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1
Tasleem, Mohd, Mamta Baunthiyal, and Gohar Taj. "Induction of MPK3, MPK6 and MPK4 Mediated Defense Signaling in Response to Alternaria Blight in Transgenic Brassica juncea." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2593.
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ABSTRACT: Alternaria brassicae causes a highly destructive disease in Brassica juncea (Rapeseed mustard) resulting in significant yield losses. Studies of MAPK machinery components in Arabidopsis thaliana have indicated that MPK3, MPK4, & MPK6 are involved in defense response and provide resistance against various bacterial and fungal pathogens. In this study, we analyzed the expression level of MPK3, MPK4 & MPK6 in overexpressed MPK3 transgenic (BjV5) Brassica juncea at different stages of Alternaria brassicae inoculation.Expression study revealed that MPK3/MPK6 was involved in early defense response and MPK4 in late defense response. These results suggested that BjMPK3 positively regulate SA mediated defense response, which might play an important role in resistance to Alternaria brassicae in Brassica juncea.
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Ashiq, Samina, Simon Edwards, Andrew Watson, Emma Blundell, and Matthew Back. "Antifungal Effect of Brassica Tissues on the Mycotoxigenic Cereal Pathogen Fusarium graminearum." Antibiotics 11, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091249.
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Fusarium graminearum is a globally important cereal pathogen, causing head blight in wheat, resulting in yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. Currently, triazole fungicides are used to suppress Fusarium graminearum, however, the declining effectiveness of triazoles and concerns over the safety of pesticides have led to the pursuit of safe alternative crop protection strategies such as biofumigation. In the present study, species belonging to Brassicaceae (Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus, Eruca sativa) were assessed for their biofumigation potential against F. graminearum and the glucosinolate profile of the brassicas was determined. In Petri dishes, mycelial plugs of Fusarium graminearum were exposed to frozen/defrosted leaf discs of brassicas collected at early-leaf, stem-extension, and early-bud stages. Additionally, F. graminearum inoculum was incubated in soil amended with chopped tissues of brassicas in a closed jar experiment. Glucosinolate analysis of the leaf tissue of brassicas revealed that the total glucosinolate concentration of B. juncea ‘Brons’ increased with advancing growth stage (24.5–51.9 µmol g−1). Brassica juncea leaf discs were effective against mycelial growth, while the sinigrin content in the leaf tissue corresponded to the level of suppression. At the stem-extension and early-bud stages, B. juncea ‘Brons’ showed 87–90% suppression with four leaf discs, and 100% suppression with eight leaf discs. Brassica juncea ‘Caliente Rojo’ leaf discs collected at the stem-extension stage showed 94% inhibition with eight discs. In the closed jar experiment, each brassica species significantly suppressed F. graminearum inoculum by 41–55%. The findings suggest that the brassica species investigated in the present study could be effective in reducing the inoculum of F. graminearum in soil prior to cereal production.
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BANSAL, V. K., G. SÉGUIN-SWARTZ, G. F. W. RAKOW, and G. A. PETRIE. "REACTION OF Brassica SPECIES TO INFECTION BY Alternaria brassicae." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 1159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-139.
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Thirty-five cultivars/strains belonging to six Brassica species were evaluated for their reaction to Alternaria brassicae under laboratory conditions. Detached leaves were wounded and inoculated with a spore suspension, and incubated at room temperature for 4 d. Lesion diameter was used as an indicator of resistance. The smallest lesions were observed in B. carinata, followed by, in order of increasing lesion size, B. oleracea, B. napus, B. campestris, B. juncea, and B. nigra. Intraspecific differences for lesion size occurred in B. napus, B. campestris, B. juncea, and B. oleracea.Key words: Brassica, Alternaria brassicae, summer rape, summer turnip rape, mustard
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Gan, Y., S. S. Malhi, S. A. Brandt, and C. L. McDonald. "Assessment of seed shattering resistance and yield loss in five oilseed crops." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07028.
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Use of appropriate harvest management can minimize the yield loss of crucifer crops due to seed and pod shattering. This study determined the difference among five canola/mustard species in the degree of resistance to seed shattering and yield losses. Sinapis alba yellow mustard AC Base, Brassica juncea canola Amulet, Brassica juncea mustard Cutlass, Brassica rapa canola Hysyn, and Brassica napus canola InVigor 2663 were grown at Star City, Scott and Swift Current, SK, from 2004 to 2006. Seed yield was highest for napus canola (2146 kg ha-1), followed by juncea mustard (1971 kg ha-1) and juncea and rapa canola, while alba mustard (1547 kg ha-1) was the lowest. Straight combining compared with swathing resulted in 13% greater seed yield for juncea canola and juncea mustard, and 7% greater for rapa canola, while napus canola did not show yield difference between the two operation regimes. Under high shattering conditions, juncea mustard shed about 400 pods m-2, significantly greater than the four other species. Rapa canola had the lowest number of shed pods. Juncea mustard and napus canola had largest yield loss (about 7% of the total seed yield) during straight combining, followed by alba mustard (5%), and rapa and juncea canola (< 4%). Selection of shattering resistant species and use of straight combining can minimize seed yield losses in the production of crucifer oilseed crops. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba, swathing, straight–combine
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Serdyuk, O. A., V. S. Trubina, and L. A. Gorlova. "Analysis of diseases affecting winter and spring forms of Brassica napus L. and Brassica juncea L. in the central zone of the Krasnodar region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032114.
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Abstract The purpose of the research was a comparative evaluation of the disease affection of spring and winter forms of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea on the central zone of the Krasnodar region. Phytosanitary monitoring of diseases was carried out from the seedling stage. In 2011-2020, there were identified the diseases affecting winter and spring crops Brassica napus and Brassica juncea to the same extent: the occurrence frequency of downy mildew and powdery mildew was high, of Alternaria blight – from medium to high, of phytoplasma and bacterial blight – low. Differences are established for Sclerotinia disease, Phoma rot, Fusarium blight, white rust, gray rot. The occurrence frequency of Sclerotinia disease on winter form of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea varied in research years from low to medium, of Phoma rot – from medium to high; on spring forms, these diseases were noted in certain years with the low frequency. Fusarium blight affected only sowings of spring forms of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea with medium and high frequency, except for 2018-2019, when it was low. White rust affected only spring from of Brassica napus, gray rot – only winter forms of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea in certain years with the low frequency.
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Bhatiya, B. S., K. S. Bisht, Pankaj Rautela, and R. P. Awasthi. "Morphological, cultural and pathogenic variability in Alternaria brassicae, the causing agent of black spot of rapeseed and mustard." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.882.
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The study on pathogenic diversity of twenty isolates of Alternaria brassicae collected from different locations of Uttarakhand and Central Uttar Pradesh infecting Brassica species (Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea and Eruca sativa) revealed that there was a distinct difference among isolates in terms of mycelial growth, spore length, width, spore beak length and width. The average spore length varied from 21.23μm to 38.13μm with minimum of isolate AUA-19, AUA-43 i.e 21.23μm and maximum of AUA-47 i.e. 38.13μm . The isolates tested on Brassica juncea var.Varuna in green house conditions revealed that all the twenty isolates behaved differently. Among all the isolates, Brassica juncea isolates i.e. AUA-25, AUA-39, AUA-41, AUA-47, AUA-19, AUA-24, AUA-22, AUA-21, AUA-31, AUA-43 and AUA-45 from Uttarakhand, and AUP-29 from Central Uttar Pradesh can be grouped into highly pathogenic with range of Alternaria spot size i.e. 5.03-8.30mm in diameter, while isolate of Eruca sativa i.e. AUA-38 was found least pathogenic with 1.63mm in dia. and eight isolates AUA-18, AUA-20, AUA-23, AUP-28, AUA-32, AUA-33 and AUA-36 were found moderately pathogenic. This study will be useful in developing integrated management strategies of Alternaria leaf spot and breeding programs of oilseed crops (Brassica sp.).
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Tan, Piaopiao, Chaozhen Zeng, Chang Wan, Zhe Liu, Xujie Dong, Jiqing Peng, Haiyan Lin, Mei Li, Zhixiang Liu, and Mingli Yan. "Metabolic Profiles of Brassica juncea Roots in Response to Cadmium Stress." Metabolites 11, no. 6 (June 13, 2021): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11060383.
