Relevant bibliographies by topics / Brain – Mechanical properties

Academic literature on the topic 'Brain – Mechanical properties'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Brain – Mechanical properties"

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Sato, M., W. H. Schwartz, S. C. Selden, and T. D. Pollard. "Mechanical properties of brain tubulin and microtubules." Journal of Cell Biology 106, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 1205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.106.4.1205.

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We measured the elasticity and viscosity of brain tubulin solutions under various conditions with a cone and plate rheometer using both oscillatory and steady shearing modes. Microtubules composed of purified tubulin, purified tubulin with taxol and 3x cycled microtubule protein from pig, cow, and chicken behaved as mechanically indistinguishable viscoelastic materials. Microtubules composed of pure tubulin and heat stable microtubule-associated proteins were also similar but did not recover their mechanical properties after shearing like other samples, even after 60 min. All of the other microtubule samples were more rigid after flow orientation, suggesting that the mechanical properties of anisotropic arrays of microtubules may be substantially greater than those of randomly arranged microtubules. These experiments confirm that MAPs do not cross link microtubules. Surprisingly, under conditions where microtubule assembly is strongly inhibited (either 5 degrees or at 37 degrees C with colchicine or Ca++) tubulin was mechanically indistinguishable from microtubules at 10-20 microM concentration. By electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation these samples were devoid of microtubules or other obvious structures. However, these mechanical data are strong evidence that tubulin will spontaneously assemble into alternate structures (aggregates) in nonpolymerizing conditions. Because unpolymerized tubulin is found in significant quantities in the cytoplasm, it may contribute significantly to the viscoelastic properties of cytoplasm, especially at low deformation rates.
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Miller, Karol, and Kiyoyuki Chinzei. "Mechanical properties of brain tissue in tension." Journal of Biomechanics 35, no. 4 (April 2002): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00234-2.

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Chatelin, S., J. Vappou, S. Roth, J. S. Raul, and R. Willinger. "Towards child versus adult brain mechanical properties." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 6 (February 2012): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.09.013.

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ATSUMI, Noritoshi, Satoko HIRABAYASHI, Eiichi TANAKA, and Masami IWAMOTO. "537 Modeling of Mechanical Properties of Brain Parenchyma." Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2013.62 (2013): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2013.62.333.

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McIlvain, Grace, Hillary Schwarb, Neal J. Cohen, Eva H. Telzer, and Curtis L. Johnson. "Mechanical properties of the in vivo adolescent human brain." Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 34 (November 2018): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2018.06.001.

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FUJIMOTO, Masaya, Itsuo SAKURAMOTO, Kazuhiko ICHIHARA, Jyunji OHGI, and Masami IWAMOTO. "147 Investigation of the Mechanical Properties for Brain tissue." Proceedings of the Tecnology and Society Conference 2013 (2013): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetsd.2013.95.

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van Dommelen, J. A. W., T. P. J. van der Sande, M. Hrapko, and G. W. M. Peters. "Mechanical properties of brain tissue by indentation: Interregional variation." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 3, no. 2 (February 2010): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2009.09.001.

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Tobushi, Hisaaki, K. Kitamura, Yukiharu Yoshimi, K. Miyamoto, and K. Mitsui. "Mechanical Properties of Cast Shape Memory Alloy for Brain Spatula." Materials Science Forum 674 (February 2011): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.674.213.

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In order to develop a brain spatula or a brain retractor made of a shape memory alloy (SMA), the bending characteristics of the brain spatula of TiNi SMA made by the precision casting were discussed based on the tensile deformation properties of the existing copper and the TiNi rolled-SMA. The fatigue properties of both materials were also investigated by the plane-bending fatigue test. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. (1) The modulus of elasticity and the yield stress for the cast and rolled SMAs are lower than those for the copper. Therefore, the conventional rolled-SMA spatula and the new cast-SMA spatula can be bent easily compared to the existing copper-brain spatula. (2) With respect to the alternating- and pulsating-plane bending fatigue, the fatigue life of both the copper and the SMAs in the region of low-cycle fatigue is expressed by a power function of the maximum bending strain. The fatigue life of the conventional rolled SMA and the new cast SMA is longer than that of the existing copper. The fatigue life of the new cast and rolled SMAs in the pulsating-plane bending is longer than that in the alternating-plane bending. (3) The fatigue life of the rolled-SMA and the cast SMA for alternating- and pulsating-plane bendings can be expressed by the unified relationship with a power function of the dissipated work.
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Zhang, Chi, Long Qian, and Hongwei Zhao. "Elucidation of Regional Mechanical Properties of Brain Tissues Based on Cell Density." Journal of Bionic Engineering 18, no. 3 (May 2021): 611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42235-021-0047-6.

