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Journal articles on the topic 'Brake system'
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1
Solovykh, Yevhen, Viktor Dubovyk, Andrii Solovykh, Stanislav Katerynych, and Maksym Ishov. "Investigation of the Braking Process of Suspended Wheels of a Car With a Hydraulic Brake Drive." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences, no. 3(34) (October 2020): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2020.3(34).282-289.
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For diagnosing car braking systems, bench methods have become the most widespread, and on power stands with running drums. The main disadvantage of these methods is the high cost of brake stands with low quality diagnostic information. At the same time the method of diagnosing brake systems on change of angular speed of the hung up wheels is perspective. But the considered method does not have a sufficiently complete theoretical justification, especially for cars with hydraulic brakes and therefore requires research. Therefore, the work substantiates the diagnostic modes and diagnostic parameters, obtained analytical dependences of the process of braking car wheels with hydraulic brakes, which describe the change in the angular deceleration of the suspended wheels over time in different parts of the brake diagram and the delay time of the brake system. The mathematical model is based on the differential equation of motion of the braked wheel when braking a car with a connected transmission (with clutch engaged) on a straight horizontal section of road. The change in braking torque during braking is determined by the nature of the pressure change in the drive. When braking the wheel, the braking force acts on the radius of the brake drum. The obtained analytical dependences make it possible to study the influence of various factors of the technical condition of brake systems on the performance of the braking process. In order to substantiate the diagnostic modes and diagnostic parameters, analytical dependences of the process of braking car wheels with hydraulic brakes have been developed, describing the change of angular deceleration of suspended wheels in time at different parts of the brake diagram and time delay of the brake system. The obtained analytical dependences make it possible to study the influence of various factors of the technical condition of brake systems on the performance of the braking process.
2
Liu, Xu Hui, Liang Yao Yu, and Liang Xu Ma. "MR Based Brake-by-Wire System with Self-Energizing Capability." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 2087–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.2087.
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Brake-by-wire system is a new concept of brake system using electromechanical actuators instead of conventional hydraulic actuators. It is more compact, more efficient and responses faster than traditional brake systems. Magneto-rheological (MR) fluid is widely used due to its outstanding properties. In this paper, an MR based Brake-by-wire system with self-energizing capability were proposed and designed. It combined a typical single-disk-type MR brake with a wedge mechanism for self-energizing purpose. According to the torque analysis of the proposed MR brakes, the brake torque was significantly amplified. This research work presented a promising brake actuator, which allows MR fluids to be applied in automotive Brake-by-wire systems.
3
Deepa, N., Sanchayita Dasmunshi, Shubhangi Verma, Anurag Shukla, and Sneha Nanda. "Brake failure detection and electronic auxiliary braking system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (March 19, 2018): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10439.
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Brakes are the integral part of a vehicle, which are used to reduce the speed of the car. Brake failure is one of the major problems, which lead to several accidents. Brake failure occurs due to brake lining fails, which leads to pressure loss. This mainly occurs in pneumatic brakes, which are used in most of the vehicles. The aim of our paper is to diagnose the faulty braking system and to enable the functioning of auxiliary braking or secondary brake system during brake failure. When the primary pneumatic brake fails the pressure sensor detects the brake failure and gives warning signal to the driver and also enables the auxiliary brake, which can be controlled by the driver manually through a manual control board. This braking system ensures the safety of the driver as well as the passengers without causing any damage to the vehicle.
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Duraisivam, Sivam, and E. Jamuna. "Thermal Analysis and Fabrication of Split Shoe Drum Brake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 867 (July 2017): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.867.239.
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Active control of vehicle dynamics has become one of the top competitive features in today’s automobiles. Vehicle dynamics control systems include effective brakes and the number of life loss has been increased due to the in effective brakes. To reduce the crashing of vehicles caused by the braking disability by overcoming the drawbacks of the conventional braking system.Brakes are employed to stop or slow down the speed of the vehicle depending upon the driving needs. When brake applied, each wheel of the vehicle builds-up a certain braking force. For this reason, greater the number of wheels braked, greater will be the braking effect, and sooner the vehicle comes to halt. With this in mind the existing air brake system of a 6 wheeler is studied and analyzed. Brake shoe assembly is completely modeled using solid works and the analysis of the brake shoe assembly is carried out in Ansys .The results are analyzed . Then redesigned brake shoe assembly is modeled in solid works and analyzed with certain changes as required.
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Durali, Laaleh, Amir Khajepour, and Soo Jeon. "Design and optimization of a cam-actuated electrohydraulic brake system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 7 (July 3, 2017): 909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017713103.
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Although different types of brake-by-wire mechanism including electrohydraulic brakes, electromechanical brakes, electronic wedge brakes and distributed electrohydraulic brakes have been developed in the past two decades, there is still an increasing demand for further improvement and also for development of new brake mechanisms in the automotive industry because of the escalating requirements for higher safety and better performance. This paper proposes a novel brake-by-wire system based on the cam actuation mechanism. The proposed cam-actuated electrohydraulic brake system is a combination of an electrical component, a mechanical component and a hydraulic component. The unique feature of the proposed cam-actuated electrohydraulic brake system is that the characteristics of the motor torque amplification can be optimized by careful design of the cam shape. The overall structure of the cam-actuated electrohydraulic brake system is described, and the dynamic model of the system is developed. Optimum design of the cam-actuated electrohydraulic brake system is obtained by multi-objective optimization, and the obtained simulation results are discussed. The compactness and the self-contained characteristics of the design enable the brake system to be installed on each wheel, allowing fully independent control of each wheel for better stability control.
6
Zhao, Fang, Mu Yi Lin, and Zhun Wang. "On Hydraulic Brake System Using Bench Experiments for Off-Road Vehicles." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.327.
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The full power hydraulic brake system has several advantages over traditional brake actuation systems. These systems are capable of supplying fluid to a range of very small and large volume service brakes with actuation that is faster than air/hydraulic brake systems. Implementation of full power hydraulic brake system in off-road vehicles calls for good understanding of its dynamic characteristics. In this paper, we consider the problem of dynamic modeling of the brake system and develop a dynamic model for a hydraulic brake valve. First, the dynamic characteristics of full power hydraulic brake system are analyzed theoretically. The effects of varying design parameters (brake valve, accumulator and so on) and the different operating conditions are then analyzed. Second, we investigate the dynamic characteristics of a full power hydraulic brake system using a test bench, which is a loader brake system specifically designed for one construction Machinery Company. Finally, based on the experimental results, the mathematical models are amended and verified. The result shows that the model-calculated data agree well with tested data. The dynamic behavior of hydraulic valve can be well predicted with the model. The simplified models can be applied to the studies of full power hydraulic brake system dynamics.
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Sampathkumar, M., A. Sakthivel, P. Tharun Prasad, S. Vinothkumar, and R. Vinothkumar. "Design and fabrication of electromagnetic braking system for four wheeler." South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology 8, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/sajet190802.