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Brassica juncea has great application potential in phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil because of its excellent Cd accumulating and high biomass. In this study, we compared the effects of Cd under 48 h and 7 d stress in roots of Brassica juncea using metabolite profiling. The results showed that many metabolic pathways and metabolites in Brassica juncea roots were altered significantly in response to Cd stress. We found that significant differences in levels of amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and indoles were induced by Cd stress at different times, which played a pivotal role in the adaptation of Brassica juncea roots to Cd stress. Meanwhile, Brassica juncea roots could resist 48 h Cd stress by regulating the biosynthesis of amino acids, linoleic acid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ABC transporters, arginine biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism; however, they regulated alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ABC transporters, and linoleic acid metabolism to resist 7 d Cd stress. A metabolomic expedition to the response of Brassica juncea to Cd stress will help to comprehend its tolerance and accumulation mechanisms of Cd.
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Kjellström, C. "Comparative growth analysis of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea under Swedish conditions." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-102.
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Indian cultivars of Brassica juncea were tested in field experiments at the research farm of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, to determine their agronomic performance under Swedish climatic conditions. In this study, production and development of a B. juncea cultivar of Indian origin and a Swedish B. napus cultivar were compared in a growth analysis during 1987–1990. Plants were harvested at approximately weekly intervals from emergence to maturity, and separated into leaves, stems, pods and seeds. Area indices of leaves, stems and pods were calculated, and dry weight of each plant component was determined. On an average of 4 yr, the total growing period was similar for both cultivars, 107 d or ca. 1030 growing degree days (GDD), with an earlier onset and a shorter duration of flowering for B. juncea. Dry weights of all vegetative plant components, especially stems, reached higher maximum levels in the highly branched B. juncea cultivar than in the B. napus cultivar. By the end of the flowering stage, B. napus had accumulated a significantly higher percentage of final total dry matter than B. juncea. After flowering, the crop growth rate was significantly higher in B. juncea, 0.54 g m−2 GDD−1, than in B. napus. Seed yield level was similar in both species, and in year 1990 ca. 2.2 t ha−1 was harvested. Key words: Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, growth analysis, area index
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Muhammad, Aslam P., Rawal Pinkey, C. Ramesh, and G. Chaitra. "Evaluation of Antidiarrheal properties of ethanol extract of Brassica juncea in experimental animals." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 2-S (April 15, 2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i2-s.4615.
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Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-diarrheal potentials of ethanol extract of Brassica juncea in albino rats.
Materials and methods: The defatted powder of whole plant of Brassica juncea subjected to extraction using ethanol in soxhlet apparatus. The acute oral toxicity was studied for ethanol extract according to OECD guidelines 425. The antidiarrheal properties of ethanol extracts was assessed against castor oil induced diarrhea, magnesium sulfate induced diarrhea and charcoal passage test in albino wistar rats.
Results: The ethanol extract of Brassica juncea has effectively reversed diarrhea. The extract at higher dose 400mg/kg shows significant reduction the number of feces against castor oil induced and MgSO4 induced diarrhea. In charcoal passage test, higher dose of ethanol extract also shown significant reduction in the distance travelled.
Conclusion: The result obtained establish the efficiency of ethanol extract of Brassica juncea as antidiarrheal agent
Keywords: Brassica juncea, castor oil, magnesium sulphate, charcoal passage test.
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Li, Shi, Sixiu Le, Xin Wang, Jiuyuan Bai, Rui Wang, and Yun Zhao. "Functional Analysis of Organic Acids on Different Oilseed Rape Species in Phytoremediation of Cadmium Pollution." Plants 9, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9070884.
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Cadmium (Cd) pollution in soil is becoming increasingly serious due to anthropogenic activities, which not only poses a threat to the ecological environment, but also causes serious damage to human health via the biological chain. Consequently, special concerns should be paid to develop and combine multiple remediation strategies. In this study, different subspecies of oilseed rape, Brassica campestris, Brassica napus and Brassica juncea were applied, combined with three organic acids, acetic acid, oxalic acid and citric acid, in a simulated Cd-contaminated soil. Various physiological and biochemical indexes were monitored in both plant seedling, growth period and mature stage. The results showed that organic acids significantly promoted the growth of Brassica campestris and Brassica juncea under Cd stress. The photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities in Brassica campestris and Brassica juncea were induced at seedling stage, while that in Brassica napus were suppressed and disturbed. The enrichment of Cd in oilseed rape was also obviously increased. Brassica juncea contained relatively high resistance and Cd content in plant but little Cd in seed. Among the three acids, oxalic acids exhibited the most efficient promoting effect on the accumulation of Cd by oilseed rape. Here, a comprehensive study on the combined effects of oilseed rape and organic acids on Cd contaminated soil showed that Brassica juncea and oxalic acid possessed the best effect on phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil. Our study provides an optimal way of co-utilizing oilseed rape and organic acid in phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil.
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Bell, J. M., and G. Rakow. "Trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid in oil-extracted meals from seeds of several Brassica species and of Sinapis alba." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 76, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas96-061.
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A total of 124 seed samples representing strains and cultivars of Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea, B. carinata, and Sinapis alba were selected for assays of trypsin inhibitor (TI) and phytic acid (PA). On an oil-extracted basis the TI values ranged from 1.26 to 5.31 units g−1. Values for B. napus ranked highest (3.58, 3.61) and B. juncea lowest (1.26, 1.39, 1.56) (P < 0.05). In a comparison of PA in three cultivars (B. napus, B. rapa, B. juncea), the cultivars differed in PA contents (2.52, 2.94, 2,70, respectively), there were no year-to-year differences over 4 yr (2.56, 2.67 2.68 vs. 2.96) but there were significant location effects (2.12, 2.21 vs. 3.04, 3.42). In a set of 10 cultivars replicated themes, B. juncea PA contents (3.35–3.91) exceeded those of B. napus (2.92, 3.06), and B. carinata (2.72, 3.15) Sinapis alba had the lowest value (2.49). Bronowski (B. napus), the gene source of all low glucosinolate cultivars, contained the most TI (5.31 units g−1) and the least PA (1.93%). Key words: Phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor, Brassica, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, Sinapis alba
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Zhang, Hui, Jie Feng, Shujiang Zhang, Shifan Zhang, Fei Li, Stephen E. Strelkov, Rifei Sun, and Sheau-Fang Hwang. "Resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica rapa and Brassica juncea genotypes From China." Plant Disease 99, no. 6 (June 2015): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-14-0863-re.
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Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, has become a major problem in cruciferous crops worldwide. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), pak choi (B. rapa), and mustard (B. juncea) are important vegetable crops in China. Development of clubroot-resistant cultivars of these crops is urgently needed. In this study, 71 B. rapa and B. juncea genotypes from China, including cultivars and inbred lines, were evaluated for resistance to three P. brassicae pathotypes. A significant interaction was observed between the P. brassicae pathotypes and the Brassica genotypes. Pathotype 3, as defined on the differentials of Williams, exhibited the weakest virulence on all plant material. By contrast, pathotypes 5 and 6 were both highly pathogenic on most of the tested genotypes. In all, 10 of the 14 Chinese cabbage cultivars were resistant to all three pathotypes, while 4 were resistant only to a specific pathotype. Seven of eight progenies obtained from the selfing of Chinese cabbage cultivars were resistant to pathotype 3 but most were susceptible to pathotypes 5 and 6. Most inbred lines of Chinese cabbage and all inbred lines of pak choi and mustard were susceptible to all three pathotypes but their susceptibility was lower to pathotype 3 than to pathotypes 5 and 6.
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Kopsell, Dean A., Scott McElroy, Carl Sams, and David Kopsell. "(167) Carotenoid Accumulation Among the Diploid and Amphidiploid Brassica Species." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1081A—1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1081a.
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Vegetable crops can be significant sources of nutritionally important dietary carotenoids and Brassica vegetables are sources that also exhibit antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity. The family Brassicaceae contains a diverse group of plant species commercially important in many parts of the world. The six economically important Brassica species are closely related genetically. Three diploid species (B. nigra, B. rapa, and B. oleracea) are the natural progenitors of the allotetraploid species (B. juncea, B. napus, and B. carinata). The objective of this study was to characterize the accumulation of important dietary carotenoid pigments among the genetically related Brassica species. The HPLC quantification revealed significant differences in carotenoid and chlorophyll pigment accumulation among the Brassica species. Brassica nigra accumulated the highest concentrations of lutein, 5,6-epoxy lutein, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin. The highest concentrations of beta-carotene and total chlorophyll were found in B. juncea. Brassica rapa accumulated the highest concentrations of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin. For each of the pigments analyzed, the diploid Brassica species accumulated higher concentrations, on average, than the amphidiploid species. Brassicas convey unique health attributes when consumed in the diet. Identification of genetic relationships among the Brassica species would be beneficial information for improvement programs designed to increase carotenoid values.
