Academic literature on the topic 'Branch-and-Check procedure'

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Journal articles on the topic "Branch-and-Check procedure":

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Agusfen, Tubel, and Asepma Hygi Prihastuti. "ANALYSIS OF DAMAGED AND EXPIRED RETURN GOODS PROCEDURES FOR MERCHANDISE INVENTORY INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM AT PT INDOMARCO ADI PRIMA PEKANBARU BRANCH." Utility : Journal of Economics Managemant and Accounting 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56107/utility.v1i1.9.

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This research is entitled "Analysis of Damaged and Expired Return Procedures on the Internal Control System of Merchandise Inventory at PT Indomarco Adi Prima Pekanbaru Branch". This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the procedure for returning damaged goods and returning expired goods within the internal control system of goods supply and to find out the effectiveness of the internal system of controlling goods supply at PT Indomarco Adi Prima Pekanbaru branch. This research is qualitative research with data collection techniques using interview sheets. The interview data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the return procedure for damaged and expired goods at the Pekanbaru branch of PT Indomarco Adi Prima has been implemented properly (effectively) so that it can help companies record financial reporting. make it easier for companies to find out the flow in and out of inventory and stiffen losses. Return procedures for damaged and expired goods can only help companies control inventory but cannot minimize losses. Therefore, solutions must be made to minimize damaged goods such as increasing security during the production and distribution process. To minimize the loss of expired goods, it is necessary to check the expiration period regularly and arrange goods according to the expiration date and provide discounts for goods that are close to expiration to accelerate the pace of sales. The internal inventory control system at PT Indomarco Adi Prima Pekanbaru branch has been effectively implemented in accordance with the components identified under COSO. Return procedures for damaged and expired goods can only help companies control inventory but cannot minimize losses. Therefore, solutions must be made to minimize damaged goods such as increasing security during the production and distribution process. To minimize the loss of expired goods, it is necessary to check the expiration period regularly and arrange goods according to the expiration date and provide discounts for goods that are close to expiration to accelerate the pace of sales. The internal inventory control system at PT Indomarco Adi Prima Pekanbaru branch has been effectively implemented in accordance with the components identified under COSO. Return procedures for damaged and expired goods can only help companies control inventory but cannot minimize losses. Therefore, solutions must be made to minimize damaged goods such as increasing security during the production and distribution process. To minimize the loss of expired goods, it is necessary to check the expiration period regularly and arrange goods according to the expiration date and provide discounts for goods that are close to expiration to accelerate the pace of sales. The internal inventory control system at PT Indomarco Adi Prima Pekanbaru branch has been effectively implemented in accordance with the components identified under COSO. solutions must be made to minimize damaged goods such as increasing security during the production and distribution process. To minimize the loss of expired goods, it is necessary to check the expiration period regularly and arrange goods according to the expiration date and provide discounts for goods that are close to expiration to accelerate the pace of sales. The internal inventory control system at PT Indomarco Adi Prima Pekanbaru branch has been effectively implemented in accordance with the components identified under COSO. solutions must be made to minimize damaged goods such as increasing security during the production and distribution process. To minimize the loss of expired goods, it is necessary to check the expiration period regularly and arrange goods according to the expiration date and provide discounts for goods that are close to expiration to accelerate the pace of sales. The internal inventory control system at PT Indomarco Adi Prima Pekanbaru branch has been effectively implemented in accordance with the components identified under COSO.
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Chin, Jae Hoon. "A study on the legislative process of the Republic of Korea." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 1 (December 31, 1986): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps01014.

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In view of the importance of Parliamentary System and legislation, this paper tries to examine the formal legislative procedure and its actual workings in the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea in order to find out some characteristic features of the legislative process and to suggest some improvements of the current practices. We found that the characteristic features of legislative procedure in the Korean National Assembly are as follows; First, deliberations at the standing committees occupy the central importance in the entire legislative process. Second, those legislative procedures which require open-door sessions have usually been inaccessible by the public due to short notice and lack of practice of public hearings. And thus the sub-committees have been held either at a closed-session, or at a corner of the lobby, excluding many aspirants of observers. Third, judicial review and presidential veto as a check and controlling mechanism on the law making process have played very insignificant role. Fourth, the Executive Branch has the superior position in the legislative process compared with the Legislative Branch; that is, the Executive Branch can exert greater influence in the submission, deliberation, and passage of the bills. Finally, the 38.1% 1,467 laws of the total 3,853 laws promulgated by the president have been propose by non-representatives. This may be one of the reasons why the general public has low respect and trust in the legislative process and the parliamentary democracy.
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Tria, Francesca, Emanuele Caglioti, Vittorio Loreto, and Andrea Pagnani. "A stochastic local search approach to language tree reconstruction." Diachronica 27, no. 2 (October 11, 2010): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.27.2.09tri.