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These brakes designed by controlling for equipment, automobiles and movers are suitable for AC&DC power supplies up to 12 v to 220 v and are suitable for wide range of drum sizes 10 to 380 mm dia these brakes are suitable with a rated torque ranging from 100kg-cm for the smallest brake up to 2000 kg-cm for a 380mm dia at 50% coil rating, the coil remains in circuit for a maximum 5 min out of every 10min. Since these brakes are closed position, the release of brake shoes is affected by energizing the electromagnetic coil which over comes the spring force and shoes are moved clear of drum by lever system so that the drum is free to rotate without any friction. When the power given to the electromagnetic coil the coil gets energized and in turns the plunger pulls down. The plunger in turn operates the arm of the brake and the brake opens. When specied brake drum both pin bush type and flexible geared type can be supplied along with the brakes.
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Sathe, Sanket Rajendra, Saurabh Sharad Masal, Samadhan Laxman Kakade, Suyash Yelatwar, and Prof S. J. Jagtap. "Regenerative Braking System: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42551.
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Abstract: Electric cars square measure associate interest within the market. Today, existing braking technologies are used. This braking technology consumes tons of energy throughout braking within the style of heat. Therefore, regenerative braking is that the most significant methodology of focusing as a result of it's associate energy saving methodology. Increase the potency of electrical vehicles by reducing waste of energy. In electrical vehicle regenerative braking mode, the K.E. of the wheels is bornagain into electricity and keep within the battery or electrical condenser. This methodology has been improved mistreatment flywheels, DC-DC converters. Once a quick moving vehicle is applied a brake the momentum energy is wasted. The brake energy converter could be a compact system mounted in cylinder that absorbs this power and converts it to electricity that may be keep in battery for more use. Compact, efficient, low value and recycles energy nicely, prevents wastage. This method fits within the vacant house of the drum brakes of auto as a result of currently day's disk brakes square measure used. Low weight, compact size and power is made altogether four wheels of the vehicle. Straightforward construction, low value and straightforward to use. Absorbs brake power that the load on the hydraulic brakes is reduced thus less wear of brakes. Motor is within the earlier models with a centralized battery unit, system power to weight magnitude relation is extremely low, i.e., low power is made as compared to the burden of the system. Braking potency is low and tends to explosive brake in emergency conditions. Keywords: Energy, Brake, Electricity, Flywheel, Vehicle.
9
Newase, Srushti. "Thermal Analysis of Disc Brake System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37662.
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Abstract: Brakes are one of the most significant safety systems in an automobile. In the braking process, the rotor will be exposed to large stresses which result in surface cracking, overheating of brake fluid, seals and other components. Therefore one of the main tasks of the braking system is to reduce the surface temperature of the brake rotor. This can be achieved by choosing the right material which will undergo the least thermal stresses. In this project, thermal analysis for vented disc brake rotor of Mahindra Bolero’s done, for providing an efficient material for disc brake rotor and brake pads which can dissipate heat generated during braking at faster rate and also being structurally safe. Keywords: Braking system, Disc Brake Rotor, Thermal, Structural Analysis, CATIA V5, ANSYS WORKBENCH
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Seelam, Anil Babu, Nabil Ahmed Zakir Hussain, and Sachidananda Hassan Krishanmurthy. "Design and analysis of disc brake system in high speed vehicles." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 12 (2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2021019.
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Brakes are the most important component of any automobile. Brakes provide the ability to reduce or bring automobile to a complete stop. The process of braking is usually achieved by applying pressure to the brake discs. The main objective of this research paper is to propose an appropriate design and to perform analysis of a suitable brake rotor to enhance the performance of the high-speed car. The design of the brake disc is modelled using Solid works and the analysis is carried out using Ansys software. The analysis has been conducted by considering stainless steel and grey cast iron using same brake rotor design so that optimal choice of brake disc can be considered. The analysis considered involves static structural analysis and steady state thermal analysis considering specific parameters on brake rotor to increase the life of brake rotor. From the analysis it is found that the performance and life of disc brake depends upon heat dissipation. From the analysis results it can be concluded that grey cast iron has performed better as compared to stainless steel as this material has anti-fade properties which improves the life of the brake rotor.
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Stefanovic, Slobodan, and Stefan Mladenovic. "ANALYSIS OF BRAKE SYSTEMS IN MOTOR VEHICLES USING PRACTICAL EXAMPLES FROM THE ASPECT OF THEIR DIAGNOSTICS." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 54, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij5403505s.
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The part of the braking system that has the task of transmitting the command activated by the driver to thebrakes is called the transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism itself can be different depending on howit is constructed and conceptually executed. As for the conceptual solution, the question arises as to whether thetransmission method itself must be such that the driver's command is only transmitted to the brakes or the driver'scommand itself is handed over to a separate energy system. The energy system itself can be such that it additionallyhelps the activation of the brakes (servo brake force boosters) or completely takes over the activation of the brakes,with the creation of a certain braking force on the wheels, and these are the so-called mechanisms with full servoaction. Today we have the following transmission mechanisms in use: Mechanical transmission, hydraulic with orwithout servo amplification, hydraulic with full servo action, pneumatic with full servo action, hydro-pneumaticwith servo amplification or with full servo action. The very choice of these systems depends on a large number offactors, but the main one is - how much energy must be delivered to the brakes. Each of these systems is explainedseparately in the paper. A mechanical transmission mechanism is a system that does not have any additional servoamplification, but the command of the driver or the person operating the machine is directly transmitted to thebrakes. Based on this, we can conclude that the application of this transmission mechanism in brake systems is quitelimited. Today, this transmission mechanism is only used as a service brake on some slower trucks and tractors. Thehydraulic transmission mechanism is the system that is most common in brake systems of passenger, light cargo anddelivery vehicles. In the case of vehicles weighing up to 1000 kg, the driver alone is sufficient to develop thenecessary energy for braking, so it is not necessary to additionally support the braking force with servo boosters. Butthat's why smaller trucks and delivery vehicles need additional help from a servo booster to activate the brakingforce. Servo amplifiers have become an integral part of the equipment in passenger vehicles primarily due to thesafety, security and comfort of passengers. In contrast to the mechanical transmission, this system is morecomplicated in terms of performance and its operation is based on the transmission of pressure through the brakefluid from the main brake cylinder to the brake cylinder in the brakes. The pressure created by the brake fluid actson the pistons in the cylinder itself and in this way force is created and the brakes are activated. The main advantageof this system is the very safety and safer braking, because with the hydraulic system it is possible to make adistribution in several independent branches to the cylinders on the brakes, and this is one of the basic satisfactoryrequirements in the ECE regulation that the brakes must also have an auxiliary braking system in case dismissal ofthe principal. The system itself consists of: the pedal, which is activated by pressing the foot on the pedal itself, themain brake cylinder, the distribution system, the working brake cylinders in the brakes and the brake itself.