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AbstractResearch on the mechanical properties of brain tissue has received extensive attention. However, most of the current studies have been conducted at the phenomenological level. In this study, the indentation method was used to explore the difference in local mechanical properties among different regions of the porcine cerebral cortex. Further, hematoxylin-eosin and immunofluorescence staining methods were used to determine the correlation between the cellular density at different test points and mechanical properties of the porcine cerebral cortex. The frontal lobe exhibited the strongest viscosity. The temporal lobe displayed the lowest sensitivity to changes in the indentation speed, and the occipital lobe exhibited the highest shear modulus. Additionally, the shear modulus of different areas of the cerebral cortex was negatively correlated with the total number of local cells per unit area and positively correlated with the number of neuronal cell bodies per unit area. Exploration of the mechanical properties of the local brain tissue can provide basic data for the establishment of a finite element model of the brain and mechanical referential information for the implantation position of brain chips.
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Metwally, Mohamed K., Hee-Sok Han, Hyun Jae Jeon, Sang Beom Nam, Seung Moo Han, and Tae-Seong Kim. "Influence of Skull Anisotropic Mechanical Properties in Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound." Journal of Computational Acoustics 24, no. 01 (March 2016): 1650003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x1650003x.

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Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) is a new noninvasive brain stimulation technique where ultrasound is applied with low frequency and intensity to focus at a target region within the brain in order to exhibit or inhibit neuronal activity. In applying LIFU to the human brain, the skull is the main barrier due to its well-known high anisotropic mechanical properties which will affect the ultrasound focusing thereby affecting the neuromodulation or brain stimulation. This study aims at investigating the influence of the anisotropic mechanical properties of the skull on ultrasound propagation and focusing in LIFU. In this study, we used 2D finite element (FE) head models incorporating the isotropic and anisotropic properties of the skull. Three kinds of stresses were examined and shown within the skull: namely the normal stress in the direction of wave propagation ([Formula: see text]-stress), normal stress in the transverse direction to the wave propagation ([Formula: see text]-stress), and shear stress. Our analysis show that although most of the pressure that reaches to the brain is due to the longitudinal wave propagation through the skull, the stress in the transverse direction to the wave propagation direction ([Formula: see text]-stress) has the main influence on the pressure profile inside the brain. The results also show that the anisotropic properties of the skull broaden the focal size about 19% and 13% in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively more than the case of considering the isotropic properties in the realistic 2D FE head model. The results indicate the importance of considering the anisotropic properties of the skull in practicing LIFU to achieve accurate targeting within the brain.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brain – Mechanical properties"

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MacLean, Sean. "Brain tissue analysis of mechanical properties /." Connect to resource, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/44968.

