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1
Li, Xiaonan, Yingxia Wei, Yingmei Ma, Guizhu Cao, Siwen Ma, Tianyu Zhang, Zongxiang Zhan, and Zhongyun Piao. "Marker-Assisted Pyramiding of CRa and CRd Genes to Improve the Clubroot Resistance of Brassica rapa." Genes 13, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 2414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122414.
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Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is an economically important soil-borne disease that threatens Brassicaceae crops worldwide. In recent years, the incidence area of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) clubroot disease has increased, which severely affects the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. The resistance of varieties harboring the single clubroot-resistance (CR) gene is easily broken through by P. brassicae pathotypes. CRa and CRd, genetically identified in B. rapa, are CR genes known to be highly resistant to different P. brassicaea pathotypes. In our study, we perform the gene pyramiding of CRa and CRd in Chinese cabbages through marker-assisted selection (MAS), and develop homozygous pyramided lines. The newly generated pyramided lines exhibit greater resistance to six different pathotypes than that of two parental lines carrying a single CR gene. This study provides new CR-gene-pyramided lines for the development of clubroot-resistant Brassica varieties for future breeding programs.
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Keim, Juan P., Mónica Gandarillas, Daniel Benavides, Jaime Cabanilla, Rubén G. Pulido, Oscar A. Balocchi, and Annick Bertrand. "Nutrient concentrations and profile of non-structural carbohydrates vary among different Brassica forages." Animal Production Science 60, no. 12 (2020): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19472.
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Context Brassica forages are used in times of seasonal shortage to fulfil nutritional requirements of beef cattle, dairy cows, sheep or pigs. Although brassicas have been reported with high concentrations of readily fermentable carbohydrate, details have not been fully described and there is little information about the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) profiles of Brassica forages. Aim The study was designed to evaluate nutrient concentrations, as well as NSC levels and constituents, of the main Brassica forages and to determine differences among varieties. Methods Five varieties of each of the four main forage brassicas (summer turnip, forage rape, kale and swede) were grown in plots and harvested for chemical analysis of the nutrient concentrations and NSC profiles of leaf and bulb (turnip and swede) and leaf and stem (rape and kale) components. Key results Brassica species differed in the amounts and types of NSC; swede had the highest concentration of NSC, mainly comprising sugars (glucose and fructose), followed by kale (with similar proportions of glucose, sucrose and fructose), turnip (with similar concentrations of glucose and starch and slightly lower fructose), and forage rape (in which starch was the main NSC). Forage chemical composition and NSC profile of plant organs varied among varieties of individual Brassica forages; for example, there were significant differences among swede varieties for concentrations of starch and sugar (total and profile) in bulbs. Conclusions Brassica forages differed with respect to quantities and types of NSC; swede had higher concentrations, mainly composed of glucose and fructose, followed by kale with similar proportions of glucose, sucrose and fructose, and turnip with NSC represented by glucose, starch and slightly lower fructose; and finally, forage rape, in which starch was the main NSC. Chemical composition, as well as NSC profile of plant organs (leaves, bulbs or stems), varied among varieties of Brassica species. Implications The approach described here has implications for ration formulation and is useful when considering the nutritional and dietary requirements of the animals of interest, because the type of Brassica, the variety and the proportion of plant organs can affect animal performance.
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Smith, Brendan J., John A. Kirkegaard, and Geoff N. Howe. "Impacts of Brassica break-crops on soil biology and yield of following wheat crops." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 1 (2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03104.
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Biofumigation refers to the allelopathic effects of brassicas on non-desirable soil organisms in a rotation cropping system. These effects are additional to non-hosting of root diseases, responsible for much of the break-crop effect observed in a following cereal crop. We investigated the biofumigation impacts of canola on take-all disease and rhizosphere microorganisms of following wheat crops. The biofumigation potential of the canola was tested by comparing effects of Brassica and non-Brassica break-crops and by using canola varieties with differing levels of root glucosinolates, the precursors of isothiocyanates, which are thought to be the primary biofumigant molecules released by brassicas. There was no evidence that biofumigation was related to superior growth of wheat following brassicas compared with non-Brassica break-crops, nor among the wheat crops following canola varieties with differing root glucosinolate levels. However, the break-crop effect was evident in agronomic, take-all, and some rhizosphere microbial measurements of the wheat–wheat rotations compared with fallow–wheat or break-crop–wheat rotations. Thus the break-crop effect was the primary advantage conferred by the brassicas. Any additional biofumigation effect on yield or disease was not significant in our study and does not appear to be influenced by root glucosinolate content. For broad-acre cropping with current canola or mustard varieties, and adequate grass weed control, the agronomic characteristics of canola varieties chosen should take precedence over their biofumigation potential.
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Elson, Marshall K., John F. Kelly, and Hugh C. Price. "EFFECTS OF BRASSICA RESIDUES ON ASPARAGUS DECLINE SYNDROME AND PLANT GROWTH." HortScience 28, no. 5 (May 1993): 473a—473. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.473a.
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Asparagus Decline Syndrome is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi (FOA) and Fusarium moniliforme (FM). Resistant asparagus varieties have not been found and chemicals are often ineffective against Fusarium spp. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) residue has been shown to reduce Fusarium infection in cabbage. However, canola (Brassica napus) also reduces yields in wheat.Seven Brassicas were selected for testing in the greenhouse and field (Kale, Turnip, Glacier Canola, Global Canola, Yellow Mustard, Dwarf Essex Canola, Humus Canola). Brassica residue added to soil reduced root growth of asparagus, wheat, cress, cucumber, and cabbage seedlings upto 4 weeks. Brassicas grown in the field reduced FOA populations and the incidence of Fusarium infection, but did not inhibit plant growth. Extraction of Brassica residue did not yield any non-volatile Fusarium-inhibitory compounds.
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Rameeh, Valiollah. "Cytoplasmic male sterility and inter and intra subgenomic heterosis studies in Brassica species: A review." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 59, no. 3 (2014): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1403207r.
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Plants of the genus Brassica comprise a remarkably diverse group of crops and encompass varieties that are grown as oilseeds, vegetables, condiment mustards and forages. One of the basic requirements for developing hybrid varieties in oilseed Brassica is the availability of proven heterosis. The development of hybrid cultivars has been successful in many Brassica spp. Midparent heterosis and high-parent heterosis (heterobeltiosis) have extensively been explored and utilized for boosting various quantity and quality traits in rapeseed. Heterosis is commercially exploited in rapeseed and its potential use has been demonstrated in turnip rape (B. rapa L.) and Indian mustard (B. juncea L.) for seed yield and most of the agronomic traits. The oilseed rape plant, B. napus, possesses two endogenous male sterile cytoplasms, nap and pol. Ogura type of cytoplasmic male sterility was first discovered in Japanese wild radish and other male-sterile Brassicas (Ogura bearing cytoplasm) derived from interspecific crosses. Information concerning the allelic frequencies of restorers can be useful in trying to understand their evolutionary origins. The ogu, pol and nap cytoplasms of B. napus induce sterility in all, some, and only a few cultivars, respectively. In this study, different kinds of male sterility, combining ability and heterosis of qualitative and quantitative traits in different Brassica species will be revi?wed.
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Khusnutdinov, Emil, Alexander Artyukhin, Yuliya Sharifyanova, and Elena V. Mikhaylova. "A Mutation in the MYBL2-1 Gene Is Associated with Purple Pigmentation in Brassica oleracea." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 11865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911865.
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Anthocyanins are well-known antioxidants that are beneficial for plants and consumers. Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) is a key gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis, controlled by multiple transcription factors. Its expression can be enhanced by mutations in the negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis myeloblastosis family transcription factor-like 2 (MYBL2). The expression profiles of the DFR gene were examined in 43 purple and green varieties of Brassica oleracea L., Brassica napus L., Brassica juncea L., and Brassica rapa L. MYBL2 gene expression was significantly reduced in purple varieties of B. oleracea, and green varieties of B. juncea. The MYBL2 gene sequences were screened for mutations that can affect pigmentation. Expression of the DFR gene was cultivar-specific, but in general it correlated with anthocyanin content and was higher in purple plants. Two single nucleotide polymorphysms (SNPs) were found at the beginning of the DNA-binding domain of MYBL2 gene in all purple varieties of B. oleracea. This mutation, leading to an amino acid substitution and the formation of a mononucleotide repeat (A)8, significantly affects RNA structure. No other noteworthy mutations were found in the MYBL2 gene in green varieties of B. oleracea and other studied species. These results bring new insights into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in genus Brassica and provide opportunities for generation of new purple varieties with precise mutations introduced via genetic engineering and CRISPR/Cas.