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Novianto, R. Arief, and Galuh Achmaditiya. "Impact of Adjusting Brake Lining Gap and Brake Drum Temperature on Brake Efficiency of Motor Vehicles." RSF Conference Series: Engineering and Technology 2, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cset.v2i2.579.
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In motor vehicle systems, brakes are one of the important components that have a major role in reducing the risk of accidents on the highway. In the brake system, especially drum brakes, improper component adjustment can cause the brakes not to work optimally. This research was conducted to determine the impact of large variations in the brake lining gap and brake drum temperature on brake efficiency in motorized vehicles. This study uses an experimental method with variations in the adjustment of the size of the brake lining gap and the temperature of the drum brake. The main brake efficiency was tested using a brake tester from these several variations. The variations of the brake lining gap used are 0.3 mm, 1 mm, and 1.7 mm. Meanwhile, the brake drum temperature is set at 30, 90, and 150 degrees Celsius. The result of this research is that the wider the brake lining gap, the smaller the brake efficiency. The greater the temperature on the drum brake also affects the smaller the efficiency of the brake. Meanwhile, the variable brake lining gap and temperature simultaneously (together) affect the level of brake efficiency. The larger gap between the lining and the temperature of the drum brake, the lower the efficiency of the brake obtained.
13
Raikar, Dattaraj, and Omkar Sadwilkar. "Disc Brake Run-Out Detection System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 2028–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48333.
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Abstract: Disc brakes failure had become a major issue in vehicles these days, some of the common reasons for brake failures are reported to be a disc wobble, as it affects the overall braking, and the wobble caused on disc brakes generates a shudder at the passenger cabin through the brake pedal, which adds to a jagged movement of the vehicle. After carrying out deep research on this issue, an idea was formed to sense the wobble on the disc rotor. So, based on this idea a new concept for the Data Acquisition system is presented, namely: a Brake Disc Run-Out Sensor, which is designed on browser-based simulation software, Tinker-Cad. A Circuit diagram along with a block diagram is displayed and explained, addressing the main idea and objective of this prototype, this system will show the disc brake wobble or run-out data to the driver or controller via a visual indication. In this system, a tilt sensor is used and is interfaced with a microcontroller, every code is explained in detail with comments on each step. This system will increase the overall life of the brake rotor and the vibrations caused on the vehicle will be avoidable up to some extent. Therefore, reducing the maintenance cost of the vehicle
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Li, Ai Ran, Yu Jin Fan, Teng Han, Zhe Kun Li, Pei Lin Zhao, and Jun Jie Wang. "Properties of Hydraulic Floating Caliper Brake for AGV Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.33.
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Existing AGV car’s brakes are electromagnet brakes. Brake overheating causes brake damaged during work time.In this paper ,the hydraulic pressure floating caliper brake is applied to the AGV car . It with electromagnetic brake AGV car for braking performance comparison test, through comparative analysis know that hydraulic floating caliper brakes can not only meet the AGV car’s braking requirements and the system dynamic performance has improved greatly.
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Li, Wei, Hong Yu Zheng, and Chang Fu Zong. "A Brake Pad Wear Control Algorithm for Electronic Brake System." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 2099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.2099.
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A brake pad wear control algorithm used under uncritical braking conditions is proposed to reduce the difference in brake pad wear between the front and rear axles caused by the difference in braking force and the type of brake. The algorithm regulates the distribution of braking force within the limits of certain braking regulations according to the wear conditions of the brake pads while deceleration control still functions properly. Computer co-simulations of braking with Trucksim and Matlab/Simulink was performed in which vehicle models with equal brake pad wear, greater wear on the front axle and greater wear on the rear axle were used. The results show that the difference in brake pad wear between the front and rear axles can be reduced by distributing the braking force according to the wear conditions of the brakes when braking uncritically to reduce the time and cost needed in repair and maintenance.
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Lal, Roop, R. C. Singh, Vaibhav Sharma, and Vaibhav Jain. "A Study of Active Brake System of Automobile." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, no. 2 (2017): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.521729.
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There are many situations where the driver’s response is not fast enough to apply brakes to stop and control the vehicle during emergency. So in such cases, there is an urgent need for an active brake system. Brake assist is an active vehicle safety feature designed not only to help drivers come to a stop more quickly during an episode of emergency braking but it automatically applies brakes in case the car in front of car comes too close. There are many sensors along with camera which continuously determines the speed of car in front of our car .If both cars come too close to each other, then brake assist first warns the driver and then apply 20% to 40% of braking capacity automatically and if still driver does not respond it activates emergency brake assist which applies 100% of braking power .During this ABS and EBD (sometimes ESC and TRACTION CONTROL) also comes into play which provides easy manoeuvre control to driver over vehicle.
17
Yang, Cheng Hui. "A New Mathematical Model of Brake Test Stand Control System." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.975.
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All of the performances of the car, break performance is one of the most important. In the stage of automotive design, road tests usually are not available, only special brake tests are used to simulate the test. Using brake tester is a good measure to decide the vehicle braking performance. To carry out the brakes test and to explore inertia, it can better simulate the actual use of the brake mode and environmental conditions, a more realistic response to brake performance, not only brake to improve the level of R & D to enhance the braking technology, but also can improve brake testing technology to improve the design level test bench, the most critical is a good control analysis of the mathematical modeling of the brake product development, quality control, and vehicle braking performance are very important. Based on the data calculation and analysis, model, and the control algorithm, obtained reasonable control of the brake test bench mathematical modeling, and the method to do the appropriate improvements.
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Khan, Y., P. Kulkarni, and K. Youcef-Toumi. "Modeling, Experimentation and Simulation of a Brake Apply System." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 116, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2900665.
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This study presents the development and validation of an analytical dynamic model of the brake apply system of a vehicle. The brake apply system includes the models for brake pedal, vacuum booster, master cylinder, and proportioning valves; the interactions with the wheel brake system, which comprises the front and rear foundation brakes, are included by modeling their compliances. Laboratory experiments are performed on a bench setup of the brake system and the experimental data is compared with the simulation results. The model is formulated such that the inputs are the pedal force applied by the driver, the vacuum supplied by the engine and the physical parameters of the brake components. Preliminary analysis shows that the simulation tracks the data quite closely throughout the regime of operation. Sensitivity studies are performed to show the effect of different friction parameters on the system performance.
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Janani, R., Aparna, and Hari Hara Ganesh. "Sensor Assisted Braking System in Automobiles." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2606.
