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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Brandfält'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Pettersson, Julia. "Brandrelaterade insekters lokala artrikedom i förhållande till olika miljövariabler : Fokus på betydelsen av konnektivitet på brandfält i boreal skog i Västerbottens län." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-99488.

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The last century, forest fires have decreased in frequency due to efficient fire-suppression along with the growth of the industrial forestry. Since 1990, fire has been reintroduced under controlled forms to recreate burnt habitats. Many species that are dependent on, or benefits from, forest fires have increased since fire was reintroduced. The importance of connectivity is often addressed in ecological research. This is particularly important for species dependent on short-lived habitats such as burnt forests. The aim of this study was to investigate if a higher connectivity between burnt forests leads to an increased occurrence of fire-related insects. The study also attempts to determine in what way connectivity and other variables in a burnt forest, such as amount of living and dead wood, distance to the coast and altitude, affects fire-related species. To investigate this, six burnt forests in Västerbotten County were sampled for fire-related insects. The sites were chosen along a gradient from high to low connectivity and close to far from the coast. The results showed that there are too few burnt forests in Västerbotten County to conduct a study of this magnitude. Still, the results provide an insight in how different environmental variables affect the number of fire-related species. The results showed a trend that increasing amount of living and dead wood and longer distance from the coast increase the local richness of fire-related species. Concerning the main aim in the study about connectivity, the analysis gives no support to either accept or reject the hypothesis.

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2

Bergenheim, Veronica. "Effekter av naturliga och antropogena bränder i skogar inom Norrköpings kommun." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105126.

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Tätortsnära naturreservat med vandringsleder och stigar bidrar till mycket mänsklig aktivitet. Denna aktivitet kan mynna ut i skogsbränder och naturvårdsbränningar som påverkar mark, träd och annan vegetation och bidrar tillhögre naturvärden och gynnar de få arter som är beroende av brand. Syftet med studien var att inventera brandfält i naturreservat som uppkommit spontant eller av antropogena aktiviteter. Studien innefattade att utvärdera hur träden reagerat på brand och om branden lett till en förändrad biologisk mångfald.Tolv talldominerade brandfält i fyra naturreservat inventerades. Ett brandfält är efter en kontrollerad naturvårdsbränning medan orsaken till de andra är okända. Resultaten visar på lågt antal skadade och stående döda träd samt en låg andel föryngring i flera brandfält. Dessa bränder påverkar biodiversiteten genom att de har gett en förändrad struktur och livsmiljö i jämförelse med obrända miljöer.

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3

Tesar, Can Nurettin. "Zum Tragverhalten von Verbunddeckensystemen im Brandfall /." Zürich : ETH / IBK, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17497.

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4

Bergmann, Marco [Verfasser]. "Zur Bemessung von Hohlprofilverbundstützen im Brandfall / Marco Bergmann." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033671517/34.

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5

Schleifer, Vanessa. "Zum Verhalten von raumabschliessenden mehrschichtigen Holzbauteilen im Brandfall /." Zürich : ETH, 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18156.

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6

Hothan, Sascha [Verfasser]. "Zur dreidimensionalen Simulation von Deckentragwerken im Brandfall / Sascha Hothan." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1170531733/34.

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7

Bechtold, Rolf [Verfasser]. "Zur thermischen Beanspruchung von Außenstützen im Brandfall / Rolf Bechtold." Braunschweig : Institut für Baustoffkunde und Stahlbetonbau (IBMB), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1231994029/34.

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8

Sido, Ivan, Martin Kassar, and Reem Bassi. "DIMENSIONERING AV TRÄTAKSTOLAR VID BRANDFALL : Enligt Kategori R30, R60." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55492.

