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Journal articles on the topic 'Brain hemisphere differences'
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1
Miller, Michael B., Alan Kingstone, and Michael S. Gazzaniga. "Hemispheric Encoding Asymmetry is More Apparent Than Real." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14, no. 5 (July 1, 2002): 702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/08989290260138609.
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Previous neuroimaging studies have claimed a left hemisphere specialization for episodic “encoding” and a right hemisphere specialization for episodic “retrieval.” Yet studies of split-brain patients indicate relatively minor memory impairment after disconnection of the two hemispheres. This suggests that both hemispheres are capable of encoding and retrieval. In the present experiment, we examined the possible limits on encoding capacity of each hemisphere by manipulating the “depth” of processing during the encoding of unfamiliar faces and familiar words in the left and right hemispheres of two split-brain patients. Results showed that only the left hemisphere benefited from deeper (more elaborate) encoding of familiar words, and only the right hemisphere benefited from deeper encoding of unfamiliar faces. Our findings are consistent with the view that hemispheric asymmetries in episodic encoding are related to hemisphere-specific processing of particular stimuli. Convergent with recent neuroimaging studies, these results with split-brain patients also suggest that these hemispheric differences are not due to unique specializations in each half brain for encoding memories, but rather, are due to preferential recruitment of the synaptically closer prefrontal cortex to posterior regions processing material-specific information.
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Metcalfe, Janet, Margaret Funnell, and Michael S. Gazzaniga. "Right-Hemisphere Memory Superiority: Studies of a Split-Brain Patient." Psychological Science 6, no. 3 (May 1995): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00325.x.
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Six experiments explored hemispheric memory differences in a patient who had undergone complete corpus callosum resection The right hemisphere was better able than the left to reject new events similar to originally presented materials of several types, including abstract visual forms, faces, and categorized lists of words Although the left hemisphere is capable of mental manipulation, imagination, semantic priming, and complex language production, these functions are apparently linked to memory confusions—confusions less apparent in the more literal right hemisphere Differences between the left and right hemispheres in memory for new schematically consistent or categorically related events may provide a source of information allowing people to distinguish between what they actually witnessed and what they only inferred
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Shibahara, Naoki, and Brennis Lucero-Wagoner. "Hemispheric Asymmetry in Accessing Word Meanings: Concrete and Abstract Nouns." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2002): 1292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.3c.1292.
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The present experiments investigated hemispheric differences in the brain in accessing concrete and abstract word meanings. For this purpose, an automatic semantic priming paradigm was used with a short stimulus onset asynchrony between prime and target (250 msec.) as well as a low proportion of related trials. (20%). Analysis showed that for concrete nouns, priming effects were observed in both hemispheres. There was greater priming in the right hemisphere, suggesting hemispheric differences in accessing semantic representations of concrete nouns. For abstract nouns, on the other hand, priming patterns in the right hemisphere were identical to those in the left hemisphere, suggesting that information about abstract nouns projected to the right hemisphere may be transferred to the dominant left hemisphere for further processing.
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Wang, Bin, Qionghui Zhan, Ting Yan, Sumaira Imtiaz, Jie Xiang, Yan Niu, Miaomiao Liu, Gongshu Wang, Rui Cao, and Dandan Li. "Hemisphere and Gender Differences in the Rich-Club Organization of Structural Networks." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 11 (February 27, 2019): 4889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz027.
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AbstractStructural and functional differences in brain hemispheric asymmetry have been well documented between female and male adults. However, potential differences in the connectivity patterns of the rich-club organization of hemispheric structural networks in females and males remain to be determined. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging was used to construct hemispheric structural networks in healthy subjects, and graph theoretical analysis approaches were applied to quantify hemisphere and gender differences in rich-club organization. The results showed that rich-club organization was consistently observed in both hemispheres of female and male adults. Moreover, a reduced level of connectivity was found in the left hemisphere. Notably, rightward asymmetries were mainly observed in feeder and local connections among one hub region and peripheral regions, many of which are implicated in visual processing and spatial attention functions. Additionally, significant gender differences were revealed in the rich-club, feeder, and local connections in rich-club organization. These gender-related hub and peripheral regions are involved in emotional, sensory, and cognitive control functions. The topological changes in rich-club organization provide novel insight into the hemisphere and gender effects on white matter connections and underlie a potential network mechanism of hemisphere- and gender-based differences in visual processing, spatial attention and cognitive control.
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Van Kaam, Ruud C., Michel J. A. M. van Putten, Sarah E. Vermeer, and Jeannette Hofmeijer. "Contralesional Brain Activity in Acute Ischemic Stroke." Cerebrovascular Diseases 45, no. 1-2 (2018): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000486535.
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Background: The noninjured, contralateral hemisphere is increasingly acknowledged in the process of recovery from acute ischemic stroke. We estimated the value of conventional electroencephalography (EEG) recordings for identifying contralateral hemisphere involvement in relation to functional recovery. Methods: We analyzed 2-min epochs from 21 electrode EEG registrations of 18 patients with acute hemispheric ischemic stroke and compared with 18 age-matched controls. Outcome was dichotomized as good (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0–2) or poor (mRS 3–5 or death) at 3 months. Effects of the infarct on the ipsi-and contralateral hemispheres were analyzed by the delta/alpha ratio (DAR) and 2 measures of functional connectivity (magnitude squared coherence [MSC] and weighted phase lag index [WPLI]). Results: DAR was higher in patients than in controls, both in the ipsilateral and in the contralateral hemisphere (median 4.5 ± 6.7 ipsilateral and 2.4 ± 2.0 contralateral vs. 0.5 ± 0.5 in the control group, p < 0.001), indicating robust EEG changes in both lesioned and non-lesioned hemisphere. MSC and WPLI in the alpha and beta frequency bands were lower in patients than in controls in both hemispheres, indicating clear disturbances of functional connectivity (p < 0.05). In the poor outcome group, contralateral MSC and WPLI were lower than in the good outcome group, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Short conventional EEG measurements show robust changes of brain activity and functional connectivity in both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Changes of remote functional connectivity tend to interact with functional recovery. Future studies should estimate predictive values for individual patients and interactions with plasticity enhancing treatments.
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Styopochkina, S. P., L. P. Cherapkina, and V. G. Tristan. "Brain bioelectricity activity of the sportsmen underwent the neurobiofeedback course." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 9, no. 2 (April 28, 2010): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2010-2-83-87.
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The EEG analysis of the 26 highly qualified sportsmen shows, that the brain bioelectricity activity is changed by the neurobiofeedback. It relates with the alpha-rhythm and with the greatest neurodynamic changings in the right hemisphere. The after training EEG changings have the sex differences. Everything fields of the right hemisphere and the temporal-occipital field of the left hemisphere of the sportsmen-male and the forward-temporal of left hemisphere and the central-occipital field of both hemispheres of the sportswomen work during the neurodynamic changing.