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One of the fastest growing industries in the world in terms of high demand as well in technological development is Automobile Industry. There have been a lot of technological concepts introduced in automotive industry to improve comfort, more efficiency, cost reduction and eco-friendly. From the past century, the braking system of vehicle hasn’t evolved much. Today from small to exotic vehicles use only two types braking system are Disc and Drum Brakes, and their mode of operation are the Hydraulic and pneumatic actuations respectively. The 60+ percentage of brake system used in automobile are hydraulic whereas the remaining is pneumatic brake system. They have separate booster getting input from the brake pedal to stop vehicle, and separate hose lining to all four wheel. In this Sensor assisted braking system, the booster, hosing and mechanical systems are removed and sensor acts as input and actuator actuate the brake system.
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Zhang, Hai Tao, Ying Jun Dai, Yu Jing Jia, and Guang Zhen Cheng. "The Design of Disc Brake for Mine Hoist in Civil Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 568 (September 2012): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.568.212.
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This article will describe the research status and the features of control system of the disc brakes of mine hoist. The disc brakes consist of body, outer cylinder, cylinder, piston, ring, disc springs, plunger, gate disk and other components. The disc brakes use the pre-load of disc springs to force the piston to move towards the brake disc, push the brake pads out, then the brake pads and drum brake disc contact and resulting in positive pressure, then the formation of friction produce a braking torque. When the brake system loose pads, the cylinder is filled with the pressure oil, which make the piston compresses the disc springs, and promote the brake pads to move back and then left brake disc, remove the braking force. The hydraulic circuit of the braking system chooses two-way parallel oil and four oil cylinder brake. A slip road set up a one-way throttle, making the slip road brake slightly delayed, which will achieve two stage braking and make work more stable. This disc brake is normally closed, which means when the hoist does not work, the brake is in the state of braking to prevent the occurrence of accidents. This brake is safe, reliable and sensitive in action. The materials of brake pads is rigid asbestos plastic, which have stable friction coefficient, good wear resistance, is not sensitive to the aqueous medium and salt spray,it has flexible installation location, and it is easy to use, adjust and maintain.
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Xu, Feng, and Chongdu Cho. "A Novel Electronic Wedge Brake Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 5096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145096.
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The electronic wedge brake system (EWB) used in the automotive industry is a new structure designed for brake-by-wire systems. This paper proposes a novel EWB system which is mainly composed of a screw-driven wedged inner brake pad, a fixed outer brake pad, a fixed caliper-flexible brake rotor and a hybrid stepper motor. The proposed EWB system does not have a planetary gear set or a ball screw mechanism, it simplified the existing EWB systems. The proposed EWB system is designed to take advantage of the self-interlocking ability of the screw mechanism to hold the brakes with zero-overhauling and the self-energizing ability of the wedge brake pad to reduce the braking effort. In the braking phase, the screw driven wedge inner brake pad forces the flexible rotor against a fixed flat brake pad. The rotor is elastically deformed to make the contact against the fixed pad. Except for the applied force, the friction force between the brake rotor and the wedge pad exerts additional force as the wedge is pulled along the direction of rotation, thus requiring a lower brake actuation force. In this paper, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) algorithm is introduced to improve the response ability and stability of the proposed EWB. Simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ADRC controller in the proposed EWB system.
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Li, Guofa, Wenjun Wang, Shengbo Eben Li, Bo Cheng, and Paul Green. "Effectiveness of Flashing Brake and Hazard Systems in Avoiding Rear-End Crashes." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 792670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/792670.
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Three experiments were conducted to examine the effectiveness of two forward crash warning systems, a flashing brake system and a flashing hazard system, using an advanced driving simulator. In Experiment 1, 20 subjects followed a lead vehicle with a desired time gap and braked when necessary. Results showed that time gap, velocity, and deceleration of the lead vehicle all significantly affected drivers’ brake response times. In Experiment 2, six brake response times to a sudden lead vehicle deceleration (0.6 g at 80 km/h) were measured for six time gaps. Results showed that flashing brake system and flashing hazard system reduced drivers' brake response times by 0.14~0.62 s and 0.03~0.95 s, respectively, in the various situations tested. The effects of flashing color and illuminated size on drivers' brake response times were examined in Experiment 3. Results showed that flashing amber lamps reduced drivers' brake response times significantly by 0.11 s (10%) on average compared with red lamps. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of both flashing systems in reducing drivers' brake response times in urgent situations and may warrant further consideration by manufacturers.
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Diep, Bao Tri, Ngoc Diep Nguyen, Thanh T. Tran, and Quoc Hung Nguyen. "Design and Experimental Validation of a 3-DOF Force Feedback System Featuring Spherical Manipulator and Magnetorheological Actuators." Actuators 9, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9010019.
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This research focuses on the development of a new 3-DOF (Degree of Freedom) force feedback system featuring a spherical arm mechanism and three magnetorheological (MR) brakes, namely two rotary MR brakes and one linear MR brake. The first rotary MR brake is integrated in the waist joint to reflect the horizontal tangent force, the other rotary MR brake is integrated in the shoulder joint to reflect the elevation tangent force, while the linear MR brake is integrated in the sliding joint of the arm to reflect the radial force (approach force). The proposed configuration can reflect a desired force to the operator at the end-effectors of the arm independently in 3 DOFs by controlling the current applied to the coils of the MR brakes. After the introduction, the configuration of the proposed force feedback system is presented. Afterward, the design and conducted simulation of the MR brakes for the systems are provided. The prototype of the force feedback system, which was manufactured for the experiment, is then presented as well as some of the obtained experimental results. Finally, the proposed control system is presented and its implementation to provide a desired feedback force to the operator is provided.
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Shiao, Yaojung, Quang-Anh Nguyen, and Jhe-Wei Lin. "A Study of Novel Hybrid Antilock Braking System Employing Magnetorheological Brake." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 617584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/617584.
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A novel hybrid antilock braking system (ABS) with the combination of auxiliary brake and a multipole magnetorheological (MR) brake was proposed in this paper. The MR brake with innovative operation concept can replace existed hydraulic brake system or works as an auxiliary brake. Two simulation models of the MR brakes, inner rotor and outer rotor structures, have been built. The outer rotor design was chosen due to its better braking performance and suitable mechanism for using on motorcycle. After that, motorcycle simulation software was employed to validate the hybrid ABS system under appropriated working condition. Two controllers, the ordinary and self-organizing fuzzy logic controllers (FLC and SOFLC), were evaluated on ABS performance to pick the suitable one. Simulation results confirm the more adaptations to different road conditions of the SOFLC with 18% higher brake performance compared to ones of ordinary FLC. Brake performance can increase 12% more with the combination of SOFLC and road condition estimator (RCE). It is concluded that this hybrid ABS is feasible for actual application by effectively improving the brake performance for ensuring driving stability.
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Scheibe, Robert R., and Per G. Reinhall. "Safety Monitoring of Air Brake Systems on Board Commercial Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1560, no. 1 (January 1996): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156000107.
