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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Brain wiring'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Murphy, Alexander James. "RNA and Protein Networks That Locally Control Brain Wiring During Development." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467385.

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The molecular machineries of growth cones control the formation of neural circuits in the developing brain. Although great progress has been made in elucidating axon guidance cues and their growth cone receptors, we still lack an understanding of the projection-specific RNA and protein networks in growth cones that likely control the wiring of specific circuits in vivo. To understand how specific projection neurons make wiring decisions, I focus on callosal projection neurons (CPN), which connect the two cerebral hemispheres through the corpus callosum. I developed an approach to profile and quantify the full-depth transcriptomes and proteomes of CPN growth cones and their parent cell bodies isolated in vivo. Using this comparative approach, I uncover general patterns of RNA and protein subcellular localization, with several previously unrecognized features, that might control the wiring of specific brain circuits. First, while most transcripts are expressed at similar levels in cell bodies and growth cones, a select subset are more than 10-fold enriched in growth cones compared to cell bodies, indicating active localization of those transcripts to the growth cone. By then correlating transcriptomic and proteomic data, I characterize the spatial relationship between coding transcripts and their encoded proteins. Intriguingly, many of the growth cone-enriched transcripts are noncoding RNA with unknown function. Further, growth cones appear to have distinct ribosomes. These ribosomes lack several large subunit proteins, raising the intriguing possibility of growth cone-specific translational mechanisms for selective mRNA expression. This approach is readily adaptable to other projection types in the brain, enabling high-throughput, quantitative investigation of RNA and protein controls over circuit development and, potentially, the regeneration of damaged circuitry. In addition, the approach is scalable to include epigenetic profiling, enabling full investigation of DNA, RNA, and protein networks that collectively coordinate brain wiring during development. The insights derived from this approach exemplify its capacity to quantify and characterize the molecular and translational mechanisms that control specific brain wiring at the subcellular level in vivo.
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2

Espinosa, Juan Sebastian. "Genetic mosaic analysis of lineage and activity in wiring the mouse brain /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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3

Khandelwal, Avinash 1987. "The wiring diagram of antennal lobe and mapping a brain circuit that controls chemotaxis behavior in the Drosophila larva." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663806.

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Drosophila larvae present unique opportunity for anatomical and functional mapping of their nervous system because of features such as numerical simplicity of neurons its nervous system is composed of, and ability to exhibit quantifiable behaviors such as chemotaxis. Here, we mapped entire antennal lobe of larval Drosophila with one of its circuits responsible for controlling sensorimotor transformation in lateral horn (LH) (higher brain) through a single brain descending neuron using electron microscopic 3D reconstruction. In antennal lobe, we reported a canonical circuit with uniglomerular projection neurons (uPNs), working to relay gain-controlled ORN activity to higher brain centers like Mushroom body and lateral horn. We also found a parallel circuit with multiglomerular projection neurons (mPNs) and hierarchically organized local neurons (LNs) selectively integrating signal from multiple ORNs at the first synapse with LN-LN connectivity putatively implementing gain control mechanism that can potentially switch from computing distinguished odor signals through panglomerular inhibition to allowing system to respond to faint aversive odor in an environment rich with strong appetitive odors. We also reconstructed and studied one of the olfactory connected circuits in the LH that was found to be influencing chemotaxis behavior in larva through a single brain descending neuron, PVM027. We found that this neuron was responsible in controlling stop response of chemotaxis behavior. EM reconstruction revealed its connection with variety of motor systems and SEZ descending neurons in the VNC. Connections were revealed with the peristaltic wave propagation circuit of larva, and PVM027 was found to be implementing stop by terminating and ceasing the origin of forward peristaltic waves.
Las larvas de Drosophila ofrecen una oportunidad única para el mapeo anatómico y funcional de su sistema nervioso debido a propiedades como la simplicidad numérica de neuronas que componen su sistema nervioso y su habilidad de exhibir comportamientos cuantificables como la quimiotaxis. En este estudio hemos mapeado el lóbulo antenal de la larva de Drosophila con uno de sus circuitos responsable de controlar la transformación sensorial-motora en el asta lateral (LH) (cerebro superior) a través de una sola neurona descendiente usando la reconstrucción 3D para microscopia electrónica. Hemos presentado, en el lóbulo antenal, un circuito canónico con proyecciones neuronales uniglomerulares (uPNs) responsables de transmitir aumentos controlados de actividad desde sus ORN* hasta centros superiores del cerebro como el cuerpo fungiforme y el asta lateral del protocerebro. Hemos descubierto también un circuito paralelo formado por neuronas con proyecciones multiglomerulares (mPNs) y neuronas locales (Lns), organizadas jerárquicamente, que integran selectivamente señales desde múltiples ORNs a nivel de primera sinapsis con conectividad LN-LN implementando aparentemente un mecanismo de aumento de control que potencialmente puede intercambiar señales olfativas distintas computacionalmente a través de inhibición panglomerular permitiendo al sistema responder a olores vagamente aversivos en un ambiente rico en fuertes olores apetitosos. También hemos reconstruido y estudiado uno de los circuitos olfativos que conectan con el LH conocido por influenciar la quimiotaxis de la larva a través de un sola neurona cerebral descendiente, la PVM027. Hemos descubierto que dicha neurona es la responsable de controlar la respuesta stop en el comportamiento de quimiotaxis. La reconstrucción por EM revela su conexión con una variedad de sistemas motores así como neuronas descendientes SEZ en el VNC. Observamos dichas conexiones gracias al circuito de propagación de onda peristáltica de la larva, y descubrimos que la PVM027 implementa la señal de stop terminando e interrumpiendo el origen de la onda peristáltica.
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4

