Academic literature on the topic 'Brainstem'

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Journal articles on the topic "Brainstem"

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Theodoroff, Sarah M., and James A. Kaltenbach. "The Role of the Brainstem in Generating and Modulating Tinnitus." American Journal of Audiology 28, no. 1S (April 22, 2019): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_aja-ttr17-18-0035.

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Purpose The purpose of this work is to present a perspective article summarizing ideas pertaining to the brainstem's role in generating and modulating tinnitus. It is organized in 4 sections: Part 1, the role of the brainstem as a tinnitus generator; Part 2, the role of the brainstem in modulating tinnitus; Part 3, the role of the brainstem in nonauditory comorbid conditions associated with tinnitus; and Part 4, clinical implications. In Part 1, well-established neurophysiological models are discussed providing the framework of evidence that auditory brainstem nuclei play a role in generating tinnitus. In Part 2, ideas are presented explaining modulatory effects on tinnitus related to underlying pathways originating from or projecting to brainstem auditory and nonauditory nuclei. This section addresses multiple phenomena including somatic-related, attention-mediated, and emotion-mediated changes in the tinnitus percept. In Part 3, the role of the brainstem in common nonauditory comorbidities that occur in patients with tinnitus is discussed. Part 4 presents clinical implications of these new ideas related to the brainstem's involvement in generating and modulating tinnitus. Impact Knowledge of the brainstem's involvement in generating and modulating tinnitus provides a context for health care professionals to understand the temporal relationship between tinnitus and common nonauditory comorbid conditions.
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Párraga, Richard Gonzalo, Lucas Loss Possatti, Raphael Vicente Alves, Guilherme Carvalhal Ribas, Uğur Türe, and Evandro de Oliveira. "Microsurgical anatomy and internal architecture of the brainstem in 3D images: surgical considerations." Journal of Neurosurgery 124, no. 5 (May 2016): 1377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.4.jns132778.

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OBJECT Brainstem surgery remains a challenge for the neurosurgeon despite recent improvements in neuroimaging, microsurgical techniques, and electrophysiological monitoring. A detailed knowledge of the microsurgical anatomy of the brainstem surface and its internal architecture is mandatory to plan appropriate approaches to the brainstem, to choose the safest point of entry, and to avoid potential surgical complications. METHODS An extensive review of the literature was performed regarding the brainstem surgical approaches, and their correlations with the pertinent anatomy were studied and illustrated through dissection of human brainstems properly fixed with 10% formalin. The specimens were dissected using the fiber dissection technique, under ×6 to ×40 magnification. 3D stereoscopic photographs were obtained (anaglyphic 3D) for better illustration of this study. RESULTS The main surgical landmarks and their relationship with the cerebellum and vascular structures were identified on the surface of the brainstem. The arrangements of the white matter (ascending and descending pathways as well as the cerebellar peduncles) were demonstrated on each part of the brainstem (midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata), with emphasis on their relationships with the surface. The gray matter, constituted mainly by nuclei of the cranial nerves, was also studied and illustrated. CONCLUSIONS The objective of this article is to review the microsurgical anatomy and the surgical approaches pertinent to the brainstem, providing a framework of its external and internal architecture to guide the neurosurgeon during its related surgical procedures.
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Chen, Lin, Tao Chen, Gengsheng Mao, Baodong Chen, Mingchang Li, Hongbo Zhang, Haitao Xi, et al. "Clinical neurorestorative therapeutic guideline for brainstem hemorrhage (2020 China version)." Journal of Neurorestoratology 8, no. 4 (2020): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26599/jnr.2020.9040024.

