P. xylostella showed that cabbage cultivar was less consumed and the larval period was longer while the pupal period was shorter. However, the low initial performance of this cultivar was being improved over the generations, matching the others in the latest generations ...

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Melen, Miranda K. "A promiscuous wallflower| The rare Zayante sandhills endemic Eerysimum teretifolium (Brassicaceae) benefits from outcrossing." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1560861.

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The Zayante sandhills ecosystem of Santa Cruz County, California, contains a rich mosaic of plants and animals adapted to unusual soils and microclimates. In this environment, local adaptation of populations is expected to lead to greater endemism and outbreeding depression. Anthropogenic fragmentation has further isolated populations, however, which paradoxically could result in inbreeding depression. One of these plants, Erysimum teretifolium (Ben Lomond wallflower) is an endangered endemic herb in the Brassicaceae family. This study assessed genetic mixing across remnant patches of E. teretifolium in order to estimate the effects of fragmentation and the reliance on pollinators. A captive breeding colony was established from seeds collected from four locations across the Zayante sandhills and used in 161 pollinations. Individual allele frequencies were measured using microsatellites, and pollination potential was evaluated through insect camera trapping. Self-pollinations produced 6.5 times fewer seeds than outcrosses. There is no evidence of outbreeding depression. Results suggest that there is a potential for inbreeding depression; however, it is possible that self-incompatibility and reliance on pollinators for outcrosses across geographic divides may be buffering effects. Implications for managers include evidence that geographic origin of individuals may not be critical for reintroduction; however, conservation of the pollinator community should remain a priority.

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Kose, Lerato Esther. "A search for taxonomically informative characters in the large genus Heliophila L. (Brassicaceae/Cruciferae)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52694.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT:Several authors regard the subdivision of the large genus Heliophila as unsatisfactory and in need of a detailed taxonomic study. Previous studies on this genus were based exclusively on gross external morphological characters. The present study investigates patterns of variation in Heliophila in order to identify taxonomically informative characters that could be used in the subdivision of this large genus. The study differs from previous studies in Heliophila because, in addition to macro-morphology, it employs micro- morphological (SEM) and palynological evidence to elucidate the subdivisio.n of Heliophila. The study emanates from a taxonomic revision of Heliophila proposed by Sander (1860), in which he subdivided the genus into six sections, based on the variation in fruit characters. Subsequent authors ignored the sections, regarding the generic subdivision as insufficiently supported, hence unsatisfactory . The results of cluster analysis, which are based on all the characters examined in the study (overall variation), propose the subdivision of Heliophila into three main clades: Micromorphological characters of fruits, seeds, and leaves are consistently found to be more congruent with the phenogram than macro-morphological characters of the same organs. This suggests that micro-morphological characters are taxonomically informative in Heliophila and should prove very important in a future phylogenetic classification of the genus. Palynological characters were found to be of limited taxonomic importance in the subdivision of the genus.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verskeie outeurs beskou die onderverdeling van die groot genus Heliophila as onbevredigend, en meen dat dit 'n gedetaileerde taksonomies studie benodig. Vorige studies op hierdie genus het slegs op ekstern morfologiese kenmerke gekonsentreer. In die huidige studie word patrone van variasie in Heliophila ondersoek met die oog op 'n moontlike onderverdeling van die genus, en taksonomies betek~nisvolle kenmerke wat in hierdie verband gebruik kan word, word geidentifiseer. Die huidige stud'e verskil van vorige studies daarin dat, benewens makro-morfologiese kenmerke, dit ook mikro-~rfologiese tegnieke (SEM) en palinologiese kenmerke gebruik om 'n sinvolle subverdeling van Heliophila te probeer vind. Die huidige studie spruit uit 'n taksonomiese hersiening van Heliophila deur Sonder (1860), waarin hy voorstel dat die genus in ses seksies verdeel word op grond van variasie in vrug kenmerke. Hierdie generiese onderverdeling en die voorgestelde seksies is deur latere outeurs as onbevredigend beskou, en is meestal in die literatuur geignoreer. Die resultate van fenetiese analise, wat op alle ingeslote kenmerke gebaseer is (algehele variasie), stel voor dat Heliophila in drie hoof groepe verdeel moet word. Taksonomies belangrike kenmerke wat hierdie onderverdeling ondersteun sluit in blaartipe, variasie in blaar-oppervlakke (SEM), variasie in die aard van die saadhuid (SEM) en variasie in vrugoppervlakke (SEM). Palinologiese en makro-morfologiese kenmerke was van geringe waarde in die onderverdeling van die genus.