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Ozan, Cem. "Mechanical modeling of brain and breast tissue." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22632.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Germanovich, Leonid; Committee Co-Chair: Skrinjar, Oskar; Committee Member: Mayne, Paul; Committee Member: Puzrin, Alexander; Committee Member: Rix, Glenn.
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Mijailovic, Aleksandar S. "Methods to measure and relate the viscoelastic properties of brain tissue." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106778.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-75).
Measurement of brain tissue elastic and viscoelastic properties is of interest for modeling traumatic brain injury, understanding and creating new biomarkers for brain diseases, improving neurosurgery procedures and development of tissue surrogate materials for evaluating protective strategies (e.g., helmets). However, accurate measurement of mechanical properties of brain tissue is challenging due to the high compliance and complex mechanical behavior of this tissue, including nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, poroelastic deformation, and failure mechanisms. Thus, reported measurements of the elastic and viscoelastic moduli of brain tissue vary by several orders of magnitude. This thesis highlights three mechanical characterization techniques for brain tissue: rheology, cavitation rheology, and impact indentation. Rheology is used to measure the shear storage and loss moduli of brain tissue in (1) healthy and tuberous sclerosis mouse brain and (2) healthy porcine brain. Next, cavitation rheology - a technique used to measure the elastic modulus of compliant polymers and tissues - is implemented for the first time in porcine brain tissue. Finally, a new analytical model and analysis procedure are developed for impact indentation, a novel mechanical characterization technique that was used to measure the impact response of murine and porcine brain tissue and brain tissue simulant polymers. This new analytical model allows for measurement of viscoelastic moduli via impact indentation experimental data, and it directly relates viscoelastic moduli to impact indentation output parameters of quality factor, energy dissipation capacity, and maximum penetration depth without the need for finite element simulation.
by Aleksandar S. Mijailovic.
S.M.
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Cheng, Shao Koon Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "The role of brain tissue mechanical properties and cerebrospinal fluid flow in the biomechanics of the normal and hydrocephalic brain." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27292.

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The intracranial system consists of three main basic components - the brain, the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid. The physiological processes of each of these individual components are complex and they are closely related to each other. Understanding them is important to explain the mechanisms behind neurostructural disorders such as hydrocephalus. This research project consists of three interrelated studies, which examine the mechanical properties of the brain at the macroscopic level, the mechanics of the brain during hydrocephalus and the study of fluid hydrodynamics in both the normal and hydrocephalic ventricles. The first of these characterizes the porous properties of the brain tissues. Results from this study show that the elastic modulus of the white matter is approximately 350Pa. The permeability of the tissue is similar to what has been previously reported in the literature and is of the order of 10-12m4/Ns. Information presented here is useful for the computational modeling of hydrocephalus using finite element analysis. The second study consists of a three dimensional finite element brain model. The mechanical properties of the brain found from the previous studies were used in the construction of this model. Results from this study have implications for mechanics behind the neurological dysfunction as observed in the hydrocephalic patient. Stress fields in the tissues predicted by the model presented in this study closely match the distribution of histological damage, focused in the white matter. The last study models the cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics in both the normal and abnormal ventricular system. The models created in this study were used to understand the pressure in the ventricular compartments. In this study, the hydrodynamic changes that occur in the cerebral ventricular system due to restrictions of the fluid flow at different locations of the cerebral aqueduct were determined. Information presented in this study may be important in the design of more effective shunts. The pressure that is associated with the fluid flow in the ventricles is only of the order of a few Pascals. This suggests that large transmantle pressure gradient may not be present in hydrocephalus.
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Petrov, Andrii. "Brain Magnetic Resonance Elastography based on Rayleigh damping material model." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7901.