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Brainstem hemorrhage (mainly pontine hemorrhage caused by hypertension) has the clinical characteristics of acute onset, rapid progress, high mortality, and high disability rate. Due to the complexity of the brainstem’s anatomical structure and functional importance, it is generally recognized that brainstem treatment is difficult and risky, so it has been regarded as a restricted area of surgery. However, in recent years, continuous progress is being made in many areas, including microsurgical technology, stereotactic technology, robot-assisted surgery, neuroendoscopy, and theoretical and clinical practice of neurorestoration, aiding in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of brainstem hemorrhage injuries. The Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology (CANR; Preparatory) and the China Committee of International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR-China Committee) organized relevant experts to formulate this clinical guideline to diagnose and restore damaged nerves after brainstem hemorrhages, promote a standardized diagnosis, and neurorestoratologically treat this disease.
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Weiss, Alessandro, Paolo Perrini, Matteo De Notaris, Guadalupe Soria, Alarcon Carlos, Maura Castagna, Lodovico Lutzemberger, et al. "Endoscopic Endonasal Transclival Approach to the Ventral Brainstem: Anatomic Study of the Safe Entry Zones Combining Fiber Dissection Technique with 7 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Guided Neuronavigation." Operative Neurosurgery 16, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opy080.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Treatment of intrinsic lesions of the ventral brainstem is a surgical challenge that requires complex skull base antero- and posterolateral approaches. More recently, endoscopic endonasal transclival approach (EETA) has been reported in the treatment of selected ventral brainstem lesions. OBJECTIVE In this study we explored the endoscopic ventral brainstem anatomy with the aim to describe the degree of exposure of the ventral safe entry zones. In addition, we used a newly developed method combining traditional white matter dissection with high-resolution 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the same specimen coregistered using a neuronavigation system. METHODS Eight fresh-frozen latex-injected cadaver heads underwent EETA. Additional 8 formalin-fixed brainstems were dissected using Klingler technique guided by ultra-high resolution MRI. RESULTS The EETA allows a wide exposure of different safe entry zones located on the ventral brainstem: the exposure of perioculomotor zone requires pituitary transposition and can be hindered by superior cerebellar artery. The peritrigeminal zone was barely visible and its exposure required an extradural anterior petrosectomy. The anterolateral sulcus of the medulla was visible in most of specimens, although its close relationship with the corticospinal tract makes it suboptimal as an entry point for intrinsic lesions. In all cases, the use of 7T-MRI allowed the identification of tiny fiber bundles, improving the quality of the dissection. CONCLUSION Exposure of the ventral brainstem with EETA requires mastering surgical maneuvers, including pituitary transposition and extradural petrosectomy. The correlation of fiber dissection with 7T-MRI neuronavigation significantly improves the understanding of the brainstem anatomy.
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Oliveira, Francine Hehn de, Edson Rodrigues Neto, Mariana Kumaira Fonseca, André Silvestre Reitz da Costa, Marcio Aloisio Bezerra Cavalcanti Rockenbach, Renata dos Santos Padilha, Liana Lisboa Fernandez, and Arlete Hilbig. "Neurodegenerative changes in the brainstem and olfactory bulb in people older than 50 years old: a descriptive study." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 73, no. 7 (July 2015): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20150066.

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With the increase in life expectancy in Brazil, concerns have grown about the most prevalent diseases in elderly people. Among these diseases are neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Protein deposits related to the development of these diseases can pre-date the symptomatic phases by years. The tau protein is particularly interesting: it might be found in the brainstem and olfactory bulb long before it reaches the limbic cortex, at which point symptoms occur. Of the 14 brains collected in this study, the tau protein was found in the brainstems of 10 (71.42%) and in olfactory bulbs of 3 out 11. Of the 7 individuals who had a final diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 6 presented tau deposits in some region of the brainstem. Our data support the idea of the presence of tau protein in the brainstem and olfactory bulb in the earliest stages of AD.
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Kong, Lingmei, Gengpeng Lian, Wenbin Zheng, Huimin Liu, Haidu Zhang, and Ruowei Chen. "Effect of Alcohol on Diffuse Axonal Injury in Rat Brainstem: Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Aquaporin-4 Expression Study." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/798261.

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The aim of this study is to assess the effects of alcohol on traumatic brain injury by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and evaluate aquaporin-4(AQP4) expression changes in rat brainstems following acute alcohol intoxication with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). We further investigated the correlation between the AQP4 expression and DTI in the brain edema. Eighty-five rats were imaged before and after injury at various stages. DTI was used to measure brainstem apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA), with immunostaining being used to determine AQP4 expression. After acute alcoholism with DAI, ADC values of the brainstem first decreased within 6 h and then elevated. FA values began to decline by 1 h, reaching a minimum at 24 h after trauma. There was a negative correlation between ADC values and brainstem AQP4 expression at 6 h and positive correlation at 6 h to 24 h. Changes of ADC and FA values in DAI with acute alcoholism indicate the effects of ethanol on brain edema and the severity of axonal injury. The correlations between ADC values and the brainstem AQP4 expression at different time points suggest that AQP4 expression follows an adaptative profile to the severity of brain edema.
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Faught, E., and S. J. Oh. "Brainstem auditory evoked responses in brainstem infarction." Stroke 16, no. 4 (July 1985): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.16.4.701.