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Momoli, Marisa Moura. "Aspectos funcionais do gene thi1 em plantas selvagens e mutantes de Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-15102008-191554/.

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O gene thi1 foi isolado a partir de uma biblioteca de cDNA de A. thaliana devido à sua capacidade de complementar mutantes de E. coli para rotas de reparo de DNA. O posterior seqüenciamento desse gene permitiu a identificação de similaridade com genes de fungos ativados em condições de estresse ou ativados na ausência de tiamina (vitamina B1). A síntese de tiamina é de grande importância já que na forma pirofosfatada é coenzima essencial para vários processos vitais das células. No presente estudo, foi realizada a caracterização funcional do gene thi1 utilizando-se, para tanto, linhagens de A. thaliana mutante e/ou com expressão diferencial desse gene. Foram analisados parâmetros biológicos como viabilidade de sementes, antioxidantes, danos no DNA, e atividade transcricional e traducional do gene thi1. Foi iniciado, também, o processo de padronização da quantificação de tiamina em plantas. Foi observado, para a linhagem mutante, menor viabilidade de sementes, maior produção de antioxidantes e maior quantidade de danos no DNA de cloroplastos. Quanto à atividade transcricional e traducional, foi observado que o gene thi1 apresenta um pico de expressão no período da tarde com um ritmo circadiano em potencial. Além disso, o acúmulo da proteína nos tecidos acompanha o perfil de expressão de RNAm thi1, o que sugere que o modo de regulação primária do gene é em nível transcricional. A análise comparativa de proteína por gel bi-dimensional entre as linhagens selvagem e mutante permitiu a identificação de quatro proteínas em maior quantidade na mutante, sendo duas identificadas por seqüenciamento: enolase e fosfoglicerato desidrogenase. Na análise de tiamina foi observado que a linhagem mutante acumula um composto, não identificado, que emite fluorescência no mesmo comprimento de onda que as tiaminas, sendo, provavelmente, um precursor do tiazol. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho indicam que THI1 defectivo acarretaria em desbalanço metabólico e, não necessariamente, que o gene thi1 estaria envolvido em dupla função. Em bactérias, entre os precursores de tiazol, estão a cisteína e o gliceraldeído 3-fosfato (G3P). O G3P em excesso seria deslocado para o ciclo de Calvin a fim de regenerar a ribulose 1,5-bisfosfato. Maior quantidade de G3P, maior taxa fotossintética, maior produção de ROS, maior produção de antioxidantes na mutante. A maior disponibilidade de G3P aumentaria o fluxo de glicólise e, consequentemente, de respiração mitocondrial, aumentando a taxa de ROS. A fosfoglicerato desidrogenase, em maior quantidade na mutante, está envolvida na síntese de cisteina que acarreta na produção de glutationa. A glutationa e a cisteína, por sua vez, atuariam induzindo o promotor da SOD, acarretando, então, na produção de mais antioxidantes. Todos esses antioxidantes estariam envolvidos na detoxificação de ROS presente em excesso na linhagem mutante, que levaria à menor viabilidade de sementes e maior quantidade de danos no DNA. Devido à grande quantidade de ROS, haveria superexpressão de enolase, envolvida no bloqueio da proliferação celular e, subsequentemente, em morte celular programada, o que explicaria o retardo no desenvolvimento da linhagem mutante
thi1 gene was previously isolated from A. thaliana cDNA library due to its capacity to complement mutant Escherichia coli defective in DNA repair. The late analyse of this gene showed its similarity with yeast genes activated under stress conditions or activated in the absence of thiamine. It means that THI1 has bifunctional activity, being involved in thiamine biosynthesis and repair/tolerance to DNA damage. The thiamine biosynthesis is important because its phosphorilated form is a coenzyme essential to several vital process at the cell. The repair/tolerance to DNA damage shows its importance because it is necessary to maintenance the genetic stability of the individual. In the present study, we report the functional characterization of thi1 gene using A. thaliana lines with differential expression of this gene. We analyzed the seed viability, the fresh weight of different lines, thi1 mRNA expression, the amount of protein produced and the expression in situ using the thi1-GUS construction in different conditions. Besides that we quantified free radicals in the wild-type (WT) and mutant lines and analysed the response of the mutant line, with defective THI1, to the production of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzimatics antioxidants. We also quantified DNA damage in chloroplast of WT and mutant lines and we did comparative proteomic analysis between and began the standardization of the thiamine quantification in plants. All these results together lead us up to a better understanding about THI1 activity at the cellular metabolism. Previous results suggested that besides thiamine synthesis, THI1 would be involved in repair/tolerance to DNA damage. Results obtained in this study strengthen the hypothesis of this another function of the thi1 gene. Considering that the mutant line does not produce a higher quantity of ROS, as indicated by hydrogen peroxide quantification, but shows more antioxidants and more DNA damage, probably the genetic material of this line is more susceptible to damage, showing that the defective THI1 protein could not protect it efficiently.