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The following project work studies trusses and roof structures and their performance during a fire in terms of rules and requirements that needs to be considered. Determination of how resistant truss or roof construction is still heavily dependent on the subjective experience and assessment of professional. It means that nowadays stages of this defining of fire resistance of roof/truss are still in need of clarification. The load combination for accidental load is compared to the ultimate limit state during the fire and it was showed that the loads were lower. The strength of timber during the fire was calculated by the two methods. Calculations by both methods revealed that timber used in construction can withstand fire by 0 minutes. However, fire resistance of the wooden materials can be improved by different techniques that were described in this study. The biggest improvement of fire resistance can be achieved with the help of covering - gypsum boards and rockwool, or even with wooden covering if lower protection is needed. As well, many fire-retardant treatments were developed that can improve wood performance during fire by slowing down the spread of fire, by limiting the building up of smoke and other volatiles. Instead of fire-retardant treatment fire retardant paints can be used too. This study showed stages of establishing fire requirements of wooden roof structures by two examples. In this study, two calculations were performed for two different house types, a family house, and an apartment building, to compare the difference between normal load dimensioning and fire load dimensioning. In the fire load dimensioning method, two different times were considered - R30 and R60 load capacity. When calculating the normal load dimensioning, it has been shown that an unprotected truss has no fire resistance, and that the truss has a fire resistance, with respect to bearing capacity, which corresponds to R0, which means that it must be protected for the required time.
Samhällsbyggnad
Husbyggnad
Konstruktion

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9

Merk, Michael [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Winter, and Jochen [Akademischer Betreuer] Zehfuß. "Sicherheit mehrgeschossiger Holzgebäude im Brandfall - : Eine Risikoanalyse unter stochastischer Abbildung realer Ereignisverläufe im Brandfall / Michael Merk. Betreuer: Stefan Winter. Gutachter: Stefan Winter ; Jochen Zehfuß." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079324038/34.

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10

Gelien, Marion [Verfasser]. "Ein Beitrag zur Bemessung von Stahlbetonstützen im Brandfall / Marion Gelien." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018299599/34.

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11

Sothmann, Jörg [Verfasser]. "Zur Modellierung geschützter und ungeschützter Verbunddeckenträgersysteme im Brandfall / Jörg Sothmann." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2013. http://d-nb.info/1041654871/34.

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12

Mannsfeld, Thorsten Rolf [Verfasser]. "Tragverhalten von Stahlbetonﬂächentragwerken unter Berücksichtigung der temperaturbedingten Nichtlinearitäten im Brandfall / Thorsten Mannsfeld." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022901095/34.

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13

Wetzel, Timm [Verfasser], Karsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Tichelmann, and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Lange. "Zum Tragverhalten stählerner Stützen im Brandfall / Timm Wetzel ; Karsten Tichelmann, Jörg Lange." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116067499X/34.

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14

Kleibömer, Inka Colleen [Verfasser]. "Zum Verbundverhalten ausbetonierter Hohlprofilstützen mit massivem Stahlkern im Brandfall / Inka Colleen Kleibömer." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165251485/34.

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15

Peter, Carsten [Verfasser]. "Tragverhalten von Verkehrstunneln im Brandfall mit einer Innenschale aus PP-Faserbeton / Carsten Peter." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148444440/34.

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16

Motlohi, Khotsofalo Clement. "Potential of the implementation of demand-side management at the Theunissen-Brandfort pumps feeder." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/64.