Eichler, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Mnemonic architecture of a mini-brain : determining the wiring diagram of the larval mushroom body of Drosophila melanogaster using EM reconstruction / Katharina Eichler." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142788571/34.

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5

Hasche, Anja. "Bindung von ATP an die Neurotrophine NGF und BDNF als Voraussetzung für ihre neuroprotektive Wirkung." Münster Schüling, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989241386/04.

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6

Pruskil, Susanne. "Die neurotoxische Wirkung der Zytostatika Cyclophosphamid und Thiotepa im infantilen Gehirn der Ratte." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15439.

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Die Entwicklung neuer Medikamente und Therapieverfahren wie die Hochdosischemotherapie und die Möglichkeit der Stammzelletransplantation haben die Heilungschance krebskranker Kinder in den letzen Jahrzehnten enorm verbessert. Aus diesem Grund erlangt die Berücksichtigung der Spätfolgen der Therapie eine größere Bedeutung. Es wurden die Zytostatika Cyclophosphamid und Thiotepa auf ihre Neurotoxizität im infantilen Rattengehirn untersucht. Dazu wurde Ratten im Alter von 7, 14, 21 oder 28 Tagen Cyclophosphamid (200-600mg/kg) oder Thiotepa (15-45 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injiziert. Nach einer Überlebenszeit von 4-24 Stunden wurden die Tiere getötet. Die Dichte degenerierter Zellen wurde lichtmikroskopisch in den nach De Olmos gefärbten Hirnschnitten mit Hilfe des stereologischen Dissektors ermittelt. Weiterhin wurden eine TUNEL-Färbung, elektronenmikroskopische sowie eine immunhistochemische Untersuchung für Caspase 3 und den Fas Rezeptor durchgeführt. Die Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Versuchsgruppen wurde mit Hilfe des Student`s t-Test auf ihre Signifikanz hin überprüft. Die Untersuchungen zur Zeit und Dosisabhängigkeit wurde mit Hilfe der ermittelten Gesamtscores und der Varianzanalyse (ANOVA) überprüft. Diese Untersuchung zeigte, dass eine Exposition mit den Zytostatika Cyclophosphamid und Thiotepa altersabhängig zu ausgeprägten Zellschädigungen im Gehirn führt. Besonders ausgeprägte Zelluntergänge fanden sich im Cortex, den thalamischen Kerngebieten, und dem Hippocampus. Ultrastrukturell ließen sich bereits kurz nach der Applikation des Zytostatikums anschwellende Dendriten als Hinweis auf einen exzitotoxischen Zelltodmechanismus nachweisen. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigten sich bei Tieren mit längerer Lebensdauer nach Exposition gegenüber dem Zytostatikum typische ultrastrukturelle Veränderungen wie man sie bei apoptotischem Zelltod finden kann. Mit dieser Untersuchung konnte gezeigt werden, dass die neurotoxische Wirkung der Zytostatika Cyclophosphamid und Thiotepa eine exzitotoxische und eine apoptotische Komponente aufweist.
Survival rates for children with cancer have increased dramatically over the past few decades. The expanded use of older agents, the development of new chemotherapeutic agents, the introduction of high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation regimen have had a major impact on this improvement. These positive results have also focused increased attention on post-therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs. To investigate whether common cytotoxic drugs cause neurotoxic effects in the developing rat brain the following alkylated agents were administered to 7-day-old rats: cyclophosphamide (200–600mg/kg IP) and thiotepa (15– 45mg/kg IP). The brains were analysed at 4 to 24 hours. Quantitation of brain damage was performed in De Olmos cupric silver-stained sections using the stereological dissector method. Furthermore electron microscopy on plastic sections, TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry for activated caspase 3 and Fas receptor was performed. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Student´s t test or one-way analysis of variance with subsequent pairwise comparison (Scheffé-test). Cytotoxic drugs produced widespread lesions within cortex, thalamus, hippocampal dentate gyrus, and caudate nucleus in a dose-dependent fashion. Early histological analysis demonstrated dendritic swelling and relative preservation of axonal terminals, which are morphological features indicating excitotoxicity. After longer survival periods, degenerating neurons displayed morphological features consistent with active cell death. These results demonstrate that anticancer drugs are potent neurotoxins in vivo; they activate excitotoxic mechanisms but also trigger active neuronal death.
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7

Miksa, Michael. "N-Methyl-D-Aspartat-Antagonisten induzierten apoptotische Zelluntergänge im Gehirn junger Ratten." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15030.

