Journal articles on the topic 'Brake Wear'
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1
Li, Wei, Hong Yu Zheng, and Chang Fu Zong. "A Brake Pad Wear Control Algorithm for Electronic Brake System." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 2099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.2099.
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A brake pad wear control algorithm used under uncritical braking conditions is proposed to reduce the difference in brake pad wear between the front and rear axles caused by the difference in braking force and the type of brake. The algorithm regulates the distribution of braking force within the limits of certain braking regulations according to the wear conditions of the brake pads while deceleration control still functions properly. Computer co-simulations of braking with Trucksim and Matlab/Simulink was performed in which vehicle models with equal brake pad wear, greater wear on the front axle and greater wear on the rear axle were used. The results show that the difference in brake pad wear between the front and rear axles can be reduced by distributing the braking force according to the wear conditions of the brakes when braking uncritically to reduce the time and cost needed in repair and maintenance.
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Sawczuk, Wojciech, Armando Miguel Rilo Cañás, Dariusz Ulbrich, and Jakub Kowalczyk. "Modeling the Average and Instantaneous Friction Coefficient of a Disc Brake on the Basis of Bench Tests." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 4766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164766.
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This article presents the results of tests conducted on the average and instantaneous friction coefficients of railway vehicle disc brakes. The tests were carried out independently of various states of wear on the friction linings and the brake disc. The requirements of the International Union of Railways (UIC) regarding the approval of brake linings for use were taken into account. Based on many years of research using a brake bench to test railway disc brakes, the authors developed multiple regression models for the average friction coefficient and fluctuations (tolerances) in the instantaneous friction coefficient and achieved 870 results. The models proposed three types of variables: the input braking parameters (speed, pressure, and mass to be braked), operational parameters (the wear on the friction linings and the brake disc), and design parameters (perforations in the form of holes on the disc surface). The above two models were validated on the basis of 384 brakes, and in subsequent stages a further evaluation was performed. The coefficients were determined to be, respectively, 0.99 for the model of the average friction coefficient and 0.71 for the model of tolerance (fluctuations) of the instantaneous friction coefficient.
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Barecki, Z., and S. F. Scieszka. "Some Factors Influencing Friction Brake Performance: Part 3—Computer Simulation of the Lining Wear Process in Friction Brakes." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 111, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258958.
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In this paper the simulative model of the friction lining wear process in a winding gear, post type, brake is presented. In the modelling procedure, the wear characteristics of the friction materials and the brake variables typical for winding brakes, for example, the elastic property of the brake elements were taken into consideration. The modelling of the friction lining wear process was used to predict associated changes in the pressure distribution, and other mechanical characteristics of the brake system.
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Sawczuk, Wojciech, Agnieszka Merkisz-Guranowska, Armando-Miguel Rilo Cañás, and Sławomir Kołodziejski. "New approach to brake pad wear modelling based on test stand friction-mechanical investigations." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 24, no. 3 (May 26, 2022): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2022.3.3.
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The paper presents the results of investigations of a railway disc brake system related to the mass wear of its brake pads. The tests were carried out on a certified brake stand designed to determine the friction-mechanical characteristics of the brakes. The test stand was additionally equipped with a thermographic camera to observe the contact points of the brake pads with the disc. Particular attention was drawn to investigating the impact on the mass wear of the brake pads of such parameters of the braking process as contact surface of the brake pad with the rotor, thickness of the brake pads as the indicator of their initial wear, clamping force of the pads against the rotor, rail vehicle mass to be decelerated, and speed, at which the deceleration begins. The scientific aim of the paper is to present the relations between the mass wear of the brake pads and the quantities that characterize the braking process. A regression model was determined to estimate the wear of the brake pads based on a single braking process with the preset input quantities.
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Bondorf, Linda, Lennart Köhler, Tobias Grein, Fabius Epple, Franz Philipps, Manfred Aigner, and Tobias Schripp. "Airborne Brake Wear Emissions from a Battery Electric Vehicle." Atmosphere 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030488.
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Although traffic exhaust emissions in Europe have been drastically reduced, airborne particle emissions caused by brakes and tires are still increasing with the number of vehicles. The measurement of non-exhaust emissions is an emerging technological challenge. We present a custom measurement setup to investigate the brake- and tire-wear emissions of an in-use battery electric vehicle. A separate brake housing and HEPA ventilation enabled airborne brake wear emissions to be measured under realistic conditions without external influences. The emission tests on a chassis dynamometer included particle number concentrations and particle size distribution for diameters of 4 nm to 10 μm. Emission indices were determined for three driving cycles: WLTC Class 3b, WLTC Brake Part 10, and a real driving cycle. Further investigations focused on emission control through regenerative braking and brake coating. Driving with regenerative braking reduced emissions by up to 89.9%, which related to the concentration of particles in the ultrafine/fine size range. Hard-metal brake coating led to a further significant reduction in emissions of up to 78.9%. The results point the way to future RDE measurement of non-exhaust emissions and show the potential of regenerative braking and brake coating to reduce airborne brake wear emissions.
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Zhang, Tuo, Sungjin Choi, Seoyeon Ahn, Chanhyuk Nam, and Geesoo Lee. "Enclosure Design for Brake Wear Particle Measurement Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092356.
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The harmfulness of fine dust generated by automobile brakes to the environment has recently received attention. Therefore, we aimed to analyze and regulate the brake wear particles in dynamometers. To accurately measure the number of particles and particle mass, the sampling system used needs to minimize transportation losses and reduce the residence time in the brake enclosure system. The brake dust measurement system currently used can estimate the main transportation loss but cannot evaluate the complex flow field in the brake enclosure system under different design conditions. We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology to predict the behavior of brake wear particles and analyze the static pressure characteristics, the uniformity of the system flow, and the residence time of the brake dust particles in the system. In addition, we compared the design of the basic structure of the brake enclosure system, combined with the four factors affecting the design of the brake dynamometer, with the enclosure system. As a result, we proposed that the design of the cross section of the brake dynamometer enclosure should be circular, the outlet angle of the enclosure should be 15°, the caliper should be fixed to 150°, and two sets of splitters should be added. This design improves pressure loss and reduces the residence time of brake dust particles in the brake enclosure system.
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Wieczorowski, Michał, Robert Mrozek, and Paweł Andrałojć. "The Use of Surface Asperities Analysis to Investigate Wear of Bodies in Contact on Example of Brake Elements." Metrology and Measurement Systems 17, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-010-0023-7.