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Thomsen, Tamara. "SYNTHESIS OF AN AMPHIDIPLOID BRASSICA SPECIES." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1116c—1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1116c.
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Stock species of Brassica rapa and Brassica nigra were crossed with the intention of synthesizing the amphidiploid species Brassica juncea. Of the stock species, a diploid and a tetraploid were given of both the B. rapa (Aaa and Aaaaa) and the B. nigra (Bbb and Bbbbb). However the identity of these was concealed, and they were presented as 1A 1, 1A2, 1A3, and 1A4. The objective of this experiment was not only to synthesize the species B. juncea (Abaabbb), but to determine the identity of 1A1, 1A2, 1A3, and 1A4 as to which of these were the diploid and tetraploid species, and to test the synthesized B. juncea by crossing it with the natural, male sterile B. juncea.
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Sitanggang, Kamsia Dorliana, Siti Hartati Yusida Saragih, and MHD Arif Fadillah. "PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L) DENGAN PERENDAMAN KOLKISIN." JURNAL AGROPLASMA 8, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/agroplasma.v8i1.2095.
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Brassica juncea is one of vegetable consumed by many people. One of chemical have been successful to induce mutation is colchicine. The aim of this research was to determine effect of colchicine on Brassica growth. The result show that soaking brassica seeds using colchicine make a decrease in the average plant height, leaf widht and number of leaves compare to control cause abnormal cell division.Keyword: Brassica juncea, Colchicine, Growth response
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Iqbal, M. C. M., S. R. Weerakoon, H. D. N. Geethanjalie, P. K. D. Peiris, and O. V. D. S. J. Weerasena. "Changes in the fatty acids in seeds of interspecific hybrids between Brassica napus and Brassica juncea." Crop and Pasture Science 62, no. 5 (2011): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp09324.
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Mustard (Brassica juncea) accessions from Sri Lanka have a fatty acid profile (FAP) dominated by the undesired erucic acid. Therefore, it is necessary to develop B. juncea lines with canola-quality FAP, carrying reduced erucic acid (<1%) and increased oleic acid (>50%). To improve the FAP, B. juncea accessions were hybridised with spring-type canola (B. napus) varieties grown in Australia. Interspecific crosses between three B. napus cultivars (♂) and B. juncea accessions (♀) gave crossability of 50–65%. Embryo culturing on Lichter medium overcame post-germination barriers to obtain F1 plants. Culturing of ovules 21 days after pollination was successful and embryos were independent of hormones in the culture medium and directly developed into plants. Seeds of interspecific hybrids had a FAP different from parental values, particularly for oleic and erucic acids. The low oleic acid (13%) in B. juncea increased to 23–26% in hybrids and high erucic acid in B. juncea (41%) declined to 21–23% in hybrids. Linoleic and linolenic acids showed little variation from parental values. FAP of F1 hybrids shifted towards that of canola quality. The F2 seeds had zero erucic acid and high oleic acid similar to or exceeding the canola parent. Successful interspecific hybridisation of B. juncea and B. napus was confirmed by altered FAP and molecular markers. Embryo rescue in interspecific hybrids of B. juncea and B. napus is a simple, powerful biotechnological tool to increase genetic diversity and transcend species barriers to transfer desired genes, between the species. By implementing a crossing strategy, there is a potential to improve the FAP of Sri Lankan mustard towards the canola type.
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Yang, Jinghua, Dongyuan Liu, Xiaowu Wang, Changmian Ji, Feng Cheng, Baoning Liu, Zhongyuan Hu, et al. "The genome sequence of allopolyploid Brassica juncea and analysis of differential homoeolog gene expression influencing selection." Nature Genetics 48, no. 10 (September 5, 2016): 1225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3657.
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Abstract The Brassica genus encompasses three diploid and three allopolyploid genomes, but a clear understanding of the evolution of agriculturally important traits via polyploidy is lacking. We assembled an allopolyploid Brassica juncea genome by shotgun and single-molecule reads integrated to genomic and genetic maps. We discovered that the A subgenomes of B. juncea and Brassica napus each had independent origins. Results suggested that A subgenomes of B. juncea were of monophyletic origin and evolved into vegetable-use and oil-use subvarieties. Homoeolog expression dominance occurs between subgenomes of allopolyploid B. juncea, in which differentially expressed genes display more selection potential than neutral genes. Homoeolog expression dominance in B. juncea has facilitated selection of glucosinolate and lipid metabolism genes in subvarieties used as vegetables and for oil production. These homoeolog expression dominance relationships among Brassicaceae genomes have contributed to selection response, predicting the directional effects of selection in a polyploid crop genome.
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Gadpayale, Durgeshwari, Alka Katiyar, Mahak Singh, and Lallu Singh. "Nutritional quality evaluation of oil and fatty acid profile in various genotypes/varieties of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea Czern & Coss (L.)]." Environment Conservation Journal 23, no. 3 (July 26, 2022): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.10132226.
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Brassicas are one of the most agronomically eminent oilseeds that are employed as a variety of oilseed, vegetable, and fodder crops. The experiment was conducted with thirty-four genotypes/varieties seeds of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea Czern & Coss (L.)] for oil content, Iodine value, oil stability index and fatty acid composition during 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replications. The range of variability of contents of oil, palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate, ecosenate, doecosenate, iodine value and oil stability index varied from 33.52 to 42.15%, 1.53 to 4.98%, 0.16 to 2.71%, 5.06 to 17.78%, 17.88 to 32.15%, 11.82 to 19.85%, 5.44 to 11.89%, 28.82 to 47.66%, 114.43 to 131.71 and 1.08 to 1.99, respectively. The Brassica juncea genotype-KMR-15-6 followed by genotype- KMR-17-6 had the higher oil content, oleic acid content and low value of erucic acid which indicates that seed oil this B. juncea species genotype is possibly suitable for both human consumption and industrial purposes.
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Kopsell, Dean A., J. Scott McElroy, Carl E. Sams, and David E. Kopsell. "Genetic Variation in Carotenoid Concentrations among Diploid and Amphidiploid Rapid-cycling Brassica Species." HortScience 42, no. 3 (June 2007): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.3.461.
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Vegetable crops can be significant sources of nutritionally important dietary carotenoids, and Brassica are sources that also exhibit antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity. The family Brassicaceae contains a diverse group of plant species commercially important in many parts of the world. The six economically important Brassica species are closely related genetically. Three diploid species (B. nigra, B. rapa, B. oleracea) are the natural progenitors of the amphidiploid species (B. juncea, B. napus, B. carinata). The objective of this study was to characterize the accumulation of important dietary carotenoid pigments among the genetically related Brassica species. High-performance liquid chromatographic quantification revealed significant differences in carotenoid and chlorophyll pigment concentrations among the Brassica species. Brassica rapa accumulated the highest concentrations of antheraxanthin [0.79 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW)], lutein (8.89 mg/100 g FW), and zeaxanthin (0.75 mg/100 g FW). The highest concentrations of β-carotene (4.41 mg/100 g FW) and total chlorophyll (125.9 mg/100 g FW) were found in B. juncea. Brassica nigra accumulated the highest concentrations of 5,6-epoxylutein (0.41 mg/100 g FW) and violaxanthin (2.28 mg/100 g FW), whereas B. oleracea accumulated the highest concentrations of neoxanthin (2.10 mg/100 g FW). For many of the pigments analyzed, the amphidiploids B. carinata and B. napus accumulated significantly less carotenoid concentrations than the diploid species and B. juneca. Brassica convey unique health attributes when consumed in the diet. Identification of genetic relationships among the Brassica species would be beneficial information for improvement programs designed to increase carotenoid values.
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Axelsson, T., C. M. Bowman, A. G. Sharpe, D. J. Lydiate, and U. Lagercrantz. "Amphidiploid Brassica juncea contains conserved progenitor genomes." Genome 43, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g00-026.
