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Journal articles on the topic 'Brainwashing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Reichert, Jenny, James T. Richardson, and Rebecca Thomas. ""Brainwashing"." International Journal for the Study of New Religions 6, no. 1 (July 30, 2015): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.v6i1.22186.

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The idea that an individual could be manipulated into performing acts “against their will” created a fear of “brainwashing” and, specifically, new religious movements (NRMs). Courts in the United States initially accepted evidence concerning “brainwashing” in cases involving NRMs, and subsequently the term has been applied in situations involving other behaviors labeled as deviant both in the U.S. and other societies. This has generated challenges for legal systems despite the inability of brainwashing-based claims to meet requirements for admissibility as scientific evidence. Brainwashingbased claims have diffused into other areas of the American legal system, including, for example, custody cases involving allegations of Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) as well as in cases involving terrorism. This report presents data on how brainwashing has been treated historically in American legal cases and its current uses within that justice system.

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2

James, Gene G. "Brainwashing." Thought 61, no. 2 (1986): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/thought19866125.

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3

Qiu, Jane. "Brainwashing." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6, no. 11 (October 14, 2005): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn1793.

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4

EVERTS, SARAH. "BEE BRAINWASHING." Chemical & Engineering News 85, no. 30 (July 23, 2007): 8a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n030.p008a.

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5

Parker, Jacques. "“Psychologically Kidnapped!”." International Journal for the Study of New Religions 12, no. 2 (June 13, 2024): 185–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.26579.

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The author analyzes cases of “secular” deprogrammings—including the infamous case of Stephanie Riethmiller’s deprogramming for being a lesbian—and brainwashing opposition generally. The author argues that a fear of social change primarily of the traditional family structure informs brainwashing opposition, and occasionally that fear makes brainwashing oppositional tactics spill over into other areas of American life.

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6

Introvigne, Massimo. "Did L. Ron Hubbard Believe in Brainwashing?" Nova Religio 20, no. 4 (May 1, 2017): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2017.20.4.62.

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In 1955 the Hubbard Association of Scientologists International claimed it had obtained a secret Soviet brainwashing manual, and then published it. Based on that text, and other information he claimed to have received on Communist mind-control techniques, Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard mentioned brainwashing in several lectures. In this article, I discuss the contested authorship of this manual and conclude that it probably was written by Hubbard, although other hypotheses cannot be entirely dismissed. I also distinguish between the Communist brainwashing Hubbard described within a Cold War context, and anticultists’ claims that brainwashing is practiced by “cults,” including Scientology.

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7

Holmes, Marcia. "The ‘Brainwashing’ Dilemma." History Workshop Journal 81, no. 1 (February 18, 2016): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbw007.

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8

Burton, Alan. "Mind Bending, Mental Seduction and Menticide: Brainwashing in British Spy Dramas of the 1960s." Journal of British Cinema and Television 10, no. 1 (January 2013): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2013.0120.

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Brainwashing assumed the proportions of a cultural fantasy during the Cold War period. The article examines the various political, scientific and cultural contexts of brainwashing, and proceeds to a consideration of the place of mind control in British spy dramas made for cinema and television in the 1960s and 1970s. Particular attention is given to the films The Mind Benders (1963) and The Ipcress File (1965), and to the television dramas Man in a Suitcase (1967–8), The Prisoner (1967–8) and Callan (1967–81), which gave expression to the anxieties surrounding thought-control. Attention is given to the scientific background to the representations of brainwashing, and the significance of spy scandals, treasons and treacheries as a distinct context to the appearance of brainwashing on British screens.

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9

Panchenko, Olga. "The Origins of the "Brainwashing" Theory. From the Private Lectures of Professor Massimo Introvigne." Newsletter on the results of scholarly work in sociology, criminology, philosophy and political science 4, no. 1 (February 24, 2023): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.61439/hrti8903.

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This article delves deep into the origins of the term "brainwashing" and traces its evolution from a historical backdrop involving unscrupulous psychologists and the geopolitical tensions of the Cold War era. With a keen emphasis on Professor Massimo Introvigne's lectures and the pivotal role of ideology, it unveils how this term found its footing within the realm of religious extremism. The article then embarks on a historical journey, taking us from the roots of "brainwashing" in Nazi Germany to its subsequent resonance during the Cold War in the United States. Furthermore, it sheds light on the extended application of "brainwashing" within the realms of religion and anti-cult movements. In particular, it delves into the thought-provoking perspective of Margaret Singer, who categorized religions into two distinct types and raised the enduring question of how to discern if someone has undergone the process of 'brainwashing.' In sum, this article offers a comprehensive historical exploration of the term "brainwashing," illuminating its multifaceted trajectory through various contexts and underscoring its lack of a solid scientific foundation.