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Research is leading to development of an on-board, intelligent air brake warning device (IBWD) for commercial vehicles equipped with such brakes. Recent statistics show that a disturbing proportion of commercial vehicles are operating with brakes that are out of adjustment or otherwise improperly maintained. Air brake systems on multiaxle vehicles are particularly sensitive to brake adjustment and provide poor feedback of deteriorating performance to drivers. Currently, the only active warning is for low air pressure; drivers receive no information about the effectiveness of the total system. Recent improvements, including automatic slack adjusters and antilock brake systems, are not sufficient to ensure adequacy of brakes. IBWD performs an on-board, real-time assessment of vehicle brake performance through measurement of a relatively small number of parameters. It gives drivers adequate time for corrective action and provides maintenance personnel and authorities with valuable information for improved servicing and inspection activities. In addition to the safety benefits, IBWD will enhance commercial vehicle productivity by reducing unnecessary delays at inspection points and by boosting overall acceptance of other intelligent transportation system technologies. A discussion of IBWD design philosophy and methodology is presented. The measurable parameters of interest are discussed, along with how they will be monitored. Analysis and modeling of empirical data collected from an extensive full-scale vehicle test program are presented, along with techniques for deriving a brake assessment algorithm.
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Məhərrəm oğlu Əliyev, Ələsgər. "Analysis of braking systems of classic drilling." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 21, 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/6-11.
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The lowering and lifting of the drill strings during drilling is carried out using winches. One of the main elements of the winches is the braking system. The braking system of the drawworks is designed for: keeping the drill string suspended; power absorption during the descent of the string to the length of one candle with the highest permissible speed and complete braking at the end of the descent; smooth feed of the drill string as the well deepens while drilling. Braking devices used in drilling machines and mechanisms are divided into main and auxiliary ones according to their purpose.The main ones are designed to stop machines and mechanisms and are activated at the end of the movement with long interruptions in work, while auxiliary ones are for long-term braking in order to reduce the speed of movement. The brakes of classic drill bits consist of a main working belt-molded brake, as well as an auxiliary brake consisting of electromagnetic or hydrodynamic brakes. Key words: belt-molded brake, hydrodynamic brake, electromagnetic brake, electromagnetic ferro-dust brakes
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Listiyono, Listiyono, Nurhadi Nurhadi, and Khambali Khambali. "Compressor Air Pressure and Brake Shield Distance Brake to Braking Accuracy on Brakes Antilock Braking System." Asian Journal Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51278/ajse.v1i1.419.
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The development of automotive technology to date is very fast. In the city, it is almost rare to find conventional cars. Most are already using modern technology. The hallmark of modern cars is that they are not fully mechanical. Already combined with several electric and pneumatic tools. Until now the development in the field of chassis is endless. Its initial development began with the discovery of ABS (Anti Lock Brake System) brakes. Basically, ABS is followed by supporting components such as EBD, ESP, and so on.All of this is actually inseparable from the main function of braking. Namely so that the car can run well,, deceleration and stop as desired appropriately. The parts of the brakes that are most influential are the brake shoes and discs and the compressed air from the brakes. Also the most influential accuracy is the distance of the brake shroud. Therefore, in this study the aims of 1. To find the effect of pressure and brake shroud distance. 2. What is the minimum air pressure and brake shroud for the brakes to work properly (grip). This research uses experimental design method. The data is processed with the Minitab program. Data processing shows that: 1. The braking speed is influenced by the amount of compressed air pressure. Partially the distance of the brake shroud does not affect the braking speed. But the interaction of pressure and shroud distance has an effect on braking speed. 2. Air pressure that can be used as a fast ABS braking process is 3.75 – 4.25 (bar) with a shroud distance of 5 (mm).
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MARIN, Florin-Bogdan, and Mihaela MARIN. "CFD Modeling of Aerodynamic Car Brake Cooling System." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 44, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2021.4.08.
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The objective of this experimental research is to identify solutions for an optimal cooling of the disks. The aerothermal brake cooling calculation is used to determine how the brake cooling process evolves. The techniques for simulating the dynamics of the CFD fluid allow us to simulate the cooling of the brakes in air current and then to compare the results obtained in the wind tunnel.
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Pradhan, Dr Swastik, Santhosh M, Palepu rithvik, and Katkam Ravi Teja. "Modelling and analysis of ventilated disc Brakes using Creo and FEA software." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43959.
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Abstract: An important part of a car's safety system is the brakes. Brakes are easily worn, leading to unpredictable disasters. To avoid this, ventilated disc brakes are used, which helps the brakes to work well in stressful conditions and high temperatures. The materials used play an important role in determining performance. The main objective of this research work is to analyze the current design and conduct a suitable brake rotor analysis to improve its performance. Existing brake disc designs are modeled in Creo and analyzed with software. The material grades used in this study were performed on stainless steel, grey cast iron, structural steel, and titanium alloy brake discs using the same brake disc design to determine the best grade. Keywords: ventilated disc brake, creo, thermal analysis, static analysis.
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Zhang, Tuo, Sungjin Choi, Seoyeon Ahn, Chanhyuk Nam, and Geesoo Lee. "Enclosure Design for Brake Wear Particle Measurement Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092356.
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The harmfulness of fine dust generated by automobile brakes to the environment has recently received attention. Therefore, we aimed to analyze and regulate the brake wear particles in dynamometers. To accurately measure the number of particles and particle mass, the sampling system used needs to minimize transportation losses and reduce the residence time in the brake enclosure system. The brake dust measurement system currently used can estimate the main transportation loss but cannot evaluate the complex flow field in the brake enclosure system under different design conditions. We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology to predict the behavior of brake wear particles and analyze the static pressure characteristics, the uniformity of the system flow, and the residence time of the brake dust particles in the system. In addition, we compared the design of the basic structure of the brake enclosure system, combined with the four factors affecting the design of the brake dynamometer, with the enclosure system. As a result, we proposed that the design of the cross section of the brake dynamometer enclosure should be circular, the outlet angle of the enclosure should be 15°, the caliper should be fixed to 150°, and two sets of splitters should be added. This design improves pressure loss and reduces the residence time of brake dust particles in the brake enclosure system.
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Bawane, Prof S. G., Moksh Khajuria, Vaibhav Sontakke, Chetan Gharjare, Aniket Dhakate, Hemraj Sonkusare, and Ramesh Rajput. "Review Paper of Design and Fabrication of Smart Electromagnetic Breaking System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1028–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40786.