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The Use of Surface Asperities Analysis to Investigate Wear of Bodies in Contact on Example of Brake ElementsThe use of surface analysis to investigate brake elements shows how a pair in contact works and wears out during regular operation. The main purpose of this paper is to describe the asperities from initial state to a moment when further use of the drum and shoe is not possible. Between exchange of vital brake elements a truck with total mass exceeding 3.5 tons can cover as many as 300 000 kilometres. Use of brakes during the first 1000 kilometres after maintenance should be rather gentle with possibly intensive use of engine brake installed in the truck itself, because if this rule is not adhered to it may lead to a significant decrease of the braking force and on the surface of the pair in contact a layer will appear that is not possible to wear off and that will make it impossible to stop a truck using brakes. In that condition the shoe should be immediately replaced and the drum should be remachined (by turning) to a repair dimension. In the paper the condition and analysis of a surface after different course of exploitation was presented.
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Qu, Bao Zhang, Hong Bo Zhang, Bi Hong Lu, and Zhen Ming Liu. "Research on Brake Shoe Eccentric Wear Mechanism by Analytical Method and Virtual Experiment." Key Engineering Materials 620 (August 2014): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.620.318.
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In this paper, a theoretical mechanical model for the brake shoe is set up according to the foundation brake unit of railway freight cars, and it indicates that the friction moment is the origin resulting in brake shoe eccentric wear. On this basis, the pressure distribution formula on the brake shoe is derived when the train brakes in forward and backward direction respectively. The analysis results show that if the wheel and the brake shoe are concentric, the ratio of the revolving-in end pressure to the revolving-out end pressure in wheel forward revolving is larger than that in wheel backward revolving. It is consistent with the phenomena that upper eccentric wear often appears on the brake shoe in practice. Further research reveals that the degree of the eccentric wear is determined by the braking force action style, which is the theoretical basis for the design revision. In addition, the RecurDyn Multi-body Dynamics software is used to build the rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model for the foundation brake unit. The simulation experiment verified the analysis result. The research outcome provides the theoretical basis and technical support for further design improvement of the foundation brake unit in railway freight cars.
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Rahimi, Mostafa, Daniele Bortoluzzi, and Jens Wahlström. "Input Parameters for Airborne Brake Wear Emission Simulations: A Comprehensive Review." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (July 4, 2021): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070871.
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Non-exhaust emissions, generated by the wear of brake systems, tires, roads, clutches, and road resuspension, are responsible for a large part of airborne pollutants in urban areas. Brake wear accounts for 55% of non-exhaust emissions and significantly contributes to urban health diseases related to air pollution. A major part of the studies reported in the scientific literature are focused on experimental methods to sample and characterize brake wear particles in a reliable, representative, and repeatable way. In this framework, simulation is an important tool, which makes it possible to give interpretations of the experimental results, formulate new testing approaches, and predict the emission produced by brakes. The present comprehensive literature review aims to introduce the state of the art of the research on the different aspects of airborne wear debris resulting from brake systems which can be used as inputs in future simulation models. In this review, previous studies focusing on airborne emissions produced by brake systems are investigated in three main categories: the subsystem level, system level, and environmental level. As well as all the information provided in the literature, the simulation methodologies are also investigated at all levels. It can be concluded from the present review study that various factors, such as the uncertainty and repeatability of the brake wear experiments, distinguish the results of the subsystem and system levels. This gap should be taken into account in the development of future experimental and simulation methods for the investigation of airborne brake wear emissions.
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Mamakos, Athanasios, Michael Arndt, David Hesse, and Klaus Augsburg. "Physical Characterization of Brake-Wear Particles in a PM10 Dilution Tunnel." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110639.
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A dilution tunnel was designed for the characterization of brake-wear particle emissions up to 10 μm on a brake dyno. The particulate matter emission levels from a single front brake were found to be 4.5 mg/km (1.5 mg/km being smaller than 2.5 μm) over a novel real-world brake cycle, for a commercial Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) pad. Particle Number (PN) emissions as defined in exhaust regulations were in the order of 1.5 to 6 × 109 particles per km per brake (#/km/brake). Concentration levels could exceed the linearity range of full-flow Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) over specific braking events, but remained at background levels for 60% of the cycle. Similar concentrations measured with condensation and optical counters suggesting that the majority of emitted particles were larger the 300 nm. Application of higher braking pressures resulted in elevated PN emissions and the systematic formation of nano-sized particles that were thermally stable at 350 °C. Volatile particles were observed only during successive harsh braking events leading to elevated temperatures. The onset depended on the type of brakes and their prehistory, but always at relatively high disc temperatures (280 to 490 °C).
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Sawczuk, Wojciech. "The Application of Vibration Accelerations in the Assessment of Average Friction Coefficient of a Railway Brake Disc." Measurement Science Review 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2017-0016.
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AbstractDue to their wide range of friction characteristics resulting from the application of different friction materials and good heat dissipation conditions, railway disc brakes have long replaced block brakes in many rail vehicles. A block brake still remains in use, however, in low speed cargo trains. The paper presents the assessment of the braking process through the analysis of vibrations generated by the components of the brake system during braking. It presents a possibility of a wider application of vibroacoustic diagnostics (VA), which aside from the assessment of technical conditions (wear of brake pads) also enables the determination of the changes of the average friction coefficient as a function of the braking onset speed. Vibration signals of XYZ were measured and analyzed. The analysis of the results has shown that there is a relation between the values of the point measures and the wear of the brake pads.
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Zhang, S., Q. Hao, Y. Liu, L. Jin, F. Ma, Z. Sha, and D. Yang. "Simulation Study on Friction and Wear Law of Brake Pad in High-Power Disc Brake." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (July 14, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6250694.
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For the serious and uneven wear of the brake pad in the high-power disc brake during braking, the dynamic variation of the brake disc and the brake pad interface variable is considered, the wear calculation model is established based on the friction and wear mechanism, and the wear depth and volume of the brake pad can be calculated by equations. A finite element model of the brake disc and the brake pad is established by DEFORM software which can analyze wear of the brake pad directly. The variation trend of wear during braking is studied, and influences of braking load and initial braking speed on the wear are analyzed. The results show that the amount of the wear increases rapidly in the early wear stage of braking, and it becomes slow in the later stage; the wear of the brake pad is serious at the friction inlet and outlet, and the middle area of the brake pad is lightly worn; heavy braking load and high initial braking speed can exacerbate the wear of the brake pad.