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Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) is an emerging medical imaging modality that allows quantification of the mechanical properties of biological tissues in vivo. MRE typically involves time-harmonic tissue excitation followed by the displacement measurements within the tissue obtained by phase-contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques. MRE is believed to have great potential in the detection of wide variety of pathologies, diseases and cancer formations, especially tumors. This thesis concentrates on a thorough assessment and full rheological evaluation of the Rayleigh damping (RD) material model applied to MRE. The feasibility of the RD model to accurately reconstruct viscoelastic and damping properties was assessed. The goal is to obtain accurate quantitative estimates of the mechanical properties for the in vivo healthy brain via the subzone optimization based nonlinear image reconstruction algorithm. The RD model allows reconstruction of not only stiffness distribution of the tissue, but also energy attenuation mechanisms proportionally related to both elastic and inertial effects. The latter allows calculation of the concomitant damping properties of the material. The initial hypothesis behind this research is that accurate reconstruction of the Rayleigh damping parameters may bring additional diagnostic potential with regards to differentiation of various tissue types and more accurate characterisation of certain pathological diseases based on different energy absorbing mechanisms. Therefore, the RD model offers reconstruction of three additional material properties that might be of clinical diagnostic merit and can enhance characterisation of cancer tumors within the brain. A pneumatic-based actuator was specifically developed for in vivo human brain MRE experiments. Performance of the actuator was investigated and the results showed that the actuator produces average displacement in the range of 300 µmicrons and is well suited for generation of shear waves if applied to the human head. Unique features of the the actuator are patient comfort and safety, MRI compatibility, flexible design and good displacement characteristics. In this research, a 3D finite element (FE) subzone-based non-linear reconstruction algorithm using the RD material model has been applied and rigorously assessed to investigate the performance of elastographic based reconstruction to accurately recover mechanical properties and a concomitant damping behaviour of the material. A number of experiments were performed on a variety of homogenous and heterogeneous tissue-simulating damping phantoms comprising a set of materials that mimic range of mechanical properties expected in the brain. The result showed consistent effect of a poor reconstruction accuracy of the RD parameters which suggested the nonidentifiable nature of the RD model. A structural model identifiability analysis further supported the nonidentifiabilty of the RD parameters at a single frequency. Therefore, two approaches were developed to overcome the fundamental identifiability issue. The first one involved application of multiple frequencies over a broad range. The second one was based on parametrisation techniques, where one of the damping parameters was globally defined throughout the reconstruction domain allowing reconstruction of the two remaining parameters. Based on the findings of this research, multi-frequency (MF) elastography was performed on the tissue-simulating phantoms to investigate improvement of the elastographic reconstruction accuracy. Dispersion characteristics of the materials as well as RD changes across different frequencies in various materials were also studied. Simultaneous multi-frequency inversion was undertaken where two models were evaluated: a zero-order model and a power-law model. Furthermore, parametric-based RD reconstruction was carried out to evaluate enhancement of accurate identification of the reconstructed parameters. The results showed that parametric-based RD reconstruction, compared to MF-based RD results, allowed better material characterisation on the reconstructed shear modulus image. Also, significant improvement in material differentiation on the remaining damping parameter image was also observed if the fixed damping parameter was adjusted appropriately. In application to in vivo brain imaging, six repetitive MRE examinations of the in vivo healthy brain demonstrated promising ability of the RD MRE to resolve local variations in mechanical properties of different brain tissue types. Preliminary results to date show that reconstructed real shear modulus and overall damping levels correlate well with the brain anatomical features. Quantified shear stiffness estimates for white and gray matter were found to be 3 kPa and 2.1 kPa, respectively. Due to the non-identifiability of the model at a single frequency, reconstructed RD based parameters limit any physical meaning. Therefore, MF-based and parametric-based cerebral RD elastography was also performed.
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BENEGA, MARCOS A. G. "Estudo e desenvolvimento de fonte de fósforo-32 imobilizado em matriz polimérica para tratamento de câncer paravertebral e intracranial." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23702.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2015-06-09T18:38:57Z No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-09T18:38:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Harris, James Patrick. "The Glia-Neuronal Response to Cortical Electrodes: Interactions with Substrate Stiffness and Electrophysiology." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1320950439.

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Anderson, Cassie Alexandra Palm. "Mechanical and Physical Properties of Biodegradable Wheat Bran, Maize Bran, and Dried Distillers Grain Arabinoxylan Films." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28492.

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Arabinoxylans are non-starch polysaccharides in the cell walls of cereal crops including maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Arabinoxylans are produced when maize bran, dried distillers grain, and wheat bran are processed. The objective of this research was to extract arabinoxylan from cereal processing byproducts for use in biodegradable films. The arabinoxylan was extracted with dilute sodium hydroxide and purified using ?-amylase and protease. In addition to arabinoxylan, these films were made with either glycerol or sorbitol as a plasticizer at levels of 100, 250 or 500 g kg-1. These films had tensile strengths as high as 29.3 MPa and puncture resistances as high as 10.1 N. The water solubility of these films ranged from 305 to 956 g kg-1, and the water vapor permeability ranged from 44.8 to 90.9 g h-1 m-2. The characteristics of these films show promise for biodegradable food packaging materials.
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Books on the topic "Brain – Mechanical properties"

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O'Donoghue, Dearbhail. Biomechanics of frontal and occipital head impact injuries: A plane strain simulation of coup & contrecoup contusion. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1999.