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Der wichtigste exzitatorische Neurotransmitter Glutamat spielt eine grosse Rolle in der Gehirnentwicklung, wie neuronale Migration und Synaptogenese. Ob glutamaterge Stimulation für das Überleben entwickelnder Neuronen notwendig ist, war bislang jedoch unbekannt. Um zu untersuchen, ob eine Hemmung von Glutamatrezeptoren im unreifen Gehirn zu Neurodegeneration führt, wurden Ratten im Alter von 1 bis 31 Tagen für 24 Stunden mit dem N-Methyl-D-Aspartat-(NMDA) Glutamatrezeptorantagonisten Dizocilpin (MK801) behandelt. Die Dichte neuronaler Degeneration wurde mikroskopisch in Kupfer-Silber- und TUNEL- gefärbten Hirnschnittpräparaten ermittelt und Unterschiede mittels ANOVA analysiert (Signifikanzniveau p
The predominant excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate plays a major role in certain aspects of neural development. However, whether developing neurons depend on glutamate for survival remains unknown. To investigate if deprivation of glutamate stimulation in the immature mammalian brain causes neuronal cell death (apoptosis), rat pups aged 0 to 30 days were treated for 24 hours with dizocilpine maleate (MK801), an N-methyl-D-aspartate-(NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist. Density of neural degeneration was evaluated by a stereological dissector method in cupric-silver and TUNEL-stained brain slices. Groups were compared by ANOVA and significance considered at p
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8

Braun, Ariane [Verfasser], Michael Gutachter] Bucher, Oliver [Gutachter] Thews, and Markus A. [Gutachter] [Weigand. "Die Wirkung selektiver Cyclooxygenase-1- und Cyclooxygenase-2-Inhibition auf die Expression renaler Transporter für organische Anionen und die Nierenfunktion nach Ischämie und Reperfusion im Rattenmodell / Ariane Braun ; Gutachter: Michael Bucher, Oliver Thews, Markus A. Weigand." Halle (Saale) : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:4-1981185920-331968.

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9

Braun, Ariane [Verfasser], Michael [Gutachter] Bucher, Oliver [Gutachter] Thews, and Markus A. [Gutachter] Weigand. "Die Wirkung selektiver Cyclooxygenase-1- und Cyclooxygenase-2-Inhibition auf die Expression renaler Transporter für organische Anionen und die Nierenfunktion nach Ischämie und Reperfusion im Rattenmodell / Ariane Braun ; Gutachter: Michael Bucher, Oliver Thews, Markus A. Weigand." Halle (Saale) : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1210727382/34.

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10

Mantovani, Michela [Verfasser], and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Schubert. "Modulation of neocortical neurotransmissions by antidepressants and neuromodulatory drugs in human and rodent brain tissue and effect of electrical high-frequency stimulation in human neocortex = Modulation der Neokortikalen Neurotransmissionen durch Antidepressiva und Neuromodulatorische Substanzen im Hirngewebe von Menschen und Nagetieren und Wirkung der elektrischen Hochfrequenzstimulation im menschlichen Neokortex." Freiburg : Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1123472971/34.

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11

Millett, David. "Wiring the brain : from the excitable cortex to the EEG, 1870-1940 /." 2001. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3006538.

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12

Lin, Chih-Yung, and 林志勇. "A Comprehensive Wiring Diagram of the Protocerebral Bridge for Visual Information Processing in the Drosophila Brain." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87753952395475441268.

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博士
國立清華大學
生物科技研究所
101
How the brain perceives sensory information and generates meaningful behavior depends critically on its underlying circuitry. The protocerebral bridge (PB) is a major part of the insect central complex (CX), a pre-motor center may be analogous to the human basal ganglia. Here, by deconstructing hundreds of PB single neurons and reconstructing them into a common 3D framework, we have constructed a comprehensive map of PB circuits with labeled polarity and predicted directions of information flow. Our analysis reveals a highly-ordered information processing system that involves directed information flow among CX subunits through 194 distinct PB neuron types. Circuitry properties such as mirror, convergence, divergence, tiling, reverberation and parallel signal propagation were observed; their functional and evolutional significances were discussed. This layout of PB neuronal circuitry may provide guidelines for further investigations on transformation of sensory (e.g. visual) input into locomotion command in fly brains.
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13

Ng, David. "Wiring the brain with Neto1: A multivalent NMDA receptor interacting CUB domain protein with essential roles in axon guidance, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependant spatial learning and memory." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=449915&T=F.

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14

Mahn, Brian [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur Wirkung der Phenylacetylsäure auf die iNOS- Expression bei chronisch niereninsuffizienten Patienten / von Brian Mahn." 2006. http://d-nb.info/985017791/34.

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15

Braun, Andrea [Verfasser]. "Die Wirkung von Benzocain auf die Perzeption intraluminaler Dehnungsreize im menschlichen Rektum / vorgelegt von Andrea Braun." 2003. http://d-nb.info/970626940/34.

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