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Petre, Ivona, Aurora Anca Poinescu, Adrian Catangiu, and Simona Mihai. "Studies Regarding the Reaction Method to Wear Braking Mechanism." Scientific Bulletin of Valahia University - Materials and Mechanics 15, no. 12 (April 25, 2017): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsmm-2017-0007.
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Abstract With the development of industry have made efforts to improve the performance of braking systems of motor vehicles on public roads. The choice of materials used for coupling brake system involved the development of new materials that meet safety requirements in circulation. During braking of any vehicle, due to the friction created between the disk and pad, temperature rise occurs with negative effects on the process of slowing down the vehicle. Mechanical and thermal stress being put on the brakes is very high. Due to overheating, brake discs and pads may warp or crack, and the material they are made may their change its structure. These defects give rise to vibrations and noise during braking, to reduce the coefficient of friction, reduce the effectiveness of the braking mechanism. This paper proposes a study regarding the thermal stresses effects of brake mechanism on the disc material of a car Dacia Logan. It proposes a theoretical model to calculate the temperature that occurred during the operation of the braking system and experimental analysis on the influence of temperature on the brake disc material.
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Ravlyuk, Vasyl, İsrail Elyazov, Ihor Afanasenko, and Mykola Ravliuk. "Determination of parameters of abnormal wear of brake pads of freight cars." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016607003.
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The complex of operational studies and theoretical research was performed on the occurrence of harmful wear that changes geometrical parameters of the useful contact area of the brake pads of freight cars at various established standard clearance between the pad and the wheel, which significantly impairs the braking efficiency of trains. The inspections of the mechanical part of the brakes attracted attention to the abnormal wear of the brake pads of the freight cars, which occurs because the common centre of gravity of the pad and the brake shoe, which are on the pendular suspension, do not coincide with the centre of the hole in the brake strut for any pad. The results of calculations using the coordinate method performed in the Mathcad software environment and the graphical one performed in AutoCAD to determine the geometrical parameters of the formation of the upper harmful wear of the pad depending on the standard clearance between the wheel and the brake pad were compared to proved theoretically that the error between them does not exceed 5-7%.
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Mathissen, Marcel, Theodoros Grigoratos, Tero Lahde, and Rainer Vogt. "Brake Wear Particle Emissions of a Passenger Car Measured on a Chassis Dynamometer." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090556.
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Brake wear emissions with a special focus on particle number (PN) concentrations were investigated during a chassis dynamometer measurement campaign. A recently developed, well-characterized, measurement approach was applied to measure brake particles in a semi-closed vehicle setup. Implementation of multiple particle measurement devices allowed for simultaneous measurement of volatile and solid particles. Estimated PN emission factors for volatile and solid particles differed by up to three orders of magnitude with an estimated average solid particle emission factor of 3∙109 # km−1 brake−1 over a representative on-road brake cycle. Unrealistic high brake temperatures may occur and need to be ruled out by comparison with on-road temperature measurements. PN emissions are strongly temperature dependent and this may lead to its overestimation. A high variability for PN emissions was found when volatile particles were not removed. Volatiles were observed under high temperature conditions only which are not representative of normal driving conditions. The coefficient of variation for PN emissions was 1.3 without catalytic stripper and 0.11 with catalytic stripper. Investigation of non-braking sections confirmed that particles may be generated at the brake even if no brakes are applied. These “off-brake-event” emissions contribute up to about 30% to the total brake PM10 emission.
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Xie, M. S., G. R. Zhang, J. H. Li, and R. Fritsch. "Brake pad taper wear on brake moan noise." International Journal of Automotive Technology 15, no. 4 (May 28, 2014): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-014-0059-x.
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MUZDYBAEV, M. S., A. S. MUZDYBAEVA, V. V. ROGOVSKIJ, D. M. MYRZABEKOVA, A. B. ELEMES, Wojciech WIELEBA, and Tadeusz LEŚNIEWSKI. "PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BUS BRAKES FRICTION LININGS." Tribologia 268, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6992.
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Experience gained from the use of buses in urban conditions showed that the working conditions of friction elements of the braking system, ensuring traffic safety, are associated with high loads. This leads to the intensive wear and premature replacement of the worn friction components, which reduces the overall reliability of the brake system and road safety. On the other hand, the friction linings of brake mechanisms may act as abrasives that cause the wear of brake discs or drums. Their replacement during operation is associated with a significant increase in the cost of spare parts. Therefore, it is assumed that the determination of the tribological properties of the brake linings in the brake mechanisms, before their exploitation, will increase the efficiency and safety of the vehicles’ operation, which justifies the choice of the research subject matter for its real and practical significance. The paper presents the preliminary results of the research into the main elements of the brakes in a city bus on a test stand mapping the real working conditions. For the testing, brake shoes of different manufacturers were used. Their tribological characteristics, reasons for their wear, and operational recommendations were determined.
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Ramachandran, G., K. Kathiresan, and M. Venkatesan. "Brake Characteristics and Cooling Methods – A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.949.
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Braking system is important in any automobile. It is essential to decelerate the vehicle and stop it. Friction braking system is widely used system of braking. It makes use of frictional force to safely retard the vehicle. The temperature of the brake pad (stator) and disc (rotor) increases because of frictional force between them. Higher temperatures may lead to fading of brakes resulting in its failure. This paper briefly reviews published works on studying the wear and thermal characteristics of brake pads and on various available brake cooling methods. The microstructural changes in the brake pads are analyzed and reason for enhanced wear at higher temperatures is traced out. The various test results obtained using microscope (SEM), Friction assessment screening tests (FAST), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) are described in brief. A description of the available methods of enhancing the brake cooling and decreasing the wear rate is discussed. This work will be useful in planning further research in this important area of automotive field.
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Ren, Facai. "Wear analysis of elevator brake shoe." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2403, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2403/1/012023.
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Abstract The brake is the key equipment to ensure the safe operation of the elevator. Failure of the elevator brake will lead to a slide accident. This paper takes the elevator brake shoe, which has been used for more than 15 years, as the research object, and systematically analyzes its wear characteristics. The research results show that most of the brake shoes have obvious scratches, and some of them even have cracks. Therefore, in the daily maintenance of the elevator, pay special attention to the wear state of the brake shoe to ensure the safe operation of the elevator brake.
