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Books on the topic 'Brain variability'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Patrick, McNamara. Mind and variability: Mental Darwinism, memory, and self. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1999.

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2

McNamara, Patrick. Mind and variability: Mental Darwinism, memory, and self. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1999.

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3

Diversity in the neuronal machine: Order and variability in interneuronal microcircuits. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

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4

Negrello, Mario. Invariants of Behavior: Constancy and Variability in Neural Systems. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011.

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5

Wiethoff, Marion. Task analysis is heart work: The investigation of heart rate variability : a tool for task analysis in cognitive work. [Delft, The Netherlands: Delft University Press, 1997.

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6

Houle, Mélina. Croissance, dimorphisme sexuel et variabilité morphométrique du crâne entre différentes populations de lynx du Canada (Lynx canadensis) au Québec. Québec: Ministère des ressources naturelles et de la faune, 2005.

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7

Dynamic Brain: An Exploration of Neuronal Variability and Its Functional Significance. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2011.

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8

Ding, Mingzhou. Dynamic Brain: An Exploration of Neuronal Variability and Its Functional Significance. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2010.

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9

Montgomery, Jr, Erwin B. Deep Brain Stimulation Programming. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259600.001.0001.

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This second edition of the book continues the basic premise that a thorough knowledge of the mechanisms by which neurons respond to electrical stimulation, how to control the stimulation and the regional anatomy allows the Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) programmer to effectively and efficiently help patients reach optimal control of their disorder. There are a great many variables that influence the patient’s response to DBS, such as the exact nature of the patient’s individual symptoms and disabilities and the variability of the surgical placement of stimulating leads. The complexity has expanded because rapid increases in technology, both current and anticipated. The book makes no assumptions as to the prior knowledge or expertise. As the brain fundamentally is an electrical device, the book begins explaining the relevant electronics, building a nearly intuitive knowledge of how electrons are affected by electrical and magnetic forces and how the actions of the programmer controls electrical charges that ultimately activate neurons, which themselves are electrical devices.

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10

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. International Criteria of Brain Death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190662493.003.0003.

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Brain death criteria have mostly developed when there are organ donation policies in place. The variability in criteria and practices around the world is striking but also inherently problematic, with no consensus in sight. This chapter surveys the criteria across the continents, including in Canada, Europe, South America, Africa, Asian and the Middle East, and Australia and New Zealand. There is a specific focus on the brain death criteria in the United Kingdom and alleged contrasts with U.S. guidelines. A discussion of how best to achieve uniform criteria, despite obstacles, is described. Toward that effort a case is made to and allow the diagnosis of brain death if, after excluding any possible confounder, all brainstem reflexes have disappeared and the patient has become demonstrably apneic.

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11

Waldvogel, Henry J., Eric H. Kim, Lynette J. Tippett, Jean-Paul G. Vonsattel, and Richard L. M. Faull. Neuropathology in the Human Brain. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199929146.003.0009.

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The neuropathology of Huntington’s disease (HD) has been studied for many years, but it is only now becoming clear that despite the disease being caused by dysfunction of a single gene, expressed as an expanded polyglutamine in the huntingtin protein, there is a major variability in the pathology throughout different brain regions, especially the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Also, the symptoms present as varying degrees of involuntary movements, mood, personality changes, cognitive changes, and dementia, which can vary throughout the course of the disease and vary greatly between cases. Recent extensive clinicopathologic studies suggest that the variable degeneration of the striatum and cerebral cortex correlates with the variable symptom profiles that characterize HD. These overall results suggest that despite the single-gene etiology of HD, there are multiple pathways of degeneration in the forebrain in HD that reflect the symptom diversity.

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12

Soltesz, Ivan. Diversity in the Neuronal Machine: Order and Variability in Interneuronal Microcircuits. Oxford University Press, USA, 2005.

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13

Negrello, Mario. Invariants of Behavior: Constancy and Variability in Neural Systems. Springer, 2013.

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14

Negrello, Mario. Invariants of Behavior: Constancy and Variability in Neural Systems. Springer, 2011.