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10

Williams, Charlie. "Public psychology and the Cold War brainwashing scare." History & Philosophy of Psychology 21, no. 1 (2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpp.2020.21.1.21.

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In 1950, a new word ‘brainwashing’ entered the English language. Though its meaning was always ambiguous and continuously evolving, it captured various concerns about the future uses of psychology in warfare and domestic life and the potential for new technologies to control and manipulate human minds. Recent scholarship on what historians have called the ‘Cold War brainwashing scare’ has tended to treat brainwashing as a Cold War paranoia or fantasy that not only was never to be, but was never really supported by scientific research. Drawing on recent scholarship and my own research, this paper examines some of the interactions between experts and popular discourses on brainwashing. For many experts, the Cold War brainwashing scare offered an opportunity to engage the public with contemporary psychological theory and research. But it was by no means a discussion over which they had complete control. It will be argued that the popular debate about brainwashing was not only a question of dealing with scientific ‘facts’, but existed in a more diverse imaginary concerned as much with present realities, as it was with future possibilities. Much in the same way that stories about artificial intelligence are reported today, discussions of techniques of brainwashing were often accompanied by speculation both wild and grounded about how new technology may be used in the future and by whom. This paper covers three examples: Korean War military psychiatrists, the popular theories of William Sargant and the field of experimental research known broadly as sensory deprivation. It concludes with some observations about current concerns about psychological manipulation in the digital age and the role psychology expertise plays in navigating these concerns.

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11

Zablocki, Benjamin D. "Exit Cost Analysis: A New Approach to the Scientific Study of Brainwashing1." Nova Religio 1, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 216–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.1998.1.2.216.

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ABSTRACT: This is the second part of a two-part article about brainwashing. In the first part, published in the premier issue of this jounal, I discussed the history of this much maligned concept and attempted to rescue it from the fruitless culture wars in which it has become entangled. I offered a limited and precise definition of brainwashing with the goal of making it a useful concept in the social-psychological study of disaffiliation from religious movements. In this second installment, I attempt to complete the rehabilitation of brainwashing, transforming it from an ideological shibboleth to a carefully defined, limited, and useful sociological concept. The first step in this process is to reframe the concept as a tool for studying the neglected problem of religious disaffiliation. This involves theoretical reframing within the context of rational action theory and substantive reframing within the context of the investigation of external and internal costs of leaving a religious community. In contrast to some of the more grandiose claims sometimes made for brainwashing as the sole explanation of cult movement behavior, I argue instead that brainwashing is only one of the factors that need to be examined in order to understand the more general phenomenon of exit costs as a barrier to free religious choice. Reframed in this manner, I then go on to establish the scientific validity of this reframed concept. But a concept may be valid and still not be very useful if it refers to events that occur only rarely. Therefore I next go on to present evidence that there are events which occur fairly frequently in cult movements for which the brainwashing conjecture offers one plausible explanation. Next, I discuss four alternative conjectures that purport to explain much the same phenomena and demonstrate that the brainwashing conjecture holds its own with any of them. In the final section of this paper, I speculate about ways of going beyond mere conjectural plausibility to the development of a testable theory. I point to some directions for future research that may eventually allow us to identify the actual processes by which brainwashing brings about a significant and, at times, overwhelming increase in the cost of disaffiliating from religious communities.

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Zhang, Tingxuan. "Unmasking the Techniques of Modern Brainwashing: Understanding Influence in Today's Society." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 22 (November 26, 2023): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v22i.14223.

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In our contemporary fast-paced society, concerns regarding subtle manipulation tactics employed by various entities, including governments and businesses, have become increasingly prevalent. These concerns are exacerbated by the rise in fraudulent schemes that afflict individuals in areas such as education, health, and finances, contributing to widespread anxiety. The proliferation of smartphones, the internet, and data collection has further heightened the specter of fraud. This research endeavors to address these concerns by examining and categorizing prevalent brainwashing techniques. It aims to empower individuals to recognize and resist such tactics, enhancing their vigilance against potential traps. It is essential to note that the term "brainwashing" is not inherently negative, as various forms of influence, including media, can also be labeled as brainwashing. Therefore, there is a need to mitigate excessive anxiety related to brainwashing and acknowledge that everything in life carries some degree of influence. The study categorizes common brainwashing methods into five key areas: conformity, psychological support, physical support, yielding profits, and physical assault. Each method is analyzed in detail, shedding light on the mechanisms that render individuals susceptible to manipulation. Notably, the method of physical assault, despite being one of the most disturbing and pervasive, remains widely employed in various institutions, including schools and families.