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Mihkeev, Vladimir Vladimirovich, Vera Vasilievna Marysheva, Boris Nikolaevich Bogomolov, and Lubov Vladislavovna Zhukova-Williams. "EFFECT OF AMINOTHIOL ANTIHyPOXANTS ON INTERHEMISPHERIC ASyMMETRy OF THE bRAIN." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2012): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf10151-53.
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The effect of aminothiol antihipoxants amthizol and its analogue VM-606 on the resistance of the SHR mice males to an acute hypoxia with hypercapnia under conditions of isolated functioning of one of the hemispheres of the brain was studied. Antihypoxic agent amthizol 25 mg/kg increases life time of naïve mice by 46.2%. The drug acted on the sham-operated mice more slightly, increasing of their life only on 28.1% (p<0.01). Administration of amthizol under conditions of functioning of the right hemisphere significantly enhanced (+64.8%) the life time of mice. No antihypoxic effect was registered after administration of amthizol to mice with active left hemisphere: the result was the same as in mice without amthizol. Therefore, antihypoxic effect of amthizol was due to its action on the right (but not the left) hemisphere of the brain. VM-606 possessed more antihypoxic activity in comparison with amthizol. After unilateral cortical inactivation, VM-606 increased life time of mice both in active right and active left hemispheres, but in more degree in active right hemisphere. Thus, interhemispheric differences in resistance of mice to hypoxia with hypercapnia were diminished. Therefore, the differences between amthizol and VM-606 are the followings: amthizol inverts interhemispheric relations in hypoxia whereas VM-606 diminishes them.
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Alù, Francesca, Francesca Miraglia, Alessandro Orticoni, Elda Judica, Maria Cotelli, Paolo Maria Rossini, and Fabrizio Vecchio. "Approximate Entropy of Brain Network in the Study of Hemispheric Differences." Entropy 22, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22111220.
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Human brain, a dynamic complex system, can be studied with different approaches, including linear and nonlinear ones. One of the nonlinear approaches widely used in electroencephalographic (EEG) analyses is the entropy, the measurement of disorder in a system. The present study investigates brain networks applying approximate entropy (ApEn) measure for assessing the hemispheric EEG differences; reproducibility and stability of ApEn data across separate recording sessions were evaluated. Twenty healthy adult volunteers were submitted to eyes-closed resting EEG recordings, for 80 recordings. Significant differences in the occipital region, with higher values of entropy in the left hemisphere than in the right one, show that the hemispheres become active with different intensities according to the performed function. Besides, the present methodology proved to be reproducible and stable, when carried out on relatively brief EEG epochs but also at a 1-week distance in a group of 36 subjects. Nonlinear approaches represent an interesting probe to study the dynamics of brain networks. ApEn technique might provide more insight into the pathophysiological processes underlying age-related brain disconnection as well as for monitoring the impact of pharmacological and rehabilitation treatments.
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Šafhalter, Andrej, Srečko Glodež, and Karin Bakračevič Vukman. "SPATIAL ABILITY, 3D MODELING AND STYLES OF THINKING IN RELATION TO BRAIN HEMISPHERE DOMINANCE." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 54, no. 1 (June 20, 2013): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/13.54.91.
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The progress of neuroscience and the understanding of children's styles of thinking are opening up new teaching styles that take into account differences in individual cognitive perception. Students can be classified into three distinctive perceptive types, according to the pronounced activity of one cerebral hemisphere in their thinking and information processing: left-hemisphere, right-hemisphere, and integrative type that does not exhibit a considerable dominance of one particular hemisphere. The purpose of the research was to establish differences in the 3D modeling encouraged progression of spatial ability between the left-hemisphere, right-hemisphere and integrative types of students. Computerized 3D modeling employed during technical extra-curricular activity in lower secondary school (grades 6 to 9) may affect the spatial ability of students, which according to other studies, appears to be predominantly connected with the right brain hemisphere. Research was conducted among a variety of lower secondary school students across Slovenia aged 11 – 15 years. Data on spatial ability and its development was collected using a hybrid spatial intelligence test conducted on two separate occasions, while assessment of the learning perception type of students – depending on hemispheric dominance – was obtained using a self-evaluation questionnaire. The 3D modeling of technical objects and objects drawn in orthographic or isometric projection was done with the software Trimble SketchUp. Key words: cognitive development, 3D modeling, hemispheric dominance, spatial ability.
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Harrington, Anne. "Nineteenth-century ideas on hemisphere differences and “duality of mind”." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8, no. 4 (December 1985): 617–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00045337.
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AbstractIt is widely felt that the sorts of ideas current in modern laterality and split-brain research are largely without precedent in the behavioral and brain sciences. This paper not only challenges that view, but makes a first attempt to define the relevance of older concepts and data to present research programs.In the 19th century, there was a body of literature that held that many mental pathologies could be explained by supposing that each individual potentially had two conscious brains. Madness resulted when these begin to interfere with each other or otherwise functioned independently. The left-sided localization of language by Broca in the 1860s complicated matters by showing that the two brain halves functioned differently. Broca argued that functional asymmetry was a reflection of man's capacity to “perfect” himself; soon, the left hemisphere was transformed into the superior, uniquely human side of the brain. Considerable effort then went into seeing how far the functions of the right hemisphere complemented those of the left. The resulting dichotomies of mind and brain interacted—and sometimes also conflicted—with “duality of mind” theories. In the 1880s, the Paris school of neurology helped bring about a revival of interest in these theories with its startling metalloscopy and hemihypnosis experiments.A section of this target article is devoted to the views of Hughlings Jackson. Jackson's physiological/philosophical writings on hemisphere specialization and mental duality largely set him outside of the rest of the 19th-century tradition. The article concludes that at least some of the data gathered in the 19th century might prove useful or interesting to certain investigators today. More important, it asks how far an awareness of the “time-bound” nature of 19th-century concepts should change the way in which one surveys the laterality scene today.
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Go, Belinda M., and Doly Joy C. Celindro. "Hemispheric Brain Dominance and Mathematics Performance of Western Visayas College of Science and Technology Students – Phase IV." Proceedings Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 2 (October 10, 2015): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21016/irrc.2015.ma21wf38o.