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Dibelli, Wanderlei. "Desenvolvimento de Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) em Brassicaceae ao longo de gerações /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110311.

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Orientador: Sergio Antonio De Bortoli
Coorientador: Alessandra Marieli Vacari
Banca: Santin Gravena
Banca: Pedro Takao Yamamoto
Resumo: Espécies da família Brassicaceae fazem parte da alimentação básica mundial. Suas características nutricionais mostram altos teores de vitaminas, fibras, minerais, fenóis, flavonóides, ácido hidroxicinâmico, açúcares solúveis, ácidos graxos e carotenoides, além de substâncias secundárias como glucosinolatos que, atualmente, são reconhecidos pelas propriedades antioxidantes e anticancerígenas. A traça-das-crucíferas, Plutella xylostella, é um dos principais fatores limitantes deste cultivo no mundo, devido aos sérios danos que causa às plantas, depreciando o produto e ocasionando grandes perdas nos campos de produção, portanto, o conhecimento do desenvolvimento deste inseto em diferentes cultivares é importante para que se possa determinar aquelas menos propícias para o inseto. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se houve influência do substrato alimentar das lagartas (variedades de Brassicaceae) no desenvolvimento de P. xylostella, ao longo de 18 gerações. Os insetos foram criados em 3 variedades/cultivares de importância comercial para a região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo: Brassica oleracea var. acephala - couve Manteiga hibrida HS-20, Brassica oleracea var. italica - brócolis Piracicaba e Brassica oleracea var. capitata - repolho Bob Cat. A cada 3 gerações aspectos biológicos do inseto criado nos diferentes substratos de alimentação foram avaliados em ensaios de laboratório. As características biológicas analisadas foram: consumo foliar, período larval, viabilidade de larvas, período pupal, viabilidade de pupas, peso pupal, razão sexual, número de ovos por fêmea, fertilidade de ovos, longevidade de machos e longevidade de fêmeas. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise fatorial comparando-se gerações e cultivares. Os parâmetros biológicos de P. xylostella demonstraram que repolho foi o menos consumido e o que apresentou ...
Abstract: Species of Brassicaceae family are part of the global food base. Nutritional characteristics of brassics show high levels of vitamins, fiber, minerals, phenols, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acid, soluble sugars, fatty acids and carotenoids, and secondary substances such as glucosinolates that are currently recognized by the antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic effects. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is one of the main limiting factors of this crop in the world, due to the serious damage that cause to plants, depreciating the product and causing serious reductions in the field production. The knowledge of the biology of this insect in different cultivars is important so that you can determine those less favorable to the pest development and reproduce. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the larvae food substrate (Brassicaceae's varieties) in the P. xylostella development over 18 generations. Insects were reared on 3 comercial varieties/cultivars of importance to the northeastern of Sao Paulo State: Brassica oleracea var. acephala - kale Manteiga hibrida HS-20, Brassica oleracea var. italica - broccoli Piracicaba and Brassica oleracea var. capitata - cabbage Bob Cat. Every 3 generations the biological aspects of P. xylostella were evaluated in laboratory trials. The biological parameters evaluated were: leaf consumption, larval period, larval viability, pupal period, pupal viability, pupal weight, sex ratio, number of eggs per female, egg fertility, and longevity of males and females. The results were analysed comparing generations and cultivars. The biological parameters of P. xylostella showed that cabbage cultivar was less consumed and the larval period was longer while the pupal period was shorter. However, the low initial performance of this cultivar was being improved over the generations, matching the others in the latest generations ...
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48