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In this paper we introduce a novel stochastic local search algorithm to reconstruct phylogenetic trees. We focus in particular on the reconstruction of language trees based on the comparison of the Swadesh lists of the recently compiled ASJP database. Starting from a generic tree configuration, our scheme stochastically explores the space of possible trees driven by the minimization of a pseudo-functional quantifying the violations of additivity of the distance matrix. As a consequence the resulting tree can be annotated with the values of the violations on each internal branch. The values of the deviations are strongly correlated with the stability of the internal edges; they are measured with a novel bootstrap procedure and displayed on the tree as an additional annotation. As a case study we considered the reconstruction of the Indo-European language tree. The results are quite encouraging, highlighting a potential new avenue to investigate the role of the deviations from additivity and check the reliability and consistency of the reconstructed trees.
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Yuliansyah, Rahmat. "Analisis Sistem Akuntansi Pemberian Kredit Gadai dalam Mencegah terjadinya Kredit Macet terhadap UMKM pada PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Unit Pelayanan Syariah Cikijing." Jurnal Akuntansi dan Manajemen 15, no. 02 (October 1, 2018): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36406/jam.v15i02.178.

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This study aims to find out the accounting system and procedure of providing mortgage loans for Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and to know how to prevent the occurrence of bad loans at PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Cikijing Sharia Service Unit. This research uses descriptive research type, using qualitative research method. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. With data collection techniques through field studies (field research) is done by way of documentation and interviews with the Head of Branch Office PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Cikijing Sharia Service Unit. The data obtained through documentation and interviews first processed using software application program that is Microsoft Office then presented in the form of description and data table. The results showed that the accounting system and procedure of receiving mortgage loans for MSMEs or Ar-rum in PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Cikijing Sharia Service Unit has been run well. Starting from the application stage by the prospective customer, the completeness check phase of the requirements, the stage of assessment, approval or termination stage, and the contract stage and fund disbursement. To prevent the occurrence of bad credit using 4C analysis method Character (character), Capacity (capability), Capital (capital), and Collateral (guarantee). Efforts and management of non-performing loans are conducted by way of Somasi, insurance claims against problem loans, withdrawal of guarantee goods and the execution of collateral goods.
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Jalaludin, Jalaludin. "The Review of Opening Procedures of Sharia Based Saving in Sharia Financial Services Cooperation BMT Mitra Sadaya Branch of Purwakarta." Journal of Economicate Studies 1, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32506/joes.v1i2.180.

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This article describes the variation of syariah savings in the institution of the temple al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) Mitra sadaya. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach and the type of data used in this study is descriptive. The object of this research is the analysis of the opening procedure of sharia savings at the institution of bait al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) Mitra Sadaya Purwakarta branch. The subject of the research is the source of data asked for the information according to the research problem. This study aims to determine the form of procedures, implementation procedures, the benefits of procedures and factors in running procedures in the opening of syariah savings. The results of this study are: Variations of Islamic savings at the institution of the temple al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) Mitra sadaya there are three contracts used: (1) principle akad wadi'ah, (2) Mudharabah contract principle, (3) Qard. Then for the opening procedure of syariah savings as follows: (1) Prospective customers / members come to the office or hold an appointment with marketing bait al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT); (2) The prospective customer / member meets with the Customer Service section bait al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) Mitra sadaya; (3) Prospective customers / members fill out the application form of syariah account opening or savings account; (4) Prospective client / member shall sign the approval for opening of syariah saving account; (5) Entered and checked by the teller section; (6) Print sharia savings book in accordance with customer / member application; (7) The signing of officials related to the institution of al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) Mitra sadaya; (8) Calculate and give the first deposit money to the teller; (9) Input of initial deposit and deposit of deposit; (10) Re-check the nominal deposit with the amount of balance and stamp teller; (11) Account opening is completed and customers / members are welcome to go home. Shariah-compliant profit sharing of bait al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT) Partners sadaya partner, if the form of ordinary sharia savings (other than deposits) gifts or profits are given equivalent to 35% of office income. However, if included in the category of gift deposits granted equivalent to 9% -13% per year. As well as deposits that fall into the category of capital of the institution of bait al-Maal wa al-Tamwil (BMT). Sadaya Partners that last from 4-5 years, the profits are equal to 30% -110%.
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Sorvillo, G., F. Olivieri, A. Rainone, E. Quercia, A. Violante, A. Mazza, M. Russo, et al. "A VERY COMPLEX CLINICAL CASE OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME COMPLICATED BY THROMBOSIS AND INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE." European Heart Journal Supplements 26, Supplement_2 (April 2024): ii127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suae036.324.