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To perform a detailed study of genome evolution in the natural Brassica amphidiploid B. juncea, we have constructed two linkage maps based on RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) markers; one generated from a cross between a resynthesized B. juncea (a chromosome doubled interspecific B. rapa × B. nigra hybrid) and a natural B. juncea cultivar, the other from a cross between two B. juncea cultivars. By using a common cultivar in both crosses, the two maps could be unambiguously integrated. All loci exhibited disomic inheritance of parental alleles in the natural × resynthesized cross, showing that B. rapa chromosomes paired exclusively with their A-genome homologues in B. juncea and that B. nigra chromosomes likewise paired with their B-genome homologues. The maps derived from the two crosses were also perfectly collinear. Furthermore, these maps were collinear with maps of the diploid progenitor species (B. nigra and B. rapa) produced using the same set of RFLP probes. These data indicate that the genome of B. juncea has remained essentially unchanged since polyploid formation. Our observations appear to refute the suggestion that the formation of polyploid genomes is accompanied by rapid change in genome structure.Key words: RFLP, comparative mapping, Brassica rapa, Brassica nigra, genome evolution.
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Ying, Rongrong, Bing Xia, Xiaowen Zeng, Rongliang Qiu, Yetao Tang, and Zhewei Hu. "Adsorption of Cadmium by Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr in Pot Experiment." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010429.
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Heavy metal pollution in farmland threatens human life. It is not clear whether crops can adsorb heavy metals. In this study, the cadmium accumulation and tolerance in Chinese cabbage Brassica pekinensis (cv. Xiaoza-56) and the known Cd-accumulator Brassica juncea in hydroponics and pot experiment were investigated. Furthermore, we evaluated their potential on the phytoextraction of Cd-contaminated soil. The hydroponics with 1–50 μM Cd concentrations showed that both B. juncea and B. pekinensis had high Cd accumulation and tolerance with translocation factor closed to 1 at Cd levels < 25 μM. The pot study conducted with 5 to 100 mg Cd kg−1 soil indicated that B. juncea showed less tolerance and accumulation to Cd than B. pekinensis, especially at higher Cd levels. The bioconcentration factor was much higher than 1 in both B. juncea and B. pekinensis grown in <40 mg Cd kg−1 soil without showing biomass reduction. In the model evaluation, the ability of B. juncea and B. pekinensis to reduce the initial soil Cd concentration of 20 and 5 mg kg−1 to specific targets with a lower or higher biomass of 4 or 20 t ha−1, respectively. The above results indicate that B. juncea and B. pekinensis (cv. Xiaoza-56), which the latter is a better candidate for Cd phytoextraction in moderated Cd-contaminated soil. The results provide a reference for Cd pollution control.
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Artiana, Artiana, Lilis Hartati, Abrani Sulaiman, and Jamzuri Hadie. "PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KOTORAN SAPI DAN JERAMI KACANG TANAH SEBAGAI BOKASHI CAIR BAGI PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.)." EnviroScienteae 12, no. 3 (December 10, 2016): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v12i3.2443.
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Has conducted a study entitled " Cow Manure Waste Utilization and Straw Peanut For Liquid Bokashi For Plant Growth mustard (Brassica juncea L.)". This study aimed to analyze the nutrient content in the liquid Bokashi is derived from cow dung and straw peanuts, and study the effect of dosing Bokashi different liquid to the growth of the mustard plant (Brassica juncea L.). Methods using a completely randomized design with one factor at a dose of 125 ml, 250 ml, 375 ml and 500 ml, and as control using Bokashi solid. This research was conducted with four replications. Bokashi liquid nutrient content of C of 0,1045%, 0,0461% of N, P and K amounted to 0.0172% at 0.2500%. The content of nutrient dense Bokashi C of 6,0874%, 2,0169% of N, P and K amounted to 0,0218% at 5,7802%. Bokashi dosing different liquid to the growth of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) significant effect on the growth of mustard, but still lower than the solid Bokashi. Dose liquid Bokashi most optimal for growing mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is at 375 ml.
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Woods, D. L., J. J. Capcara, and R. K. Downey. "The potential of mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss) as an edible oil crop on the Canadian Prairies." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-025.
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The performance of mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss) was compared with that of canola (B. napus L. and B. rapa L.) on the western prairies. Mustard had a higher yield and protein content and was intermediate in maturity. Improvement in oil content will probably be required. Key words: Mustard, Brassica juncea, edible oil crop
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Wechter, W. Patrick, Mark W. Farnham, J. Powell Smith, and Anthony P. Keinath. "Identification of Resistance to Peppery Leaf Spot among Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa Plant Introductions." HortScience 42, no. 5 (August 2007): 1140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.5.1140.
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Brassica leafy greens (Brassica juncea L. and Brassica rapa L.) represent one of the most economically important vegetable crop groups in the southeastern United States. In the last 10 years, numerous occurrences of a leaf-spot disease on these leafy vegetables have been reported in several states. This disease, known as peppery leaf spot, is now causing serious crop losses and has been attributed to the bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm). To date, it appears that all cultivars of the Brassica leafy greens are susceptible, and available pesticides for control of this disease appear unable to reduce the disease to acceptable levels. Thus, we undertook a search for potential resistance to this disease among accessions of B. juncea and B. rapa included in the U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) collection. In greenhouse trials, we screened commercial cultivars and 672 U.S. PIs (226 B. juncea and 446 B. rapa) for resistance to Psm with artificial inoculation. Although severity of disease symptoms was significantly different among inoculated accessions, no acceptable levels of resistance were found in any of the more than 400 B. rapa accessions tested. Only two B. juncea accessions (PI 195553 and G 30988) of 226 tested had acceptable levels of resistance that might prove economically useful.
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Kirkegaard, J. A., and M. Sarwar. "Glucosinolate profiles of Australian canola (Brassica napus annua L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivars: implications for biofumigation." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 3 (1999): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98124.
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The glucosinolate (GSL) profiles in root, shoot, and seed tissues of 22 Australian canola (Brassica napus) and 15 Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) entries were measured in the field. The Indian mustard lines included 12 low seed GSL lines from a breeding program aimed at producing canola-quality B. juncea cultivars and 3 high seed GSL condiment cultivars. The aromatic glucosinolate, 2-phenylethyl GSL, was the major GSL found in the roots of both species although Indian mustard also contained 2-propenyl GSL in the roots. The concentration of glucosinolates in the roots varied from 5 to 35 µmol/g in B. napus, from 2.5 to 25 µmol/g in low seed GSL B. juncea, and from 10 to 21 µmol/g in high seed GSL B. juncea, but was not correlated with seed glucosinolate concentrations in either species. Breeding for low seed GSLs in Indian mustard reduced the concentration of 2-propenyl GSL in both root and shoot tissues, but levels of 2-phenylethyl GSL in the roots were unaffected. The results indicate that high yielding and agronomically adapted varieties of both species could be developed with higher levels of root GSL for enhanced biofumigation potential without compromising seed quality. The GSLs which liberate isothiocyanates on hydrolysis were found primarily in the taproot and larger lateral roots (>2 mm) of both species, whereas younger fine roots (<2 mm diameter) had higher levels of indolyl GSLs. Correlations between root GSLs and susceptibility of brassicas to root pests and pathogens will need to take account of these differences in GSL profiles among different root classes.
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Li, C. X., K. Sivasithamparam, G. Walton, P. Salisbury, W. Burton, Surinder S. Banga, Shashi Banga, et al. "Expression and relationships of resistance to white rust (Albugo candida) at cotyledonary, seedling, and flowering stages in Brassica juncea germplasm from Australia, China, and India." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 3 (2007): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06237.