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13

Anonymous. "SUBLIMINAL SOFTWARE: BRAINWASHING COMPUTER." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 23, no. 1 (January 1985): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19850101-10.

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14

Shorrock, Ruby. "Vegans aren’t ‘brainwashing’ people." Veterinary Record 183, no. 6 (August 9, 2018): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.k3466.

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15

Galizia, C. G. "NEUROSCIENCE: Brainwashing, Honeybee Style." Science 317, no. 5836 (July 20, 2007): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1144895.

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16

Kipnis, Jonathan. "The anatomy of brainwashing." Science 385, no. 6707 (July 26, 2024): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adp1705.

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17

Takdir, Mohammad. "INDOCTRINATION AND BRAINWASHING PROCESS IN THE CASE OF TERRORISM: A PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SUICIDE BOMBING IN SURABAYA, EAST JAVA." AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/akademika.v25i1.1990.

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This paper analyses the process of indoctrination and brainwashing in the case of terrorism. This study uses a psychological approach to uncover the suicide bombing case in Surabaya which has happened in Mei 2018. By using a case study, this research effort to understand deeply the psychological phenomenon that encourages terrorists to invite their families like suicide bombers. This research shows that the indoctrination process is done by giving video on jihad. This indoctrination process is an important stage in the cultivation of radical ideologies through pre-radicalization, self-identification, and jihadization. In this study, it was found that there are some stages of brainwashing for suicide bombers, namely the recruitment process, the indoctrination stage, and the isolation to do an attack of suicide bombing. Key Word: Brainwashing, Indoctrination, Suicide Bombing, Terrorism

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18

Zablocki, Benjamin. "THE BLACKLISTING OF A CONCEPT: THE STRANGE HISTORY OF THE BRAINWASHING CONJECTURE IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION**." Nova Religio 1, no. 1 (October 1, 1997): 96–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.1997.1.1.96.

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ABSTRACT: This is the first part of a two-part article on the concept of brainwashing in the study of new religious movements (NRMs). The use of this term has become so emotionally charged that scholars find it difficult to discuss its merits and scientific utility with calmness and objectivity. I devote Part One of this article to an examination of the cultural and structural sources of an extreme polarization that has occurred among scholars of new religious movements. I argue that a majority faction within the discipline has acted with a fair degree of success to block attempts to give the concept of brainwashing a fair scientific trial. This campaign has resulted in a distortion of the original meaning of the concept so that it is generally looked at as having to do with manipulation in recruitment of new members to religious groups. Its historically consistent use, on the contrary, should be in connection with the manipulation of exit costs for veteran members. In Part Two of this paper (to be published in a later issue of this journal), I go on to examine the epistemological status of the brainwashing concept and compare theories based on brainwashing to alternative theories accounting for patterns of switching out of new religious movements.

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19

Seed, David. "Brainwashing and Cold War Demonology." Prospects 22 (October 1997): 535–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300000223.

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In November 1949 the Hungarian government announced the trial for espionage of the American I.T.&T. executive Robert A. Vogeler. At the beginning of the following year Vogeler pleaded guilty and was sentenced to fifteen years imprisonment. For a while his case became a cause célèbre to the extent that the U.S. government threatened to break of diplomatic relations with Hungary. Vogeler was released in 1951 after a deal between the two governments. With the case of Cardinal Mindszenty fresh in the public memory reports had been emerging that Vogeler had been subjected to a coercion tantamount to torture, which he himself confirmed in his memoir, I Was Stalin's Prisoner (1952), which was published the same year as Whittaker Chambers's Witness. This was no mere coincidence. Reviewing the latter work John Dos Passos threw out dark hints that the authenticity of both memoirs was being confirmed by a Communist-inspired smear campaign against the two writers. Vogeler had been subjected unwittingly to a process that was on the verge of being named. He recalled how he had been reduced to exhaustion and despair by sleep deprivation and by isolation from any American contacts. The result was a splintering of his consciousness into two entities: “A new personality was struggling to take command of my body, a personality that was prepared to do everything that No. 1 suggested. But my old personality — or perhaps it was merely the instinct of self-preservation — still held its ground”.