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Xie, Qi, Xiaochun Wei, Yumei Liu, Fengqing Han, and Zhansheng Li. "Germplasm Enhancement and Identification of Loci Conferring Resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae in Broccoli." Genes 13, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13091600.
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In order to breed broccoli and other Brassica materials to be highly resistant to clubroot disease, 41 Brassicaceae varieties were developed and identified between 2020 and 2021. Seven known clubroot genes were used for screening these materials. In addition, the resistant and susceptible broccoli cultivars were designed for observing their differences in the infection process with Plasmodiophora brassicae. The results showed that 90% of total materials had carried more than two clubroot resistance genes: one material carried two disease resistance genes, four materials carried seven genes for clubroot resistance, two materials carried six genes for clubroot resistance, and in total 32% of these materials carried five genes for clubroot resistance. As a result, several new genotypes of Brassicaceae germplasm were firstly created and obtained based on distant hybridization and identification of loci conferring resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae in this study. We found and revealed that similar infection models of Plasmodiophora brassicae occurred in susceptible and resistant cultivars of broccoli, but differences in infection efficiency of Plasmodiophora brassicae also existed in both materials. For resistant broccoli plants, a small number of conidia formed in the root hair, and only a few spores could enter the cortex without forming sporangia while sporangia could form in susceptible plants. Our study could provide critical Brassica materials for breeding resistant varieties and new insight into understanding the mechanism of plant resistance.
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Tang, Tang, GuiMin Chen, CuiPing Bu, FuXia Liu, Lei Liu, and XiangXiang Zhao. "Transgene introgression from Brassica napus to different varieties of Brassica juncea." Plant Breeding 137, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12567.
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Daza, Benavides, Pulido, Balocchi, Bertrand, and Keim. "Rumen In Vitro Fermentation and In Situ Degradation Kinetics of Winter Forage Brassicas Crops." Animals 9, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110904.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional value, the rumen in vitro fermentation, and the in situ degradation of Brassica oleracea (L.) ssp. acephala (kales) and Brassica napus (L.) ssp. napobrassica (swedes) for winter use. Five varieties of each brassica were used in three field replicates and were randomized in a complete block nested design. All forage varieties were harvested at 210 days post-sowing to analyze the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and in situ dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability. Kales presented higher DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content (p < 0.01), whereas swedes showed higher CP, metabolizable energy (ME), glucose, fructose, total sugars, NFC, and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content (p < 0.01). The kale and swede varieties differed in their CP and sugar concentrations, whereas the kale varieties differed in their DM and raffinose content. The rates of gas production were higher for swedes than for kales (p < 0.01). No differences between the brassica species (p > 0.05) were observed in the total VFA production, whereas kales had a higher proportion of acetate and swedes had higher proportions of butyrate (p < 0.05). Only the swede varieties showed differences in VFA production (p < 0.05). The soluble fraction “a”, potential and effective in situ DM degradability were higher in swedes (p < 0.01), but kales presented greater DM and CP degradation rates. Differences were observed between brassica species in the chemical composition, degradation kinetics, and ruminal fermentation products, whereas differences among varieties within species were less frequent but need to be considered.
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Mocniak, Leanne E., Kyle R. Elkin, S. Leanne Dillard, Ray B. Bryant, and Kathy J. Soder. "Building comprehensive glucosinolate profiles for brassica varieties." Talanta 251 (January 2023): 123814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123814.
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Hossain, MA, M. Jahiruddin, and F. Khatun. "Response of Mustard (Brassica) Varieties to Boron Application." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 37, no. 1 (July 11, 2012): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11187.
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An experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jessore (AEZ11, High Ganges River Floodplain) during 2003-2006 to evaluate the response of different varieties of mustard to boron application. Boron application was made at 0 and 1 kg/ha. The mustard varieties responded to B application. The response of the three Brassica species followed the order: B. napus > B. campestris > B. juncea. The varieties chosen from B. campestris were BARI Sarisha 6, BARI Sarisha 9, and BARI Sarisha 12. The B. napus varieties were BARI Sarisha 7, BARI Sarisha 8, and BARI Sarisha 13. Varieties BARI Sarisha 10 and BARI Sarisha 11 were from the B. juncea group. The seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with the yield contributing characters viz. pods/plant, seeds/pod, and 1000-seed weight, but not with plant height and pod length. This result showed that boron had positive influence on reproductive development, not on vegetative. The result suggests that BARI Sarisha 10 and BARI Sarisha 11 were the most B in-responsive (B efficient) varieties. So the farmers can grow these varieties in the moderately B deficient soils with a minimum dose (0.5 kg/ha) of B application. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11187 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(1): 137-148, March 2012
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Islam, M., A. Habib, S. Khan, S. Akter, B. Goswami, H. Khan, and TA Banu. "Molecular characterization of oil seed Brassica using RAPD markers." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 55, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v55i1.46726.
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Twelve varieties of oil seed Brassica spp. were characterized at molecular level using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers to explore genetic diversity and to find out relationship among them. Twelve random primers used in the study generated 94 RAPD fragments and 53 (56.38%) of them were considered as polymorphic indicating high level of polymorphism within the materials. The size of amplified fragments ranged between 300-3000 bp. The values of pair-wise genetic distance ranged from 0.1613 to 0.5543. To find out phylogenetic relationships among the varieties, dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance was constructed using Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) separating the 12 Brassica spp into two major clusters C1 and C2. This result will be useful for designing future breeding programmes for improvement of Brassica varieties.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(1), 1-8, 2020
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Shternshis, M. V., I. V. Andreeva, and E. I. Shatalova. "The Influence of Host Plants on Herbivore Community Composition on Brassica Crops in Western Siberia." ISRN Botany 2012 (June 17, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/682474.
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Experiments on three varieties of Brassica oleracea (white cabbage, red cabbage, and cauliflower) were conducted during the years 2008–2011 in Western Siberia (Russia) to study the influence of host plant on herbivore infestation. The results revealed the evidence of different infestation of white cabbage, red cabbage, and cauliflower by the common herbivores in Western Siberia. Flea beetles as the earliest herbivores preferred to infest white cabbage. Contrary to those herbivores, M. brassicae and P. xylostella larvae infested red cabbage most of all. The latest herbivore of all plants studied, P. brassicae, preferred cauliflower but not red cabbage. The possible contribution of some factors in summary effects observed in the study was discussed. Further studies are being planned in which tritrophic interaction including B. oleracea plant, herbivore, and microbial insecticides should be investigated. These studies will help to develop biological insect control on Brassica oleracea crops in order to supply ecologically safe plant protection.
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Warasy, Ashma Ahmed. "Comparative karyomorphological analysis of two varieties of Brassica campestris from Bangladesh." Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences 9, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jujbs.v9i1-2.53708.
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Two varieties of the oilseed plant viz. Brassica campestris var. Tori-7 and Brassica campestris var. BARI Sarisha-9 were karyomorphologically investigated following orcein staining. Presence of “Round Pro-chromosome Type” of interphase nuclei and “Continuous Type” of prophase chromosomes indicating that both Tori-7 and BARI Sarisha-9 were originated from common ancestor. Moreover, both the varieties were found to possess 2n=20 chromosomes with almost similar range of length i.e.; 0.90±0.04-2.51±0.05μm for Tori-7 and 0.99±0.06-2.60±0.06μm for BARI Sharisha-9. The total length of 2n chromosome complement was recorded as 29.61±0.76μm for Tori-7 and 29.75±0.80μm for BARI Sharisha- 9 where a slight gradual decrease of chromosomal length was observed in both cases. Average chromosomal length, range of individual chromosomal length, relative length and centromeric index of both varieties were more or less similar. Karyotype symmetry index and Karyotype asymmetry index indicating the symmetric nature of both varieties. All metacentric chromosomes were found in Tori-7 representing strictly symmetric karyotype. Beside metacentric, 2 sub-metacentric chromosomes were found in BARI Sharisha-9 representing almost symmetric karyotype. Thus the two varieties of Brassica campestris -were plants of primitive nature. However, BARI Sharisha-9 can be considered comparatively advanced than Tori-7 based on different cytogenetical features. Therefore, the compilation of these karyomorphological information will be useful for authentic identification and characterization of the two varieties of Brassica campestris which are very basic and important information for breeding in crop improvement programme.
Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 9(1 & 2): 69-77, 2020 (June & December)
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Shukla, Gopal Krishna. "Induced drought and salinity tolerance in the variants of Brassica campestris (L.)." Annals of Plant Sciences 6, no. 9 (September 6, 2017): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2017.9.4.
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The variants obtained from M2 generation of gamma irradiated toria varieties, T-9 and PT303 of Brassica campestris (L.) were evaluated for drought and salt tolerance. Among them, variant TV4 of var. T-9 and the variants PD3 and PD4 of PT303 showed significantly higher antioxidant enzyme activities, proline content, relative water content percentage and yield per plant under these stress conditions. These variants appear more adaptive which may be assigned to their induced favorable genotypic alterations, and could be utilized for developing drought and salinity tolerant Brassicas.
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Salisbury, PA, DJ Ballinger, N. Wratten, KM Plummer, and BJ Howlett. "Blackleg disease on oilseed Brassica in Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 5 (1995): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950665.
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Blackleg, caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans, is the major disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Australia. The development of blackleg-resistant B. napus varieties has been a major factor in the resurgence of the industry nationwide. The main sources of resistance used in Australian public breeding programs are Japanese spring varieties and French winter varieties. In these programs, all early generation material is screened in field blackleg nurseries sown on, or adjacent to, infested canola stubble from the previous season. Little is known about the genetic control of resistance, and the mechanisms responsible for generating pathogenic variability of L. maculans isolates in Australia is largely uncharacterised. Australian B. napus varieties are the most blackleg-resistant spring varieties in the world. Apart from growing blackleg-resistant varieties, other strategies that minimise infection and delay any breakdown in varietal resistance include growing canola on the same area only once every 3 years, destroying stubble, and eradicating volunteer plants between cropping seasons. Additionally, strategic use of chemicals can provide effective control to supplement varietal resistance in areas prone to severe blackleg infestation.
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Sun, Xuezhao, David Pacheco, and Dongwen Luo. "Forage brassica: a feed to mitigate enteric methane emissions?" Animal Production Science 56, no. 3 (2016): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15516.
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A series of experiments was conducted in New Zealand to evaluate the potential of forage brassicas for mitigation of enteric methane emissions. Experiments involved sheep and cattle fed winter and summer varieties of brassica forage crops. In the sheep-feeding trials, it was demonstrated that several species of forage brassicas can result, to a varying degree, in a lower methane yield (g methane per kg of DM intake) than does ryegrass pasture. Pure forage rape fed as a winter crop resulted in 37% lower methane yields than did pasture. Increasing the proportion of forage rape in the diet of sheep fed pasture linearly decreased methane yield. Feeding forage rape to cattle also resulted in 44% lower methane yield than did feeding pasture. In conclusion, reductions in methane emission are achievable by feeding forage brassicas, especially winter forage rape, to sheep and cattle. Investigating other aspects of these crops is warranted to establish their value as a viable mitigation tool in pastoral farming.
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Naher, Najmun, Shamim Shamsi, Md Rawshan Ali, and Md Abul Bashar. "Screening of Sclerotinia stem rot resistance in Bangladesh mustard germplasm using cotyledon assay method." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 27, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v27i1.46414.
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In the present investigation Brassica germplasm were screened in vitro against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal organism of stem rot disease of mustard (Brassica spp.) using cotyledon assay. The germplasm belong to Brassica rapa, B. juncea, B napus and Brassica sp. Among the 81 germplasm and seven cultivated varieties seven genotypes, namely BD 10113, BD 6948, BD 6954, BD 7108, BD7121, BD 7788 and BD7799 exhibited resistant reaction and eight germplasm viz. JBC 05117, BD 10456, BD6974, BD7116, BD7802, BD7804, BD7806, and BD7807 expressed moderately resistant reaction against S. sclerotiorum. The rest 66 germplasm and showed susceptibility at varied degree. Moderately susceptible reaction was observed in 29, susceptible in 26 and highly susceptible reaction was found in 11 germplasm. Out of seven cultivated varieties three were found highly susceptible, two were susceptible and two showed moderately susceptible.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(1): 85-92, 2018 (January)
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Rajagopal, Duff, and Hall. "Brassica Biofumigants for Improved Soil Health." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036077.
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Biofumigation involves growing specialised cover crops that have the ability to suppress certain soil-borne diseases. Species such as those in the Brassicaceae family, (e.g., radish, mustard and rocket) are known to have this capability. Biofumigation activity is initiated by the degradation of glucosinolates within the tissues of the plant when the crop is incorporated into the soil at approx. 25% flowering rate. In this experiment, nine bio-fumigant varieties were assessed over six planting dates for biomass yield, irrigation management, glucosinolate concentration and efficacy against three soilborne pathogens, namely; Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Macrophomina phaseolina. Preliminary results showed incorporation dates varied across varieties and planting times. Winter planting had highest biomass yield across all varieties, compared with the summer plantings (e.g., 14.82 t/ha in winter, versus 5.02 t/ha in summer for Caliente). The efficacy of disease suppression was variable between variety and planting date. For example, Nemfix and BQ Mulch produced a higher percentage mortality rate (100% and 98%) against S. sclerotiorum, compared with autumn (22% and 12%) and winter (37% and 13%) planting. High glucosinolate production was observed during the summer plantings, where irrigation treatments including drought conditions (Low; 0.75 ML/ha), moderate watering (Medium; 2 ML/ha) and field capacity (High; 2.5 ML/ha) were applied. Increased glucosinolate concentrations were observed in the Low irrigation treatments (e.g., Mustclean; 32.31 μmol/g DW), versus High irrigation (e.g., Mustclean; 17.11 μmol/g DW). Summer data pending analysis. These findings can help growers to identify biofumigant varieties that compliment rotation program and optimise disease management practices.
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Dillon, Andrew J., Paul Kron, Michael Walsh, and Mithila Jugulam. "Transfer of 2,4-D-resistance from Raphanus raphanistrum into Brassica napus: production of F1 hybrids through embryo rescue." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2015-0249.
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Development of 2,4-D-resistant Brassica napus varieties is valuable for conservation tillage and post emergence control of broadleaf weeds. This research documents successful production and transfer of 2,4-D resistance from Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) into, Brassica napus via embryo rescue.
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Hahn, Christoph, Nicholas P. Howard, and Dirk C. Albach. "Different Shades of Kale—Approaches to Analyze Kale Variety Interrelations." Genes 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13020232.
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Brassica oleracea is a vegetable crop with an amazing morphological diversity. Among the various crops derived from B. oleracea, kale has been in the spotlight globally due to its various health-benefitting compounds and many different varieties. Knowledge of the existing genetic diversity is essential for the improved breeding of kale. Here, we analyze the interrelationships, population structures, and genetic diversity of 72 kale and cabbage varieties by extending our previous diversity analysis and evaluating the use of summed potential lengths of shared haplotypes (SPLoSH) as a new method for such analyses. To this end, we made use of the high-density Brassica 60K SNP array, analyzed SNPs included in an available Brassica genetic map, and used these resources to generate and evaluate the information from SPLoSH data. With our results we could consistently differentiate four groups of kale across all analyses: the curly kale varieties, Italian, American, and Russian varieties, as well as wild and cultivated types. The best results were achieved by using SPLoSH information, thus validating the use of this information in improving analyses of interrelations in kale. In conclusion, our definition of kale includes the curly varieties as the kales in a strict sense, regardless of their origin. These results contribute to a better understanding of the huge diversity of kale and its interrelations.