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White rust (Albugo candida) is a highly destructive disease of oilseed Brassicas such as Brassica juncea and B. rapa. Most commercial B. juncea or B. rapa varieties are highly susceptible and yield losses from combined infection of leaves and inflorescences can be up to 20% or 60% in Australia and India, respectively. In Australia, canola-quality B. juncea has been developed to extend oilseed Brassica production into lower rainfall areas, with the first commercial B. juncea canola-quality variety planned for release in 2006. It is essential to identify useful sources of host resistance in B. juncea as breeding and/or selection of material for resistance is the most cost-effective method of delivering control for farmers. Three experiments were undertaken under controlled-environmental conditions to identify the best methods of characterising host resistance and to identify sources of resistance in B. juncea germplasm from Australia, China, and India. Forty-four B. juncea genotypes, viz. 22 from India, 12 from Australia, and 10 from China, were tested. Four Chinese genotypes (CBJ-001, CBJ-002, CBJ-003, CBJ-004) and one Australian genotype (JR049) consistently showed high resistance to A. candida across the different plant growth stages against a pathotype prevailing in Australia. Similarly, the most susceptible genotypes (viz. Indian genotypes RH781, RL1359, RH819) were extremely susceptible irrespective of the plant growth stage. Overall, although disease severity on cotyledons and leaves at the different growth stages was significantly and positively correlated, there was, however, no significant correlation between the number of stagheads and any of the other disease parameters measured. Our study demonstrates that controlled-environmental conditions are suitable for rapid identification of resistant genotypes and that genotypes with high levels of resistance can be reliably identified at the cotyledonary, seedling, or flowering stages.
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Akbar, Faria, and Kazi Nahida Begum. "Comparative study of morphology and heterochromatin distribution in three oilseed species of Brassica L." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 45, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v45i2.57207.
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Morphological traits and nature of heterochromatins in interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes of three oilseed species of Brassica L. (B. campestris, B. juncea, and B. napus) have been investigated in this study for morpho-cytotaxonomical evaluation. The three Brassica species displayed morphologically differences in the case of plant heights, size and the shape of upper and basal leaves, types of inflorescence and color of seeds, etc. After analyzing the staining properties of heterochromatins (nature and amount) in the interphase nuclei, it was unveiled that B. juncea had a simple chromocenter type of interphase nuclei and might be perceived as the most evolved one among the three species of Brassica. Moreover, the phylogenetic relationship derived from the mean values of morphological traits also manifested the distinct position of B. juncea than the other two studied species of Brassica. Therefore, the findings obtained in this study may be utilized as a feasible implementation of biosystematics for the identification and proper characterization of the three species of Brassica L. J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 45(2); 169-179: December 2021
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AHMED, K. S. "PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CADMIUM-CONTAMINATED SOIL BY BRASSICA SPECIES." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 49, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.49.2001.4.6.
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Phytoremediation is a green technology for the sustainable remediation of surface soils contaminated with toxic heavy metals. When added to soils the chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) increased the solubility of heavy elements for plant uptake during phytoremediation. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with two Brassica species (Brassica juncea and Brassica carinata) grown on artificially contaminated soil (20 and 40 mg Cd kg-1) with EDTA added at a rate of 1 g kg-1 soil. With increasing Cd (0, 20 and 40 mg Cd kg-1 soil) contamination the biomass of both the Brassica species decreased. However, Brassica juncea was more tolerant of high levels of Cd in the soil in comparison to B. carinata. The results indicated that EDTA made the cadmium more available to the plants and lowered the Cd content of the soil. The magnitude of the increase in tissue (stem, leaf and root) Cd concentration was higher in B.juncea than in B. carinata and after the application of chelating agent (EDTA). The Brassica juncea species of Indian mustard has better potential for the phytoremediation of soil heavily contaminated with Cd (40 mg Cd kg-1 soil).
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Mohapatra, D., and Y. P. S. Bajaj. "Hybridization in Brassica juncea � Brassica campestris through ovary culture." Euphytica 37, no. 1 (1988): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00037228.
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Chahil, Gurminder Singh, and Jagdev Singh Kular. "Biology of Pieris Brassicae (Linn.) on Different Brassica Species in the Plains of Punjab." Journal of Plant Protection Research 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2013-0008.
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Abstract Biology of Pieris brassicae reared on Brassica napus, B. juncea, B. rapa, and B. carinata was studied. Adult butterflies, collected in November from the plains of Punjab, India, were sexed, paired, and released onto the four Brassica spp. in a greenhouse. In a multigeneration study (Parental, F1, and F2), the effect of the four Brassica spp. on the egg laying, incubation period and hatching percentage was assessed in a greenhouse study. Hatched larvae were collected, reared on fresh leaves of respective Brassica spp, in laboratory conditions. Data collected on larval stadia, pre-pupal and pupal durations, adult longevity, and sex ratio were assessed to understand the effects of these four species. Of the four species, B. carinata, with a shorter incubation period, higher hatching percentage, and shorter developmental periods was most susceptible. In this study, B. rapa was the most resistant species and may be recommended for further breeding programs in order to reduce the economic damage caused by P. brassicae.
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Malik, R. S. "Prospects for Brassica Carinata as an Oilseed crop in India." Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 1 (January 1990): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700015465.
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SUMMARYTwenty one strains of Brassica carinata were tested under irrigated, rainfed and saline soil conditions and five strains under late sowing conditions along with five varieties each of B. juncea, B. napus and B. campestris var. yellow sarson, brown sarson and toria. Brassica juncea had the largest seed and oil yield under irrigated conditions but B. carinata performed much better than other species under late sowing, rainfed and saline soil conditions.
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Ramdinthara, Immanuel Zion, T. Siva Kumar, P. Shanthi Bala, and A. S. Gowri. "Acclimatization of the Growth of Brassica Juncea to Temperature Stress: Future of IoT Technology in Sustainable Agriculture." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2022.v09i04.006.
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Agriculture and global warming are correlated with each other, particularly, it may affect nutrient cycles, microbial activities, and physiological activities of the crops. Agricultural development plays a crucial role in the growth of the economy of developing countries. The agriculture sector is a major source of employment in most of the developing countries. Over the year, there were changes and productivity loss due to the abiotic stresses and imbalance of nutrients of the plants. A continuous increase in temperature may affect the yields of crops up to 17%. Each plant has different characteristics in growth and some plants are susceptible to high temperature, some are quite the opposite. A Brassica Juncea L. belongs to a mustard family Brassicaceae or Cruciferae that are susceptible to high temperature. So, in this work, an attempt has been made for Brassica Juncea L. to grow and yield under temperature stress by controlling the temperature with the use of the Internet of Things (IoT). The experiment has been conducted where Brassica Juncea neither production nor consumption. IoT sensors are used to monitor the temperature and humidity in two different scenarios. This paper analyses the factors that affect the growth of Brassica Juncea and provide a solution to increase productivity.
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Cheung, W. Y., R. K. Gugel, and B. S. Landry. "Identification of RFLP markers linked to the white rust resistance gene (Acr) in mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss.)." Genome 41, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 626–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-043.
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White rust and staghead, caused by Albugo candida, is an economically important disease of Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa crops in western Canada. The identification of genes for white rust resistance in these crops and the development of molecular markers for these genes will allow the rapid identification of resistant germplasm and should accelerate the development of white rust resistant cultivars. In this study, 119 F1-derived doubled-haploid progeny lines of a cross between white rust susceptible (J90-4317) and white rust resistant (J90-2733) B. juncea lines were evaluated for resistance to A. candida race 2. A single gene (Acr) responsible for conferring resistance to this pathogen was mapped on a densely populated B. juncea RFLP map developed earlier. A cosegregating RFLP marker (X140a) and two other closely linked RFLP markers (X42 and X83) were identified; the latter two markers were 2.3 and 4 cM from the Acr locus, respectively. These markers may be useful for marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning of this gene.Key words: Brassica juncea, mustard, Albugo candida, white rust, disease resistance, RFLP.
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Sitanggang, Kamsia Dorliana, Siti Hartati Yusida Saragih, and MHD Fadillah. "PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.) DENGAN PERENDAMAN KOLKISIN." JURNAL AGROPLASMA 8, no. 1 (August 5, 2021): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/agroplasma.v8i1.1958.
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Brassica juncea is one of vegetable consumed by many people. One of the ways to expand genetic diversity is by inducing the occurrence of mutations. Mutations can be induced by offering chemical mutagens as well as physical mutagens. One of chemical have been successful to induce mutation is colchicine. The aim of this research was to determine effect of colchicine on Brassica growth. This research was conducted in June 2019 in the Experimental Field, Labuhanbatu University. The result show that soaking brassica seeds using colchicine make a decrease in the average plant height, leaf widht and number of leaves compare to control cause abnormal cell division. Keywords: Brassica juncea, Colchicine, Growth response
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Suhartini, Suhartini, Putu Suryadarma, and Budiwati Budiwati. "PEMANFAATAN PESTISIDA NABATI PADA PENGENDALIAN HAMA PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.) MENUJU PERTANIAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN." Jurnal Sains Dasar 6, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jsd.v6i1.12998.