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Hulskotte, J. H. J., H. A. C. Denier van der Gon, A. J. H. Visschedijk, and M. Schaap. "Brake wear from vehicles as an important source of diffuse copper pollution." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 1 (July 1, 2007): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.456.
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In this article we show that brake wear from road traffic vehicles is an important source of atmospheric (particulate) copper concentrations in Europe. Consequently, brake wear also contributes significantly to deposition fluxes of copper to surface waters. We estimated the copper emission due to brake wear to be 2.4 kiloton per year. For comparison, the official database for Europe (without brake wear) totals 2.6 kiloton per year. In Western Europe the brake wear emissions dominate the total emission of copper. Using the spatially resolved emission data, copper distributions over Europe were calculated with the LOTOS-EUROS model. Without brake wear the model underestimates observed copper concentrations by a factor of 3, which is in accordance with other studies. Including the brake wear emissions largely removes the bias. We find that 75% of the atmospheric copper input in the North Sea may be due to brake wear. We estimate that about 25% of the total copper input in the Dutch part of the North Sea stems from brake wear. Although the estimated brake wear copper emission is associated with a large uncertainty, it significantly improves our understanding of the copper cycle in the environment.
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Wang, Xin Hua, Si Wei Zhang, and De Guo Wang. "Research on Friction and Wear Performance of Brake Disc Pair Materials for New Type of Drilling Rig." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.438.
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Tribological performance of new brake pair is studied at different temperatures, load and speed by variable temperature friction and wear test. The research indicates that brake pair has better frictional characteristics at variable temperature as well as heat-fade resistance performance at high temperatures. Wear rate of brake block and brake disc increases with friction temperature rising, however wear-resisting performance of brake disc is comparatively stable. Load has less influence on frictional coefficient of brake pair. Wear rate of brake disc and brake block increases with load increasing, but brake block has comparatively stable wear-resisting performance. Frictional coefficient of brake pair increases and tends to stabilize gradually along with sliding speed increasing, and speed has less influence on wear rate of brake block and brake disc. Initial heat-fading occurs in brake block material along with frictional temperature rising, secondary solidification may happen when frictional temperature reaches a certain value. When temperature rises much higher, brake block begins to soften and plastic flow intensifies, in addition thermal decomposition occurs in organic substance and wear-resisting performance becomes poorer. Build-up welding material has strong age-hardening effect and stable thermal structure, which leaves surface hardness and structure performance of brake disc unchanged at high temperatures.
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Sha, Zhi Hua, Qiang Hao, Jian Yin, Yu Liu, Sheng Fang Zhang, and Yan An Wang. "Material Wear Calculation of Braking Surface under High-Power Braking Conditions." Materials Science Forum 1078 (December 22, 2022): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3h617i.
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The wear phenomenon of the braking surface of a high-power disc brake under emergency braking conditions is analyzed in this paper. Considering the classical Archard wear model, including the influence of the braking load, speed, and friction coefficient on the braking surface, the wear model of the brake disc surface is established to obtain the wear depth and distribution. It is essential to investigate the wear mechanism of the brake disc surface, and the evolution of wear laws is revealed under different braking parameters. The results have shown that the brake disc surface wear is constantly accumulating. The large load, the high speed, and the large friction coefficient would aggravate the surface wear area. It is expected that the wear study of the brake disc surface can guide the design of the disc brake.
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Huang, Shan, Jiusheng Bao, Shirong Ge, Yan Yin, and Tonggang Liu. "Design of a frictional–electromagnetic compound disk brake for automotives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 4 (July 15, 2019): 1113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019864210.
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According to the disadvantages of serious wear and heat fade of friction pad in frequent and high speed braking of friction brakes, and the insufficient power of electromagnetic brakes in low speed braking, a novel frictional-electromagnetic compound disk brake which combines both of these two brake principles is proposed for automotives in this paper. The excitation coils are designed based on the Zhang Yicheng theory model, and the compound brake prototype is manufactured based on the self-made magnetic brake pads and existing automotive brakes. The magnetic field and dynamic of the brake are simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The frictional–electromagnetic compound brake tests are implemented on the reconstructive disk brake simulation test bench. The experimental results show that the friction braking torque accounts for more than 90% of the compound braking torque in the process of compound braking, and the trend of the change is the same as that of the compound braking torque. When the initial braking speed exceeds 75 km/h, the electromagnetic braking torque does not increase with the increase in speed, instead, it decreases slightly because of demagnetization. The designed frictional–electromagnetic compound disk brake has good braking performance.
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Wang, Xin Hua, Si Wei Zhang, and De Guo Wang. "Research on Wear Mechanism of Surface Build-Up Welding Material of Brake Disc for Drilling Rig." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.535.
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In order to improve resisting performance of heat, wear and erosion as well as anti-thermal fatigue, surface build-up welding material of brake-disc for drilling rig with better performance is developed, and its wear mechanism is investigated based on friction and wear experiment at variable temperature. Morphology, constituents and phase structure of wear surface of brake disc are analyzed by employing SEM, EDAX and XRD when thermal equilibrium temperature is at 150°C and 300°C, and its tribological behaviour and wear mechanism of surface build-up welding materials are revealed. In initial stage of wear, friction temperature is lower and hard particles like AL2O3, SiO2, SiC, TiO in brake block plough the surface of brake-disc, oxide layer forms on friction surface with rise of friction temperature and its cracking and regenerating become a major way of wear, meanwhile hard grains in brake block slough off due to frequent ploughing and three-body abrasive wear occurs, and spalling of surface film is mainly caused by fatigue. In stage of high temperature wear, oxidization wear and plastic deformation of brake-disc increase greatly, brake-block starts to soften, severe adhesive wear occurs and spalling of surface film is mainly caused by adhesive tearing. Wear mechanism of brake-disc is comprehensive effects of abrasive, oxidizing and adhesive wear.
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Martin, Andrea De, Giovanni Jacazio, Vincenzo Parisi, and Massimo Sorli. "Prognosis of Wear Progression in Electrical Brakes for Aeronautical Applications." PHM Society European Conference 7, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/phme.2022.v7i1.3353.