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Abstract: According to a study 20-30% of the road accident cases are caused due to less attentiveness of vehicle driver or the failure of brakes and vehicles have mechanical brakes which requires a high mechanical force that cause a problem to handicap person so to overcome above described problem we came up with the idea of intelligent braking system with obstacles detection which has 3 parts first is electromagnets to provide automation to the brakes and second part is infrared sensor by sensing braking system can detect obstacles so that it can automatically send signal to relay and brakes can be applied third part is brake for which we electromagnet braking to provide smoothness and effective braking and the last and main part or brain of the system is infrared sensor and relay which gets the signal from sensor and activates the brakes So from this braking system we can provide the automation to a mechanical braking system which can be further modify and can be implement to vehicles the brakes in which we can fully rely on and can also be used in vehicles for handicaps that aren't able to apply conventional braking. 1) BRAKE • A brake is a mechanical device which retards motion. • Brakes use friction between two surfaces to convert the kinetic energy of the moving object into heat. 2) Need for Alternative These systems are prone to the wear and tear on usage a) Conventional braking systems produces continuous power dissipation as heat and may fail if the temperature rises too high b) Friction based braking methods are also not efficient under wet conditions
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Nikonov, V. A., V. F. Zubkov, M. N. Tsibizov, I. V. Nazarov, and D. V. Gorskiy. "Innovative braking system for high-speed 80-foot platform." VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 80, no. 6 (December 27, 2021): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2021-80-6-343-350.
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The article discusses technical solutions for the creation of an effective design of a brake system for high-speed longwheelbase platforms intended for the transport of containers, as well as for the development of a fundamentally new brake equipment for the pneumatic, electro-pneumatic and mechanical parts of the brake system. Modular braking equipment for the pneumatic and electro-pneumatic parts of the high-speed platform braking system, compactly located under the platform frame, provides technical compatibility when controlling platform brakes as part of not only a high-speed freight train of permanent formation, but also in trains for other purposes, regardless of the location of the platform in the composition of the train. The performance of the braking equipment of each platform in motion and in the parking lot is monitored using pressure sensors and an electronic unit that processes the readings of the sensors and transmits information to the locomotive via one of the wire lines of the electro-pneumatic brake. The brake rigging used on the high-speed platform is arranged in the design of three-axle bogies and provides doublesided pressing on the wheels with typical composite brake pads, automatic regulation and maintenance of the standard clearances between brake pads and wheels. The proposed promising technical solutions make it possible to continuously diagnose the parameters of the brakes of each platform as part of a permanent train, display them on the locomotive monitor and transmit them to the dispatch centers of the Russian Railways infrastructure. Thanks to this, the braking effciency can be increased and the safety of train traffc can be ensured while increasing the permissible travel speeds. In the modern concept of digitalization of the infrastructure of Russian Railways, which provides for the creation in 2021–2025 (and in the future until 2030) of cars in which intelligent technologies should be applied, the braking system of a high-speed platform can be considered as the basis for creating a digitally controlled train — one of the key elements of the digital railway.
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Dias, Anderson L., Rômulo dN Rodrigues, Roberto dA Bezerra, and Pierre Lamary. "Automotive simplex and duplex drum brake squeal analysis using the finite element method." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 53, no. 1-2 (January 2022): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09574565211052692.
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Despite the fact that disk brakes are used on almost entire mass produced vehicle, drum brakes are still applied on light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles. However, both exhibit a high level of brake noises in which squeal is the most uncomfortable and one of the reasons behind high warranty costs that concern the automotive industry. Hence, the development of prediction methods and models of brake noise have prompted significant efforts. This study intends to analyze two types of drum brakes of a commercial automotive application. Their parametric finite element model comprises drum, shoes, and frictional linings and are submitted to a computational process that includes static calculations of the system under the brake forces to get a pre-stress state around which is computed the complex eigenvalues of the system which characterize their stability. These calculations indicate the unstable frequencies of the entire system. After the design of experiments (DOE) process, the influence of drum brake parameters on system stability can be seen. The friction coefficient and Young’s modulus presented a strong correlation with squeal incidence. At the end is presented a comparison and the optimal material parameters to decrease squeal noise occurrence of these brakes.
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Sharke, Paul. "No Breaks for Noise." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 08 (August 1, 1999): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-aug-5.
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This article highlights the fact that engineers who design and test anti-lock brake systems (ABS) have been trying to come up with ways to minimize the noise and vibration that drivers hear and feel when they stomp on the brake pedals. The ABS engineers want drivers to do during a panic stop is to let their feet off the brakes. According to the engineers, braking should be the concern, because the less time the driver worries about stopping the car, the more time there is to concentrate on steering it. The mechanical components in both systems are functionally identical, consisting of a brake pedal, a master cylinder and booster, hydraulic lines and fluid, wheel calipers, brake pads, and rotors. In fact, unless the system is actuated by hard braking, ABS acts just like an ordinary disc brake system. Engine noise would only mask the ABS noise reaching the binaural head, which sits inside the passenger compartment where a driver would normally be.
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Jing, Zhecheng, and Ren He. "Electronic structural improvement and experimental verification of a tractor-semitrailer air brake system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 8 (February 7, 2020): 2154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019899794.
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Brake time delay, which is a major shortcoming of air brake systems, may lead to precarious situations. In this study, the structure of an air brake system of a tractor–semitrailer was optimized by adding a shuttle valve and a two-position-three-port electromagnetic valve between the control pipeline and the charging pipeline downstream of the trailer control valve. The new electronically controlled structure clearly ensures that the semitrailer brakes faster, as validated by a simulation, bench test, and real-vehicle test. The simulation results reveal considerable improvements in the braking time, braking distance, longitudinal kinetic energy, lateral kinetic energy, and β phase plane. The bench test indicates that in the proposed structure, the average response time of service brake cylinders of the first and third axles of the semitrailer are 0.12 and 0.17 s, respectively. In addition, the real-vehicle test indicated that the service brake cylinders of the first and third axles responded 0.12 and 0.18 s earlier than those in the original system, respectively.
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Riva, Gabriele, Francesco Varriale, and Jens Wahlström. "A finite element analysis (FEA) approach to simulate the coefficient of friction of a brake system starting from material friction characterization." Friction 9, no. 1 (August 14, 2020): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0397-9.
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Abstract The coefficient of friction (COF) is one of the most important parameters to evaluate the performance of a brake system. To design proper brake systems, it is important to know the COF when estimating the brake force and resulting torque. It is challenging to simulate the COF since friction in disc brakes is a complex phenomenon that depends on several parameters such as sliding velocity, contact pressure, materials, and temperatures, etc. There is a lack of studies found in the literature focusing on simulation of the COF for a full brake system based on tribometer material characterization. The aim of this work is therefore to investigate the possibility to use a finite element analysis (FEA) approach combined with a COF pv-map to compute the global COF of a disc brake system. The local COF is determined from a pv-map for each local sliding velocity and contact pressure determined by the FEA. Knowing the local COF, the braking force of the entire brake system and the global COF can be evaluated. Results obtained by the simulation are compared with dyno bench test of the same brake system to investigate the validity of the simulation approach. Results show that the simulation is perfectly in line with the experimental measurements in terms of in-stop COF development, but slightly higher with a positive offset for every braking.