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Hälvä, S., T. Hirvi, and S. Mäkinen. "Yield and glucosinolates in mustard seeds and volatile oils in caraway seeds and coriander fruit: I Yield and glucosinolate contents of mustard (Sinapis sp., Brassica sp.) seeds." Agricultural and Food Science 58, no. 4 (September 1, 1986): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72227.
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Different varieties of yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), brown mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) and black mustard (Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch) were tested in 1983—1985 at three locations in Finland. The average seed yield of yellow mustard was 2220 kg/ha, it’s sinalbine content being 2.2—5.2 g/100g. There were no major differences between the tested varieties. Varieties ‘Kirby’ and ‘Gisilba’ produced the largest yields. ‘Gisilba’ and ‘Ochre’ had the shortest growth periods. The sinalbine content in yellow mustard seeds varied more between the years than between the varieties. The average yield of brown mustard was 1620 kg/ha. The variety ‘Picra’ was slightly better than the other varieties with respect to yield and early ripening. The sinigrine content in brown mustard seeds were approximately from traces to 4.4 g/100 g those of ‘Dome’, ‘Blaze’, ‘Sv 8341001’ and ‘Trowse’ being highest. Black mustard yielded less than 700 kg/ha, the sinigrine content of the seeds being 1.8—4.5 g/100g.
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Marjanovic-Jeromela, Ana, Radovan Marinkovic, and Dragana Miladinovic. "Combining abilities of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties." Genetika 39, no. 1 (2007): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0701053m.
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The global acreage under rapeseed increases steadily. Rapeseed is grown for oil for human consumption, feed and biodiesel production. For faster advances in breeding, it is necessary to know variability and combining ability of selection material i.e. modes of inheritance of certain traits. General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) of five rapeseed varieties as well as the mode of inheritance of plant height, height to the first lateral branch, number of lateral branches and seed yield per plant were analyzed in this paper. Positive heterosis for plant height was found in five cross combinations, for the height to the first lateral branch in two combinations and for the number of lateral branches in only one combination and for seed yield in three cross combinations. .
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Hurynovych, SYo, ID Kharuk, V. I. Solovka, and UM Melnyk. "Diversity of cruciferous crops of precarpathian state agricultural experimental station." Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources), no. 29 (2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2021.29.05.
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Aim. Introduction and study of domestic and foreign cruciferous crops. Formation and use of collections in further selection work to create new varieties and hybrids. Results and Discussion. The following article represent results of new valuable cruciferous oil crops introduction, creation and application of collections in breeding work. Collection of Precarpathian State Agricultural Research Station includes more than 1000 accessions from 14 countries among them: winter rape (Brassica napus var. biennis (Schübler & G. Martens) Reichenbach) – 440, spring rape (Brassica napus subsp. oleifera (de Candolle) Metzger) – 332, spring false flax (Camelina sativa L.) – 60, white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) – 39, brown mustard (Brassica juncea Czern.) – 39. Every year collection replenishing with new samples, which using in breeding work. New varieties of cruciferous crops have been bred: winter rape – 8, spring rape – 1, white mustard – 2, black mustard – 1, brown mustard – 2. Conclusions. Results of research work of Precarpathian State Agricultural Experimental Station of Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of NAAS are creation of cruciferous oil crops collection and their new varieties, which cause big economic impact on research, educational and commercial organizations.
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Al-Lami, Hebba F. D., Ming Pei You, and Martin J. Barbetti. "Relative host resistance to Alternaria leaf spot in canola and mustard varieties is defined by Alternaria species." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 7 (2020): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20024.
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Both Alternaria japonica and A. brassicae cause severe Alternaria leaf spot on canola (Brassica napus) and mustard (B. juncea). We tested 103 Brassicaceae varieties including 93 Australian canola, nine Indian mustard, and a single variety of Ethiopian mustard (B. carinata) under greenhouse conditions to identify host resistance to Alternaria leaf spot caused by A. japonica and A. brassicae in terms of disease incidence (percentage leaf disease incidence, %LDI), disease severity (percentage leaf area diseased, %LAD) and defoliation (percentage leaf collapse index, %LCI). Against A. japonica, across the three parameters, B. napus Surpass 404 CL was the most resistant (%LDI 7.5, %LAD 5.0, %LCI 0). Varieties Hyola 635 CC, Oscar, AG-Outback and Rottnest, with %LDI 15.6–19.4 and %LAD 12.5–15.6, also showed strong resistance, and with %LCI 10. Varieties 47C02, ATR-Signal and Clancy of B. napus showed a moderate level of resistance across %LDI (21.2–25.6) and %LAD (15.0–20.6), along with a low level of defoliation (%LCI 10). Varieties 46C03, 46C72, ATR-Cobbler and Granite TT of B. napus also showed a moderate level of resistance, with %LDI 23.1–28.7, %LAD 18.1–20.6 and %LCI 11.2–14.4. The significance of this resistance against A. japonica is highlighted by the severe disease on B. napus Thunder TT (%LDI 78.8, %LAD 72.5, %LCI 47.5). Against A. brassicae, all varieties showed susceptibility; however, B. napus ATR-Grace was the least susceptible in relation to disease incidence (%LDI 41.2) and severity (%LAD 36.2), and B. napus Hyola 450 TT the most susceptible (%LDI 90.0, %LAD 82.5). Variety Hurricane of B. napus was the least susceptible in terms of consequent defoliation (%LCI 11.2) and B. napus CBTM Tribune the most susceptible (%LCI 81.2). The B. carinata variety BCA 1 (ATC 95065) and all test B. juncea varieties showed susceptibility to both pathogens. These findings demonstrate high levels of resistance across Australian canola varieties against A. japonica that can be directly deployed where A. japonica is important and can be utilised by breeders for improving resistance in future varieties. By contrast, susceptibility across Australian canola and mustard varieties to A. brassicae is concerning, highlighting a need to locate suitable resistances and, until effective host resistance can be located, to develop and deploy cultural and chemical options.
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Wang, Jie, Zeci Liu, Jianhua Dou, Jian Lv, Ning Jin, Li Jin, Zhaozhuang Li, Bo Zhang, Zhongqi Tang, and Jihua Yu. "A Comparative Study on the Nutrients, Mineral Elements, and Antioxidant Compounds in Different Types of Cruciferous Vegetables." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 3121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123121.
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Studies on the diversity within and among cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) variants are essential for the development of healthy diets. However, most studies on them have been limited to a single species, with little integrated analysis between them. In this study, the diversity within and among these species and varieties is assessed by determining the contents of 15 major characteristic nutrients, antioxidants, and minerals in 12 varieties of cabbage, 9 varieties of cauliflower, and 12 varieties of Chinese cabbage cultivated under the same conditions. The results show that there are significant differences in the compositional distributions of cabbage, cauliflower, and Chinese cabbage. Cabbage has the highest contents of soluble sugars (27.73 mg·kg−1 FW), flavonoids (5.90 mg·g−1 FW), and Fe (46.90 mg·kg−1 DW). Cauliflower is an ideal source of soluble protein (603.04 mg·kg−1 FW), polyphenols (1.53 mg·g−1 FW), glucosinolates (25.27 μmol·g−1 FW), and Cu (4.25 mg·kg−1 DW). Chinese cabbage is rich in vitamin C (0.45 mg·g−1 FW) and minerals (K, Ca, Mg, P, Mn, and Zn, at 9206.67 mg·kg−1 DW, 3297.00 mg·kg−1 DW, 3322.79 mg·kg−1 DW, 5614.78 mg·kg−1 DW, 15.36 mg·kg−1 DW, and 21.87 mg·kg−1 DW, respectively). There is a correlation between the quality, antioxidant properties, and minerals of the three species. In principal component analysis, a wide distribution of cabbage varieties and a high degree of overlap with the confidence ellipse of cauliflower are observed, indicating that certain cabbage varieties share compositional characteristics with cauliflower. These findings provide a reference for selecting varieties with higher nutritional value and antioxidant properties, as well as breeding new varieties.
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H. Mahdi, Hasan, Lamiaa A. Mutlag, and Raghad S. Mouhamad. "Study the effect of khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer foliar application on two rapeseed varieties." Bionatura 4, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2019.04.02.4.