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The evolution towards “more electric” aircrafts has seen a decisive push in the last decade, due to the growing environmental concerns and the development of new market segments (flying taxis). Such push interested both the propulsion components and the aircraft systems, with the latter seeing a progressive trend in replacing the traditional solutions based on hydraulic power with electrical or electromechanical devices. Although more attention is usually devised towards the flight control actuation, an interesting and fast-developing application field for electro-mechanical systems is that of the aeronautical brakes. Electro-mechanical brakes, or E-Brakes hereby onwards, would present several advantages over their hydraulic counterparts, mainly related to the avoidance of leakage issues and the simplification of the system architecture. The more difficult heat dissipation, associated with the thermal issues that usually constitute one of the most significant sizing constraints for electromechanical actuators, limits so far, their application (or proposal of application) to light-weight vehicles. Within this context, the development of PHM solutions would align with the need for an on-line monitoring of a relatively unproven component. This paper deals with the preliminary stages of the development of such PHM system for an E-Brake to be employed on a future executive class aircraft, where the brake is actuated through four electro-mechanical actuators. Since literature on fault diagnosis and prognosis for electrical motors is fairly extensive, we focused this preliminary analysis on the development of PHM techniques suitable to monitor and prognose the evolution of the brake pads wear instead. The paper opens detailing the system architecture and continues presenting the high-fidelity dynamic model used to build synthetic data-sets representative of the possible operating conditions faced by the E-Brake within realistic operative scenarios. Such data are then used to foster a preliminary feature selection process, where physics-based indexes are compared and evaluated. Simulated degradation histories are then used to test the application of data-driven fault detection algorithm and the possible application of particle-filtering routines for prognosis.
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Ungureanu, Miorita, Nicolae Medan, Nicolae Stelian Ungureanu, Nicolae Pop, and Krzysztof Nadolny. "Tribological Aspects Concerning the Study of Overhead Crane Brakes." Materials 15, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 6549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196549.
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The aim of the study is the tribological analysis of the crane drum brakes. A theoretical analysis of the wear processes for brake lining was performed and the coefficient of friction under tribological conditions was determined experimentally simulating the operating conditions for three types of brakes. The theoretical study of the wear was oriented towards of determining the lifetime of the brake lining. In the experimental determination of the coefficient of friction, the following parameters were taken into account: the contact pressure between the shoe and the drum; the initial speed of the brake drum; the humidity of the working environment; and the temperature of the drum-brake lining friction surfaces. After performing the experiments, a statistical analysis was conducted, that shows the amount the coefficient of friction is influenced by the previously mentioned parameters: the highest weight was humidity with a value of 35.58%, followed by temperature with a percentage of 23.95%, velocity with 4.54%, and lastly pressure with 4.19%. Furthermore, the equation that expresses the dependence between the coefficient of friction and the parameters is determined. We consider that the results obtained are important for brake manufacturers in order to improve braking efficiency and the safety of overhead cranes.
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Švábenská, Eva, and Pavla Roupcová. "Hidden Hazard of Wear Particles." Chemické listy 116, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20220228.
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Intensifying the mobility and the increase of the number of vehicles give rise to a larger amount of particles released by the brake abrasion. The particles, containing various elements and substances hazardous for some organisms, get subsequently into the air and the environment along busy roads. The aim of this review article is to provide information on both the composition of friction composites and transport-related emissions. The article is focused mainly on the wear particles released from brakes, but also on methods used to identify the source of the polluting particles are discussed.
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Garg, Bhagwan D., Steven H. Cadle, Patricia A. Mulawa, Peter J. Groblicki, Chris Laroo, and Graham A. Parr. "Brake Wear Particulate Matter Emissions." Environmental Science & Technology 34, no. 21 (November 2000): 4463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es001108h.
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Wahid, Syed M. S. "Automotive brake wear: a review." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 1 (November 6, 2017): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0463-7.
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Bayram, Emre, and Ahmet Topuz. "Friction and wear properties of heavy load truck composite brake linings." Materials Testing 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0011.
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Abstract Materials for friction used in brakes should fulfill many requirements, such as stable friction performance in all conditions, lower change in the friction coefficient, high wear resistance and low wear rate. In this study, three different compositions were produced to investigate the effects of each composition and its manufacturing parameters. Three different compositions, which are called standard, fly ash and sisal fiber mixture, were produced to be compared with existing commercial heavy-duty truck brake lining. These compositions were homogeneously mixed and hot molded at different pressures and temperatures. The post-curing effect was also investigated in some of the samples. The wear and friction tests were performed using a friction tester. The density and hardness of the samples were also analyzed in relation to compositions and manufacturing parameters. The coefficient of friction and wear behavior was compared with a commercial heavy-duty truck brake lining. The results suggest that there is a high potential in the samples investigated for commercial trucks applications of brake lining products that are highly suitable from the environmental and cost reduction view.
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Petry, Matthias, Abdelkrim Lamjahdy, Ali Jawad, Bernd Markert, and Hubertus Murrenhoff. "Validation of a thermo- and a hydromechanical model of a brake system for high-speed rail applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 8 (March 26, 2018): 2149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718765348.
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This research deals with a numerical and experimental investigation of the vibratory frequency and the thermal response of a railway brake disc and pad under varying conditions. Railway brake systems play a vital role in passenger safety and comfort. The performance of disc brakes with regard to the dynamic effects like brake torque oscillations and brake judder depends on the contact properties and wear surfaces. Brake fading occurs due to accumulated frictional heat thereby reducing the stopping power. For an improved understanding of the complex processes of a brake system during long-term braking, a comprehensive numerical investigation is performed initially using the finite element software Abaqus for a thermomechanical and modal analysis. While the thermomechanical analysis based on the calculations of frictional heat is used to investigate the increase of temperature during braking, the contact pressure is a crucial parameter that influences the distribution of temperature both on the brake disc and on the pads. The modal analysis is used to investigate the frequency behaviour of the vibrations. Then, a simulation model of a self-energised electrohydraulic brake provides the results of brake force oscillations with regard to the observed topologies of the brake disc’s wear surface, which is measured at a full-scale test rig by an enlarged experimental set-up. In addition to the dynamic brake force, the set-up contains the online measurement of the side face run-out and the temperature of one side of a ventilated brake disc. By comparing the results of our experimental and numerical investigations, the simulation models are validated. Future research should focus on a thermomechanical analysis that considers heating, cooling, and the wear effects. A detailed implementation of the contact pressure distribution between the brake pads and disc can lead to a more precise prediction of brake torque oscillations. The achieved results can be used to improve riding comfort and resolve safety critical problems in high-speed trains.
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Zhang, Hai Tao, Ying Jun Dai, Yu Jing Jia, and Guang Zhen Cheng. "The Design of Disc Brake for Mine Hoist in Civil Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 568 (September 2012): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.568.212.