Montaut, Sabine. "Composition phytochimique et évaluation de potentialités biologiques des fruits de Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae)." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT004C.

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Isatis tinctoria l. Ou pastel (brassicaceae) est une plante tres commune dans le sud de la france et dans les pays mediterraneens. Cette plante est connue, depuis des siecles, pour sa propriete tinctoriale bleue due a des precurseurs d'indigo : isatan b et indican. La premiere partie bibliographique donne une breve presentation des brassicaceae, de isatis tinctoria l. , de ses utilisations, de la composition chimique et des proprietes de la plante. La deuxieme partie est consacree a une analyse phytochimique des fruits du pastel. Nous avons isole et identifie, grace aux donnees spectrales uv, de masse, de rmn 1h et 1 3c et parfois de rmn bidimensionnelle hmbc et hmqc, dix composes : deux acides phenols (acide protocatechique et acide cafeique) ; un flavonol (quercetine) ; deux c-glycosylflavones (isoscoparine et isoorientine) ; cinq glucosinolates (2-r-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolate ou progoitrine, 2-s-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolate ou epi-progoitrine, gluconapine, glucobrassicine et neoglucobrassicine). De plus, a partir d'un extrait methanolique de graines, un nouveau glucosinolate indolique a ete caracterise. Il s'agit du 3-2-(3-hydroxy-pent-4-enoate) de 3h-indolylmethyl glucosinolate, a qui nous avons donne le nom trivial de glucoisatisine. La troisieme partie est consacree a l'expose d'essais d'activites biologiques. Le pouvoir cytotoxique de l'extrait prepare a partir des fruits avec du methanol 70% bouillant, a ete teste sur les larves de crevettes artemia salina leach. Il se revele inactif. L'activite antiradicalaire contre o 2 des fractions chloroformique, acetate d'ethyle, butanolique et aqueuse de l'extrait prepare a partir des fruits, a ete etudiee. La fraction aqueuse est inactive alors que les fractions chloroformique et butanolique possedent une faible activite. La fraction acetate d'ethyle s'est revelee etre tres antiradicalaire et la plus active des quatre fractions testees. L'activite semble etre due a la presence de composes polyphenoliques.

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49

Hilgert-Delgado, Alois Antonín. "Optimization and application of in vitro techniques in selected members of the family Brassicaceae." Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259718.

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This thesis is focused on the application and optimization of biotechnological methods within the family Brassicaceae. Most of this thesis is focused specifically the genus Brassica. The main objective of this dissertation thesis was to optimize and apply selected biotechnological methods in the resynthesis of oilseed rape (B. napus) from its baseline species (B. oleracea, CC and B. rapa, AA) and subsequently create valuable genetic plant materials. The optimized procedure implemented in my work have exhibited better results of hybrid production (resynthesis) than in similar published experiments and provides a simplified and less laborious method via simple ovule culture and early hybrid verification. The next accomplished step was to work with a wider range of materials using a broader source of different and contrasting genotypes from Brassica rapa (spring and winter oilseed and vegetable turnips) and B. oleracea (green and purple curly kales and cabbages) for new combinations and wider genetic diversity. It was concluded that the optimized ovule culture protocol with early verification, developed in the framework of this thesis, is satisfactorily sufficient enough to be applicable in breeding programmes, aimed at diversity expansion of winter oilseed rape gene pool, as the resynthesized embryos were derived in most combinations. New resynthesized verified lines were colchicine treated in order to obtain diploid regenerants and the fertile plants were self-pollinized and crossed with elite oilseed rape lines for further research and breeding.