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This is the last phase of a four-year study which aimed to determine the significance of the difference in the mathematics (math) performance of the participants when grouped according to their hemispheric dominance (HD). The study was anchored in the Split-Brain or Lateralization Theory of Roger Wolcott Sperry which states that the brain is divided into two hemispheres, the left, and the right hemisphere. The participants were eighty-eight (88) fourth-year college students from the courses of Bachelor of Science in Mathematics (BSM), Bachelor of Science in Education major in Mathematics (BSEd), Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering (BSEE), Bachelor of Science in Electronics and Communication Engineering (BSECE), and Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering major in Automotive Engineering (BSMEAE) at Western Visayas College of Science and Technology SY 2014-2015. The participants’ HD was determined by the use of a researcher-made 46-item Hemispheric Brain Dominance Test while their mathematics performance was based on their Math classes average final grades. The statistical tools used were the mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Post hoc tests. The hypothesis was set at the 0.05 alpha level. As an entire group, the left brain was the dominant brain hemisphere among the participants from phase I to phase IV. When the participants were grouped according to program in phase I, the BSM, BSEd, and BSMEAE was left-brain dominant while the BSEE participants were right-brain dominant. The BSECE had an equal number of left-brained and right-brained participants. In phase II, the dominant brain hemisphere was the left brain. Only the BSEE participants were right-brain dominant. In phase III, the dominant brain hemisphere was the left brain, except for the BSMEAE where there was an equal number of left-brained and right-brained participants. In phase IV, all participants from the different programs were left-brained. Only the BSEE participants were right-brain dominant. As an entire group, phase I and II participants had “fair” mathematics performance; phase III had “good” mathematics performance, and phase IV had “very good” mathematics performance. When the participants who were right-brained were grouped according to mathematics performance, phase I had “conditional” mathematics performance; phase II and III had “fair” mathematics performance; and phase IV had “good” mathematics performance. Those who were left-brain dominant had “fair” mathematics performance in phase I, “good” mathematics performance in phase II and III, and “very good” mathematics performance in phase IV. In all phases of the study, significant differences existed in the level of mathematics performance when the participants were grouped according to their hemispheric brain dominance. The “left-brained” performed better in mathematics than the “right-brained”. There was a significant decrease in the enrolment of participants who were right-brain dominant because they shifted to other courses or they transferred to other schools. In phases, I, II and III, significant differences existed in the level of mathematics performance when the participants were grouped according to their program. There is no significant difference in the hemispheric brain dominance of the participants when grouped according to the phase of the study. This implies that the slight changes in the hemispheric brain dominance of the participants were not significant in the last four years.
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Celindro, Doly Joy C., and Belinda M. Go. "Hemispheric Brain Dominance and Mathematics Performance of Western Visayas College of Science and Technology Students – Phase III." Proceedings Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 2 (October 10, 2015): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21016/2015.ma21wf39o.
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This study was anchored in the Split-Brain or Lateralization Theory of Roger Wolcott Sperry which states that the brain is divided into two hemispheres, the left hemisphere, and the right hemisphere. This was conducted to determine the significance of the difference in the mathematics(math) performance of the participants when they were grouped according to their hemispheric dominance (HD) and program. There were 172 first-year participants of Western Visayas College of Science and Technology, Iloilo City in phase I (SY 2011-2012). This was reduced to 120 participants in phase II (SY 2012-2013) and to 88 participants in phase III (SY 2013-2014). The participants’ HD was determined by the use of a researcher-made 46-item Hemispheric Brain Dominance Test while their mathematics performance was based on their average final grades in their Math classes. The statistical tools used were the mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Post hoc tests. The test in the hypothesis was set at .05 alpha level. Results showed that as an entire group, the left brain was the dominant brain hemisphere among the participants in phases I, II and III. In phase I and II, the participants had “fair” mathematics performance while phase III had “good” mathematics performance. When the participants were grouped according to their hemispheric dominance in phase I, the participants who were right-brain dominant had “conditional” mathematics performance while in phase II and III, they had “fair” mathematics performance. Those which were left-brain dominant in phase I had “fair” mathematics performance while in phase II and III, they had “good” mathematics performance. In phases, I, II and III of the study, significant differences existed in the level of mathematics performance when the participants were grouped according to their hemispheric brain dominance. The left brain dominant participants performed better in their mathematics performance than the right brain dominant participants. In phases, I, II and III, significant differences existed in the level of mathematics performance when the participants were grouped according to their program. The Post hoc (Scheffe) test results showed that BS Math significantly differs in their math performance from BSECE and BSMEAE participants. Furthermore, BSECE significantly differs in their math performance from BSEd and BSMEAE participants. Also, BSMEAE significantly differs from BSEE and BSEd participants in their math performance. There is no significant difference in the hemispheric brain dominance of the participants when they were grouped according to the phase of the study. This implies that the hemispheric brain dominance of the participants did not change for the last three years. It is highly recommended to administrators and guidance counselors to assess the brain dominance of the incoming freshmen and give priority to left-brained students for Math-laden courses. More researches should be conducted in different subjects, programs, and backgrounds to add support to this study.
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Motz, Benjamin A., Karin H. James, and Thomas A. Busey. "The Lateralizer: a tool for students to explore the divided brain." Advances in Physiology Education 36, no. 3 (September 2012): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00060.2012.
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Despite a profusion of popular misinformation about the left brain and right brain, there are functional differences between the left and right cerebral hemispheres in humans. Evidence from split-brain patients, individuals with unilateral brain damage, and neuroimaging studies suggest that each hemisphere may be specialized for certain cognitive processes. One way to easily explore these hemispheric asymmetries is with the divided visual field technique, where visual stimuli are presented on either the left or right side of the visual field and task performance is compared between these two conditions; any behavioral differences between the left and right visual fields may be interpreted as evidence for functional asymmetries between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. We developed a simple software package that implements the divided visual field technique, called the Lateralizer, and introduced this experimental approach as a problem-based learning module in a lower-division research methods course. Second-year undergraduate students used the Lateralizer to experimentally challenge and explore theories of the differences between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Measured learning outcomes after active exploration with the Lateralizer, including new knowledge of brain anatomy and connectivity, were on par with those observed in an upper-division lecture course. Moreover, the project added to the students' research skill sets and seemed to foster an appreciation of the link between brain anatomy and function.
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Walters, Aaron Wyland. "Exploration of the Hemispheric Differences in Number Processing of the Brain." Journal of Student Research 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2012): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v1i2.65.
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Abstract The current study explored how reaction time and accuracy differed in the left and right visual fields by altering various dot clusters in both number and organization. Researchers have hypothesized that the left hemisphere uses counting to judge small, disorganized clusters of objects accurately and that the right hemisphere uses estimation to judge clusters organized in geometric shape accurately. The current study tested both visual fields of participant’s with organized and unorganized clusters of dots. Dots were clustered between 3 and 12. The clusters were presented on separate sides of a computer screen to analyze visual field differences in counting and estimation. A central target was presented on the screen to maintain central focus for the visual fields. Data from 40 participants (30 men, 10 women) from a small liberal arts college indicated that when clusters reached between 7 and 8 dots, organization in the right visual field created inaccuracy in judgment. Reaction time data indicated that as number level increased, reaction time slowed. Reaction time data also showed that organization slowed reaction times in both visual fields. These data indicated that different numerical judgment abilities do exist within the hemispheres.