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This article will describe the research status and the features of control system of the disc brakes of mine hoist. The disc brakes consist of body, outer cylinder, cylinder, piston, ring, disc springs, plunger, gate disk and other components. The disc brakes use the pre-load of disc springs to force the piston to move towards the brake disc, push the brake pads out, then the brake pads and drum brake disc contact and resulting in positive pressure, then the formation of friction produce a braking torque. When the brake system loose pads, the cylinder is filled with the pressure oil, which make the piston compresses the disc springs, and promote the brake pads to move back and then left brake disc, remove the braking force. The hydraulic circuit of the braking system chooses two-way parallel oil and four oil cylinder brake. A slip road set up a one-way throttle, making the slip road brake slightly delayed, which will achieve two stage braking and make work more stable. This disc brake is normally closed, which means when the hoist does not work, the brake is in the state of braking to prevent the occurrence of accidents. This brake is safe, reliable and sensitive in action. The materials of brake pads is rigid asbestos plastic, which have stable friction coefficient, good wear resistance, is not sensitive to the aqueous medium and salt spray,it has flexible installation location, and it is easy to use, adjust and maintain.
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Madnasri1974, Sutikno, Muhammad Zakaria, Sukiswo Supeni Edi, and Putut Marwoto. "The Carbon of Swietenia Machrophylla Fruit Peel and Coal Fly Ash as Bio-Composite Brake Ingredients." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 11, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35527.
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The eco-friendly brake composite has been still an interesting issue in the development of brake friction materials. Wastes of S. Macrophylla (mahogany) fruit skin and coal fly ash are available as organic ingredients of bio-composite brakes. In this research, we investigated the effects of both ingredients on the brake composite properties which were fabricated using hot isostatic pressing at temperature 200 °C and pressure 5 kN for 3 h. The specimens were prepared in some volume fractions of carbon (2 vol% - 12 vol%). As a result, several tested specimens containing mahogany fruit skin carbon revealed maximum Rockwell hardness 69 HRB, wear 2.49x10-4mm2/kg, and water absorption 2.72 %, while specimens containing coal fly ash showed 78 HRB, 1.1x10-3mm2/kg, and 3.5 %, respectively. The brake composites containing coal fly ash performed better than ones containing mahogany fruit skin carbon. The hardness and wear of these two types of brake composite friction materials meet the minimum criteria required by SAE, JA661, and are close to the quality of the brake pads of two commercial brake composite materials. Water absorption in the brake lining specimens with mahogany leather carbon showed that the addition of the volume fraction caused an increase in water absorption, while the specimen containing coal fly ash showed that the increase in the carbon volume fraction caused a decrease in water absorption.
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Yin, Yan, Jiusheng Bao, and Lei Yang. "Wear performance and its online monitoring of the semimetal brake lining for automobiles." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 66, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2011-0057.
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Purpose – In order to improving the braking reliability and assuring the driving safety of automobiles, this paper aims at the wear performance and its online monitoring of its brake lining. Design/methodology/approach – The wear performance of the semimetal brake lining for automobiles was investigated on a self-made braking tester for disc brakes. Based on the experimental data, an intelligent forecasting model for the wear rate was established by the artificial neural network (ANN) technology. And by taking it as a core, an online braking wear monitoring system for automobiles was designed. Findings – It is shown that the wear rate rises obviously with the increasing of both initial braking velocity and braking pressure. By the contrast, the initial braking velocity affects the wear rate more seriously. The ANN model trained by the experimental data shows favorable capability for predicting of the wear rate. The big forecasting errors at high velocity and heavy load should be attributed to the jumping of the wear rate at this period. Based on the existed sensors and electronic control unit system of automobiles, the online braking wear monitoring system can be established easily by the ANN technology. Originality/value – A self-made braking tester for disc brakes was used to test the wear performance, which can simulate better the actual disc braking conditions than the standard pin-on-disc friction tester. An online braking wear monitoring system was designed to help improving the braking reliability and safety of automobiles.
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Lyu, Yezhe, Mara Leonardi, Alessandro Mancini, Jens Wahlström, and Ulf Olofsson. "Tribology and Airborne Particle Emission of Laser-Cladded Fe-Based Coatings versus Non-Asbestos Organic and Low-Metallic Brake Materials." Metals 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111703.
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Laser cladding is a promising surface treatment for refurbishing worn-out cast-iron brake rotors. Previous studies on laser-cladded brake rotors have demonstrated their extensively higher wear and greater airborne particle emissions, compared with traditional cast iron rotors. In order to overcome this, a commercial non-asbestos organic (NAO) brake material is tested against Fe-based laser-cladded and traditional cast-iron brake rotors. Two low-metallic brake pad materials are also tested as references. The materials’ coefficients of friction, specific wear rates and particle number concentrations are evaluated. The results indicate that the NAO brake material showed lower wear and had fewer particle emissions than the low-metallic brake materials when deployed against both cast iron and laser-cladded brake rotors. The NAO/laser-cladding friction pairing showed wear, particle concentration and fraction of fine particles (sub 1 μm) equivalent to those of the low-metallic/cast-iron friction pairing, creating significant potential for application in refurbishing worn-out cast-iron brake rotors.
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Yang, Haiyang, Qingnian Wang, Ti Zhou, and Hong Zhou. "The Relationship between the Model of the Laser Biomimetic Strengthening of Gray Cast Iron and Matching between Different Brake Pads." Metals 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2020): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020184.
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When the surface of gray cast iron is subjected to laser irradiation and melted and then re-solidified, a material can be obtained that has a superior structure and properties to the base metal. On the surface of gray iron brake drums, the surface of the raw material can be processed into a bionic coupling surface with different shapes, structures, and soft and hard tissues similar to the surface of an organism. The wear resistance and fatigue resistance of brake drum surfaces can be greatly improved. However, the relative wear characteristics of the friction pairs in brake systems show that performance improvements in brake systems are the result of appropriately matching the brake drum and brake pad. This paper studies the wear relationship between three kinds of commonly-used brake pads (semi-metallic, organic asbestos-free, and ceramic) and different biomimetic models of brake drum samples. The interaction mechanism and failure mode between three kinds of brake pads and bionic samples were determined. According to the wear test results, the matching relationship between the brake pads and the brake drum was analyzed and determined, which provides a basis for the application of bionic brake drums.