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50

Schlick-Souza, Eunice Cláudia [UNESP]. "Resistência de genótipos de couve-de-folha Brassica oleracea var. acephala a Ascia monuste orseis (Godart, 1818) (Lepidoptera: pieridae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97168.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 schlicksouza_ec_me_botfca.pdf: 597062 bytes, checksum: 5c66dcaf6b112711ef4eb09b3fdc515a (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A couve-de-folha, Brassica oleracea (L.) var. acephala, é atacada por diversas pragas, e o curuquerê, Ascia monuste orseis (Godart) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), destaca-se como uma das mais importantes, causando intensas desfolhas às plantas. O principal método de controle deste inseto é feito através da aplicação de inseticidas sintéticos, com reconhecidos prejuízos ao meio ambiente. Considerando-se a importância desse inseto para a cultura da couve-de-folha e também os efeitos indesejáveis decorrentes de aplicações de inseticidas para seu controle, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência de genótipos de couve-de-folha frente A. monuste orseis e estudar os tipos de resistência envolvidos através da realização de ensaios com adultos (atratividade e preferência para oviposição) e lagartas (preferência alimentar e antibiose), sob condições de laboratório e casade- vegetação. Para a instalação dos bioensaios, foi mantida uma criação de A. monuste orseis em casa-de-vegetação. Foram avaliados 29 genótipos de couve-de-folha: Manteiga de Ribeirão Pires I-2620 (MRP I-2620), Manteiga I-1811 (M I-1811), Roxa I-919 (R I-919), Manteiga de São Roque I-1812 (MSR I-1812), Gigante I-915 (G I-915), Manteiga I-916 (M I- 916), Crespa I-918 (C I-918), Manteiga de Ribeirão Pires I-2446 (MRP I-2446), Crespa de Capão Bonito (CCB), Manteiga de Tupi (MT), Couve de Leguminosas (CL), Manteiga de Jundiaí (MJ), Manteiga de Mococa (MM), Manteiga São José (MSJ), Verde-escura (VE), Pires 1 de Campinas (P1C), Pires 2 de Campinas (P2C), Japonesa (J), Hortolândia (H), Orelha de Elefante (OE), Vale das Garças (VG), Comum (C), Introduções do município de Arthur Nogueira: variedades Y (IMAN Y); W (IMAN W); Z (IMAN Z) e comerciais: Cabocla (CS);Couve de folhas Manteiga 900 Legítima Pé Alto (CFMLPA), Couve de folhas Manteiga Tronchuda Portuguesa (CFMTP) Couve Manteiga...
Cabagge (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala), is attacked by several pests, being the caterpillar Ascia monuste orseis (Godart) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), pointed as one of the most important, causing severe defoliation on plants. The main method of controlling this insect was done by the application of synthetic insecticides with recognized damage to the environment. Considering the importance of the insect for the cabagge culture and the undesirable effects arising of the insecticides application for their control, the present research had as objective to evaluate the resistance of cabagge genotypes against A. monuste orseis, and verify the types of resistance involved through the accomplishment of assays with adults (attractiveness and oviposition preference) and caterpillars (feeding preference and antibiosis), in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. A rearing of A. monuste orseis was maintained in the greenhouse in order to instal the bioassays. 29 genotypes of cabagge were evaluated: Manteiga de Ribeirão Pires I-2620 (MRP I-2620), Manteiga I-1811 (M I-1811), Roxa I-919 (R I-919), Manteiga de São Roque I-1812 (MSR I-1812), Gigante I-915 (G I-915), Manteiga I-916 (M I-916), Crespa I-918 (C I-918), Manteiga de Ribeirão Pires I-2446 (MRP I-2446), Crespa de Capão Bonito (CCB), Manteiga de Tupi (MT), Couve de Leguminosas (CL), Manteiga de Jundiaí (MJ), Manteiga de Mococa (MM), Manteiga São José (MSJ), Verde-escura (VE), Pires 1 de Campinas (P1C), Pires 2 de Campinas (P2C), Japonesa (J), Hortolândia (H), Orelha de Elefante (OE), Vale das Garças (VG), Comum (C), Introduções do município de Arthur Nogueira: variedades... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Brassicaceae'

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