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20

McGuire, P. C., G. C. Littlewort, and J. Rafelski. "Brainwashing random asymmetric “neural” networks." Physics Letters A 160, no. 3 (November 1991): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(91)90773-2.

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21

Lie, Merete. "Brainwashing: Taking Another Turn with Biology." NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 19, no. 1 (March 2011): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2010.547837.

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22

Suedfeld, Peter. "Brainwashing in the name of diversity." Academic Questions 10, no. 2 (June 1997): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-997-1068-2.

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23

Holmes, Marcia. "Brainwashing the cybernetic spectator: The Ipcress File, 1960s cinematic spectacle and the sciences of mind." History of the Human Sciences 30, no. 3 (July 2017): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695117703295.

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This article argues that the mid-1960s saw a dramatic shift in how ‘brainwashing’ was popularly imagined, reflecting Anglo-American developments in the sciences of mind as well as shifts in mass media culture. The 1965 British film The Ipcress File (dir. Sidney J. Furie, starr. Michael Caine) provides a rich case for exploring these interconnections between mind control, mind science and media, as it exemplifies the era’s innovations for depicting ‘brainwashing’ on screen: the film’s protagonist is subjected to flashing lights and electronic music, pulsating to the ‘rhythm of brainwaves’. This article describes the making of The Ipcress File’s brainwashing sequence and shows how its quest for cinematic spectacle drew on developments in cybernetic science, multimedia design and modernist architecture (developments that were also influencing the 1960s psychedelic counter-culture). I argue that often interposed between the disparate endeavours of 1960s mind control, psychological science and media was a vision of the human mind as a ‘cybernetic spectator’: a subject who scrutinizes how media and other demands on her sensory perception can affect consciousness, and seeks to consciously participate in this mental conditioning and guide its effects.

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Malik, Rajeshwari, Jyoti Paul, and Parul Deshwal. "Neuromarketing: The Modern Science of Consumer Brainwashing." Effulgence-A Management Journal 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33601/effulgence.rdias/v10/i1/2012/57-62.

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25

Hassan, Steven. "Brainwashing young people into violent extremist cults." Freedom from Fear 2017, no. 13 (July 19, 2017): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/d37f4d01-en.

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26

Tanchuk, Nicolas, Tomas Rocha, and Marc Krus. "Is Comprehensive Liberal Social Justice Education Brainwashing?" Philosophy of Education 77, no. 2 (2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47925/77.2.044.

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27

Haikal, Husain. "Brainwashing dalam Dinamika Relasi Agama dan Negara." Millah 10, no. 2 (February 23, 2011): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol10.iss2.art9.

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28

Bessner, Daniel. "Human Programming: Brainwashing, Automatons, and American Unfreedom." Journal of American History 105, no. 2 (September 1, 2018): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jay258.

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29

Richardson, J. T. "Cult/Brainwashing Cases and Freedom of Religion." Journal of Church and State 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/33.1.55.

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30

Schmidtke, Edward R. "Cold War Captives: imprisonment, escape, and brainwashing." Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 30, no. 2 (June 2010): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01439681003779184.

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31

Introvigne, Massimo. "Advocacy, brainwashing theories, and new religious movements." Religion 44, no. 2 (February 21, 2014): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0048721x.2014.888021.

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32

Smith, Larry J. "Selling Green: Environmental Education or Environmental Brainwashing?" Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies 20, no. 2 (January 1998): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1071441980200203.

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33

Leistedt, Samuel J. "Aspects comportementaux du terrorisme : BrainWashing et radicalisation." Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique 175, no. 3 (March 2017): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2017.01.018.

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34

Læborg, Mette Hee. "Nordkoreanske migranter i Kina. Konversion og socialt pres." Religionsvidenskabeligt Tidsskrift, no. 63 (November 20, 2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/rt.v0i63.22553.

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Since the 1980s coercive persuasion has been scrutinized by sociologists in response to the preceeding discourse on supposed 'brainwashing' methods claimed to be utilized by new religious movements. The sociological consensus was that ‘brainwashing' and coercion rarely occur in religious conversion but this debate is revoked in light of Christian organizations' involvement with North Koreans in China. In China, North Koreans live under stressful conditions as illegal migrants exposed to criminal actions, while living under the threat of deportation. Christian organizations provide shelter, security and organize plights to a third country, if desired and possible, thus having a humanitarian functionality. The paper will argue that North Koreans in China, convert under grave social pressures as a result of well-organized religious groups, their availability, and social forces from the external world.