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15

Swartz, Johnna R., Lisa M. Shin, Brenda Lee, and Ahmad R. Hariri. Using Facial Expressions to Probe Brain Circuitry Associated With Anxiety and Depression. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190613501.003.0014.

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Emotional facial expressions are processed by a distributed corticolimbic brain circuit including the amygdala, which plays a central role in detecting and responding to emotional expressions, and the prefrontal cortex, which evaluates, integrates, and regulates responses to emotional expressions. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to probe circuit function can reveal insights into the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders. In this chapter, we review fMRI research into corticolimbic circuit processing of emotional facial expressions in social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, and major depressive disorder. We conclude by reviewing recent research examining how variability in circuit function may help predict the future experience of symptoms in young adults and at-risk adolescents, as well as how such variability relates to personality traits associated with psychopathology risk.

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16

Drane, Daniel L., and Dona E. C. Locke. Mechanisms of Possible Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0005.

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This chapter covers what is known about the possible mechanisms of neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). It begins with a review of all research examining possible cognitive deficits in this population. Cognitive research in PNES is often obscured by noise created by a host of comorbid conditions (e.g., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain) and associated issues (e.g., effects of medications and psychological processes that can compromise attention or broader cognition). More recent studies employing performance validity tests raise the possibility that studies finding broad cognitive problems in PNES may be highlighting a more transient phenomenon secondary to these comorbid or secondary factors. Such dysfunction would likely improve with successful management of PNES symptomatology, yet the effects of even transient variability likely compromises daily function until these issues are resolved. Future research must combine the use of neuropsychological testing, performance validity measures, psychological theory, neuroimaging analysis, and a thorough understanding of brain–behavior relationships to address whether there is a focal neuropathological syndrome associated with PNES.

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17

Lysaker, John T. Brian Eno's Ambient 1: Music for Airports. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190497293.001.0001.

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This study situates Eno’s ambient masterpiece, Music For Airports, within various avant-garde trends in order to underscore its multiple dimensions. In the manner of Satie, it aims to tint living situations without demanding that listeners give the album their full attention. In the manner of Cage, and with La Monte Young’s feel for the textures of individual tones, it arranges the activity of sounds outside traditional Euro-American musical conventions, and in a manner that can spark a kind of thoughtful reverie, thus bringing art into vital, possibly transformative contact with everyday life. Finally, like some of Steve Reich’s works, Music for Airports functions as a piece of conceptual art, facilitating sustained reflections on creativity, listening, and the overall ecology of human activity and meaning, including its technological variability. Because the album has these three distinct dimensions, it requires “prismatic listening,” which switches between distinct modes of attention in the knowledge that these dimensions cannot be heard simultaneously.

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18

Sun, Lisa, and Michael V. Johnston. Rickettsial Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0157.

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Tick-borne rickettsioses are emerging as more important health problems throughout the world. The spotted fever group including Rickettsia rickettsia can cause encephalopathy, meningitis and brain damage by selectively targeting capillary endothelial cells in the brain, and stimulating inflammation, capillary leakage, hemorrhage, and intravascular coagulation. Rickettsia are are arthropod-borne gram-negative coccobacilli bacteria and are obligate intracellular organisms that do not survive in artificial medium. In North and South America, the most common rickettsial disorder is rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF) transmitted by the dog tick Dermacentor variabilis or the wood tick Dermacentor andersoni. A characteristic “starry sky” pattern can be seen on MRI imaging of the brain in some patients with RMSF encephalopathy and is thought to reflect the organisms targeting of brain endothelial cells in capillaries the white matter. Early treatment with doxycycline is curative and reverses signs of encephalopathy if given within a few day of onset, but delayed treatment can be associated with permanent neurological disability. The typhus group of rickettsia bacteria include R. prowazekii, which causes epidemic typhus and R. typhi, which causes murine typhus (endemic) typhus in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Flying squirrels and humans carry R prowazekii and rats are carry R. typhi. Q fever caused by the rickettsia organism Coxiella burnetti is transmitted from farm animals including sheep and is seen throughout the world including the United States.

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