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Olshevskiy, Alexander, Alexey Olshevskiy, Oleg Berdnikov, and Chang-Wan Kim. "Finite element analysis of railway disc brake considering structural, thermal, and wear phenomena." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 7 (November 15, 2011): 1845–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211428705.
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The purpose of this research is to identify the thermomechanical factors to be considered in simulation of the braking process, calculation of the distribution of the contact pressure, and temperature and obtain wear patterns for the disc brake system in operation. The factors affecting the temperature distribution and stress–strain state of disc brakes in railway vehicles are analyzed. The mutual influence of the thermal problem and contact problem was considered. The results of the numerical simulations for the finite element models can be used in optimizing the disc brake design in order to reduce wear and provide higher reliability of the braking system.
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BĄKOWSKI, Henryk, Zbigniew STANIK, and Andrzej KUBIK. "TESTING BRAKE FLUID WEAR PROCESSES IN COMPLEX CONSTRAINED CONDITIONS." Tribologia 273, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6115.
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The study determined the effect of increased water content in a brake fluid by measuring its hydration and boiling temperature and examining the impact of brake fluid wear on the safety and reliability of a braking system. Within the scope of work, the temperature of the brake discs was determined according to the braking distance. An experimental bench was set up to determine the boiling point of the hydrated brake fluid. The position is designed to reflect the operating conditions of intense braking and lead to the boiling of the brake fluid. A summary of all laboratory and operating tests of the brake fluid tested allowed the minimum braking distance to be determined after which the brake fluid of varying degrees of hydration (over various operating periods) could boil beyond the permitted boiling point.
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Wang, Wen Yan, Gao Lu, Jing Pei Xie, and Jia Xi Wang. "Research of Friction and Wear Performance of Large Truck’s Brake Drum." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.601.
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In this research, different frictions were settled to study the wear resistance of HT250, RuT15, RuT75 and QT500 according to the wear failure situation in automobile brake drum. And the relationship between wear mechanism, microstructure and mechanical properties were discussed. It can be seen from the friction and wear experiment that, under different friction and wear conditions, both of RuT35 and QT500 have the best wear resistance property while HT250 has the worst wear resistance property. With the increase of lord, the brake torque and friction coefficient of RuT35 stays unchangeable, showing well brake ability. With the increase of lord, the brake ability of HT250 was getting better, while QT500 showing the opposite. SEM was used to analyze the wear morphology, the results show that: the abrasive wear and adhesion wear are presented mainly. HT250 has a bad surface quality while QT500 and RuT15 have a bad surface quality. Generally speaking, RuT15 is the best material to made brake drum, in the consideration of were resistance and braking stability.
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ZHANG, Guangrong. "Vehicle Brake Moan Noise Induced by Brake Pad Taper Wear." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 49, no. 09 (2013): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2013.09.081.
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Dante, Roberto C., and Carlo Navire. "Cold wear of brake disc related to brake induced vibrations." International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration 1, no. 3/4 (2005): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvnv.2005.007528.
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Hesse, David, Christopher Hamatschek, Klaus Augsburg, Thomas Weigelt, Alexander Prahst, and Sebastian Gramstat. "Testing of Alternative Disc Brakes and Friction Materials Regarding Brake Wear Particle Emissions and Temperature Behavior." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040436.
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In this study, different disc brakes and friction materials are evaluated with respect to particle emission output and characteristic features are derived. The measurements take place on an inertia dynamometer using a constant volume sampling system. Brake wear particle emission factors of different disc concepts in different sizes are determined and compared, using a grey cast iron disc, a tungsten carbide-coated disc and a carbon ceramic disc. The brakes were tested over a section (trip #10) novel test cycle developed from the database of the worldwide harmonized Light-Duty vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP). First, brake emission factors were determined along the bedding process using a series of trip-10 tests. The tests were performed starting from unconditioned pads, to characterize the evolution of emissions until their stabilization. In addition to number- and mass-related emission factors (PM2.5–PM10), the particle size distribution was determined. Another focus was the evaluation of temperature ranges and the associated challenges in the use of temperature readings in a potential regulation of brake wear particle emissions. The results illustrate the challenges associated with establishing a universal bedding procedure and using disc temperature measurements for the control of a representative braking procedure. Using tungsten carbide coated discs and carbon ceramic discs, emission reduction potentials of up to 70% (PM10) could be demonstrated along the WLTP brake cycle. The reduction potential is primarily the result of the high wear resistance of the disc, but is additionally influenced by the pad composition and the temperature in the friction contact area.
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Grigoratos, Theodoros, Athanasios Mamakos, Michael Arndt, Dmytro Lugovyy, Robert Anderson, Christian Hafenmayer, Mikko Moisio, et al. "Characterization of Particle Number Setups for Measuring Brake Particle Emissions and Comparison with Exhaust Setups." Atmosphere 14, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010103.
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The stringency of vehicle exhaust emissions regulations resulted in a significant decrease in exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions over the years. Non-exhaust particles (i.e., from brakes and tyres) account for almost half or more of road transport-induced ambient PM. Even with the internal combustion engine ban in 2035, electrified vehicles will still emit PM from brake and tyre wear. Consequently, non-exhaust PM emissions cannot decrease significantly without any regulatory measures. Because independent research carried out under different methods is not readily comparable, a Global Technical Regulation (GTR), which sets the procedures and boundaries of testing brake wear particle emissions, is currently under development. This overview describes the particle number (PN) measurement setup based on the well-known exhaust emissions PN methodology. We provide the technical requirements and the expected maximum losses. In addition, we estimate the effect of particle losses on the differences between different setups for typical size distributions observed during brake testing. Finally, we compare brake testing PN specifications to those of exhaust PN.
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Ostermeyer, Georg Peter. "A Dynamic Friction Law Describing Heat and Wear in Contact Zones." Applied Mechanics and Materials 9 (October 2007): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.9.105.
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The analysis of friction in brake systems shows a complex dynamic dependence of friction and wear. Friction produces wear but wear affects the surface topography and by that the friction power itself. The wear in technical brake systems causes a dynamic equilibrium of growth and destruction of surface structures on the brake pad, carrying the friction power. This interaction between friction and wear generates a new dynamic friction law, which describes the effects on friction, wear and temperature on different time scales. For very slow processes the friction law reduces to the classical form, describing only the velocity and heat dependence of friction. For unsteady processes the dynamic friction law is able to describe and explain even complex measured friction events in brake systems.