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A, Bandak Faris, Eppinger Rolf H, and Ommaya Ayub K. 1930-, eds. Traumatic brain injury: Bioscience and mechanics. Larchmont, NY: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Brain – Mechanical properties"

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Bilston, Lynne E. "Brain Tissue Mechanical Properties." In Biomechanics of the Brain, 71–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04996-6_4.

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Bilston, Lynne E. "Brain Tissue Mechanical Properties." In Biomechanics of the Brain, 69–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9997-9_4.

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Bilston, Lynne E. "Brain Tissue Mechanical Properties." In Neural Tissue Biomechanics, 11–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8415_2010_36.

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Agrawal, Sudip, Adam Wittek, Grand Joldes, Stuart Bunt, and Karol Miller. "Mechanical Properties of Brain–Skull Interface in Compression." In Computational Biomechanics for Medicine, 83–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15503-6_8.

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van Dommelen, J. A. W., M. Hrapko, and G. W. M. Peters. "Mechanical Properties of Brain Tissue: Characterisation and Constitutive Modelling." In Mechanosensitivity of the Nervous System, 249–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8716-5_12.

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Miller, Karol, and Wieslaw L. Nowinski. "Modeling of Brain Mechanical Properties for Computer-Integrated Medicine." In Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics, 125–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11008941_14.

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Soza, Grzegorz, Roberto Grosso, Christopher Nimsky, Guenther Greiner, and Peter Hastreiter. "Estimating Mechanical Brain Tissue Properties with Simulation and Registration." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2004, 276–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30136-3_35.

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Nagashima, Tatsuya, Norihiko Tamaki, Satoshi Matsumoto, Tetsuya Tateishi, and Yoshio Shirasaki. "Biomechanics of Hydrocephalus: Part I. Mechanical properties of the brain." In Annual Review of Hydrocephalus, 38–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11149-9_24.

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Serai, Suraj D., and Meng Yin. "MR Elastography of the Abdomen: Basic Concepts." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 301–23. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_18.

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AbstractMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an emerging imaging modality that maps the elastic properties of tissue such as the shear modulus. It allows for noninvasive assessment of stiffness, which is a surrogate for fibrosis. MRE has been shown to accurately distinguish absent or low stage fibrosis from high stage fibrosis, primarily in the liver. Like other elasticity imaging modalities, it follows the general steps of elastography: (1) apply a known cyclic mechanical vibration to the tissue; (2) measure the internal tissue displacements caused by the mechanical wave using magnetic resonance phase encoding method; and (3) infer the mechanical properties from the measured mechanical response (displacement), by generating a simplified displacement map. The generated map is called an elastogram.While the key interest of MRE has traditionally been in its application to liver, where in humans it is FDA approved and commercially available for clinical use to noninvasively assess degree of fibrosis, this is an area of active research and there are novel upcoming applications in brain, kidney, pancreas, spleen, heart, lungs, and so on. A detailed review of all the efforts is beyond the scope of this chapter, but a few specific examples are provided. Recent application of MRE for noninvasive evaluation of renal fibrosis has great potential for noninvasive assessment in patients with chronic kidney diseases. Development and applications of MRE in preclinical models is necessary primarily to validate the measurement against “gold-standard” invasive methods, to better understand physiology and pathophysiology, and to evaluate novel interventions. Application of MRE acquisitions in preclinical settings involves challenges in terms of available hardware, logistics, and data acquisition. This chapter will introduce the concepts of MRE and provide some illustrative applications.This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by another separate chapter describing the experimental protocol and data analysis.
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Cho, J. R., J. I. Song, and J. H. Choi. "Prediction of Effective Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Braid by 3-D Finite Element Analysis." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 799–804. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.799.

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Conference papers on the topic "Brain – Mechanical properties"

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Bilston, Lynne E. "Brain Tissue Properties at Moderate Strain Rates." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42938.