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Abstract Female patient, 62 years old, with a remote clinical history of colon adenocarcinoma, arrived at the emergency–urgency department for chest pain; clinical, ECG and laboratory evaluation revealed a ACS NSTEMI and was performed angioplasty with DES implantation on the LAD and Cx branch and DAPT was started with ASA 100 mg/day and ticagrelor 90 mg x 2/day. On echocardiographic re–evaluation, the appearance of left ventricular thrombosis was noted, in the absence of obvious ventricular dysfunction, and she underwent parenteral anticolagulant treatment with heparin sodium. In the following days, the patient manifested a right sensory–motor hemisyndromes and aphasia, for which she underwent encephalous CT and cranial AngioTC, which did not show any images referable to steno–occlusive alterations of the intra– and extracranial arterial vessels. After neurological consultation, the indication for thrombolytic and/or interventional neuroradiological treatment was excluded. At the 24–hour CT check–up a large area of cortical–subcortical hypodensity appeared in the left occipito–temporo–parietal area. At subsequent CT scans, hyperdense areolae appeared, which could be attributed to haemorrhagic infarction, for which anticoagulant therapy was postponed and DAPT was suspended due to the very high haemorrhagic risk. In the next days, due to ECGgraphic changes (ST elevated in the anterior leads), the patient underwent a new emergency coronarographic study and intrastent thrombosis of the LAD branch was found, subjected to mechanical thromboaspiration with a good final result. After the procedure we started treatment with ASA 75 mg/day and enoxaparin 4000 IU/day. At subsequent check–ups progressive reduction of haemorrhagic areas in the brain. She therefore underwent neurological re–evaluation with indication to start NAO therapy (dabigatran 110 mg x 2/day) and SAPT with ASA 100 mg/day. The hospital stay was complicated by left femoral–popliteal DVT at the site of previous femoral CVC placement. Haematochemical and genetic screening revealed a positive ANA 1:320 (AC–8/AC–19), a homozygous mutation in the gene for MTHFR C677T and a heterozygous mutation in the gene for Leiden Factor V H1299R. Antithrombotic treatment in the patient with ACS and intracranial haemorrhage represents a challenge for the cardiologist and neurologist. This clinical case is a food for thought on how many obstacles can be encountered on the way to correct antithrombotic therapy.
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D'Amico, Vera, Francesco Visini, Andrea Rovida, Warner Marzocchi, and Carlo Meletti. "Scoring and ranking probabilistic seismic hazard models: an application based on macroseismic intensity data." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 4 (April 24, 2024): 1401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1401-2024.