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Quester, Ralf, and Roland Schröder. "Topographic anatomy of the cochlear nuclear region at the floor of the fourth ventricle in humans." Journal of Neurosurgery 91, no. 3 (September 1999): 466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1999.91.3.0466.

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Object. The development of appropriate methods to stimulate the dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleus by means of an auditory brainstem implant in patients with acquired bilateral anacusis requires a detailed topoanatomical knowledge both of the location and extension of the nuclear surface in the fourth ventricle and lateral recess and of its variability. The goal of this study was to provide that information. Anatomically, it is possible to use a midline surgical approach to the fourth ventricle rather than the translabyrinthine and suboccipital routes of access used hitherto. This is especially useful if severe scarring, which occurs as a result of tumor removal in the cerebellopontine angle, make the orientation and placement of an auditory brainstem implant via a lateral surgical approach difficult. There have been only a few studies, involving single cases and small series of patients, in which the focus was the exact extension of the cochlear nuclei, whose microsurgically relevant position in relation to the surface structures is not known in detail.Methods. Landmarks that are important for the placement of an auditory brainstem implant through the fourth ventricle were examined and measured in a large series of 28 formalin-fixed human brainstems. In all cases, these examinations were supplemented by addition of a histological section series. For the first time values of unfixed fresh brainstem tissue were determined. Anatomical features are discussed with regard to their possible neurosurgical relevance, taking into account inter- and intraindividual variability.Conclusions. The midline approach would provide an opportunity to stimulate the whole area of the dorsal as well as the ventral cochlear nucleus with an auditory brainstem implant.
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Wongthida, Phonphimon, Matthew R. Schuelke, Christopher B. Driscoll, Timothy Kottke, Jill M. Thompson, Jason Tonne, Cathy Stone, et al. "Ad-CD40L mobilizes CD4 T cells for the treatment of brainstem tumors." Neuro-Oncology 22, no. 12 (May 27, 2020): 1757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa126.

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Abstract Background Diffuse midline glioma, formerly DIPG (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma), is the deadliest pediatric brainstem tumor with median survival of less than one year. Here, we investigated (i) whether direct delivery of adenovirus-expressing cluster of differentiation (CD)40 ligand (Ad-CD40L) to brainstem tumors would induce immune-mediated tumor clearance and (ii) if so, whether therapy would be associated with a manageable toxicity due to immune-mediated inflammation in the brainstem. Methods Syngeneic gliomas in the brainstems of immunocompetent mice were treated with Ad-CD40L and survival, toxicity, and immune profiles determined. A clinically translatable vector, whose replication would be tightly restricted to tumor cells, rAd-Δ24-CD40L, was tested in human patient–derived diffuse midline gliomas and immunocompetent models. Results Expression of Ad-CD40L restricted to brainstem gliomas by pre-infection induced complete rejection, associated with immune cell infiltration, of which CD4+ T cells were critical for therapy. Direct intratumoral injection of Ad-CD40L into established brainstem tumors improved survival and induced some complete cures but with some acute toxicity. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Ad-CD40L therapy induced neuroinflammatory immune responses associated with interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α. Therefore, to generate a vector whose replication, and transgene expression, would be tightly restricted to tumor cells, we constructed rAd-Δ24-CD40L, the backbone of which has already entered clinical trials for diffuse midline gliomas. Direct intratumoral injection of rAd-Δ24-CD40L, with systemic blockade of IL-6 and IL-1β, generated significant numbers of cures with readily manageable toxicity. Conclusions Virus-mediated delivery of CD40L has the potential to be effective in treating diffuse midline gliomas without obligatory neuroinflammation-associated toxicity.
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Scott, R. Michael. "Brainstem tumors." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 1, no. 5 (May 2008): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/ped/2008/1/5/381.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brainstem"

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Toward, Marie Ann. "Understanding brainstem microvessels in hypertension." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492621.

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Hypertension is associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Elevated sympathetic outflow and alterations in the baroreceptor reflex sensitivity may play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of high blood pressure. Previous work from this laboratory has demonstrated that endothelial derived genes are differentially expressed in key brainstem nuclei in hypertensive rats. In addition, angiotensin II acting at the nucleus tractus solitarii has been shown to attenuate the baroreflex through a vascular-neuronal signalling mechanism involving the release of nitric oxide. This evidence has led to the hypothesis that alterations in brainstem microvascular gene expression are causative to hypertension in animals and man.
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Tijssen, Hendrikus N. "Novel methods for brainstem FMRI." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ed8e4c4f-5152-44e4-936f-ccf6092d904b.