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Tuszyński, Waldemar, Ryszard Moszumański, and Marek Steinhof. "EVALUATION OF POSSIBILITIES TO IMPROVE FUNCTIONALITY OF BRAKE PADS THROUGH MODIFICATION OF THE HEAT DISSIPATION METHOD." Tribologia 300, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9729.
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From a social perspective, providing motor vehicle users with high quality brake lining assemblies, which additionally help to prevent the braking system from overheating by dissipating heat into the atmosphere, is a matter of great importance. Overheated brakes may cause failure of the braking system and, as a result, lead to a car accident. Heat dissipation during operation helps to cool the braking system and prevent overheating. The article presents two patented brake pad structural solutions – anisotropic and ventilated brake pads – designed to boost the effectiveness of heat dissipation. The tests described in the article were performed using the T-33 inertia dynamometer developed at the Łukasiewicz – Institute for Sustainable Technologies in response to a demand presented by a Polish brake pad manufacturer. As part of the tests, various functional properties of the newly-designed and classic brake pads (i.e. the friction coefficient, the temperature of the brake pad, and the wear of the brake pad and brake disc) were compared. From the tests it follows that the new pads with the heat dissipation system have an advantage over classic pads, depending on the method of brake pad’s material and structural modification.
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Volkmar, Kai, Ruben Pascual Mata, and Josef Achhammer. "THE BRAKE SYSTEM." ATZextra worldwide 15, no. 5 (June 2010): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40111-010-0198-7.
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Fujita, Y. "Radar Brake System." JSAE Review 16, no. 1 (January 1995): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0389-4304(95)94875-n.
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Tian, Feng, Jinfeng Zhu, and Zhenshe Zhang. "Design of a Drum Brake Turnover Machine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2417, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2417/1/012003.
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In order to meet the demand of turning over brakes in an automatic assembly line of drum brakes, a drum brake turnover machine is designed. SolidWorks software is used to complete the three-dimensional modeling of the mechanical structure of the whole device; The control system of the drum brake turnover machine based on Schneider M241 PLC is designed, and the AC servo system control based on CANopen BUS is realized. The precise control of the position of reclaiming, overturning, discharging and turning angle of the drum brake is achieved. The engineering application results show that the equipment has a high degree of automation, stable operation, and good economy.
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Perricone, Guido, Mattia Alemani, Ibrahim Metinöz, Vlastimil Matějka, Jens Wahlström, and Ulf Olofsson. "Towards the ranking of airborne particle emissions from car brakes – a system approach." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 6 (August 24, 2016): 781–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016662800.
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Airborne particulate matter emitted from motor vehicle brakes is a contributor to urban air quality. Therefore, a method to rank brake pairs (pads and rotors) with respect to their particle emission factors in a reliable way is needed to develop a low-emission disc brake. A novel inertial disc brake dynamometer designed for brake particle emission studies, a modified SAE J 2707 cycle, an electrical low-pressure cascade impactor and a filter are used to test five different pad materials against cast-iron rotors. By changing only the pad materials, it is shown that the differences between the mass emission factor and the number emission factor of the the worst brake pair and those of the best brake pair decreases by more than four times and 19 times respectively. Furthermore, the results show that the material combination ranked the best in terms of the mass emission factor is ranked the worst in terms of the number emission factor. The results reveal that this combination of a test stand, a test cycle and particle instruments can discriminate between different brake pair materials in a reliable way in the case of the mass emission factors while more research has to be carried out in the case of the number emission factors.
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Sun, Hong Mei, Li Wei Hu, and Jia Wen. "The Localization of the Wind Turbine Passive Spindle Brake Based on Mechanical Mechanics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 540 (April 2014): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.540.96.
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Wind turbines typically run in harsh environments region, but the general requirements in the case of work unattended. Therefore, the brake system is a key component to protect the safe operation of wind turbines. When the wind turbine over speed occurs, overload or other abnormal conditions, the brake system needs to start immediately, so that the whole unit into the shutdown state to ensure crew safety. This article describes the role of wind turbine brake system, composition, operation principle, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used active and passive spindle brake doubly-fed wind turbine. Completion of a wind turbine import passive brake design, manufacturing localization, combined with wind turbine machine operating parameters, developed analytical test program brakes and the test results, and for the test questions are designed to improve.
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Kachmar, Roman, and Olena Lanets. "Influence of operating factors on the efficiency of the vehicle brake system." Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 7, no. 3-4 (2021): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2021.03-04.052.
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The main system responsible for the safety of the car is its braking system. The efficiency of the braking system is assessed by several parameters, the main of which is the maximum braking force, which is generated in the braking mechanisms, usually it is disc or drum types of brakes. The analysis of peculiarities of designs of existing types of brakes of cars is carried out, advantages and disadvantages of each of them, characteristics of application and maintenance are substantiated. The main factors that have a significant impact on the efficiency of the car's brake system have been identified. It was carried out the research of the influence of the main operational factors on the efficiency of the car's brake system: the pressure in the car's tires, contamination, and friction pairs of the brake mechanisms. The method of conducting experimental test lane and road researches of influence of the chosen factors on indicators of braking efficiency of the car is developed. Test lane experimental studies were performed using the Bosch BSA 4340 brake test equipment, graphs of changes in the braking efficiency of each of the car's wheels based on the researches were built, depending first on the change in tire pressure, then on the presence of rust, grit, and grime and level of wear of mechanisms. The quantity of the maximum braking force of the car depending on three quantities of pressure in tires of wheels was identified: the pressure recommended by the factory of 0,18 MPa, the lowered and increased pressures 0.15 and 0.25 MPa respectively. The influence of motor oil caught in the brake mechanism or treatment with special pastes on the value of the maximum braking force is also determined. The influence of the state of the brake discs and pads on the braking efficiency of the car was also investigated, the braking indicators were measured before and after the replacement of the brake disc and pads. On the basis of the conducted test line and road researches, conclusions are made and practical recommendations on prevention of reduction of brake efficiency of the car in the conditions of operation are offered.
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Milenkovic, Predrag, Sasa Jovanovic, Aleksandra Jankovic, Milan Milovanovic, Nenad Vitosevic, Milan Djordjevic, and Mile Raicevic. "The influence of brake pads thermal conductivity on passenger car brake system efficiency." Thermal Science 14, suppl. (2010): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci100505016m.
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In phase of vehicle braking system designing, besides of mechanical characteristics, it is also necessary to take under consideration the system?s thermal features. This is because it is not enough just to achieve proper braking power, for the brake system to be effective but equally important thing is the dissipation of heat to the environment. Heat developed in the friction surfaces dissipate into the environment over the disk in one hand and through the brake linings and caliper, in the other. The striving is to make that greatest amount of heat to dissipate not threw the brake pads but threw disc. The experimental researching of heat transfer process taking place at vehicle brakes was made in the R&D Center of ?Zastava automobili? car factory in order to increase the efficiency of brake system. The standard laboratory and road test procedures were used, according to factory quality regulations. The modern equipment such as thermo camera, thermo couples, torque transducers, signal amplifiers, optical speed measuring system and laptop computer were used. In this paper will be shown the part of the experimental researching, which refers to the thermal conductivity of brake pad friction linings.