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Bovine brain tissue has been tested in shear under oscillatory, relaxation and constant strain rate test protocols. Compression data has been obtained in confined compression. The data from these tests suggests that brain tissue is a highly nonlinear viscoelastic material, with a linear viscoelastic limit of approximately 0.1% strain. The storage and loss modulus are strain dependent above this loading level, requiring careful interpretation of oscillatory data. Brain tissue is also highly strain rate dependent, not strain-time separable, and exhibits a low long term elastic modulus. Modelling the complex behaviour is a challenge.
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Rashid, Badar, Michel Destrade, and Michael D. Gilchrist. "Hyperelastic and Viscoelastic Properties of Brain Tissue in Tension." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85675.

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Mechanical characterization of brain tissue at high loading velocities is particularly important for modelling Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). During severe impact conditions, brain tissue experiences a mixture of compression, tension and shear. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) occurs in animals and humans when the strains and strain rates exceed 10% and 10/s, respectively. Knowing the mechanical properties of brain tissue at these strains and strain rates is thus of particular importance, as they can be used in finite element simulations to predict the occurrence of brain injuries under different impact conditions. In this research, uniaxial tensile tests at strain rates of 30, 60 and 90/s up to 30% strain and stress relaxation tests in tension at various strain magnitudes (10%–60%) with an average rise time of 24 ms were performed. The brain tissue showed a stiffer response with increasing strain rates, showing that hyperelastic models are not adequate and that viscoelastic models are required. Specifically, the tensile engineering stress at 30% strain was 3.1 ± 0.49 kPa, 4.3 ± 0.86 kPa, 6.5 ± 0.76 kPa (mean ± SD) at strain rates of 30, 60 and 90/s, respectively. The Prony parameters were estimated from the relaxation data. Numerical simulations were performed using a one-term Ogden model to analyze hyperelastic and viscoelastic behavior of brain tissue up to 30% strain. The material parameters obtained in this study will help to develop biofidelic human brain finite element models, which subsequently can be used to predict brain injuries under impact conditions.
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Chen, Xiaoshuai, Kazuya Sase, Atsushi Konno, and Teppei Tsujita. "Identification of mechanical properties of brain parenchyma for brain surgery haptic simulation." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2014.7090572.

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Shafieian, Mehdi, and Kurosh Darvish. "Viscoelastic Properties of Brain Tissue Under High-Rate Large Deformation." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11681.

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The nonlinearity of brain tissue material behavior for large deformations at high strain rates was investigated. The viscoelastic properties of brain tissue under high rate ramp- and hold shear strains were determined and nonlinearity in the elastic and time dependent properties of the tissue were examined based on modeling the experimental data. The results revealed that the elastic response of brain tissue is linear from 10% to 50% shear strain, but the time dependent part of the properties in short times shows nonlinear behavior.
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Rezaei, A., M. Salimi Jazi, G. Karami, and M. Ziejewski. "The Effects of Retesting on the Mechanical Properties of Brain Tissue." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65149.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most important problems in biomechanical engineering, and there have been many experiments conducted in order to characterize the mechanical properties of brain tissue. However, obtaining fresh human brain tissue is difficult, if not impossible. Also, the sample preparation and testing protocols must be carried out with great delicacy because brain tissue is very soft and vulnerable to being deformed under a very small amount of load. Most importantly, according to several researchers, each sample must be tested only one time as the tissue may be damaged and its characteristics subsequently changed. This paper is intended to examine the amount of decay that can happen in material characteristics due to retesting. A stress relaxation test is conducted on the same samples of the swine brain tissue multiple times in small and large deformations. The mechanical properties of the substance are calculated before and after retesting, and the constants of the tissue, as mechanical characteristics, are determined and compared. Short- and long-term moduli, relaxation times and relaxation functions are calculated and compared to understand how much they decay after repeating the experiments. The results show that retesting does not significantly change the elastic part of the tissue characteristics, but the viscous behavior shows a relatively sizeable change. The ability to account for the material decay of the samples due to repetition of the experiments results in the need for fewer samples and less preparation time and effort.
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6

Darvish, Kurosh, and James Stone. "Changes in Viscoelastic Properties of Brain Tissue Due to Traumatic Injury." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60849.