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Thesis (M. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006
Demand-side management (DSM) is one of the integrated energy planning concepts that has only recently been introduced in South Africa. This concept needs to be fully developed in order to suit current industrial development situations. South Africa’s coal and water reserves will not last forever because of the growing population and the accompanying demands on our energy resources {[5] of Chapter 1]}. Therefore the demand-side interventions are considered on an effective means of overcoming these problems. The traditional approach of electrical energy utilisation by Eskom and its customers has to be reviewed. Socio-economic and environmental development benefits must also be reviewed. Advanced research on demand-side management has benefited the international world tremendously and this kind of research should also be done in South Africa. The research project for this study as described from chapter 1- 8 was undertaken to show the potential implementation of demand-side management and its interventions (DSM programme) on the Theunissen-Brandfort Pumps 11kV feeder (TBP). This would result in the generating of potential energy and cost-savings that would flow from the feasible DSM programme. This would be measured and verified by billing the actual saved energy at the TBP electrical system for the future. Every potentially saved-energy means one less potential reduction in emission. The case studies were conducted on Eskom’s entire TBP network and on four large power users which were identified and which provided the relevant potential results. Methodological design protocol processes for best-practice pollution prevention and the efficiency-energy (EE) audit protocol model, with its accompanying goal and objectives were used. The project concentrated on EE and time-of-use (TOU) factors related to the selected customers and the TBP as a whole, thus: potential Replacement and Rewinding of low efficiency with higher efficiency motors and the TBP feeder potential Load-Shifting. The stages within the EE, LS and DSM project process which were used for potential implementation are the following: project identification, energy audits and assumptions and recommendations for implementation. The M&V interaction with DSM, EE or LS project processes (methodology) for future implementation purposes (actual retrofitting) is also shown. The TBP feeder collective baseline (Figure 6.2) was quantified by trapezium rule. The feasible EE and LS programmes opportunities analysis on motors and the entire TBP were performed by inference and stipulation techniques and the potential energy reduction effects using a simulation programme called International Motor Selection and Savings Analysis (IMSSA). The potential LS programme was also performed based on the Eskom’s miniflex tariff defined time of use. TBP plant-wide EE and LS assessments conducted with the methodology mentioned, identified and quantified a total of two EE savings opportunities and were divided into four categories: those for short-term, long-term, none and best solution potential implementations (Table 7.9). As far as indirect results are concerned, DSM is a very new concept in South Africa and is consequently not well known. The study was based on simplicity in order to make the DSM subject very simple and easily accessible to future research. By using a simple and userfriendly IMSSA software programme, quick, relevant results were obtained. The study played an important role in influencing and educating interested parties about the importance of potential demand-side management concepts and objectives. The study compiled valuable information on EE, DSM (LS) and M&V that was previously unknown and, which will make future research much more accessible and manageable. It is recommended that all the motors identified as inefficient be rewound and replaced by new and efficient ones in the future. It is also very important that the potential LS programme be implemented only after these potential EE opportunities are implemented so that there will be sustainability and the DSM objectives may be achieved (Table 7.10). The project led to better grasp of electric energy consumption by the customers. From a socio-economic perspective, Eskom can distribute the surplus potentially saved energy of capacity at the TBP to other communities, which would also create employment if a new network could be built. Allocation of potentially saved energy to other population groups or customers of low-income groups in the Theunissen area would mean a significant lifestyle change. With regard to environmental benefits, previous research has proven that for every kWh of electricity saved, fewer emissions (e.g. C02) would be generated at the power station. The study addressed TBP-wide power use, focusing primarily on the demand-side interventions, but implications for improvements in the supply-side emission reductions were also considered.

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17

Hauswaldt, Sebastian Verfasser], Peter [Gutachter] Schaumann, Stefan [Gutachter] Hartmann, Nabil A. [Gutachter] [Fouad, and Udo [Gutachter] Nackenhorst. "Kontinuumsmechanische Werkstoffmodelle zur numerischen Simulation von Stahlbauteilen im Brandfall / Sebastian Hauswaldt ; Gutachter: Peter Schaumann, Stefan Hartmann, Nabil A. Fouad, Udo Nackenhorst." Berlin : Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 2020. http://d-nb.info/1210699648/34.

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18

Hauswaldt, Sebastian [Verfasser], Peter [Gutachter] Schaumann, Stefan [Gutachter] Hartmann, Nabil A. [Gutachter] Fouad, and Udo [Gutachter] Nackenhorst. "Kontinuumsmechanische Werkstoffmodelle zur numerischen Simulation von Stahlbauteilen im Brandfall / Sebastian Hauswaldt ; Gutachter: Peter Schaumann, Stefan Hartmann, Nabil A. Fouad, Udo Nackenhorst." Berlin : Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-507662.

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19

Benneyworth, Garth Conan. "Traces of forced labour – a history of black civilians in British concentration camps during the South African War, 1899-1902." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5466.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
During the South African War of 1899-1902 captured civilians were directed by the British army into military controlled zones and into refugee camps which became known as concentration camps. Established near towns, mines and railway sidings these camps were separated along racial lines. The British forced black men, women and children through the violence of war into agricultural and military labour as a war resource, interning over 110,000 black civilians in concentration camps. Unlike Boer civilians who were not compelled to labour, the British forced black civilians into military labour through a policy of no work no food. According to recent scholarly work based only on the written archive, at least 20,000 black civilians died in these camps. This project uses these written archives together with archaeological surveys, excavations, and oral histories to uncover a history of seven such forced labour camps. This approach demonstrates that in constructing an understanding and a history of what happened in the forced labour camps, the written archive alone is limited. Through the work of archaeology which uncovers material evidence on the terrain and the remains of graves one can begin to envisage the scale an extent of the violence that characterized the experience of forced laborers in the 'black concentration camps' in the South African War.