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An experiment was conducted in Al-zafraniya station / Baghdad – Iraq, during the winter season 2017 - 2018 in order to study the effect of khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer foliar application on two rapeseed varieties for increasing yield and yield components. The experiment designed by randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) for three replicates. The first factor included two rapeseed varieties (Brassica napus var. oleifera and Brassica napus L. var. pactol) and second factor included khazra iron nano chelated in three levels 0, 5 (kg.ha-1) (0.5 kg nano iron fertilizers per 1000-liter water) and 10 (kg.ha-1) (1 kg nano iron fertilizers per 1000-liter water). Means of the treatments was compared with a significant difference in the use of the least significant difference (LSD) at the probability level (p ≤ 0.05). Results showed that effect of khazra iron nano chelate foliar application, rapeseed varieties and interaction of them had significant effects on yield, biological yield and total dry biomass, which were 1298.6 (kg.ha-1), 7900 (kg.ha-1), and 7288 (kg.ha-1) respectively, at level 10 (kg.ha-1) for rapeseed (Brassica napus var. oleifera). While rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. pactol) only had biological yield and total dry biomass which were 4260 (kg.ha-1) and 4460 (kg.ha-1) respectively. This is due to the genetic nature of each plant species. According to the results, rapeseed (Brassica napus var. oleifera) with 10 kg. ha-1 khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer foliar application had the highest values at most of evaluated characters.
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Islam, Tahmina, Zakya Sultana Jui, Munira Mohtasim, and Shatil Arabia. "Analysis of Morpho-physiological and Biochemical Responses in Brassica Varieties under Salt Stress." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 33, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v33i2.70440.
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Abiotic stresses like salinity, water stress, high light intensity, heavy metals, etc. have a significant influence on the morphology, biochemical characteristics, and crop productivity, of Brassica species. Among these numerous abiotic stresses, stress from salinity is a significant issue, that demands immediate attention and resolution. Therefore, in this study, the tolerance of Brassica carinata and five different varieties of Brassica campestris including Agrani, Shafal, BINA Sharisha-6, BARI Sharisha-15 and Tori-7 were examined at varying concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). Different morpho-physiological and biochemical properties including seed germination parameters, root/shoot ratio, proline content, H2O2 and MDA level, photosynthetic pigments, and Na+/K+ ion accumulation were measured and showed varying responses to the inhibitory impacts of NaCl. B. carinata, BINA Sharisha-6, Tori-7 and Shafal, with increasing NaCl concentrations resulted in the loss of germination percentages, root/shoot ratio, levels of photosynthetic pigments, proline, levels of H2O2 and MDA and the Na+/K+ ion accumulation in comparison to the other Brassica varieties. Among these varieties, Shafal, showed the lowest values of the salt tolerant indicators. In contrast, variety Agrani and BARI Sharisha-15 exhibited high proline content, a good level of H2O2 and MDA and photosynthetic pigments, in response to salt stress, which enhanced their hydration status, enzyme activities and cellular functions. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 33(2): 167-180, 2023 (December)
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Soengas, Pilar, Pablo Velasco, Juan Carlos Fernández, and María Elena Cartea. "New Vegetable Brassica Foods: A Promising Source of Bioactive Compounds." Foods 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 2911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10122911.
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Brassica rapa is grown in northwestern Spain to obtain turnip greens. The tops of the same plants (flower stems with buds) are cut and sell as turnip tops, increasing the value of the crop. This practice could be extended to other brassicas. The objectives of this work are to study the phytochemical potential of tops of coles (Brassica oleracea) and leaf rape (Brassica napus) compared to turnip tops and to compare tops of different coles (cabbage, kale, tronchuda cabbage), which differ in their morphology and use. We evaluated the content of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity in leaves and tops of the three species. We found that tops had higher amount of glucosinolates than leaves. Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity followed the opposite trend. Therefore, consumption of leaves and tops are complementary, since both type of organs are enriched with different types of compound. Local varieties of kale, curly kale, cabbage and curly leave cabbage are interesting because of their GSLs and phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in both leaves and tops. From the human health perspective, tops of coles and leaf rape are interesting as new crops to include in the diet.
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Cartea, Elena, Antonio De Haro-Bailón, Guillermo Padilla, Sara Obregón-Cano, Mercedes del Rio-Celestino, and Amando Ordás. "Seed Oil Quality of Brassica napus and Brassica rapa Germplasm from Northwestern Spain." Foods 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8080292.
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The seed oil content and the fatty acid composition of a germplasm collection of Brassica napus and Brassica rapa currently grown in Galicia (northwestern Spain) were evaluated in order to identify potentially interesting genotypes and to assess their suitability as oilseed crops for either edible or industrial purposes. The seeds of the B. rapa landraces had higher oil content (mean 47.3%) than those of B. napus (mean 42.8%). The landraces of both species showed a similar fatty acid profile (12% oleic acid, 13% linoleic acid, 8–9% linolenic acid, 8–9% eicosenoic acid, and 50–51% erucic acid). They were very high in erucic acid content, which is nutritionally undesirable in a vegetable oil, and very low in oleic and linoleic acid contents. Therefore, they could be used for industrial purposes but not as edible oil. The erucic acid content ranged from 42% to 54% of the total fatty acid composition with an average value of 50% in the B. napus landraces whereas in B. rapa, it ranged from 43% to 57%, with an average value of 51%. Considering the seed oil and the erucic acid content together, three varieties within the B. napus collection and two varieties within the B. rapa one seem to be the most promising genotypes for industrial purposes.
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Coolong, Timothy, Derek M. Law, John C. Snyder, Brent Rowell, and Mark A. Williams. "Organic Leafy Greens Variety Trials in Kentucky: Identifying Superior Varieties for Small-scale Organic Farmers." HortTechnology 23, no. 2 (April 2013): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.2.241.
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Thirty-eight leafy greens, eight kale (Brassica oleracea acephala group), nine mustard (Brassica juncea), six arugula (Eruca sativa), five swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla), five collards (B. oleracea acephala group), and five turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa) varieties were evaluated during Spring and Fall 2007–08 to determine suitability for organic production with respect to yield and stability. Trials were conducted on certified organic land using organic production practices. For mustard, kale, collards, and arugula, there were significant variety by season by year interactions. Despite these interactions, some varieties consistently performed well throughout the trial. ‘Florida Broadleaf’ was the highest yielding mustard in three of the four seasons evaluated. ‘Siberian’, ‘White Russian’, and ‘Red Russian’ were in the highest yielding group of kale varieties for overall yield. For collards, ‘Georgia/Southern’ and ‘Flash’ were part of the highest yielding group as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test in three of the four seasons examined. Turnip and swiss chard had significant year by variety interactions. Overall yields of ‘Alamo’ and ‘Alltop’, both F1 hybrids, were better than other turnip varieties assessed. Despite the interaction, ‘Fordhook Giant’ had superior yields in both years of the study. Arugula performance was significantly and negatively affected in Spring 2008. Overall, ‘Astro’, ‘Apollo’, and ‘Arugula’ had the greatest yields. This trial was designed to provide recommendations specifically for organic growers marketing directly to consumers.
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Thakur, Ajay Kumar, K. H. Singh, Lal Singh, J. Nanjundan, M. K. Rana, and Dhiraj Singh. "Transferability of SSR Markers of Brassica sp. to Some Popular Varieties of Brassica Juncea." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 85, no. 4 (February 27, 2015): 1001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40011-014-0486-5.
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Woods, D. L., and K. C. Falk. "AC Sungold summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-107.
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AC Sungold summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is an open-pollinated canola-quality cultivar adapted to the short season growing areas of western Canada. It combines a higher oil and protein content than the check varieties with a good level of resistance to white rust. Key words: Summer turnip rape, canola, Brassica rapa, cultivar description
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Poudel, Sijan, Pawan Lamichhane, and Bimal Roka Magar. "REVIEW ON THE MANAGEMENT OF MOST PREVALENT INSECTS IN MUSTARD CROP." INWASCON Technology Magazine 3 (February 4, 2021): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/itechmag.03.2021.31.33.