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35

Williams, Charlie. "On ‘modified human agents’: John Lilly and the paranoid style in American neuroscience." History of the Human Sciences 32, no. 5 (October 9, 2019): 84–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695119872094.

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The personal papers of the neurophysiologist John C. Lilly at Stanford University hold a classified paper he wrote in the late 1950s on the behavioural modification and control of ‘human agents’. The paper provides an unnerving prognosis of the future application of Lilly’s research, then being carried out at the National Institute of Mental Health. Lilly claimed that the use of sensory isolation, electrostimulation of the brain, and the recording and mapping of brain activity could be used to gain ‘push-button’ control over motivation and behaviour. This research, wrote Lilly, could eventually lead to ‘master-slave controls directly of one brain over another’. The paper is an explicit example of Lilly’s preparedness to align his research towards Cold War military aims. It is not, however, the research for which Lilly is best known. During the 1960s and 1970s, Lilly developed cult status as a far-out guru of consciousness exploration, promoting the use of psychedelics and sensory isolation tanks. Lilly argued that, rather than being used as tools of brainwashing, these techniques could be employed by the individual to regain control of their own mind and retain a sense of agency over their thoughts and actions. This article examines the scientific, intellectual, and cultural relationship between the sciences of brainwashing and psychedelic mind alteration. Through an analysis of Lilly’s autobiographical writings, I also show how paranoid ideas about brainwashing and mind control provide an important lens for understanding the trajectory of Lilly’s research.

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Woody, William, Jill Payne, Kathryn LaFary, David Gretz, and Charles Roseblum. "Investigating Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation: Recognizing the Legacy of the Cold War." International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation 1, no. 1 (2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54208/ooo1/1000.

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In this manuscript, the authors examine the Cold War roots of the movement to study groups that engage in undue influence. In particular, the authors consider the transitions of some scholars directly from Cold War brainwashing research to the study of these groups and also the activities of researchers who did not directly address groups but established enduring foundations in this field. The authors also consider expert testimony in both the Hearst trial and a government program, the Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape training program, which brought together disparate scholars to address these ideas. The authors then examine the influence of developments in social psychology on approaches to Cold War brainwashing and its connection to the later literature about groups that may use undue influence. The paper concludes with a review of strengths and limitations from this literature that remain in the study of these groups.

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37

Hamilton, Malcolm, and Eileen Barker. "The Making of a Moonie: Brainwashing or Choice." British Journal of Educational Studies 34, no. 1 (February 1986): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3120971.

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Wilson, B. R., and Eileen Barker. "The Making of a Moonie: Brainwashing or Choice?" British Journal of Sociology 36, no. 2 (June 1985): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/590812.

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Stark, Rodney, and Eileen Barker. "The Making of a Moonie: Brainwashing or Choice?" Contemporary Sociology 15, no. 2 (March 1986): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071746.

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40

Leavitt, Harold J. "Socializing Our MBAs: Total Immersion? Managed Cultures? Brainwashing?" California Management Review 33, no. 4 (July 1991): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41166677.

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41

Bird, Frederick, and Eileen Barker. "The Making of a Moonie: Brainwashing or Choice?" Sociological Analysis 46, no. 4 (1985): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3711163.

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42

Shames, Morris L., and Eileen Barker. "The Making of a Moonie: Choice or Brainwashing?" Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 25, no. 3 (September 1986): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1386308.

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43

Snow, David A., and Lowell D. Streiker. "Mind-Bending: Brainwashing, Cults, and Deprogramming in the Eighties." Contemporary Sociology 14, no. 3 (May 1985): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071384.

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44

Suhardin, Suhardin, Nurhayati Nurhayati, and Ahmad Hunen. "Goodlooking Intention Milenial: Brainwashing Effect dan Literasi Jihad Rendah." Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 3585. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i7.3625.