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Abstract. A probabilistic seismic hazard model consists of a set of weighted models/branches that describes the center, the body and the range of seismic hazard. Owing to the intrinsic nature of this kind of analysis, the weight of each model/branch represents its scientific credibility. However, practical uses of this model may sometimes require the selection of one or a few hazard curves that are sampled from the whole model, which often consists of thousands of branches. Here we put forward an innovative procedure that facilitates the scoring, ranking and selection of the hazard curves to account for the requirements of a specific application. The approach consists of a careful quality check of the data used for scoring and the adoption of a proper scoring rule. To show the applicability of this approach, we present an example that consists of scoring and ranking a set of multiple models/branches constituting a recent seismic hazard model of Italy. To score these branches, hazard estimates produced by each of them are compared with time series of macroseismic observations available in the Italian macroseismic database for a carefully selected set of localities deemed sufficiently representative, homogeneously distributed in space and complete with respect to time and intensity levels. The proper scoring parameter used for such a comparison is the logarithmic score, which can always be applied independently of the distribution of the data.
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Ugurlucan, Murat, Ahmet H. Arslan, Yahya Yildiz, Sibel Ay, Resmiye T. Besikci, and Sertac Cicek. "Tetralogy of Fallot with unilateral absent pulmonary artery." Cardiology in the Young 23, no. 3 (July 18, 2012): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951112000911.

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AbstractBackgroundTetralogy of Fallot is a common congenital cardiac malformation. A rare subgroup includes unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery, either the left or the right main branch. The literature lacks an established treatment for these cases, and surgical options carry certain mortality and morbidity.Patients and methodsThere were five patients who had single pulmonary artery and received surgical treatment among the 126 patients with the diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot, who were admitted to our institution between July, 2010 and November, 2011. All the patients were male. Ages ranged between 12 months and 8 years. The mean body mass index was 17.1 plus or minus 3.4 kilograms per square metre. Pulmonary artery Nakata index, Nakata index Z-score, and the McGoon index were used for the quantitative assessment of the pulmonary artery and to determine the surgical strategy.ResultsUrgent modified Blalock–Taussig shunt operations were performed in two patients with very low oxygen saturation and haemodynamic instability. These patients are scheduled for corrective procedures on an elective basis. There was one patient who received an elective shunt procedure; however, the post-operative course was complicated with the overflow phenomenon and the patient underwent total correction with a check-valved patch used to close the ventricular septal defect. The patient required extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support in the post-operative period. There were two patients who underwent total correction of the pathology uneventfully. Mortality did not occur. Mean durations of hospital stay and follow-up were 14 plus or minus 13.4 days and 184.5 plus or minus 89.3 days, respectively.ConclusionOur modest series with Tetralogy of Fallot with unilateral absent pulmonary artery indicates the feasibility of surgical correction in patients with appropriate unilateral pulmonary artery size and palliative procedures when the pulmonary artery size is smaller than that predicted for the age. Multi-centre long-term data of larger series are warranted in order to establish a treatment protocol.
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BABURIN, V. L., M. D. GORYACHKO, K. V. DEMIDOVA, and M. A. MAKUSHIN. "CORE-PERIPHERAL MODEL OF INDUSTRIAL LOCALIZATION: WORLD AND RUSSIA." Ser-5_2023_4 78, no. 4 (2023) (September 18, 2023): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.4.1.

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The article deals with the problems of industrial territorial organization in the world and Russia under the “core - periphery” concept. The study is currently important because of the lack of systematic works considering the position of countries and regions in the “core - periphery” structure and the need to elaborate a typology of regions for the purposes of industrial policy. The object of the study is the countries of the world and the regions of Russia, and the subject is the level of their industrial development. The purpose of the study is to suggest a typology of the countries of the world and the regions of Russia in the core-periphery structure of industrial space basing on the qualitative and quantitative methodology. The novelty of the study is the application of an evolutionary and multi-scale approach to the analysis of the distribution of industrial potential across the countries of the world and the subjects of the Russian Federation. The research methodology assumes a qualitative and quantitative procedure for differentiating countries and regions of Russia by industrial productivity, its share in GDP/GRP, the evolutionary stage of development (duration of the industrialization cycle) and geographical location. The main task is to check the operability of the “core - periphery” model in relation to the cycles of industrialization for the end-to-end typology of the countries of the world and the regions of Russia. Special emphasis is placed on the study of differences in industrial productivity under the influence of such geographical factors as the level of industrialization, the resource capacity of production, the scale and branch structure of industry. While analyzing industry at the country level, the emphasis is on the duration of the period of industrialization, the per capita volume of industrial production and the share of industry in GDP. Labor productivity was calculated for the regions of Russia, and the level of innovation activity was also considered. The position of a country or a region in the “core - periphery” system depends on the branch of specialization, the “age” of industry and the industrial policy of the state: the countries and regions that modernize existing funds faster or create new industries preserve their core position. Old industrial countries and regions are shifting into sub-periphery and periphery. The sub-periphery also includes industrial and agricultural regions with a high share of agriculture and small resource regions of Siberia and the Far East. The composition of the periphery is stable and includes the underdeveloped republics of the Caucasus and southern Siberia. The current results made it possible to compare the typology of countries and regions in the “core - periphery” system, while the final results could be used to adjust Russia’s industrial policy.
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Inoue, Naoya, Shuji Morikawa, Takashi Ogane, Takehiro Hiramatsu, and Toyoaki Murohara. "Clinical value of the fibrosis-4 index in predicting mortality in patients with right ventricular pacing." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 5, 2024): e0294221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294221.