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Mendonça, Lucia Iracema Zanotto de. "Transcranial brain stimulation (TMS and tDCS) for post-stroke aphasia rehabilitation: Controversies." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 8, no. 3 (September 2014): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642014dn83000003.
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Transcranial brain stimulation (TS) techniques have been investigated for use in the rehabilitation of post-stroke aphasia. According to previous reports, functional recovery by the left hemisphere improves recovery from aphasia, when compared with right hemisphere participation. TS has been applied to stimulate the activity of the left hemisphere or to inhibit homotopic areas in the right hemisphere. Various factors can interfere with the brain's response to TS, including the size and location of the lesion, the time elapsed since the causal event, and individual differences in the hemispheric language dominance pattern. The following questions are discussed in the present article: [a] Is inhibition of the right hemisphere truly beneficial?; [b] Is the transference of the language network to the left hemisphere truly desirable in all patients?; [c] Is the use of TS during the post-stroke subacute phase truly appropriate? Different patterns of neuroplasticity must occur in post-stroke aphasia.
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Lorence, Julia, Kristin Swanson, Cassandra Rickertsen, Sara Ranjbar, Sandra Johnston, Kyle Singleton, Alyx Porter, et al. "NIMG-64. IMPACT OF TUMOR LOCATION ON IMAGE-DERIVED VOLUME, PROLIFERATION RATE AND GROWTH VELOCITY IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi175—vi176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.733.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults with a median overall survival (OS) of 15months. Despite advancements in treatments, prognosis is dismal and the prognostic significance of tumor location is not entirely understood. METHODOLOGY: In our study, we investigated sex-specific volumetric, tumor growth kinetics, and outcome differences among GBMs in various brain locations. Primary GBM patients with pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data (N=289, 173 males, 116 females) were selected from our brain tumor repository. Tumor abnormality was segmented on T1-weighted post-gadolinium contrast agent (T1Gd) MRIs. We utilized the Harvard-Oxford brain atlases to determine the location of GBMs. RESULTS Overall, our study found smaller tumors in the left hemisphere. This may be expected as left-hemispheric GBM symptoms could present earlier, leading to earlier diagnosis and treatment. However, when the cohort was split by sex, we found this observation significant for females only in the parietal lobe (p < 0.0001). Further, female GBMs demonstrated smaller necrotic volume in the left hemisphere (p = 0.030). Sex-specific differences in incidence were noted in the temporal and occipital lobes (2M:1F). Comparing tumor growth kinetics in different brain locations and hemispheres, females had significantly lower tumor proliferation rates in the left hemisphere (p = 0.009) and lower tumor proliferation rates in the left frontal lobe (p = 0.031). Controlling for treatment, patients with frontal lobe tumors had significantly longer OS compared to those with GBMs in the temporal lobe (p = 0.046, 312 days). Differences in growth velocities were noted between frontal and parietal lobe with frontal GBMs having lower velocities in comparison to parietal lobe GBMs. CONCLUSION Together, our results demonstrate that tumor growth and proliferation rates may vary based on location and sex. Additional research is needed to further explore the clinical significance of tumor location.
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Nebli, Ahmed, and Islem Rekik. "Gender differences in cortical morphological networks." Brain Imaging and Behavior 14, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 1831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11682-019-00123-6.
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Abstract Cortical morphological networks (CMN), where each network models the relationship in morphology between different cortical brain regions quantified using a specific measurement (e.g., cortical thickness), have not been investigated with respect to gender differences in the human brain. Cortical processes are expected to involve complex interactions between different brain regions, univariate methods thus might overlook informative gender markers. Hence, by leveraging machine learning techniques with the potential to highlight multivariate interacting effects, we found that the most discriminative CMN connections between males and females were derived from the left hemisphere using the mean sulcal depth as measurement. However, for both left and right hemispheres, the first most discriminative morphological connection revealed across all cortical attributes involved (entorhinal cortex ↔ caudal anterior cingulate cortex) and (entorhinal cortex ↔ transverse temporal cortex) respectively, which gives us new insights into behavioral gender differences from an omics perspective and might explain why males and females learn differently.
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XIONG, YAN, YAN LI, YU CHEN, PING YUAN, YUBO FAN, and WENTAO JIANG. "THE CREATIVE INVESTIGATION OF BRAIN ACTIVITY WITH EEG FOR GENDER AND LEFT/RIGHT-HANDED DIFFERENCES." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 15, no. 04 (August 2015): 1550054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519415500542.
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This paper studied the differences of gender and left/right-handed groups from a neuroscience perspective through task-related power of alpha power changes during the generation of creative ideas. Aiming to investigate the effects of the differences, it will help understand the specific neural processes for different genders and left/right-handed groups. We used B-Alert X10®; electroencephalography (EEG) system, computed for left and right hemispheres, to determine if EEG metrics differentiated between the gender and left/right-handed groups. This study assessed EEG power spectral density (PSD) while 17 healthy participants worked on the alternative uses (AU) task. The results showed that (1) the creativity level has no relations with the gender; there is no obvious difference between males and females on the process of creative idea generation. (2) The creativity level is high related to the cultivation of innovative ability. There is obvious higher alpha power changes in posterior regions of the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere of the brain for high original group, and a stronger task-related alpha synchronization showed in the right hemisphere than that in the left one for the low original group. (3) There is comparatively lower alpha power in parietal region in the left hemisphere than that in the right one for the left-handed participants, and higher alpha power in the frontal region for the left-handed and in parietal region for right-handed participants. The comparison among different genders and left/right-handed participants can help us understand more about the creative thinking manifested in the human brain.
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Meng, Ming, Tharian Cherian, Gaurav Singal, and Pawan Sinha. "Lateralization of face processing in the human brain." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1735 (January 4, 2012): 2052–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1784.
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Are visual face processing mechanisms the same in the left and right cerebral hemispheres? The possibility of such ‘duplicated processing’ seems puzzling in terms of neural resource usage, and we currently lack a precise characterization of the lateral differences in face processing. To address this need, we have undertaken a three-pronged approach. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed cortical sensitivity to facial semblance, the modulatory effects of context and temporal response dynamics. Results on all three fronts revealed systematic hemispheric differences. We found that: (i) activation patterns in the left fusiform gyrus correlate with image-level face-semblance, while those in the right correlate with categorical face/non-face judgements. (ii) Context exerts significant excitatory/inhibitory influence in the left, but has limited effect on the right. (iii) Face-selectivity persists in the right even after activity on the left has returned to baseline. These results provide important clues regarding the functional architecture of face processing, suggesting that the left hemisphere is involved in processing ‘low-level’ face semblance, and perhaps is a precursor to categorical ‘deep’ analyses on the right.