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The brainstem plays a crucial role in a great number of vital functions such as respiratory regulation, visual reflexes, and the perception of pain. The small size and close proximity of the nuclei requires high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI). However, brainstem FMRI using conventional gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GRE-EPI) techniques is challenging due to the increased signal dropout and geometric distortions in the brainstem. The primary aim of the work presented in this thesis was to investigate alternative methods for brainstem FMRI in order to overcome some of the challenges associated with single-shot GRE-EPI techniques. Towards this goal 3D segmented sequences were explored, which have the advantage that the size of the geometric distortions is not proportional to the resolution at which is scanned. In particular, two sequences were investigated: balanced steady-state free-precession (bSSFP) and spoiled gradient echo (SPGR). First, a set of experiments was conducted, in which each experiment aimed to isolate a limited range of sequence properties in order to characterize and assess the potential of the candidate sequences. It was found that bSSFP has better noise characteristics compared to GRE-EPI when applied with a 2D acquisition, but when 3D readouts were used the signal instabilities increased dramatically. Based on these findings, experiments that investigate the influence of multishot acquisitions on signal instabilities caused by physiological noise were performed. The signal instabilities were found to mainly originate from regions of CSF and blood and were highly correlated to the cardiac cycle. Several correction methods were explored and one method was identified to be implemented in vivo. A novel method that allows real-time cardiac synchronization of the k-space acquisition was developed. The developed methods used a custom parallel imaging reconstruction to allow for acquisition with a fixed volume frame rate, which is desirable for FMRI purposes. The method was found to reduce the signal instabilities in 3D SPGR and bSSFP significantly. A comprehensive assessment of two currently available retrospective correction techniques was conducted and their practicalities were compared. Recommendations are made to improve the robustness of the investigated correction methods. A novel optimization method was implemented, which was developed to determine the optimal regressor set for retrospective corrections. The method can be applied to image based as well as k-space based methods.
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Motts, Susan D. "Cholinergic circuitry in auditory brainstem." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1290120470.

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Chen, Zhixiong. "Brainstem Mechanisms Underlying Ingestion and Rejection." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1041523002.

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Marciszewski, Kasia. "Does Migraine Stem From the Brainstem?" Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21241.

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The exact neural mechanisms underlying migraine have been strongly debated for decades. It is well accepted the trigeminovascular system plays a role in migraine, however the precise neurobiological mechanism by which migraine attacks are initiated is presently unknown. Existing literature has demonstrated that even between attacks, the migraine brain differs from that of controls and has led to the current theory of migraine as a “cycling” brain disorder. This suggests that the changes observed in migraine are not fixed, but rather dynamic in nature, and that function, sensitivity and even anatomy of the brainstem may fluctuate throughout the migraine cycle. However, while the brainstem has been heavily implicated in migraine pathogenesis, it has been poorly studied by neural imaging investigations. Likewise, the spontaneous and episodic nature of migraines has made it difficult to study the migraine cycle in its entirety. As such, this thesis aimed to explore brainstem anatomy, functional connectivity, and sensitivity to noxious stimuli, in migraineurs across the entire migraine cycle. The investigations performed in this thesis, consistently revealed key brainstem pain-processing regions, such as the spinal trigeminal nucleus and periaqueductal grey matter, as having altered anatomy, functional connectivity, and sensitivity across the migraine cycle. Most intriguingly, these changes were most dramatically altered in the 24 hours immediately prior to migraine onset. This suggests the observed changes in these brainstem regions may underlie the processes causing migraine initiation. Furthermore, these changes were dynamic in nature, supporting the notion of a “cycling” migraine brain. This opens new avenues for migraine research which will hopefully lead to better prophylactic treatments, capable of controlling these fluctuations that underlie the disorder.
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Al-Rawas, Sami Farah Salim. "Brainstem cardio-respriratory functions in Rett syndrome." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405417.

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Mather, Nicole K. "The development of the major brainstem decussations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365330.

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Khorsandi, Mehdi. "Brainstem Gangliosides in Suddden Infant Death Syndrome." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504326/.