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Background The fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index has attracted attention as a predictive factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with heart disease. However, its clinical value in patients with implanted pacemakers remains unclear. Methods This study included patients who underwent pacemaker implantation. The FIB-4 index was calculated based on blood tests performed during the procedure. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes included cardiovascular death, non-cardiovascular death, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; composite of cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke). The FIB-4 index was stratified into tertiles. Between-group comparisons were performed using log-rank tests and multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards. The predictive accuracy and cut-off value of the FIB-4 index were calculated from the receiver operating characteristic curve for all-cause mortality. Finally, based on the calculated cut-off values, the patients were divided into two groups for outcome validation and subgroup analysis. Results This study included 201 participants, of whom 38 experienced death during the observation period (median: 1097 days). All-cause mortality, non-cardiovascular death, and MACE differed significantly between groups stratified by the FIB-4 index tertiles (log-rank test: P<0.001, P<0.001, and P = 0.045, respectively). Using Cox proportional hazards analysis, the unadjusted hazard ratio was 4.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.05–11.0, P<0.001) for Tertile 3 compared to Tertile 1. After adjustment for confounding factors, including sex, the presence or absence of left bundle branch block at baseline, QRS duration during pacing, and pacing rate at the last check, the hazard ratio was 4.79 (95% CI: 2.04–11.2, P<0.001). The cut-off value of the FIB-4 index was 3.75 (area under the curve: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.62–0.82). Conclusions In patients with pacemakers, the FIB-4 index may be a predictor of early all-cause mortality, with a cut-off value of 3.75.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Branch-and-Check procedure":

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Joubert, Guillaume. "Periodic train timetabling with mesoscopic tracks assignment." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COMP2775.