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Brito, Rodrigo, Adriana Baltar, Marina Berenguer-Rocha, Lívia Shirahige, Sérgio Rocha, André Fonseca, Daniele Piscitelli, and Kátia Monte-Silva. "Intrahemispheric EEG: A New Perspective for Quantitative EEG Assessment in Poststroke Individuals." Neural Plasticity 2021 (September 21, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5664647.
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The ratio between slower and faster frequencies of brain activity may change after stroke. However, few studies have used quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) index of ratios between slower and faster frequencies such as the delta/alpha ratio (DAR) and the power ratio index (PRI; delta + theta / alpha + beta ) for investigating the difference between the affected and unaffected hemisphere poststroke. Here, we proposed a new perspective for analyzing DAR and PRI within each hemisphere and investigated the motor impairment-related interhemispheric frequency oscillations. Forty-seven poststroke subjects and twelve healthy controls were included in the study. Severity of upper limb motor impairment was classified according to the Fugl–Meyer assessment in mild/moderate ( n = 25 ) and severe ( n = 22 ). The qEEG indexes (PRI and DAR) were computed for each hemisphere (intrahemispheric index) and for both hemispheres (cerebral index). Considering the cerebral index (DAR and PRI), our results showed a slowing in brain activity in poststroke patients when compared to healthy controls. Only the intrahemispheric PRI index was able to find significant interhemispheric differences of frequency oscillations. Despite being unable to detect interhemispheric differences, the DAR index seems to be more sensitive to detect motor impairment-related frequency oscillations. The intrahemispheric PRI index may provide insights into therapeutic approaches for interhemispheric asymmetry after stroke.
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Szepietowska, Ewa Małgorzata, and Anna Kuzaka. "An analysis of verbal fluency task performance profiles in patients with vascular brain pathology." Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna 21, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2021.0002.
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Aim: Considering the data on the important role of verbal fluency tasks in neuropsychological diagnosis and the models of hemispherically specialised modulation of processes essential for different types of verbal fluency, we made an attempt to identify differences in correct and incorrect performance of 5 verbal fluency tasks between patients with vascular cerebral pathology, including hypertension, and healthy individuals. We also analysed task performance profiles within the groups. Materials and methods: The study included healthy volunteers (n = 36), hypertensive individuals (n = 33), and patients after left (n = 15) or right hemisphere stroke (n = 30) – 114 subjects in total. We used the Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test (FAST) to exclude patients with significant language difficulties/aphasia. We used 5 verbal fluency tasks: semantic (Animals), phonemic (“k”), verb fluency and two emotional tasks: Joy and Fear. We used general linear models for repeated measures for the analysis of correctly and incorrectly performed tasks. Results: The profiles of correct responses for all 5 tasks were similar in all groups, with quantitative intergroup differences. The highest number of correct responses appeared in the semantic, phonemic and verb fluency tasks, whereas the lowest number in the emotional tasks. Hypertensive individuals scored statistically insignificantly lower than healthy individuals, whereas patients after right/left hemisphere stroke scored significantly lower compared to both these groups. Despite a large number of errors, healthy individuals had the highest scores. Patients after right hemisphere stroke showed little differentiation in the number of correct responses in subsequent tasks. There were no intergroup differences in the level of performance of emotional tasks with different valences (positive and negative). Healthy and hypertensive individuals were characterised by a distinct heterogeneity of correct and incorrect responses in various tasks. Patients with brain pathology, regardless of its lateralisation, performed these tasks at a similar level, with left hemisphere damage resulting in the highest number of errors, mainly in semantic and phonemic tasks, and with right hemisphere pathology associated with errors in all types of tasks. The difficulties in patients with left hemisphere damage may result from weaker phonological and lexical processes, including access to semantic features of a word, while the low scores of patients with right hemisphere damage may be a consequence of impaired attention and executive processes. Conclusions: Patients with vascular pathology of the brain hemispheres achieved significantly lower scores in all types of fluency, while hypertensive individuals scored insignificantly lower than healthy subjects. This means that the method can be useful in differentiating between healthy individuals and patients with central nervous system damage, as well as those at risk. Future research should focus on a detailed analysis of the types of errors made by patients with hemispheric damage in various types of verbal fluency tasks. An analysis of the location of the pathology in the anterior-posterior dimension of each hemisphere could reveal specific features of verbal fluency.
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Trauner, Doris A. "Right Hemisphere Brain Damage in Children." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 18, no. 2 (June 2008): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld18.2.73.
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Abstract Adults with right hemisphere (RH) damage have a characteristic cognitive profile of impaired facial recognition and visual spatial skills, contralateral neglect, and aprosodia, with relatively intact propositional language. The adverse effects of childhood RH damage are more subtle and do not follow the adult pattern following RH injury. This article reviews evidence that the RH is specialized early in life for certain cognitive functions, including comprehension of affective prosody and visual spatial analysis. Other cognitive functions such as facial recognition, language, and expressive prosody appear to have more bilateral representation during early development. There is also strong evidence for plasticity in the developing RH that allows reorganization to take place following focal injury. Such differences in neural networks during development may account for the good functional recovery in children with perinatal RH brain damage.
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Rastatter, Michael P., and Catherine Loren. "Vocal Reaction Times to Tachistoscopically Presented High- and Low-Frequency Verbs: Some Evidence for Selective Minor Hemisphere Linguistic Analysis." Perceptual and Motor Skills 66, no. 3 (June 1988): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.66.3.803.
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The current study investigated the capacity of the right hemisphere to process verbs using a paradigm proven reliable for predicting differential, minor hemisphere lexical analysis in the normal, intact brain. Vocal reaction times of normal subjects were measured to unilaterally presented verbs of high and of low frequency. A significant interaction was noted between the stimulus items and visual fields. Post hoc tests showed that vocal reaction times to verbs of high frequency were significantly faster following right visual-field presentations (right hemisphere). No significant differences in vocal reaction time occurred between the two visual fields for the verbs of low frequency. Also, significant differences were observed between the two types of verbs following left visual-field presentation but not the right. These results were interpreted to suggest that right-hemispheric analysis was restricted to the verbs of high frequency in the presence of a dominant left hemisphere.
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Killgore, William D. S. "Laterality of Lesions and Trait-Anxiety on Working Memory Performance." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 2 (April 2002): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.2.551.