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Many essential plants, including high-quality food and industrial oils, common vegetables, and weeds, belong to the Brassicaceae family, which includes the genus Brassica. The strong attack of many pests and diseases not only degrades the quality of crops, but also significantly affects the oil content of many oil-producing brassica crops. Aphids, a severe insect pest of Brassicaceae species, which include key vegetable and oilseed crops, have evolved with their host plant to become the most economically important insect pest of agricultural Brassicas. This page provides an overview of pest biology in general insect habit and nature of damage, scenario in case of Nepal and Asian countries and the management strategies for their population control which includes physical, cultural, biological, innovative methods, plantation of resistant varieties, chemical applications and integrated pest management technologies. Some cultural techniques to deal with the aphid population include fertilizer applications at the proper dose, irrigation, and resistant cultivars. For crop security, natural enemies are currently effective and spectacular.
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Astha and P. S. Sekhon. "Biochemical basis of systemic acquired resistance induced by different Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) elicitors in Brassica cultivars challenge inoculated with downy mildew pathogen." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 1 (March 14, 2021): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i1.2548.
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In India, Brassica is attacked by many bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens causing various diseases among which, downy mildew caused by Hyaloperonospora brassicae, an oomycete is the most severe one. The present investigation was conducted to reduce fungicide load on Brassica by testing an alternate method of disease control. Different Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) compounds were tested as foliar sprays like Salicylic acid, Jasmonic acid and Bion (Benzothiadiazole-BTH) for inducing resistance in different genotypes of Raya (Brassica juncea) against downy mildew pathogen. Protein content in plants ranged between 43.5 to 57.7 mg/g fresh weight compared to 37.2 mg/g fresh weight in control. Induction of proteins and defense related enzymes was systemic in nature. The SAR compounds also surged the levels of defense related proteins, i.e. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and pathogenesis related Pr- proteins i.e. ?-1,3 glucanase, Peroxidase (POD), from 21 to 130 per cent indicating induction of resistance. Protein profiling of treated Brassica plants was also done electrophoreticaly, which further confirmed the induction of pathogenesis-related proteins ranging from 15- 75 kDa along with some other proteins. Salicylic acid @ 500µM showed best results with 71.27 per cent disease control followed by Jasmonic acid with 69.6 per cent; whereas both, Bion and ?eta amino butyric acid gave almost 63 per cent disease control as compared to control plants. Integration of disease tolerance in Brassica varieties/genotypes combined with prophylactic spray of salicylic acid proved to be very economical for managing downy mildew disease.
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Fatima, Urooj, Priyadarshini Bhorali, and Muthappa Senthil-Kumar. "Morpho-Pathological and Global Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Robust Nonhost Resistance Responses in Chickpea Interaction with Alternaria brassicae." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, no. 12 (December 2019): 1598–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-19-0117-r.
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Alternaria blight, caused by Alternaria brassicae, causes considerable yield loss in Brassica crops. While several blight-resistant varieties have been developed using resistance sources from host germplasm, none of them are entirely successful in imparting durable resistance. This has prompted the exploration of novel gene pools of nonhost plant species. Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a durable form of resistance, comprising pre- and postinvasion layers of defense. We aimed to identify the molecular basis of NHR to A. brassicae and identify the layers of NHR operating in a nonhost, chickpea (Cicer arietinum). To elucidate the layers of NHR operating against A. brassicae, we compared the histopathology and infection patterns of A. brassicae in C. arietinum and Brassica juncea. Delayed conidial germination, impeded hyphal growth, suppressed appressorium formation, and limited hyphal penetration occurred in the nonhost plant compared with the host plant, implying the involvement of the preinvasion layer of NHR in C. arietinum. Next, we investigated the molecular basis of robust NHR, in C. arietinum challenged with A. brassicae, by microarray-based global transcriptome profiling. Genes involved in stomatal closure, cuticular wax biosynthesis, cell-wall modification, and secondary metabolite production (contributing to preinvasion NHR) as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death (contributing to postinvasion NHR) were found to be upregulated. Consistent with transcriptomic analysis, the morpho-pathological analysis revealed stomatal closure, ROS accumulation, and localized cell death in C. arietinum as the defense strategies against A. brassicae. Thus, we identified NHR-contributing genes with potential applications in blight resistance gene transfer to B. juncea.
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Antunović Dunić, Jasenka, Selma Mlinarić, Iva Pavlović, Hrvoje Lepeduš, and Branka Salopek-Sondi. "Comparative Analysis of Primary Photosynthetic Reactions Assessed by OJIP Kinetics in Three Brassica Crops after Drought and Recovery." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 3078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053078.
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Plant drought tolerance depends on adaptations of the photosynthetic apparatus to changing environments triggered by water deficit. The seedlings of three Brassica crops differing in drought sensitivity, Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata—white cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala—kale, and Brassica rapa L. var. pekinensis—Chinese cabbage, were exposed to drought by withholding water. Detailed insight into the photosynthetic machinery was carried out when the seedling reached a relative water content of about 45% and after re-watering by analyzing the OJIP kinetics. The key objective of this study was to find reliable parameters for distinguishing drought−tolerant and drought-sensitive varieties before permanent structural and functional changes in the photosynthetic apparatus occur. According to our findings, an increase in the total performance index (PItotal) and structure–function index (SFI), positive L and K bands, total driving forces (ΔDF), and drought resistance index (DRI) suggest drought tolerance. At the same time, susceptible varieties can be distinguished based on negative L and K bands, PItotal, SFI, and the density of reaction centers (RC/CS0). Kale proved to be the most tolerant, Chinese cabbage was moderately susceptible, and white cabbage showed high sensitivity to the investigated drought stress. The genetic variation revealed among the selected Brassica crops could be used in breeding programs and high-precision crop management.
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Bradshaw, John E. "Use of Botanical Varieties of Brassica oleracea L. in the Breeding of Forage Kale." Plants 11, no. 16 (August 20, 2022): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162160.
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At present, forage kale cultivars for feeding cattle and sheep are either open-pollinated ones from population-improvement schemes within suitable botanical varieties of Brassica oleracea or triple-cross hybrids from within or between botanical varieties, the only commercialised latter type being between marrow-stem kale and Brussels sprouts. Eight botanical varieties (15 cultivars) and 13 types of hybrids (50 hybrids) between them were produced and assessed for forage traits in SE Scotland in the early 1980s when there was government funding in Great Britain for such work (terminated in 1990). These previously unpublished results may now be of interest to a new generation of commercial forage brassica breeders. In addition to height and dry matter yield and content, quality traits, such as digestibility and antimetabolites, were assessed. The hybrids with marrow-stem kale as one parent varied in height, but combined a high-dry-matter yield with desirable quality traits for a forage crop. None was ideal and none had a superior combination of traits to the hybrids with Brussels sprouts. The hybrids between marrow-stem kale and January King cabbage were the shortest and a possible alternative to dwarf thousand-head kale. The results can be used to justify new forage brassica breeding programmes.
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Gadpayale, Durgeshwari, Alka Katiyar, Mahak Singh, and Lallu Singh. "Nutritional quality evaluation of oil and fatty acid profile in various genotypes/varieties of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea Czern & Coss (L.)]." Environment Conservation Journal 23, no. 3 (July 26, 2022): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.10132226.
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Brassicas are one of the most agronomically eminent oilseeds that are employed as a variety of oilseed, vegetable, and fodder crops. The experiment was conducted with thirty-four genotypes/varieties seeds of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea Czern & Coss (L.)] for oil content, Iodine value, oil stability index and fatty acid composition during 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. The range of variability of contents of oil, palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate, ecosenate, doecosenate, iodine value and oil stability index varied from 33.52 to 42.15%, 1.53 to 4.98%, 0.16 to 2.71%, 5.06 to 17.78%, 17.88 to 32.15%, 11.82 to 19.85%, 5.44 to 11.89%, 28.82 to 47.66%, 114.43 to 131.71 and 1.08 to 1.99, respectively. The Brassica juncea genotype-KMR-15-6 followed by genotype- KMR-17-6 had the higher oil content, oleic acid content and low value of erucic acid which indicates that seed oil this B. juncea species genotype is possibly suitable for both human consumption and industrial purposes.