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Abstrak Penggunaan pestisida kimia telah banyak memberikan dampak negatif pada lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan penggunaan pestisida nabati untuk menuju pertanian yang ramah lingkungan. Di desa ditemui banyak jenis daun yang dapat digunakan sebagai pestisida hayati, maka dari itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari ekstrak pestisida nabati yaitu daun tembakau, tapak liman, daun kayu kuning dan daun sirih hijau terhadap mortalitas hama Plutella Xylostella pada tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.) berat basah sawi dan kerusakan daun sawi.Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan perlakuan jenis tanaman sebagai pestisida Nabati . Perlakuan yang digunakan ada 6 macam (taraf) yaitu kontrol negatif (P0), daun tembakau (P1), tapak liman (P2), daun kayu kuning (P3), daun sirih hijau (P4) dan pestisida kimia sebagai kontrol positif (P5) dengan masing-masing kadar 10 %. Parameter yang diamati adalah mortalitas hama, berat basah sawi dan tingkat kerusakan daun sawi. Analisis dilakukan dengan anova satu arah.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun tembakau ((Nicotiana tabacum), tapak liman ((Elephantopus sp.), daun kayu kuning (Arcangelisia flava L.) dan daun sirih hijau (Piper betle Linn.) dengan konsentrasi 10 persen dari ekstrak belum memberikan pengaruh nyata pada mortalitas hama Plutella xylostella, berat basah sawi ((brassica juncea l.) dan tingkat kerusakan daun sawi (brassica juncea l.). Ekstrak daun yang paling berpengaruh pada mortalitas Plutella xylostella secara berurutan adalah tembakau, daun sirih, daun kayu kuning dan tapak liman. Sedangkan pada berat basah sawi (brassica juncea l.) secara berurutan daun kayu kuning, daun sirih hijau, daun tapak liman dan daun tembakau. Sementara terhadap tingkat kerusakan daun sawi mulai yang paling kecil rusaknya secara berurutan adalah daun sirih hijau, daun tembakau, tapak liman dan daun kayu kuning. Kata Kunci: Pestisida Nabati, ekstrak, Plutella xylostella, mortalitas, sawi (Brassica juncea) ABSTRACTThe use of chemical pesticides has many negative impacts on the environment, it is necessary for the use of biological pesticide towards sustainable agriculture or environmentally friendly agriculture. In the village were encountered many types of leaves that can be used as a biological pesticide, and therefore this study aims to determine the effectiveness of pesticide plant extracts of the leaves of some plants covering the leaves of tobacco, elephantopus, yellow wood and green betel on mortality of Plutella xylostella pests in plants mustard greens (Brassica juncea L), heavy wet mustard and mustard leaf damage This study uses a completely randomized design with the treatment of various crops as a pesticide vegetable. The treatments used 6 kinds (degree) ie negative control (P0), the leaves of tobacco (P1), the leaves of elephantopus (P2), the leaves of yellow wood (P3), the leaves of greens betel (P4) and chemical pesticides as a positive control (P5) with each grade of 10 %. Parameters measured were mortality pests, heavy wet mustard greens and mustard greens leaf damage rate. The analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the extract from the leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), the leaves of elephantopus, the leaves of yellow wood (Arcangelisia flava L.) and the leaves of green betel (Piper betle Linn.) With a 10 percent concentration of the extract on a variety of leaves are not yet significant effect on mortality pests Plutella xylostella, heavy wet of mustard greens (brassica juncea l.) and severity of leaf mustard greens (brassica juncea l.). The leaf extract the most influence on mortality Plutella xylostella sequential is an extract of the leaves tobacco, the leaves of greens betel, the leaves of yellow wood and the leaves of elephantopus. While the effect on weight of wet mustard greens (Brassica juncea l.) in order are as follows: the leaves of yellow wood, the leaves of green betel, the leaves of elephantopus, and the leaves of tobacco. Meanwhile the level of damage to the mustard greens leaves are starting from the smallest breakdown in order are the leaves of green betel, the leaves of tobacco, the leaves of elephantopus and the leaves of yellow wood. Keywords: Pesticides Vegetable, extract, Plutella xylostella, mortality, Brassica juncea
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Bell, J. M., G. Rakow, and R. K. Downey. "Mineral composition of oil-free seeds of Brassica napus, B. rapa and B. juncea as affected by location and year." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a97-116.
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Three cultivars of Brassica (Westar, Brassica napus; Tobin, B. rapa; Cutlass, B. juncea) were grown in four locations in 4 successive years, with duplicate samples taken from each treatment. Harvested seed was hexane-extracted, ground and analyzed for mineral content. The average contents (mg kg−1) were: Ca, 0.64; P, 1.12; Mg, 0.56%; Cu, 6.2; Zn, 46; Fe, 188; and Mn, 55. Values for Westar and Tobin were generally similar but Cutlass contained less Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn and more Cu and Zn (P < 0.01). Locations affected all mineral levels. One location produced samples lower in Ca, P, Cu and Mn but higher in Zn than the other locations (P < 0.01). Year-to-year variability was of minor consequence. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, mineral, seed
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Stoutjesdijk, P. A., C. Hurlestone, S. P. Singh, and A. G. Green. "High-oleic acid Australian Brassica napus and B. juncea varieties produced by co-suppression of endogenous Δ12-desaturases." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 938–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280938.
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Genetic engineering methods have been used successfully to modify the fatty acid profile of elite Australian germplasm of Brassica napus and B. juncea. Co-suppression plasmids carrying oleate desaturase genes from each species have been constructed and transferred into Australian elite breeding lines of B. napus and B. juncea using Agrobacterium tumifaciens plant-transformation techniques. Modifications to existing Brassica transformation protocols and the use of an intron-interrupted hygromycin-resistance gene as the selectable marker have resulted in improved transformation efficiencies. Silencing of the endogenous oleate desaturase genes has resulted in substantial increases in oleic acid levels, up to 89% in B. napus and 73% in B. juncea.
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Blackshaw, Robert, Eric Johnson, Yantai Gan, William May, David McAndrew, Veronique Barthet, Tanya McDonald, and Dan Wispinski. "Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock on the Canadian prairies." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 5 (September 2011): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-002.
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Blackshaw, R. E., Johnson, E. N., Gan, Y., May, W. E., McAndrew, D. W., Barthet, V., McDonald, T. and Wispinski, D. 2011. Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock on the Canadian prairies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 889–896. Increased demand for biodiesel feedstock has encouraged greater napus canola (Brassica napus L.) production, but there may be a need for greater production of other oilseed crops for this purpose. A multi-site field study was conducted to determine the oil yield potential of various crops relative to that of napus canola in the semi-arid, short-season environment of the Canadian prairies. Oilseed crops evaluated included rapa canola (Brassica rapa L.), juncea canola (Brassica juncea L.), Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata L.), oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L.), yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), camelina (Camelina sativa L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Max.]. Crop emergence and growth were generally good for all crops, but soybean did not fully mature at some locations. The number of site-years (out of a total of 9) that crops attained similar or greater yields compared to napus canola were camelina (6), oriental mustard (5), juncea canola (3), flax (3), soybean (3), rapa canola (2), yellow mustard (2), and Ethiopian mustard (1). The ranking of seed oil concentration was napus canola=rapa canola= juncea canola=flax>camelina=oriental mustard>Ethiopian mustard>yellow mustard>soybean. Considering yield and oil concentration, the alternative oilseed crops exhibiting the most potential for biodiesel feedstock were camelina, flax, rapa canola and oriental mustard. Oils of all crops were easily converted to biodiesel and quality analyses indicated that all crops would be suitable for biodiesel feedstock with the addition of antioxidants that are routinely utilized in biodiesel fuels.