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An asymmetry of anterior cerebral activation favoring the right hemisphere has been associated with dispositional negative affect including trait-anxiety, while the opposite appears true of cerebral asymmetry favoring the left hemisphere. It was hypothesized that an asymmetry of cerebral activation, as defined by scores on a measure of trait-anxiety, ipsilateral to the side of an anterior brain lesion would be associated with less efficient cognitive processing than greater activation in the hemisphere contralateral to the lesion. Patients with anterior left ( n = 16) or right ( n = 15) hemisphere lesions completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and several neurocognitive tasks. Of the abilities tested, only Digit Span scores showed an interaction between side of lesion and presumed activation asymmetry. Patients with right- but not with left-hemisphere damage showed significant differences in working memory performance depending on the presumed direction of asymmetry of the two hemispheres, supporting the dual roles of the right hemisphere in affective processing and directed attention.
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Frey, Scott H., Margaret G. Funnell, Valerie E. Gerry, and Michael S. Gazzaniga. "A Dissociation between the Representation of Tool-use Skills and Hand Dominance: Insights from Left- and Right-handed Callosotomy Patients." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 2 (February 2005): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929053124974.
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The overwhelming majority of evidence indicates that the left cerebral hemisphere of right-handed humans is dominant both for manual control and the representation of acquired skills, including tool use. It is, however, unclear whether these functions involve common or dissociable mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that the disconnected left hemispheres of both right- and left-handed split-brain patients are specialized for representing acquired tool-use skills. When required to pantomime actions associated with familiar tools (Experiment 2), both patients show a right-hand (left hemisphere) advantage in response to tool names, pictures, and actual objects. Accuracy decreases as stimuli become increasingly symbolic when using the left hand (right hemisphere). Tested in isolation with lateralized pictures (Experiment 3), each patient's left hemisphere demonstrates a significant advantage over the right hemisphere for pantomiming tool-use actions with the contralateral hand. The fact that this asymmetry occurs even in a left-handed patient suggests that the left hemisphere specialization for representing praxis skills can be dissociated from mechanisms involved in hand dominance located in the right hemisphere. This effect is not attributable to differences at the conceptual level, as the left and right hemispheres are equally and highly competent at associating tools with observed pantomimes (Experiment 4).
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Li, Mi, Hongpei Xu, and Shengfu Lu. "Neural Basis of Depression Related to a Dominant Right Hemisphere: A Resting-State fMRI Study." Behavioural Neurology 2018 (June 5, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5024520.
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Background. In the past, studies on the lateralization of the left and right hemispheres of the brain suggested that depression is dominated by the right hemisphere of the brain, but the neural basis of this theory remains unclear. Method. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed in 22 depressive patients and 15 healthy controls. The differences in the mean values of the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of two groups were compared, and the low-frequency amplitudes of these differential brain regions were compared. Results. The results show that compared with healthy subjects, depressive patients had increased ReHo values in the right superior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, triangular part of the right inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part of the right inferior frontal gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate, and paracingulate gyri; reduced ReHo values were seen in the right fusiform gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, left lingual gyrus, and left inferior parietal except in the supramarginal and angular gyri. Conclusions. The results show that regional homogeneity mainly occurs in the right brain, and the overall performance of the brain is such that right hemisphere synchronization is enhanced while left hemisphere synchronization is weakened. ReHo abnormalities in the resting state can predict abnormalities in individual neurological activities that reflect changes in the structure and function of the brain; abnormalities shown with this indicator are the neuronal basis for the phenomenon that the right hemisphere of the brain has a dominant effect on depression.
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Ruff, Christian C., Felix Blankenburg, Otto Bjoertomt, Sven Bestmann, Nikolaus Weiskopf, and Jon Driver. "Hemispheric Differences in Frontal and Parietal Influences on Human Occipital Cortex: Direct Confirmation with Concurrent TMS–fMRI." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 6 (June 2009): 1146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21097.
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We used concurrent TMS–fMRI to test directly for hemispheric differences in causal influences of the right or left fronto-parietal cortex on activity (BOLD signal) in the human occipital cortex. Clinical data and some behavioral TMS studies have been taken to suggest right-hemisphere specialization for top–down modulation of vision in humans, based on deficits such as spatial neglect or extinction in lesioned patients, or findings that TMS to right (vs. left) fronto-parietal structures can elicit stronger effects on visual performance. But prior to the recent advent of concurrent TMS and neuroimaging, it was not possible to directly examine the causal impact of one (stimulated) brain region upon others in humans. Here we stimulated the frontal or intraparietal cortex in the left or right hemisphere with TMS, inside an MR scanner, while measuring with fMRI any resulting BOLD signal changes in visual areas V1–V4 and V5/MT+. For both frontal and parietal stimulation, we found clear differences between effects of right- versus left-hemisphere TMS on activity in the visual cortex, with all differences significant in direct statistical comparisons. Frontal TMS over either hemisphere elicited similar BOLD decreases for central visual field representations in V1–V4, but only right frontal TMS led to BOLD increases for peripheral field representations in these regions. Hemispheric differences for effects of parietal TMS were even more marked: Right parietal TMS led to strong BOLD changes in V1–V4 and V5/MT+, but left parietal TMS did not. These data directly confirm that the human frontal and parietal cortex show right-hemisphere specialization for causal influences on the visual cortex.
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Lucon-Xiccato, Tyrone, Giulia Montalbano, Marco Dadda, and Cristiano Bertolucci. "Lateralization correlates with individual differences in inhibitory control in zebrafish." Biology Letters 16, no. 8 (August 2020): 20200296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0296.
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Individual fitness often depends on the ability to inhibit behaviours not adapted to a given situation. However, inhibitory control can vary greatly between individuals of the same species. We investigated a mechanism that might maintain this variability in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ). We demonstrate that inhibitory control correlates with cerebral lateralization, the tendency to process information with one brain hemisphere or the other. Individuals that preferentially observed a social stimulus with the right eye and thus processed social information with the left brain hemisphere, inhibited foraging behaviour more efficiently. Therefore, selective pressures that maintain lateralization variability in populations might provide indirect selection for variability in inhibitory control. Our study suggests that individual cognitive differences may result from complex multi-trait selection mechanisms.