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Radikalisme dan terorisme lebih menggambarkan tentang kasuistik, kejadian dan peristiwa yang tengah dialami, penelitian ini lebih menganalisis terkait dengan beberapa variabel yang mempengaruhi goodlooking intention kaum milenial, diantaranya intensitas literasi jihad, intensitas menulis tentang jihad dan pemahaman kaum milenial tentang jihad setelah mengalami brainwashing dalam proses mentoring yang dilakukan murabbi dalam kajian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keterkaitan antara variabel dengan goodlooking intention, diantaranya intensitas literasi jihad, intensitas menulis berkaitan dengan jihad dan pemahaman terhadap jihad. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif liserial yang menggambarkan dan menganalisis pengaruh antar variabel terhadap variabel yang lain, dengan menyasar empat puluh lima jamaah pengajian remaja masjid yang tergolong milenial. Hasil analisis inferensial yang dilakukan ditemukan bahwa brainwashing memiliki effect yang sangat signifikan terhadap goodlookingintention kaum milenial dibandingkan dengan variabel literasi jihad. Ternyata literasi jihad kaum milenial tergolong rendah, karena memang mereka diindoktrinasi harus mendengarkan semua yang disampaikan mentor, murabbi, dan ustadnya. Visi jihad kaum milenial akan dapat dibangun dengan baik dengan cara meningkatkan literasi berkaitan dengan jihad dari berbagai reffrensi standar dan penulis yang otoritatif di bidangnya, sehingga mereka memiliki pencerahan berkaitan dengan visi jihad yang sebenar-benarnya.

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Kennaway, J. "Musical Hypnosis: Sound and Selfhood from Mesmerism to Brainwashing." Social History of Medicine 25, no. 2 (October 5, 2011): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkr143.

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Jacobs, Janet, and Lowell D. Streiker. "Mind-Bending: Brainwashing, Cults, and Deprogramming in the '80s." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 24, no. 3 (September 1985): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1385827.

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Coates, Dominiek. "Significance and Purpose of the “Anti-Cult Movement” in Facilitating Disaffiliation From a New Religious Movement." International Journal for the Study of New Religions 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 213–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.v3i2.213.

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The current study investigates the experiences of 23 former members of New Religious Movements (NRMs) or cults with anti-cult practices and discourses in Australia. All the participants in this study report some involvement with anti-cult practices and/or engagement with brainwashing explanations of NRM affiliations; however, they describe the significance of these anti-cult resources for their sense of self in different ways. The findings suggests that for some former members anti-cult resources, in particular the brainwashing discourses, merely served as a convenient account through which to explain or justify their former NRM affiliation and manage embarrassment or possible stigmatisation, while for others these resources served an important identity function at a time of loss and uncertainty. These participants describe their involvement with anti-cult practices as a much needed identity resource in which they could anchor their sense of self following the dramatic loss of identity associated with NRM disaffiliation. To make sense of the variations in the way in which anti-cult practices and discourses informed the participants” sense of self Symbolic Interactionist understandings of the self are applied.

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Biela, Bening Salsa, and Muhammad Zainal Muttaqien. "PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION IN CULT-THEMED MOVIES: A SOCIO-PRAGMATIC STUDY." Mahakarya: Jurnal Mahasiswa Ilmu Budaya 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/msjcs.v4i1.5186.

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The practice of cults has been proven to be dangerous to the mental health of the victims. This study analyzed and demonstrated some samples of persuasive communication techniques used by cults in recruiting and brainwashing their members in a cult-themed movie and a cult documentary, as well as their effects on the victims and how the victims respond to them. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach, and the data were taken from Midsommar and The Sacrament. The 70 data in words and non-verbal gestures were analyzed with a sociopragmatic approach, particularly Perloff's persuasive communication techniques, Miller's persuasive communication effects, and Cialdini's six basic human tendencies in responding to persuasive communication. This study found that 1) persuasive communication in Midsommar was dominated by using the interpersonal persuasion technique, whereas in The Sacrament was dominated by using the exact message, 2) the shaping effect dominated both movies and 3) the liking tendency dominated both. This study hopes to give an understanding among the readers and society about how persuasive the cults use communication to recruit and brainwash their targets so that they would not fall into the danger of cults in real life Keywords: brainwashing; cult; movie; persuasive communication; socio-pragmatics

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Danet, Didier. "The cyber enemy: between the need for theory and brainwashing." Inflexions N° 28, no. 1 (2015): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/infle.028.0171.

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Wientzen, Timothy. "Human Programming: Brainwashing, Automatons, and American Unfreedom by Scott Selisker." Modernism/modernity 25, no. 3 (2018): 603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mod.2018.0042.

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