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Recent studies have shown that the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is related to abnormal control of respiration (Ischemic degeneration of the brainstem may play an important role in altered respiratory control leading to death). In our studies we have examined brainstem ganglioside compositions in samples derived from SIDS victims and appropriate controls. Gangliosides are acidic glycosphingolipids that contain sialic acid. The high concentration of gangliosides in the central nervous system (CNS) implies that these lipids play an important role in CNS function. Some studies have indicated that gangliosides may function as receptor site determinants or modifiers, and in neural transmission. In our studies we used the Tettamanti, et al methodology to extract gangliosides, and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and laser densitometry techniques for ganglioside analysis. The results of these analyses are being employed to establish lipid profile patterns to determine if there are significant variations in these lipid patterns between SIDS and control groups.
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Carey, Marc Brandon. "Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in anuran amphibians." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4267.

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In this study, I looked at the effects of sound level, temperature and dehydration/hypernatremia on the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) of four species of anuran amphibians (Rana pipiens, Rana catesbeiana, Bufo americanus and Bufo terrestris). The BAEP was used because it allowed me to monitor both the peripheral and central aspects of auditory nervous function simultaneously and over a long period of time.
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Felder, Shannon N. "Survey of Auditory Brainstem Response Referral Criteria." Scholar Commons, 2000. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1545.

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The primary objective of the project was to survey recognized “experts” in the field of neurodiagnostic audiology and practicing audiologists regarding their referral criteria and referral patterns for administering an auditory brainstem response test (ABR). For purposes of this study, “expert” was defined as any recognized audiologist with at least two or more publications and/or seminars in the field of auditory evoked potentials. Responses of experts and practicing audiologists were compared and contrasted to establish: a) if there was a standard referral pattern; b) what, if any, were the apparent critical components of referral patterns; and, c) whether or not current practice reflected the utilization of such critical components. The survey was designed to establish whether the respondent was practicing, in what type of practice setting, and how often ABRs were performed. Specificity and sensitivity of ABR outcomes was also requested. The survey was administered verbally, via telephone, to 3 experts and was sent via e-mail to 178 randomly selected audiologists in the United States. Of the latter 53 returned, 38 reported conducting ABRs. Thus, data analysis was reported on 38 respondents. The survey results did not reveal a consistent standard referral pattern. Critical components for referral were hypothesized based on the “expert” majority response. These include ABR referral based on the presence of: (1) asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss; (2) unilateral tinnitus; (3) positive reflex decay; and, (4) word recognition rollover. The majority of “non-expert” practitioners surveyed reported that these symptoms warranted consideration for referral, thus reflecting utilization of apparent critical components.
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Books on the topic "Brainstem"

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Jallo, George I., Mohammad Hassan A. Noureldine, and Nir Shimony, eds. Brainstem Tumors. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38774-7.

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Urban, Peter, and Louis R. Caplan, eds. Brainstem Disorders. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04203-4.

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Urbán, Péter. Brainstem Disorders. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Irvine, Dexter R. F. The Auditory Brainstem. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71057-5.

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G, Cruccu, and Hallett Mark, eds. Brainstem function and dysfunction. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005.

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1943-, Jacobson John T., ed. The Auditory brainstem response. San Diego, Calif: College-Hill Press, 1985.

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Feng, Huang Xu, ed. Atlas of the human brainstem. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995.

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1933-, Kunze Klaus, Zangemeister W. H, and Arlt A, eds. Clinical problems of brainstem disorders. Stuttgart: Thieme, 1986.

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Fishman, Zvi Hershel. Taste Coding in the Brainstem. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2019.

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Irvine, D. R. F. The auditory brainstem: A review of the structure and function of auditory brainstem processing mechanisms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Brainstem"

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Kobets, Andrew J., and James T. Goodrich. "History of Brainstem Glioma Surgery." In Brainstem Tumors, 1–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38774-7_1.

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Ahdab, Rechdi, Fateme Salehi, and Raghid Kikano. "Inflammatory and Infectious Lesions of the Brainstem." In Brainstem Tumors, 217–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38774-7_10.

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Shimony, Nir, David S. Hersh, and Frederick A. Boop. "Surgical Approaches to Mesencephalic (Midbrain) Tumors." In Brainstem Tumors, 247–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38774-7_11.

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Noureldine, Mohammad Hassan A., Nir Shimony, and George I. Jallo. "Surgical Approaches to Pontine Tumors." In Brainstem Tumors, 265–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38774-7_12.