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20

Wetzel, Timm. "Zum Tragverhalten stählerner Stützen im Brandfall." Phd thesis, 2018. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/7365/1/Zum%20Tragverhalten%20st%C3%A4hlerner%20St%C3%BCtzen%20im%20Brandfall.pdf.

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Stählerne Stützen erwärmen sich im Brandfall schnell. Im Zentrum der Betrachtungen zum Tragverhalten stehen in der Regel der Verlust an Festigkeit und Steifigkeit. Gleichzeitig wird auf Basis probabilistischer Überlegungen gegenüber dem Kaltfall eine Reduktion der äußeren Lasten zugelassen. Es sind aber auch Einwirkungen infolge thermischer Dehnungen zu berücksichtigen. Daraus resultierende Zwangskräfte in Stützen sowie deren Auswirkung auf angrenzende Tragwerkselemente können bedeutsame Beurteilungsgrößen bei der Einschätzung des Tragverhaltens im Brandfall sein. Veränderungen der Einwirkungen infolge thermischer Dehnungen werden jedoch nur selten betrachtet. Dies liegt unter anderem daran, dass hierzu nur wenige Untersuchungen vorliegen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird diese Problemstellung aufgegriffen. Als Grundlage für die Betrachtungen zum Tragverhalten von Stahlstützen im Brandfall wird einleitend der Stand des Wissens zum mechanischen und thermischen Werkstoffverhalten beschrieben: Die Spannungs-Dehnungsbeziehungen nehmen für erhöhte Temperaturen einen linear elastischen, nichtlinear plastischen Verlauf an. Bei Stahltemperaturen oberhalb von 400 °C gewinnt zudem das Hochtemperaturkriechen an Bedeutung. Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten doppelsymmetrischer H-Querschnitte zeigen mithilfe von Momenten-Krümmungsbeziehungen, dass der Einfluss von Eigenspannungen auch bei erhöhten Temperaturen gerade für Krümmungen um die z-Achse bedeutend ist und bei Bauteilberechnungen nicht vernachlässigt werden kann. Das Last-Verformungsverhalten von Stützen wird insbesondere bei erhöhten Tempera-turen durch Steifigkeitsänderungen infolge der Ausbreitung von plastischen Zonen beeinflusst. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Ausbreitung der plastischen Zonen mithilfe numerischer Berechnungsverfahren iterativ erfasst. Die Ergebnisse der numerischen Berechnungen liefern hinreichende Übereinstimmungen mit experimentellen Versuchsergebnissen Dritter. Auf Grundlage der Berechnungsergebnisse wird ein Bemessungsverfahren vorgeschlagen, das die Tragfähigkeit von Stahlstützen mit einem doppelsymmetrischen H-Querschnitt unter Berücksichtigung der normativ geregelten Werkstoffgesetze sicher und genau abschätzen kann. Um Interaktionen einer Stütze mit der umgebenden Tragstruktur während eines Brandereignisses zu beschreiben, wird die Federcharakteristik der Stütze mit der des Bauwerks gekoppelt. Damit können Lastumlagerungen, zum Beispiel von der Stütze auf einen Unterzug, in Abhängigkeit von der Stahltemperatur modelliert werden. Durch weiterführende numerische Berechnungen werden Einflüsse des Schlankheitsgrades sowie von geometrischen Imperfektionen, Werkstoffverfestigungen und Abkühlungen herausgearbeitet. In diesem Zusammenhang zeigt sich, dass der maßgebende Belastungszustand für die umgebende Tragstruktur nicht zwangsweise mit der Maximaltemperatur erreicht ist. Vielmehr kann ein Abkühlungsprozess zu einer zusätzlichen Belastung führen. Die Arbeit schließt mit der Ausarbeitung einer Entwurfsstrategie für dehnungsbehinderte Stützen im Geschossbau.

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