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Parma, Seema Nishant, Madhusudan N. Pawar, Rehman M. K., and Madhuri Wagh. "EFFICACY EVALUATION OF EXTRACTS OF BRASSICA JUNCEA AND BRASSICA ALBA SEEDS AS POTENTIAL ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT-IN VITRO STUDY, AGAINST PYOGENIC MICROBES - STREPTOCOCCUS PYROGENS, STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND E.COLI." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 9, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj0409072021.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that about 80% of the world’s population depends primarily on traditional medicine.[1] Ayurveda is the science of life, which aims at building a healthy body with a sound mind. During the past few decades, and in recent Covid-19 Pandaemic situations traditional systems of medicines have become a topic of global importance. The number of emerging multidrug-resistant microbial strains is continuously increasing and has become one of the most serious threats to the successful treatment of infectious diseases. In this study, the antibacterial potentials of the extracts of water, Petroleum ether, methanol & Chloroform of Brassica juncea & Brassica alba seeds were tested against mentioned pyogenic bacteria. Given reports of Brassica species in the treatment of various infections since the Vedic period & Ayurveda, the seed oil had been investigated for its anti-microbial activity by several research workers. Some herbs from Rakshoghna Gana [2] were screened for their in vitro anti-microbial activity on E.Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus. Hence as a part of further research, Brassicajuncea and Brassica alba various extracts and crude oils were evaluated for antibacterial activity against pyogenic bacteria Streptococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus and E.Coli by Agar Cup Dilution Technique against standard chemotherapeutic agents, by using 12 antibiotics, sensitivity discs. In vitro study revealed out that crude oil of Brassica juncea and Brassica alba is not potent as standard antimicrobial agents, but water extract and methanol extract possess significant antimicrobial activity in Vitro. Both the extract possesses antimicrobial activity against all 3 pyogenic bacteria and potent as standard 12 antimicrobial drugs. The extracts showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, inhibition zones of bacteria strains ranged from 3-12 mm for Staphylococcus aureus,3-15mm for Streptococcus pyrogens 5-12mm for E. coli. The result of the study supports the immense medicinal properties of Brassica juncea which has revealed a significant scope to develop a novel broad spectrum of antibacterial herbal formulation. Again Brassica alba was found superior in antibacterial action as compared to Brassica juncea as its mention in Ayurved Lexicon Bhavprakash Nighantu,[3,4] results substantiate the same. This is further open for re- search workers to carry out further research work on this project and to see the phagocytic action of the drug, fix the dose of the drug, fractionization of water and methanol extracts by HPTLC separation of active principle as further drug development. Keywords: Brassica juncea, Brassica alba, antibacterials agents, herbal medicine.
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May, W. E., S. A. Brandt, Y. Gan, H. R. Kutcher, C. B. Holzapfel, and G. P. Lafond. "Adaptation of oilseed crops across Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09179.
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Differences in response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer will affect the production economics of field crops. Currently, there is limited information comparing the agronomic and economic performance of juncea canola (Brassica juncea L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to napus canola (Brassica napus L.) and flax (Linum ustitatissimum L.) in Saskatchewan under no-till practices. A study of these species was carried out at five Saskatchewan locations over 3 yr and included eight nitrogen rates. All four species had a curvilinear increase in grain yield as N rate increased with the largest yield response observed in napus canola to as much as 200 kg N ha-1. The majority of the increase in flax grain yield occurred as the N rate increased from 10 to 90 kg ha-1, while most of the increase in grain yield of juncea canola and sunflower occurred as N increased from 10 to 70 kg ha-1. Biplot analysis indicated that grain yield variation was reduced at and above 50 kg N ha-1 in flax, napus canola and juncea canola, but not in sunflower. Analysis indicated that a wide range of N rates would provide a similar adjusted gross return within each crop with the exact N range being determined by crop price and nitrogen cost. The N rate affected the kernel weight of sunflower but not the kernel weight of other crops. The protein concentration of all the species increased as N rate increased. Seed oil concentration tended to decrease as the N rate increased, but this was not consistent. In conclusion, higher yielding cultivars of sunflower and juncea canola are needed before they will replace a large acreage of flax or napus canola; however, in the drier regions of the Saskatchewan there is potential to expand sunflower production.Key words: Brassica juncea, Helianthus annuus, Brassica napus, Linum usitatissimum, nitrogen, economic analysis
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I, Munged,, Muna I. Shumo, Tuhami Elzein Hagr, Fath El-Rahman A, and Hanan, H. "GC-MS Analysis, Physicochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Brassica Juncea L Seed Oil." Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology 10, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjet.2022.v10i10.003.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to assess the Physicochemical properties such as (Specific Gravity, Refractive Index, Acid Value, Percentage Free Fatty Acids, Peroxide Value, Saponification Value and Iodine Value), investigate the chemical constituents of the Fixed Oil from Brassica Juncea L seeds and to evaluate its potential antibacterial activity against five microorganisms (Bacillus Subitus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Coli, Salmonella, Penicillium and Aspergillus Niger). The chemical constituents of Brassica Juncea L seeds oil were identified and quantified by GC-MS, where disc diffusion assay were employed to evaluate the antibacterial activities and physicochemical properties using standard methods. Eight components that have been identified detected revealed the following major components: 13-Docosenoic Acid, Methyl Ester, (Z) (59.02%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid, Methyl Ester (14.65%),10-Octadecenoic Acid, Methyl Ester (8.66%) and cis-11-Eicosenoic Acid, Methyl Ester (7.82%). The physicochemical properties of Brassica Juncea L seed oil showed (Specific Gravity (0.923), Refractive Index (1.469), Acid Value (7.62), Percentage Free Fatty Acids (1.1), Peroxide Value (12.4), Saponification Value (18.23) and Iodine Value (110.35). The antibacterial activity showed partial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and inactive against the fungi. In conclusion, the results showed that the Oil of Brassica Juncea L Seeds is a potential source of natural antibacterial, and justify its uses in folkloric medicines.
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Bhadkariya, Rajeev Kumar, VK Jain, GPS Chak, and SK Gupta. "Remediation of cadmium by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) from cadmium contaminated soil: a phytoextraction study." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2014): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10533.
Full textAbstract:
Cadmium is a toxic metal for living organisms and an environmental contaminant. Soils in many parts of the world are slightly too moderately contaminated by Cd due to long term use and disposal of Cd-contaminated wastes. Cost effective technologies are needed to remove cadmium from the contaminated sites. Soil phytoextraction is engineering based, low cost and socially accepted developing technology that uses plants to clean up contaminants in soils. This technology can be adopted as a remediation of cadmium from Cd-contaminated soils with the help of Brassica juncea plant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the cadmium (Cd) accumulate and the tolerance of Brassica juncea. The Cd accumulates in all parts of plants (roots, stems and leaves). It was found that accumulating efficiency increased with the increase in the concentration of applied cadmium metal solution. Maximum accumulation of cadmium was found in roots than stem and leaves. Phytoextraction coefficient and translocation factor were highest to show the validity of the Brassica juncea species for hyperaccumulation of the Cd metal. These results suggested that Brassica juncea has a high ability to tolerate and accumulate Cd, so it might be a promising plant to be used for phytoextraction of Cd contaminated soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10533 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 229-237
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Sari, Eni Kartika. "Penetapan Kadar Klorofil dan Karotenoid Daun Sawi (Brassica) Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis." Fullerene Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v5i1.150.
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Chlorophyll and carotenoids are antioxidant compounds that are very potential. Both of these compounds are found in many vegetables. This research aims to determine the levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids in mustard (Brassica) leaves. There were three types of mustard leaves tested, namely greens mustard (Brassica rapa I.), white mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Analysis of samples by the Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry method. The results of the measurement of chlorophyll levels showed that pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) had the highest chlorophyll level which was 86,76 mg/g. While the lowest chlorophyll level is found in the type of white mustard which is equal to 0,75 mg/g. From the three of the mustard tested, green mustard (Brassica rapa I.) and pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) were mustard types that contained high carotenoids in the amount of 50,4 mg/g and 198,04 mg/g. While the type of white mustard (Brassica juncea L.) has the lowest carotenoid content for all preparations.
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Prakash, Shyam, and V. L. Chopra. "Reconstruction of allopolyploid Brassicas through non-homologous recombination: introgression of resistance to pod shatter in Brassica napus." Genetical Research 56, no. 1 (August 1990): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300028810.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryPod shattering of rapeseed (Brassica napus) causes serious yield loss. Genetic resistance to shattering has been introgressed into B. napus from B. juncea. This followed from allosyndetic pairing between chromosomes of B and C genomes in the interspecific F1 hybrid, B. juncea × B. napus (2n = 37, AABC). The reconstituted B. napus plant showed regular meiosis with 19 bivalents and had pollen and seed fertility of 84 and 23% respectively. An approach is suggested for achieving introgression from monogenomic diploids to digenomic allopolyploids that exploits non-homologous recombination.