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En qualité de Gestionnaire de l’Infrastructure ferroviaire nationale, SNCF Réseau a notamment pour mission de répartir annuellement les capacités de cette infrastructure, soit produire un ensemble d’intervalles de temps de réservation sur les voies pour permettre la circulation sécurisée de trains répondant à une demande des Autorités Organisatrices de Transports (AOT) : on parle d’ordonnancement de sillons. Ce projet de thèse s’inscrit dans une démarche d’aide à la décision pour les chargés d’études horaires produisant des sillons, dans un contexte où les demandes des AOT et l’état de l’infrastructure ferroviaire peuvent varier d’une année sur l’autre. Nous nous intéressons à une phase dite de structuration de la capacité, où le problème est de savoir si à partir d’une demande de sillons et d’une infrastructure connues, il existe un ordonnancement périodique répondant à cette demande de sillons et respectant les contraintes liées à l’exploitation ferroviaire. Nous proposons deux méthodes pour résoudre ce problème. La première méthode se base sur un modèle en Programmation Linéaire en Nombres Entiers inspiré de la littérature et que nous avons décomposé afin de faciliter sa résolution. La grille horaire est ainsi décidée en premier lieu, suivie de l’affectation des voies. Une fonction d’évaluation de conflits entre sillons sans utilisation de connaissance explicite sur l’affectation des voies permet d’effectuer le choix de la grille horaire tel qu’une affectation de voies est possible par la suite. Afin de résoudre des instances difficiles, nous proposons une heuristique constructive et une recherche tabou pour résoudre les conflits plus efficacement. La deuxième méthode s’appuie sur un modèle en Programmation Par Contraintes avec lequel nous optimisons les temps de retournement des rames stationnées en gares terminus. Nous avons développé des algorithmes de filtrage afin d’améliorer les algorithmes de maintien de consistance d’arc pour les contraintes de précédence et les contraintes disjonctives du problème, ayant toutes la particularité d’être périodiques. Nous proposons des bornes inférieures basées sur la contribution minimale de sous-ensembles de sillons à la fonction objective afin d’améliorer la preuve d’optimalité des solutions. Enfin, nous présentons des stratégies de branchement et une procédure de Branch-and-Check pour améliorer les performances de résolution. Ces approches sont testées sur différentes instances du problème, basées sur deux infrastructures fictives ainsi que sur l’Etoile de Savoie centrée autour de la gare de Chambéry - Challes-les-Eaux
As the French railway Infrastructure Manager, SNCF Réseau produces train timetables on a yearly basis, by deciding a set of time intervals on tracks to allow safe trains circulation that fulfils a mobility demand from the Transport Organisation Authority (TOA): this is a periodic slot scheduling task. This PhD project aims at providing a decision-aid tool to the timetable planners, in a context where the mobility demand expressed by the TOA and the infrastructure state change from a year to another. We focus on a production phase said capacity structuring, where the problem is to decide whether from a known slots demand and infrastructure state, there is a periodic scheduling fulfilling this slots demand and satisfying the safety constraints arising from rail operations. We propose two methods to solve this problem. The first method is based on an Integer Linear Programming model inspired from the literature and that we decomposed to ease the solution search. The timetable determination is then made before the tracks assignment. A conflict evaluation function that does not require explicit tracks assignment knowledge is used to obtain conflict-free timetables for which a tracks assignment is reachable. In order to solve challenging instances, we propose a constructive heuristic and a tabu search framework to resolve conflicts moreefficiently. The second method relies on a Constraint Programming model that we use to optimise the turnover time of rolling stock at terminus stations. We developed filtering algorithms to improve algorithms that maintain the arc-consistency of precedence and disjunctive constraints of the problem, all having a periodic aspect. We propose lower bounds based on the minimal cost contribution of slots subsets to the objective function in order to improve the optimality proof of the solutions. Finally, we present branching strategies and a Branch-and-Check procedure to improve the resolution performance.These approaches are tested on different instances of the problem, based on two fictive infrastructures as well as on the Savoie area centred around Chambéry - Challes-les-Eaux station

Books on the topic "Branch-and-Check procedure":

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Miller, Nicholas R. Social Choice Theory and Legislative Institutions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1.

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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Please check back later for the full article.Narrowly understood, social choice theory is a specialized branch of applied logic and mathematics that analyzes abstract objects called preference aggregation functions, social welfare functions, and social choice functions. But more broadly, social choice theory identifies, analyzes, and evaluates rules that may be used to make collective decisions. So understood, social choice is a subfield of the social sciences that examines what may be called “voting rules” of various sorts. While social choice theory typically assumes a finite set of alternatives over which voter preferences are unrestricted, the spatial model of social choice assumes that policy alternatives can be represented by points in a space of one or more dimensions, and that voters have preferences that are plausibly shaped by this spatial structure.Social choice theory has considerable relevance for the study of legislative (as well as electoral) institutions. The concepts and tools of social choice theory make possible formal descriptions of legislative institutions such as bicameralism, parliamentary voting procedures, effects of decision rules (e.g., supramajority vs. simple majority rule and executive veto rules), sincere vs. strategic voting by legislators, agenda control, and other parliamentary maneuvers. Spatial models of social choice further enrich this analysis and raise additional questions regarding policy stability and change. Spatial models are used increasingly to guide empirical research on legislative institutions and processes.

Book chapters on the topic "Branch-and-Check procedure":

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Bottesch, Ralph, Max W. Haslbeck, Alban Reynaud, and René Thiemann. "Verifying a Solver for Linear Mixed Integer Arithmetic in Isabelle/HOL." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 233–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55754-6_14.