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Bertalanffy, Helmut, Souvik Kar, and Christian Hartmann. "Surgical Approaches to Medullary Tumors." In Brainstem Tumors, 295–320. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38774-7_13.

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Warren, Katherine E. "Radiation and Chemotherapy for Brainstem Tumors." In Brainstem Tumors, 321–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38774-7_14.

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Zhou, Zhiping, and Mark M. Souweidane. "Future Therapies for Malignant Brainstem Tumors." In Brainstem Tumors, 347–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38774-7_15.

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Basma, Jaafar, Dom E. Mahoney, Andrei Tudose, Douglas Taylor, Kaan Yağmurlu, and Jeffrey Sorenson. "Anatomy of the Brainstem." In Brainstem Tumors, 41–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38774-7_2.

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Flores, Miguel A., Ari M. Blitz, Sachin K. Gujar, and Thierry A. G. M. Huisman. "Imaging of Brainstem Lesions." In Brainstem Tumors, 61–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38774-7_3.

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Tanrıkulu, Bahattin, and M. Memet Özek. "Clinical Presentation and Assessment for Brainstem Tumors." In Brainstem Tumors, 95–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38774-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Brainstem"

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Jacquin, Arnaud, Elvir Causevic, E. Roy John, and Leslie S. Prichep. "Optimal Denoising of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (Baer) for Automatic Peak Identification and Brainstem Assessment." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.259785.

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Jacquin, Arnaud, Elvir Causevic, E. Roy John, and Leslie S. Prichep. "Optimal Denoising of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (Baer) for Automatic Peak Identification and Brainstem Assessment." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4397755.

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Haq, Nandinee Fariah, Christina Zhang, Linlin Gao, Tianze Yu, and Martin J. McKeown. "Connectivity Based Functional Segmentation Of The Brainstem." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip42928.2021.9506263.

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Guo, Zhen-Ni, Ge Yang, Hong-Liang Zhang, Hang Jin, and Yi Yang. "Neurosyphilis presenting as brainstem encephalitis and myelitis." In International conference on Human Health and Medical Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/hhme130962.

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Irvine, A. W., S. Chatzis, and G. Tsechpenakis. "Which brainstem cells generate the respiration cycles?" In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2010.5490412.

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Hallak, B., S. Kaulitz, M. Cebulla, and R. Hagen. "Direct-Drive-Auditory Brainstem Response (DDS-ABR)." In Abstract- und Posterband – 90. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Digitalisierung in der HNO-Heilkunde. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1686386.

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Silva, Carlos Eduardo Dilen da, Allan Rubens Zucolloto, Bianca Castoldi Scuassante, and Luciano Stefanato Negrini. "Neurological examination as an impressive factor in the dizziness assessment." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.321.

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Context: Dizziness or vertigo is a very common clinical manifestation, usually of labyrinthic origin. However, an accurated neurological clinical examination is crucial for the diagnosis of central origin. Case report: D.F.A, 40 years old, female, white, Brazilian. She has been reportining of intense dizziness for a few months and relevant postural instability. She reports two previous hospitalizations, without a closed diagnosis, and is then referred to the specialist. On clinical examination, she had bilateral internuclear ophthalmoparesis and bidirectional nystagmus in her right eye. Requested magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the skull suggestive of demyelinating lesions in the wall of the fourth ventricle, pons and, especially, in transition between medulla oblongata and spinal cord, compatible with Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) with manifestations of trunk syndrome. After pulse therapy, she obtained a good clinical evolution, with the maintenance of sensory deficits as a result of the injury, but with significant improvement in bilateral ophthalmoparesis and balance. Some studies already report brainstem involvement in patients with NMO, describing the presence of brainstem´s signals. Conclusion: In the case in question, therefore, the patient remained for almost two months without an accurate diagnosis, being the neurological examination the crucial factor for the suggestion of a disease of central origin, reporting a case of onset NMO with of brainstem´s signals.
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Han, Chungmin, David Ress, Aurora I. Ramos Nunez, Natasha de la Rosa, Sheng Li, and James S. Sulzer. "Brainstem BOLD response to visual and acoustic stimuli." In 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175794.

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Alpsan, D., and O. Ozdamar. "Brainstem auditory evoked potential classification by backpropagation networks." In 1991 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IEEE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1991.170571.

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Fatehi, Mostafa, Zakariya Vawda, and Gary Redekop. "Primary Neurolymphomatosis in the Cavernous Sinus and the Brainstem." In 29th Annual Meeting North American Skull Base Society. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1679680.