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Durak, Ertugrul, and Hakan Ali Yurtseven. "Experimental study of the tribological properties of an elevator’s brake linings." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 6 (September 12, 2016): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2015-0186.
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Purpose This paper aims to design and manufacture a wear-test rig performing reciprocating movement that is more relevant to the elevator brake system. Also, a sample test result that was conducted in this experimental set-up is presented to evaluate the tribological properties of the brake linings of the elevator system that are activated in emergencies. Design/methodology/approach The brake linings are some of the most important security elements in elevators. The friction and wear properties of these brake linings have great importance for both safety and comfort. Elevator brake linings are often used in conjunction with guided rails under dry and boundary lubrication conditions. Therefore, friction coefficient and wear types occurring in the brake linings may be different. The tribological properties of the brake lining material in the literature are generally identified using a pin-on-disc wear-tester. The pin is contacted by rotating a disc in this wear-test rig. However, as the brake linings and guide rails do not have a reciprocating movement (linear translational motion) on each other, this wear-test rig is not suitable for brake linings and guide rails in the elevator system. Findings A sample test result that was conducted in this experimental set-up is presented to evaluate the tribological properties of the brake linings of the elevator system that are activated in emergencies. In these experiments, three different brake lining materials that are widely used in the elevator car guide rails in Turkey were tested under different speeds and loads. Originality/value The paper provides information about how to evaluate the tribological properties of the brake linings of the elevator system that are activated in emergencies. Also, it offers practical help for the manufacturer and researcher in the elevator sector.
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Hu, Haiyan, Haiyang Yang, Jiandong Yang, Qingnian Wang, and Ti Zhou. "The Friction and Wear Influence of Laser Processing Bionic Brake Drum Unit on the Brake Pad." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123304006.
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This article starts with the analysis of the contact between the laser processing bionic brake drum unit body and the brake pad and performs the analysis of the force between the unit body and the brake pad based on elastic mechanics and contact mechanics. By using the Preston equation, the wear of the brake pad caused by the unit body is obtained, as well as the relevant factors and influence rule which affects the wear of the brake pad are found. During laser processing on the bionic brake drum unit body, in order to reduce wear of brake pad, the height of the unit body should be minimized. Besides, the light intensity at the centre of the laser spot should be reduced, and the laser intensity distribution should be more uniform, which can effectively improve the environmental friendliness of the brake drum.
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Sha, Zhihua, Qiang Hao, Jian Yin, Fujian Ma, Yu Liu, and Shengfang Zhang. "Wear calculation and life prediction model of disc brake based on elastoplastic contact mechanics." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 4 (April 2022): 168781322210931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221093136.
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For the friction and wear of the braking surface of the disc brake, the mechanism of friction contact deformation of rough surface is analyzed. Considering elastoplastic contact mechanics of the friction surfaces, combined with Archard wear calculation theory, a wear calculation model of fractal rough surface is established, and a wear life prediction of the brake disc is proposed. Based on high-speed and heavy-load braking conditions, the influence of different braking parameters on the surface wear of brake disc is studied. Moreover, a pin-on-disc wear test is used to verify the validity of the wear calculation model, and the average relative error of test and simulation is 4.97%. The research results show that the fractal parameters affect the complexity of the rough surface, and surface wear is mainly caused by interface plastic contact. The friction coefficient is large, which can strengthen the surface shear effect. Large load and high speed would increase the real contact area of the surface and increase the wear volume per unit time. Furthermore, the wear life of the brake disc could be estimated, which is of great significance for raising the wear life of the brake disc, improving braking life and braking efficiency.
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Kus, Hüsamettin, and Duran Altiparmak. "Effects of fly ash content on the friction-wear performance of bronze-based brake lining materials produced by the hot-pressing method." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 67, no. 6 (September 14, 2015): 612–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-04-2015-0045.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of fly ash content on the friction–wear performance of bronze-based brake lining material. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, bronze-based brake linings containing 0-12 weight per cent fly ash were produced by the hot-pressing process. The friction-wear properties of the unreinforced bronze matrix brake lining material and fly ash reinforced samples were investigated using a Chase-type friction tester. The hardness and density of the samples were also determined. The microstructures and friction surfaces of the samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Findings – The experimental results showed that the fly ash content significantly affects the friction-wear properties of the brake lining material. It was found that the friction coefficient increases with the increase in the fly ash content for the brake lining materials studied. Moreover, the mass losses in the wear test were lower for the brake linings containing over 4 weight per cent fly ash than unreinforced bronze-based lining material. Originality/value – This study has proven to be useful in exploring fly ash particles as low cost reinforcing materials in improving the friction–wear performance of bronze-based brake lining material. In addition, the use of fly ash particles in the manufacture of brake lining materials contributes to reducing the production cost of brake linings and to a sustainable environment.
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Lu, Bi Hong, Xiao Yuan Chen, Bao Zhang Qu, and Hong Bo Zhang. "Research on Wheel-Shoe Wear for High Friction Composite Brake Shoes Based Foundation Brake Rigging in Railway Wagon." Key Engineering Materials 667 (October 2015): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.667.530.
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For improving braking efficiency, the high friction composite brake shoe, instead of cast-iron shoe, is widely used in railway wagon. However, some flange and tread of the foundation brake rigging wear frequently in operation, leading to the over standard of wheel diameter difference, which affects the safety performance and the running efficiency of railway transport. This paper uses the normal pressure between wheels and shoes as the evaluation index of tread wear and the lateral shift of brake beam as the evaluation index of flange wear. With the multi-body dynamics simulation method, take a research on the influence of curve braking for flange and tread wear. Firstly, establish a multi-rigid body dynamics model of the foundation brake rigging in RecurDyn software. And then, take a research on the lateral shift of brake beam and the pressure distribution of shoes for empty and loaded wagon on four kinds of curves braking respectively. At last, to testify the simulation results theoretically, analytical method is used to derive lateral force of the brake beam. The results indicate that the lateral shift of rear brake beam which lead the shoe moving close to the flange is the cause of flange wear, and the positive pressure between wheel and shoe of one wheel-order bigger than others is the cause of tread wear. The research accomplishments above provide technical support for further improvement of the foundation brake rigging in railway wagons.
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Alves, Célia, Margarita Evtyugina, Ana Vicente, Eleonora Conca, and Fúlvio Amato. "Organic profiles of brake wear particles." Atmospheric Research 255 (June 2021): 105557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105557.
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