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AbstractWe implement a decision procedure for linear mixed integer arithmetic and formally verify its soundness in Isabelle/HOL. We further integrate this procedure into one application, namely into , a formally verified certifier to check untrusted termination proofs. This checking involves assertions of unsatisfiability of linear integer inequalities; previously, only a sufficient criterion for such checks was supported. To verify the soundness of the decision procedure, we first formalize the proof that every satisfiable set of linear integer inequalities also has a small solution, and give explicit upper bounds. To this end we mechanize several important theorems on linear programming, including statements on integrality and bounds. The procedure itself is then implemented as a branch-and-bound algorithm, and is available in several languages via Isabelle’s code generator. It internally relies upon an adapted version of an existing verified incremental simplex algorithm.
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Gams, Matjaz, and Matej Ozek. "Use of Data Mining Techniques for Process Analysis on Small Databases." In Dynamic and Advanced Data Mining for Progressing Technological Development, 422–36. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-908-3.ch017.

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The pharmaceutical industry was for a long time founded on rigid rules. With the new PAT initiative, control is becoming significantly more flexible. The Food and Drug Administration is even encouraging the industry to use methods like machine learning. The authors designed a new data mining method based on inducing ensemble decision trees from which rules are generated. The first improvement is specialization for process analysis with only a few examples and many attributes. The second innovation is a graphical module interface enabling process operators to test the influence of parameters on the process itself. The first task is creating accurate knowledge on small datasets. The authors start by building many decision trees on the dataset. Next, they subtract only the best subparts of the constructed trees and create rules from those parts. A best tree subpart is in general a tree branch that covers most examples, is as short as possible and has no misclassified examples. Further on, the rules are weighed, regarding the number of examples and parameters included. The class value of the new case is calculated as a weighted average of all relevant rule predictions. With this procedure the authors retain clarity of the model and the ability to efficiently explain the classification result. In this way, overfitting of decision trees and overpruning of the basic rule learners are diminished to a great extent. From the rules, an expert system is designed that helps process operators. Regarding the second task of graphical interface, the authors modified the Orange explanation module so that an operator at each step takes a look at several space planes, defined by two chosen attributes (Demšar et al., 2004). The displayed attributes are the ones that appeared in the classification rules triggered by the new case. The operator can interactively change the current set of process parameters in order to check the improvement of the class value. The task of seeing the influence of combining all the attributes leading to a high quality end product (called design space) is now becoming human comprehensible, it does not demand a highdimensional space vision any more. The method was successfully implemented on data provided by a pharmaceutical company. High classification accuracy was achieved in a readable form thus introducing new comprehensions.

Conference papers on the topic "Branch-and-Check procedure":

1

Sutoyo, H. R. D., M. C. Bellout, M. Hånes, and R. Oliveira. "Ensemble-Based Proactive Optimization using a Reactive Strategy for ICV Control." In SPE Norway Subsurface Conference. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218472-ms.

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Abstract:
Abstract Interval Control Valves (ICVs) are widely used to control fluid flow in producers and injectors. These devices help increase recovery throughout a field's lifespan by enabling effective drainage of reservoir zones. Suitable control methodologies are essential to ensure effective application of this technology in field cases. This paper introduces a workflow for assisting ICV operation based on a rule-based control criteria applied over an ensemble of models and how the optimal control targets can be found by putting these targets as control variables in ensemble optimization. The proposed methodology is developed to assist engineers in planning ICV operations using ensemble-based reservoir simulation. The inclusion of multiple realizations in the procedure ensures that a proper representation of uncertainty is considered in the development of the ICV operational plan. The methodology implements a rule-based control concept performing the following steps: (1) check whether the control criteria are satisfied, (2) modify the ICV setting, (3) advance the simulation a given small time step, followed by returning to (1) to check whether the criteria are satisfied. On top of this, a gradient-based optimization is performed that uses an ensemble-based stochastic approximation of the derivative. The controls of the optimization are the individual values of the target parameters used in step (1), and the objective of the optimization is to maximize hydrocarbon the ensemble mean oil recovery. The methodology is applied on a synthetic reservoir model with ten realizations. The case studied involves five producers and two water injectors. One ICV each is installed on four of the producers, while the fifth producer consists of two laterals with one ICV in each branch. The rule-based control ensures that each individual producer’s water-cut limit is fulfilled for every realization, while the optimization ensures the optimal values of the limits are found. This approach provides a way to efficiently operate ICVs given reservoir uncertainty. Two definitions for the water-cut limit are tested. Results for this simple case study yield 5% increase in mean oil recovery across the ensemble.

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