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Rangian, Sartika D., Johanis J. Pelealu, and Eva L. Baideng. "Respon Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tiga Varietas Tanaman Sawi (Brassica Juncea L.) pada Kultur Teknik Hidroponik Rakit Apung." Jurnal MIPA 6, no. 1 (May 21, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jm.6.1.2017.15984.
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Indonesia merupakan negara tropis dengan kondisi lingkungan yang kurang menunjang, seperti curah hujan yang tinggi. Permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan curah hujan, penggunaan pupuk yang boros, pengendalian hama dan penyakit serta dampak penggunaan pestisida yang tak terkendali memunculkan suatu alternatif lain dalam budidaya pertumbuhan tanaman. Budidaya tanaman dengan hidroponik teknik rakit apung adalah suatu cara bertanam tanpa media tanah dan menawarkan solusi yang mudah dipraktekkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, lebar daun, berat kering dan berat basah, tanaman sawi varietas Shinta, Tosakan dan Dakota sebagai respon yang dikultur pada teknik hidroponik rakit apung. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 3 (tiga) perlakuan dan sembilan kali ulangan sehingga total sampel tanaman yang diamati sebanyak 27 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Tosakan memberikan nilai tertinggi pada pertambahan tinggi tanaman 32,58 cm, lebar daun 4,62 cm, berat basah 19,30 gr dan berat kering 1,03 gr sedangkan varietas Shinta menunjukkan jumlah daun yang paling banyak sebesar 12,77 daun dan varietas Dakota memberikan nilai terendah dalam semua nilai parameter yang diukur. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka varietas Tosakan adalah sawi yang memberi respon pertumbuhan yang lebih baik pada teknik hidroponik rakit apung.Indonesia is a tropical country with a less supportive of environmental conditions, such as high rainfall. Problems related to rainfall, the wasteful use of fertilizers, pest and disease control as well as the impact of uncontrolled pesticide use led to an alternative to the cultivation of plant growth. Hydroponic cultivation with floating rafts technique is a way of farming without soil media and offer a solution that is easy practiced. This study aims to measure the growth of plant height, leaf number, leaf width, dry weight and wet weight, Shinta varieties of mustard plants, Tosakan and cultured Dakota in response to the floating raft hydroponic techniques. This study uses Rancanan Acak Lenkap (RAL) Non factorial with 3 (three) treatments and nine replications so that the total sample of plants observed was 27 plants. The results showed that the varieties Tosakan provide the highest value added 32,58 cm plant height, leaf width 4,62 cm, 19,30 g wet weight and dry weight of 1,03 grams while the Shinta varieties shows the number of leaves at most equal to 12,77 leaves and Dakota varieties provide the lowest value in all measured parameter values. Based on this case, the Tosakan variety is a mustard which gives a better growth response to the floating hydroponic raft technique.
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Mollika, Sanjida Rahman, R. H. Sarker, and M. I. Hoque. "In vitro Plant Regeneration in Brassica spp." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v21i2.10235.
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MS with different concentrations and combinations of hormones were used for in vitro multiple shoot regeneration in two varieties of Brassica juncea, namely, BARI Sarisha-11 and BARI Sarisha-16 and one variety of Brassica campestris, Tori-7. The highest percentage of responsive explants towards the regeneration of shoots was obtained on MS with 2.0 mg/l BAP, 0.2 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l Kn in case of BARI Sarisha-11 and BARI Sarisha-16. For Tori-7, 3.0 mg/l BAP and 0.2 mg/l NAA was best for obtaining maximum number of shoots per explant. Among three varieties, BARI Sarisha-11 showed best response in terms of shoot regeneration as well as number of shoot per explant. Days required for induction of shoots was also recorded to be lowest in BARI Sarisha-11. Best root induction in BARI Sarisha-11 and BARI Sarisha-16 was achieved on hormone free MS. After proper hardening the in vitro regenerated plantlets were successfully transplanted into soil. Interestingly some of the in vitro regenerated shoots produced in vitro flowers on regeneration media as well as hormone free MS. Key words: Plant regeneration, Brassica juncea, Brassica campestris D. O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i2.10235 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(2): 127-134, 2011 (December)
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Xiao, Ling, Changming Lu, Bing Zhang, Huijie Bo, Yuhua Wu, Gang Wu, Yinglong Cao, and Deyue Yu. "Gene transferability from transgenic Brassica napus L. to various subspecies and varieties of Brassica rapa." Transgenic Research 18, no. 5 (April 9, 2009): 733–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-009-9261-4.
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Banga, Surinder S., and K. S. Labana. "Male sterility in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss). IV. Genetics of MS-4." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 5 (October 1, 1985): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-072.
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Male sterile plants of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss.) were observed in the F2 generation of the cross RLM-198 × EJ-33. The genetic analysis revealed that male sterility occurred when the cytoplasm of RLM-198 interacted with recessive nuclear genes of EJ-33. The genetic constitution of RLM-198 was postulated to be (S) RF RF, EJ-33 as (F) rf rf, and the male sterile plants as (S) rf rf. Varieties of Indian mustard from India mostly contained dominant fertility restorer genes, while European varieties had a greater frequency of the recessive maintainer genes. None of these varieties, however, was capable of complete maintenance of male sterility. Heterosis for yield up to 56% over the national check was observed in field trials. The use of this cytoplasmic male sterile plant in hybrid mustard production will not be economical, until a complete maintainer for male sterility is identified.Key words: Brassica juncea, Indian mustard, male sterility, hybrids.
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Malik, R. S. "Prospects for Brassica Carinata as an Oilseed crop in India." Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 1 (January 1990): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700015465.
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SUMMARYTwenty one strains of Brassica carinata were tested under irrigated, rainfed and saline soil conditions and five strains under late sowing conditions along with five varieties each of B. juncea, B. napus and B. campestris var. yellow sarson, brown sarson and toria. Brassica juncea had the largest seed and oil yield under irrigated conditions but B. carinata performed much better than other species under late sowing, rainfed and saline soil conditions.
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Michael, Pippa J., Ashmita Rijal Lamichhane, and Sarita Jane Bennett. "Temperature and Isolate Are Important Determinants of Brassica napus Susceptibility to Aggressive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Isolates." Agronomy 13, no. 6 (June 14, 2023): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061606.
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Management of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) disease in Brassica napus is heavily reliant on prophylactic fungicide applications at flowering, which often provides inconsistent control depending on timing of ascospore release in the field and environmental conditions. Understanding host response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection is essential for sustainable disease management in the future. This study determined host response of nine B. napus varieties to four aggressive S. sclerotiorum isolates across two years by measuring four disease variables: area under the disease progress stairs (AUDPS), seed production, sclerotia number and average sclerotia weight. Brassica napus varieties varied greatly in their response to the four measured variables, with varieties producing the highest AUDPS not being the same varieties that had the lowest seed production, the highest numbers of sclerotia or heaviest sclerotia. Repeating the experiment over two years using the same varieties and isolates identified the impact of environment on measured disease variables as the most influential factor, highlighting the complexity of disease responses to diverse isolates and host genotypes under different environments. It was recommended that both long-term (such as inoculum production) and short-term (such as seed production) disease outcomes be combined with lesion length measurement (i.e., AUDPS) for future host screening studies.
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Yu, Jing, Pengli Li, Song Tu, Ningxiao Feng, Liying Chang, and Qingliang Niu. "Identification of Heat-Resistant Varieties of Non-Headed Chinese Cabbage and Discovery of Heat-Resistant Physiological Mechanisms." Horticulturae 9, no. 6 (May 25, 2023): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060619.
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Affected by global warming, continuous high temperature has a negative impact on plant growth and development and become a major constraint to crop production. Germplasm resource identification has become a research hotspot in many fields, and it is also necessary to establish effective identification methods. In this study, twenty Brassica rapa varieties were selected to investigate the physiological and biochemical characteristics under heat stress, explore the relationship between physiological response and the heat resistance mechanism, and select some typical heat-resistant and heat-sensitive varieties. The effects of photosynthetic electron transfer and antioxidant pathway on the heat resistance of Brassica rapa were identified. These findings will provide important guidance for the physiological regulation and identification method of heat stress in plants.