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Bhoki, Marlinda, Julianus Jeksen, and Henderikus Darwin Beja. "Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Kandang Ayam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica Juncea L.)." Agro Wiralodra 4, no. 2 (July 29, 2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/agrowiralodra.v4i2.67.
Full textAbstract:
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi hijau (Brassica Juncea L.) dan mengetahui dosis optimum pupuk kandang ayam yang dapat memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi hijau (Brassica Juncea L.) yang optimal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan empat ulangan dan enam perlakuan yaitu, K0 : 0 ton / ha atau tanpa pupuk, K1: 20 ton/ha, K2: 30 ton/ha, K3: 40 ton/ha, K4: 50 ton/ha, K5: 60 ton/ha. Berdasarkan hasil analisis sidik ragam menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang ayam tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap berat segar tan-1 dan berat segar ha-1. Dosis optimum pupuk kandang ayam 60 ton ha-1 merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi hijau (Brassica Juncea L.) yang optimal dengan produksi rata-rata berat segar ha-1 mencapai 17,26 ton ha-1.
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Wechter, W. P., A. P. Keinath, M. McMillan, J. P. Smith, and M. W. Farnham. "Expression of Bacterial Blight Resistance in Brassica Leafy Greens Under Field Conditions and Inheritance of Resistance in a Brassica juncea Source." Plant Disease 97, no. 1 (January 2013): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-12-0220-re.
Full textAbstract:
Brassica leafy greens are one of the most economically important vegetable commodity groups grown in the southeastern United States, and more than 28,000 metric tons of these crops are harvested in the United States annually. Collard and kale (Brassica oleracea Acephala group), mustard green (B. juncea), and turnip green (B. rapa) are the most commonly planted members of the brassica leafy greens group. In the last 10 years, numerous occurrences of bacterial blight on these leafy vegetables have been reported in several states. One of the pathogens responsible for this blight is designated Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis. Two B. rapa (G30710 and G30499) and two B. juncea (PI418956 and G30988) plant introductions (PIs) that exhibited moderate to high levels of resistance to this pathogen in greenhouse studies were tested for field resistance in comparison with eight commercial cultivar representatives of turnip green, mustard green, collard, and kale. The two B. juncea PIs and one of the B. rapa PIs (G30499) were found to have significantly less disease than all tested cultivars except ‘Southern Curled Giant’ mustard green (B. juncea) and ‘Blue Knight’ kale (B. oleracea). Inheritance of resistance studies performed with populations derived from the resistant G30988 and two susceptible PIs provided some evidence that resistance may be controlled by a single recessive gene.
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Gan, Y., S. V. Angadi, H. Cutforth, D. Potts, V. V. Angadi, and C. L. McDonald. "Canola and mustard response to short periods of temperature and water stress at different developmental stages." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-109.
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Seed yield of Brassica crops in semiarid environments can be increased by minimizing the crops’ exposure to high temperature and water stress that often occurs during the growing season. A growth chamber study was conducted to determine the effect of short periods of high temperature and water stress at different developmental stages on seed yield and yield components of Brassica crops. Two canola-quality Brassica juncea ‘PC98-44’ and ‘PC98-45’, a Brassica napus canola ‘Quantum’, and a B. juncea oriental mustard ‘Cutlass’ were grown under 20/18°C day/night temperatures with photoperiod of 16/8 h light/dark. High (35/18°C) and moderate (28/18°C) temperature stress was imposed for 10 d during bud formation, flowering, and pod development. Low (90% available water) and high (50% available water) water stress was imposed in combination with the temperature treatments. On average, the 35/18°C stress reduced main stem pods by 75%, seeds pod-1 25%, and seed weight 22% from the control. Seed yield per plant was reduced by 15% when plants were severely (35/18°C) stressed during bud formation, 58% when stressed during flowering, and 77% when stressed during pod development. Plants stressed at earlier growth stages exhibited recovery, whereas stress during pod development severely reduced most of the yield components. Effect of water stress on seed yield was minimal regardless of crop developmental stage. The four Brassica cultivars responded similarly to water stress. In response to temperature stress, B. juncea produced greater number of pods per plant but had a great rate of pod infertility than B. napus. Seed yield of B. juncea in semiarid environments can be increased by improving pod fertility, whereas the seed yield of B. napus can be increased by improving pod pro duction and retention. Key words: Oilseed, yield components, Brassica species, moisture.
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Gerber, G. H. "Suitability of Brassica juncea (Brassicaceae) as a host plant for oviposition for Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-053.
Full textAbstract:
The suitability of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern as a host plant for oviposition for Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) was measured by comparing egg laying on five experimental lines or cultivars of this species with that on B. napus L. (cv. AC Excel, a suitable host) in no-choice or choice tests during a 14-d period in the greenhouse and field. Egg laying was measured indirectly by counting newly hatched nymphs emerging from the plants. The numbers of nymphs emerging from B. juncea (cv. Cutlass) and four experimental lines of B. juncea were about two to ten times lower than from B. napus, indicating that L. lineolaris females lay fewer than half as many eggs on the former species than on the latter species and that B. juncea as a species is a poor host plant for oviposition. The inflorescence was the preferred region of the plant for oviposition on B. napus but not on B. juncea. The numbers of nymphs emerging from the inflorescence of B. juncea (cv. Cutlass) were 8.4 times lower than from the inflorescence of B. napus, indicating that the differences in oviposition on these species were due to the presence of an antixenosis-type of plant resistance factor(s) in the inflorescence of B. juncea. Key words: Insecta, Miridae, Lygus lineolaris, oviposition, resistance, Brassica juncea, B. napus
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Fatima, Urooj, Priyadarshini Bhorali, and Muthappa Senthil-Kumar. "Morpho-Pathological and Global Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Robust Nonhost Resistance Responses in Chickpea Interaction with Alternaria brassicae." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, no. 12 (December 2019): 1598–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-19-0117-r.
Full textAbstract:
Alternaria blight, caused by Alternaria brassicae, causes considerable yield loss in Brassica crops. While several blight-resistant varieties have been developed using resistance sources from host germplasm, none of them are entirely successful in imparting durable resistance. This has prompted the exploration of novel gene pools of nonhost plant species. Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a durable form of resistance, comprising pre- and postinvasion layers of defense. We aimed to identify the molecular basis of NHR to A. brassicae and identify the layers of NHR operating in a nonhost, chickpea (Cicer arietinum). To elucidate the layers of NHR operating against A. brassicae, we compared the histopathology and infection patterns of A. brassicae in C. arietinum and Brassica juncea. Delayed conidial germination, impeded hyphal growth, suppressed appressorium formation, and limited hyphal penetration occurred in the nonhost plant compared with the host plant, implying the involvement of the preinvasion layer of NHR in C. arietinum. Next, we investigated the molecular basis of robust NHR, in C. arietinum challenged with A. brassicae, by microarray-based global transcriptome profiling. Genes involved in stomatal closure, cuticular wax biosynthesis, cell-wall modification, and secondary metabolite production (contributing to preinvasion NHR) as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death (contributing to postinvasion NHR) were found to be upregulated. Consistent with transcriptomic analysis, the morpho-pathological analysis revealed stomatal closure, ROS accumulation, and localized cell death in C. arietinum as the defense strategies against A. brassicae. Thus, we identified NHR-contributing genes with potential applications in blight resistance gene transfer to B. juncea.
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Braszewska-Zalewska, Agnieszka, Alina Dziurlikowska, and Jolanta Maluszynska. "Histone H3 methylation patterns in Brassica nigra, Brassica juncea, and Brassica carinata species." Genome 55, no. 1 (January 2012): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g11-076.
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Core histones are subjected to various post-translational modifications, and one of them, most intensively studied in plants, is the methylation of histone H3. In the majority of analyzed plant species, dimethylation of H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2) is detected in heterochromatin domains, whereas methylation of H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2) is detected in euchromatin domains. The distribution of H3K9me2 in the interphase nucleus seems to be correlated with genome size, chromatin organization, but also with tissue specificity. In this paper, we present the analysis of the pattern and level of histone H3 methylation for two allotetraploid and one diploid Brassica species. We have found that the pattern of H3K9me2 in interphase nuclei from root meristematic tissue is comparable within the analyzed species and includes both heterochromatin and euchromatin, but the level of modification differs not only among species but even among nuclei in the same phase of the cell cycle within one species. Moreover, the differences in the level of H3K9me2 are not directly coupled with DNA content in the nuclei and are probably tissue specific.