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Peck, Kyung K., Michelle Bradbury, Nicole Petrovich, Bob L. Hou, Nicole Ishill, Cameron Brennan, Viviane Tabar, and Andrei I. Holodny. "PRESURGICAL EVALUATION OF LANGUAGE USING FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUS SURGERY." Neurosurgery 64, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000339122.01957.0a.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to assess language laterality in preoperative brain tumor patients. In postsurgical patients, susceptibility artifacts can potentially alter ipsilateral fMRI activation volumes and the assessment of language laterality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of fMRI to correctly measure language dominance in brain tumor patients with previous surgery because this patient cohort is vulnerable to type II statistical errors and subsequent misjudgment of laterality. METHODS Twenty-six right-handed patients with left-hemisphere gliomas (16 with and 10 without previous surgery) underwent preoperative language fMRI. Language laterality was measured using hemispheric and Broca's area regions of interest (ROIs). Hemisphere dominance, as established by laterality measurements, was compared with that determined by intraoperative electrocorticography and behavioral assessments. RESULTS Localization of primary language cortices was achieved in 24 of 26 patients studied. The hemisphere dominance evaluated by fMRI was verified by intraoperative corticography in only 14 patients (10 with and 4 without previous surgery), and only 12 of them had complete neuropsychological testing. Complete concordance of the laterality with intraoperative electrocorticography and behavioral assessments was found in patients without previous surgery. In patients with previous surgery, concordance was 75% using Broca's area ROI and 88% using hemispheric ROI, notwithstanding susceptibility artifacts. Differences in laterality between pre- and postsurgical patients, based on either hemispheric (P = 0.81) or Broca's area (P = 0.19) ROI measurements were not statistically significant. However, hemispheric ROI analyses were found to be less affected by postsurgical artifacts and may be more suitable for establishing hemisphere dominance. CONCLUSION fMRI mapping of eloquent language cortices in brain tumor patients after surgery is feasible and can serve as a useful baseline evaluation for preoperative neurosurgical planning. However, findings should be interpreted with caution in the presence of postsurgical artifacts.
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Cao, Rui, Huiyu Shi, Xin Wang, Shoujun Huo, Yan Hao, Bin Wang, Hao Guo, and Jie Xiang. "Hemispheric Asymmetry of Functional Brain Networks under Different Emotions Using EEG Data." Entropy 22, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22090939.
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Despite many studies reporting hemispheric asymmetry in the representation and processing of emotions, the essence of the asymmetry remains controversial. Brain network analysis based on electroencephalography (EEG) is a useful biological method to study brain function. Here, EEG data were recorded while participants watched different emotional videos. According to the videos’ emotional categories, the data were divided into four categories: high arousal high valence (HAHV), low arousal high valence (LAHV), low arousal low valence (LALV) and high arousal low valence (HALV). The phase lag index as a connectivity index was calculated in theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), beta (14–30 Hz) and gamma (31–45 Hz) bands. Hemispheric networks were constructed for each trial, and graph theory was applied to quantify the hemispheric networks’ topological properties. Statistical analyses showed significant topological differences in the gamma band. The left hemispheric network showed significantly higher clustering coefficient (Cp), global efficiency (Eg) and local efficiency (Eloc) and lower characteristic path length (Lp) under HAHV emotion. The right hemispheric network showed significantly higher Cp and Eloc and lower Lp under HALV emotion. The results showed that the left hemisphere was dominant for HAHV emotion, while the right hemisphere was dominant for HALV emotion. The research revealed the relationship between emotion and hemispheric asymmetry from the perspective of brain networks.
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Li, Meiling, Heng Chen, Junping Wang, Feng Liu, Zhiliang Long, Yifeng Wang, Yasser Iturria-Medina, Jiang Zhang, Chunshui Yu, and Huafu Chen. "Handedness- and Hemisphere-Related Differences in Small-World Brain Networks: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography Study." Brain Connectivity 4, no. 2 (March 2014): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/brain.2013.0211.
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Champagne-Lavau, M., E. Stip, and Y. Joanette. "Language functions in right-hemisphere damage and schizophrenia: apparently similar pragmatic deficits may hide profound differences." Brain 130, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): e67-e67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl311.
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Hagemann, Dirk, Johannes Hewig, Ewald Naumann, Jan Seifert, and Dieter Bartussek. "Resting Brain Asymmetry and Affective Reactivity." Journal of Individual Differences 26, no. 3 (July 2005): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.26.3.139.
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Abstract. Neuropsychological evidence has given rise to alternative models on brain asymmetry in emotion, each with different implications concerning the biological basis of individual differences in affective responses. The present study tested these implications. Resting EEG and self-reported emotions after the presentation of film clips were collected on four occasions of measurement. Subjects with greater right-sided and smaller left-sided cortical activity reported greater intensities of felt emotions after the presentation of films irrespective of valence. This finding is in line with a recent formulation of the right-hemisphere hypothesis, which proposes that the right hemisphere may play an important role in the automatic generation of emotional responses, whereas the left hemisphere may be involved in the control and modulation of emotional reactions.
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Diaz, Michele T., and Larson J. Hogstrom. "The Influence of Context on Hemispheric Recruitment during Metaphor Processing." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 11 (November 2011): 3586–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00053.
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Although the left hemisphere's prominence in language is well established, less emphasis has been placed on possible roles for the right hemisphere. Behavioral, patient, and neuroimaging research suggests that the right hemisphere may be involved in processing figurative language. Additionally, research has demonstrated that context can modify language processes and facilitate comprehension. Here we investigated how figurativeness and context influenced brain activation, with a specific interest in right hemisphere function. Previous work in our laboratory indicated that novel stimuli engaged right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and that both novel and familiar metaphors engaged right IFG and right temporal pole. The graded salience hypothesis proposes that context may lessen integration demands, increase the salience of metaphors, and thereby reduce right hemisphere recruitment for metaphors. In the present study, fMRI was used to investigate brain function, whereas participants read literal and metaphoric sentences that were preceded by either a congruent or an incongruent literal sentence. Consistent with prior research, all sentences engaged traditional left hemisphere regions. Differences between metaphors and literal sentences were observed, but only in the left hemisphere. In contrast, a main effect of congruence was found in the right IFG, the right temporal pole, and the dorsal medial pFC. Partially consistent with the graded salience hypothesis, our results highlight the strong influence of context on language, demonstrate the importance of the right hemisphere in discourse, and suggest that, in a wider discourse context, congruence has a greater influence on right hemisphere recruitment than figurativeness.
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Sobrero, Raúl, Pedro Fernández-Aburto, Álvaro Ly-Prieto, Scarlett E. Delgado, Jorge Mpodozis, and Luis A. Ebensperger. "Effects of Habitat and Social Complexity on Brain Size, Brain Asymmetry and Dentate Gyrus Morphology in Two Octodontid Rodents." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 87, no. 1 (2016): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444741.
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Navigational and social challenges due to habitat conditions and sociality are known to influence dentate gyrus (DG) morphology, yet the relative importance of these factors remains unclear. Thus, we studied three natural populations of O. lunatus (Los Molles) and Octodon degus (El Salitre and Rinconada), two caviomorph species that differ in the extent of sociality and with contrasting vegetation cover of habitat used. The brains and DG of male and female breeding degus with simultaneous information on their physical and social environments were examined. The extent of sociality was quantified from total group size and range area overlap. O. degus at El Salitre was more social than at Rinconada and than O. lunatus from Los Molles. The use of transects to quantify cover of vegetation (and other physical objects in the habitat) and measures of the spatial behavior of animals indicated animal navigation based on unique cues or global landmarks is more cognitively challenging to O. lunatus. During lactation, female O. lunatus had larger brains than males. Relative DG volume was similar across sexes and populations. The right hemisphere of male and female O. lunatus had more cells than the left hemisphere, with DG directional asymmetry not found in O. degus. Degu population differences in brain size and DG cell number seemed more responsive to differences in habitat than to differences in sociality. Yet, large-sized O. degus (but not O. lunatus) that ranged over larger areas and were members of larger social groups had more DG cells per hemisphere. Thus, within-population variation in DG cell number by hemisphere was consistent with a joint influence of habitat and sociality in O. degus at El Salitre.