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Zhang, Yanfeng, Ran An, Min Song, Changgen Xie, Shihao Wei, Daojie Wang, Yuhong Dong, Qingli Jia, Shuhua Huang, and Jianxin Mu. "A Set of Molecular Markers to Accelerate Breeding and Determine Seed Purity of CMS Three-Line Hybrids in Brassica napus." Plants 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2023): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12071514.
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Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the main mechanism employed to utilize the heterosis of Brassica napus. CMS three-line rapeseed hybrids have dramatically enhanced yield and brought about the global revolution of hybrid varieties, replacing conventional crop varieties. Over the last half century, China has led the development of hybrid Brassica napus varieties. Two sterile lines, polima (pol) and shaan 2A, were of particular importance for the establishment of three-line hybrid systems in rapeseed, which has opened up a new era of heterosis utilization. However, in current breeding practices, it takes up to three years to identify the restorer or maintainer relationship and the cytoplasmic type of any inbred material. This greatly affects the breeding speed of new varieties and inhibits the rapid development of the rapeseed industry. To address this problem, we developed a set of molecular markers for the identification of fertile cytoplasmic gene N and sterile cytoplasmic gene S, as well as for the fertile nucleus gene R and sterile nucleus gene r, based on differences in the gene sequences between the CMS line, maintainer line and restorer line of Brassica napus. Combining these markers can accurately identify the CMS line, maintainer and restorer of both the pol and shaan systems, as well as their hybrids. These markers can not only be used to identify of the maintainer and restorer relationship of inbred materials; they can also be used as general molecular markers to identify the CMS-type hybrid purity of pol and shaan systems.
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Zhang, Xuehua, and W. G. Dilantha Fernando. "Insights into fighting against blackleg disease of Brassica napus in Canada." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 1 (2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp16401.
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Blackleg disease, caused by the ascomycete fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, is a devastating disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Australia, Canada and Europe. Although cultural strategies such as crop rotation, fungicide application, and tillage are adopted to control the disease, the most promising disease control strategy is the utilisation of resistant canola varieties. However, field populations of L. maculans display a high evolutionary potential and are able to overcome major resistance genes within a few years, making disease control relying on resistant varieties challenging. In the early 1990s, blackleg resistance gene Rlm3 was introduced into Canadian canola varieties and provided good resistance against the fungal populations until the early 2000s, when moderate to severe blackleg outbreaks were observed in some areas across western Canada. However, the breakdown of Rlm3 resistance was not reported until recently, based on studies on R genes present in Canadian canola varieties and the avirulence allele frequency in L. maculans populations in western Canada. The fact that Rlm3 was overcome by the evolution of fungal populations demands canola breeding programs in Canada to be prepared to develop canola varieties with diversified and efficient R genes. In addition, frequent monitoring of fungal populations can provide up-to-date guidance for proper resistance genes deployment. This literature review provides insights into the outbreaks and management of blackleg disease in Canada.
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Pesireron, Marietje, Sheny S. Kaihatu, and Rein E. Senewe. "Keragaan Varietas Kubis (Brassica oleracea L) Dataran Rendah dengan Aplikasi Mulsa di Maluku." JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2020.16.1.42.
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The low yield of cabbage in Maluku is thought to due to the lack of attention of farmers to grow to crop because so far farmers think it can only grow well and forms crops in the highlands, so no one wants to grow cabbage. This study aimed to determine the yield performance of five cabbage varieties with the use of several types of mulches and was carried out in Gemba Village, Kairatu Subdistrict, Western Seram Regency. The experimental design used was the factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications and the farmers as replications. The first factor was five varieties of cabbage (Sehati-F1, Daehnfeldt, Green Hero, Green Coronet, KK-Koss), the second factor was the type of mulch, consisting of four types, namely: without mulch (M0), black silver plastic mulch, straw mulch, and husk mulch. The data obtained were analyzed with analysis of variance and DMRT test at the level of 5% if necessary. Parameters observed included plant height at 45 days after planting, leaf number, percentage of crop formation, percentage of pest and disease attacks, crop circumference per plant at harvest, fruit weight, and yield. The study results showed that the five varieties tested with the use of various types of mulch had the potentials to be developed in Maluku. Varieties with the highest yields and very good adaptation to lowland environments in Maluku included Sehati-F1 and KK-Cross. Pest control by using plant-based pesticides in a combination with scheduled mechanical control (yellow plates, pitfalls, and stick traps) could reduce the levels of pest and disease attacks and the crops appeared healthy for consumption.
Keywords: cabbage, lowland, mulch
ABSTRAK
Rendahnya produksi kubis di Maluku diduga akibat kurangnya perhatian petani untuk bertanam kubis, yang dikarenakan selama ini petani mengira kubis hanya dapat tumbuh baik dan membentuk krop di dataran tinggi, sehingga sedikit petani yang mau berusahatani kubis. Kajian ini bertujuan mengetahui keragaan hasil lima varietas kubis dengan penggunaan berbagai jenis mulsa di desa Gemba, Kecamatan Kairatu, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan dan petani sebagai ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah lima varietas kubis (Sehati-F1, Daehnfeldt, Green hero, Green Coronet, KK-Cross); faktor kedua adalah jenis mulsa yang terdiri dari empat macam, yaitu: tanpa mulsa (M0), mulsa plastic hitam perak, mulsa jerami dan mulsa sekam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan uji lanjut DMRT pada taraf 5% sesuai kebutuhan. Peubah-peubah yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman umur 45 hari setelah tanam (hst), jumlah daun, persentase pembentukan krop, persentase serangan hama dan penyakit, lingkar buah per tanaman saat panen, bobot buah dan hasil panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima varietas yang di uji dengan penggunaan berbagai jenis mulsa sangat berpotensi untuk dibudidayakan di Maluku berdasarkan kemampuannya membentuk krop. Varietas dengan produksi tertinggi dan beradaptasi sangat baik terhadap lingkungan dataran rendah di lokasi penelitian adalah Sehati-F1 dan KK-Cross. Penggendalian hama dengan menggunakan pestisida nabati yang dikombinasikan dengan pengendalian secara mekanis (tampan kuning, pitfoll dan sticky trap) secara terjadwal dapat menurunkan tingkat serangan hama dan penyakit, dan menghasilkan tanaman-tanaman yang sehat.
Kata Kunci: dataran rendah, kubis, mulsa, varietas
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Keim, Juan P., Jaime Cabanilla, Oscar A. Balocchi, Rubén G. Pulido, and Annick Bertrand. "In vitro fermentation and in situ rumen degradation kinetics of summer forage brassica plants." Animal Production Science 59, no. 7 (2019): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17534.
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The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the nutrient concentration, the in vitro fermentation and the in situ rumen degradation characteristics of Brassica rapa ssp. rapa L. (turnips) and Brassica napus ssp. biennis L. (forage rape). Five varieties of each species were established in three field replicates and were organised in a randomised complete-block nested design. All varieties were harvested and further analysed for chemical composition, in vitro gas-production kinetics, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and in situ degradation kinetics of dry matter (DM) and crude protein. Turnips showed higher ash, total sugars, raffinose, sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations (P < 0.001) than did forage rape. Turnip varieties differed in their sucrose, glucose, fructose and total soluble sugar concentration (P < 0.001), whereas rape varieties differed in their neutral detergent fibre concentration (P = 0.004) and digestible organic matter on a DM basis (P < 0.01). Regarding DM-degradation parameters, turnips had a higher soluble fraction ‘a’ (P < 0.01) and a lower insoluble, but potentially degradable fraction ‘b’ (P < 0.01) than did rape, but the fractional degradation rate ‘c’ (0.18/h) was similar to that of rape. Rates of gas production were slightly higher (P = 0.018) for turnip than for rape. No effects for brassica species nor for varieties within species were detected (P > 0.05) for total in vitro VFA production, as well as for the relative proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate, branch chained VFA and the actetate:propionate ratio. Our study showed that most of the differences that were observed in terms of chemical composition and degradation kinetics did not result in differences in in vitro fermentation products.