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Reports on the topic "Brainstem"

1

Carey, Marc. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in anuran amphibians. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6151.

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Ziegler, Michelle. The interaction of stimulus rate and polarity effects on the auditory brainstem response. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5841.

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He, Lin, Dongjie He, Yuhong Qi, Jiejing Zhou, Canliang Yuan, Hao Chang, Qiming Wang, Gaiyan Li, and Qiuju Shao. Stereotactic biopsy for brainstem lesions: A meta-analysis with non-comparative binary data. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0034.

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Merry, Kathryn. The use of auditory brainstem responses in determining the maximum outputs of hearing aids. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5790.

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Wang, Felix, James Bradley Aimone, Srideep Musuvathy, and Abrar Anwar. BrainSLAM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1569159.

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Ahmed AlGarf, Yasmine. Harnessing the Power of the Collective: The Women’s Handicrafts Production Cooperative in Aswan, Egypt. Oxfam IBIS, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7857.

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The Women’s Handicrafts Production Cooperative is a success story that has transformed the lives of its members, who had been finding it hard to obtain employment. They are now focused on creating their own enterprise. Started in 2018, today the cooperative’s membership has expanded tenfold and created employment opportunities by using the principles of social solidarity economy and collective business models. The Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) project in Egypt, developed in partnership with the Better Life Association for Community Development (BLACD), provided technical training to the cooperative in handicrafts production, as well as life skills training, to empower the workers to continue despite all the societal pressure for them to give up. Assistance from BLACD came in when it was needed. Particularly during the COVID-19 crisis, with the tourism market shut down, BLACD has provided crucial technical advice and support, supporting the cooperative to brainstorm and identify several parallel income-generating activities. This case study contains some testimonies from members of the cooperative on how their collective strength was harnessed to create employment and income.
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Shapovalov, Yevhenii B., Viktor B. Shapovalov, Fabian Andruszkiewicz, and Nataliia P. Volkova. Analyzing of main trends of STEM education in Ukraine using stemua.science statistics. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3883.

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STEM-education is a modern effective approach that nowadays can be interpreted in very different ways and it even has some modification (STEM/STEAM/STREAM). Anyway, the “New Ukrainian school” concept includes approaches similar to STEM-education. However, there wasn’t analyzed the current state of STEM-education in Ukraine. We propose to analyses it by using SEO analysis of one of the most popular STEM-oriented cloud environment in Ukraine stemua.science. It is proposed to use the cycle for cloud-based educational environments (publishing/SEO analysis/team’s brainstorm/prediction/creation of further plan) to improve their efficiency. It is found, that STEM-based and traditional publications are characterized by similar demand of educational process stakeholders. However, the way how teachers and students found the publication proves that traditional keywords (47.99 %) used significantly more common than STEM keywords (2.67 %). Therefore, it is proved that STEM-methods are less in demand than traditional ones. However, considering the huge positive effect of the STEM method, stemua.science cloud educational environment provides a positive effect on the educational process by including the STEM-aspects during finding traditional approaches of education by stakeholders of the educational process.
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Ainul, Sigma, Eashita Haque, K. G. Santhya, and Ubaidur Rob. Assessment of overseas labor migration systems in Bangladesh. Population Council, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2022.1039.

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Bangladesh is a significant labor-sending country, with about 7.8 million Bangladeshis working abroad. Major destinations for migrant workers are the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Female migrants represent 12 percent of the migration flow, with a majority engaged as domestic workers. Migration to GCC countries is characterized by short-term temporary migration, migration of low- and semi-skilled workers, laborers with low literacy level, debt-financed migration, and often migration through unofficial channels. The overseas labor recruitment industry often leaves migrants susceptible to human trafficking, forced labor, and modern slavery. Also, many migrants return empty-handed and with huge debt. The Population Council in partnership with the Global Fund to End Modern Slavery (GFEMS) undertook a study to better understand survivors’ and stakeholders’ perspectives on the kinds of policies, programs, and initiatives that could facilitate safer overseas labor migration for Bangladeshi migrant workers. A qualitative study was conducted with returned migrants in Faridpur and Munshiganjs, Bangladesh. These locations also served as an assessment of an intervention for economic and social reintegration. A stakeholder consultation provided an opportunity for participants to reflect on the study findings and brainstorm about research, program gaps, and recommendations.
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