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Barecki, Z., and S. F. Scieszka. "Some Factors Influencing Friction Brake Performance: Part 3—Computer Simulation of the Lining Wear Process in Friction Brakes." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 111, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258958.
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In this paper the simulative model of the friction lining wear process in a winding gear, post type, brake is presented. In the modelling procedure, the wear characteristics of the friction materials and the brake variables typical for winding brakes, for example, the elastic property of the brake elements were taken into consideration. The modelling of the friction lining wear process was used to predict associated changes in the pressure distribution, and other mechanical characteristics of the brake system.
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Anantha Krishna, G. L., and K. M. Sathish Kumar. "Investigation on Eddy Current Braking Systems – A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1089.
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The changing magnetic field will induce eddy currents in the conductor. These currents will dissipate energy in the conductor and generate drag force. It is found that Aluminium is the best material as conductor compared to Copper and Zinc. Also, it is found that the larger thickness of disc, more number of turns of electromagnet and higher electrical conductivity of conductor influences the generation of greater braking torque. Conventional braking system relies on adhesion force between rail and wheel. It is found that a brake built up from permanent magnet pieces that combine both magnetic rail brake and eddy current brake permits the most profitable braking action through the whole range of acceptable speeds. Permanent magnet eddy current brake uses Neodymium - Iron - Boron (NdFeB) magnets. The analysis of permanent magnet eddy current shows that the parallel magnetised eddy current topology has the superior braking torque capability. In electrically controlled eddy current braking system subjected to time varying fields in different wave forms, the triangular wave field application resulted in highest braking torque. Electromagnetic brakes were found to interfere with the signalling and train control system. Permanent magnet eddy current brakes are a simple and reliable alternative to mechanical or electromagnetic brakes in transportation applications. Greater the speed greater is the eddy current braking efficiency. Hence, author intends to work on the development and investigation of permanent magnet eddy current braking system.
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Han, Zhao Lin. "Modeling and Simulation on the Control System of a Hydro-Mechanical Stepless Steering Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.880.
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The paper creates a bond graph model of the control system of a hydro-mechanical stepless steering mechanism for a tracked vehicle in 20Sim software. Based on this model, the dynamic characteristics of combining and separating of the brake during the range shift process is analyzed. The result of simulation shows that there is a 0.1s interval during the shift process of the two brakes which may generate a power interruption in vehicle steering process. In order to resolve this problem, the brake which is coming to combine can be charged oil first, and then the brake which is coming to separate is discharged. That means the two brakes have an oil-filled state at same time. The result of simulation indicates the reasonable value of the time is 0.08 second. At last the paper brings forward an improvement to the control system to meet the requirement of oil-filled state at same time.
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Kanaev, Andrey, Maria Sakharova, and Michail M. Lukichev. "Approach for developing the plan of restoration of data communication network within the decision support intelligent system by using the precedent-based recovery method." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 1 (March 20, 2016): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2016-1-46-56.
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Objective: To define the reasons, that prevent the implementation of electrical brake for multiple unit rolling stock (MVPS) with asynchronous traction drive as an automatic brake (emergency brakes). To find the method for eliminating of found reasons. To determine, using mathematical simulation, the time indexes of traction drive readiness to the electrical braking in case of no voltage in catenary system. Methods: Mathematical model of traction drive is built in Matlab Simulink software. By using this model the empirical relations of the time from the moment of command input, made by the control system, to start an emergency braking, to the moment of charging of input capacitors to nominal voltage (in case of no voltage in catenary system) from the train speed and equivalent resistance of stator circuit were obtained. Results: The problems, preventing the implementation of electrical brake for MVPS as an automatic brakes, are examined. The methods of solving these problems are suggested. By using the mathematical model the principal possibility of suggested methods is presented, as well as the estimation of the time of traction drive preparing for readiness for braking, depending on the train speed and equivalent resistance of stator circuit. Also, the engineering solutions, are found, that allow to implement the electrical brake for multiple unit rolling stock as an automatic one. Practical importance: Electrical for brake multiple unit rolling stock with asynchronous traction drive has several benefits in comparison with the pneumatic brake. It provides smaller braking distance, not influenced by low temperatures and provides better resistance for sliding and skidding. Implementation of electrical brakes for multiple unit rolling stock in the function of automatic brake will positively influence on the safety of operation and will allow to increase the operating speed of multiple unit rolling stock.
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Синицын, Владимир, Vladimir Sinitsyn, Владимир Кобищанов, and Vladimir Kobishchanov. "Assessment of influence of the lever drive of an automode on parameters of brake system of the car." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2014, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23223.
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The influence of design features and technological tolerance lever in the drive automatic behavior of the standard design for deviations of pressure in the brake cylinders from standard level, and therefore reducing the effectiveness of the brakes and the possibility of a skid. The application conditions of the actuator with regard to the method of calculation of the brake.
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Petry, Matthias, Abdelkrim Lamjahdy, Ali Jawad, Bernd Markert, and Hubertus Murrenhoff. "Validation of a thermo- and a hydromechanical model of a brake system for high-speed rail applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 8 (March 26, 2018): 2149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718765348.
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This research deals with a numerical and experimental investigation of the vibratory frequency and the thermal response of a railway brake disc and pad under varying conditions. Railway brake systems play a vital role in passenger safety and comfort. The performance of disc brakes with regard to the dynamic effects like brake torque oscillations and brake judder depends on the contact properties and wear surfaces. Brake fading occurs due to accumulated frictional heat thereby reducing the stopping power. For an improved understanding of the complex processes of a brake system during long-term braking, a comprehensive numerical investigation is performed initially using the finite element software Abaqus for a thermomechanical and modal analysis. While the thermomechanical analysis based on the calculations of frictional heat is used to investigate the increase of temperature during braking, the contact pressure is a crucial parameter that influences the distribution of temperature both on the brake disc and on the pads. The modal analysis is used to investigate the frequency behaviour of the vibrations. Then, a simulation model of a self-energised electrohydraulic brake provides the results of brake force oscillations with regard to the observed topologies of the brake disc’s wear surface, which is measured at a full-scale test rig by an enlarged experimental set-up. In addition to the dynamic brake force, the set-up contains the online measurement of the side face run-out and the temperature of one side of a ventilated brake disc. By comparing the results of our experimental and numerical investigations, the simulation models are validated. Future research should focus on a thermomechanical analysis that considers heating, cooling, and the wear effects. A detailed implementation of the contact pressure distribution between the brake pads and disc can lead to a more precise prediction of brake torque oscillations. The achieved results can be used to improve riding comfort and resolve safety critical problems in high-speed trains.