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In this study, changes in viscoelastic material properties of brain tissue due to traumatic axonal injury (TAI) were investigated. The impact acceleration model was used to generate diffuse axonal injury in rat brain. TAI in the corticospinal (CSpT) tract in the brain stem was quantified using amyloid precursor protein immunostaining. Material properties along the CSpT were determined using an indentation technique. The results showed that the number of injured axons at the pyramidal decussation (PDx) was approximated 10 times higher than in the ponto-medullary junction (PmJ). The instantaneous elastic response was reduced approximately 70% at PDx compared to 40% at PmJ and the relaxation was uniformly reduced approximately 30%, which were attributed to the effect of injury on tissue properties. Application of a visco-elastic-plastic model that changes due to TAI can significantly alter the results of computational models of brain injury.
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Assari, Soroush, and Kurosh Darvish. "Brain Tissue Material and Damage Properties for Blast Trauma." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88419.

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The aim of this study was to develop a test method to characterize the material behavior of bovine brain samples in large shear deformations and high strain rates relevant to blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) and evaluate tissue damage. A novel shear test setup was designed and built capable of applying strain rates ranging from 300 to 1000 s−1. Based on the shear force time history and propagation of shear waves, it was found that the instantaneous shear modulus (about 6 kPa) was more than 3 times higher than the values previously reported in the literature. The shear wave velocity was found to be strain path dependent which is an indication of tissue damage at strains greater than 10%. The results of this study can help in improving finite element models of the brain for simulating tissue injury during BINT.
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Wu, Xuehai, John G. Georgiadis, and Assimina A. Pelegri. "Brain White Matter Model of Orthotropic Viscoelastic Properties in Frequency Domain." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12182.

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Abstract Finite element analysis is used to study brain axonal injury and develop Brain White Matter (BWM) models while accounting for both the strain magnitude and the strain rate. These models are becoming more sophisticated and complicated due to the complex nature of the BMW composite structure with different material properties for each constituent phase. State-of-the-art studies, focus on employing techniques that combine information about the local axonal directionality in different areas of the brain with diagnostic tools such as Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Diffusion-MRI). The diffusion-MRI data offers localization and orientation information of axonal tracks which are analyzed in finite element models to simulate virtual loading scenarios. Here, a BMW biphasic material model comprised of axons and neuroglia is considered. The model’s architectural anisotropy represented by a multitude of axonal orientations, that depend on specific brain regions, adds to its complexity. During this effort, we develop a finite element method to merge micro-scale Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) with orthotropic frequency domain viscoelasticity to an integrated macro-scale BWM finite element model, which incorporates local axonal orientation. Previous studies of this group focused on building RVEs that combined different volume fractions of axons and neuroglia and simulating their anisotropic viscoelastic properties. Via the proposed model, we can assign material properties and local architecture on each element based on the information from the orientation of the axonal traces. Consecutively, a BWM finite element model is derived with fully defined both material properties and material orientation. The frequency-domain dynamic response of the BMW model is analyzed to simulate larger scale diagnostic modalities such as MRI and MRE.
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Prange, Michael T., Gyorgy Kiralyfalvi, and Susan S. Margulies. "Pediatric Rotational Inertial Brain Injury: the Relative Influence of Brain Size and Mechanical Properties." In 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/99sc23.

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Bell, E. David, Rahul S. Kunjir, and Kenneth L. Monson. "Biaxial and Failure Mechanical Properties of Passive Rat Middle Cerebral Arteries." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53830.

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Cerebral blood vessels are critical in maintaining the health and function of the brain, but their function can be disrupted by traumatic brain injury (TBI), which commonly includes damage to these vessels [1]. However, even in cases where there is not apparent mechanical damage to the cerebral vasculature, TBI can induce physiological disruptions that can lead to breakdown of the blood brain barrier or loss of cerebral autoregulation.
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