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Ferrero, Laura, Mario Ortiz, Vicente Quiles, Eduardo Iáñez, José A. Flores, and José M. Azorín. "Brain Symmetry Analysis during the Use of a BCI Based on Motor Imagery for the Control of a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton." Symmetry 13, no. 9 (September 19, 2021): 1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091746.
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Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCI) are systems that allow external devices to be controlled by means of brain activity. There are different such technologies, and electroencephalography (EEG) is an example. One of the most common EEG control methods is based on detecting changes in sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs) during motor imagery (MI). The aim of this study was to assess the laterality of cortical function when performing MI of the lower limb. Brain signals from five subjects were analyzed in two conditions, during exoskeleton-assisted gait and while static. Three different EEG electrode configurations were evaluated: covering both hemispheres, covering the non-dominant hemisphere and covering the dominant hemisphere. In addition, the evolution of performance and laterality with practice was assessed. Although sightly superior results were achieved with information from all electrodes, differences between electrode configurations were not statistically significant. Regarding the evolution during the experimental sessions, the performance of the BCI generally evolved positively the higher the experience was.
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Cai, Qing, Michal Lavidor, Marc Brysbaert, Yves Paulignan, and Tatjana A. Nazir. "Cerebral Lateralization of Frontal Lobe Language Processes and Lateralization of the Posterior Visual Word Processing System." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 4 (April 2008): 672–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20043.
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The brain areas involved in visual word processing rapidly become lateralized to the left cerebral hemisphere. It is often assumed this is because, in the vast majority of people, cortical structures underlying language production are lateralized to the left hemisphere. An alternative hypothesis, however, might be that the early stages of visual word processing are lateralized to the left hemisphere because of intrinsic hemispheric differences in processing low-level visual information as required for distinguishing fine-grained visual forms such as letters. If the alternative hypothesis was correct, we would expect posterior occipito-temporal processing stages still to be lateralized to the left hemisphere for participants with right hemisphere dominance for the frontal lobe processes involved in language production. By analyzing event-related potentials of native readers of French with either left hemisphere or right hemisphere dominance for language production (determined using a verb generation task), we were able to show that the posterior occipito-temporal areas involved in visual word processing are lateralized to the same hemisphere as language production. This finding could suggest top-down influences in the development of posterior visual word processing areas.
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Hahn, Nicola, Petra Jansen, and Martin Heil. "Preschoolers' Mental Rotation: Sex Differences in Hemispheric Asymmetry." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 6 (June 2010): 1244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21236.
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Mental rotation performance has been found to produce one of the largest sex differences in cognition accompanied by sex differences in functional cerebral asymmetry. Although sex differences in mental rotation performance can be reliably demonstrated as early as age 5 years old, that is, long before puberty, no data exist as to whether preschooler's mental rotation performance is accompanied by sex differences in functional cerebral asymmetry. Based on the electrophysiological brain correlates of mental rotation, we observed a bilateral parietal brain activity for preschool boys whereas the preschool girls' brain activity was clearly lateralized toward the left hemisphere if and only if mental rotation was needed to solve the task. Thus, sex differences in functional cerebral asymmetry during mental rotation do not require hormonal changes that occur during puberty.
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Putnam, Mary Colvin, Megan S. Steven, Karl W. Doron, Adam C. Riggall, and Michael S. Gazzaniga. "Cortical Projection Topography of the Human Splenium: Hemispheric Asymmetry and Individual Differences." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 8 (August 2010): 1662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21290.
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The corpus callosum is the largest white matter pathway in the human brain. The most posterior portion, known as the splenium, is critical for interhemispheric communication between visual areas. The current study employed diffusion tensor imaging to delineate the complete cortical projection topography of the human splenium. Homotopic and heterotopic connections were revealed between the splenium and the posterior visual areas, including the occipital and the posterior parietal cortices. In nearly one third of participants, there were homotopic connections between the primary visual cortices, suggesting interindividual differences in splenial connectivity. There were also more instances of connections with the right hemisphere, indicating a hemispheric asymmetry in interhemispheric connectivity within the splenium. Combined, these findings demonstrate unique aspects of human interhemispheric connectivity and provide anatomical bases for hemispheric asymmetries in visual processing and a long-described hemispheric asymmetry in speed of interhemispheric communication for visual information.
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Liu, Chia Ju, Chin Fei Huang, Chia Yi Chou, Ming Chi Lu, Yung Yi Chang, and Ming Chung Ho. "Applying Frequency Bands to Explore the Identification of Two Dimensional Figures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.196.
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The aim of this study was to apply frequency bands to explore how mental rotation strategies affect the identification of 2D figures. Eighteen adults were recruited for this study. In the ERP experiments, the participants were required to identify 2D figures with mental rotation. The results showed the differences between the high-achieving (HA) and low-achieving (LA) spatial ability participants in their use of mental rotation for identifying 2D figures. At 300-380 ms, the HA participants showed higher brain activity in the right hemisphere than in other brain areas, whereas the LA participants showed activity in the whole brain. At 520 to 620 ms, the areas of brain activity were in the opposite hemisphere for the HA and LA participants. The highest brain activity was shown in the left hemisphere of the HA participants and in the right hemisphere for the LA participants at 520 to 620 ms. The implication of this study is that right hemisphere specialization for mental rotation might appear in early cognitive processing, but in late cognitive processing, the left hemisphere specialization form of mental rotation might show an advantage.
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Hametner, Christian, Peter Ringleb, and Lars Kellert. "Sex and Hemisphere - A Neglected, Nature-Determined Relationship in Acute Ischemic Stroke." Cerebrovascular Diseases 40, no. 1-2 (2015): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000430999.
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Background: Sex differences in the structural connectome of the brain are clinically highly relevant, but they have mostly been neglected in stroke trials. We investigated the impact of the interaction sex-by-hemisphere on outcome in stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Methods: This is an observational study based on consecutively collected supratentorial stroke patients treated with IVT (n = 1,231). The 3-month modified Rankin scale (mRS) was estimated by adjusted binary (mRS 0-2 for good outcome) and ordinal regression analysis. As baseline characteristics differ substantially between the sexes, we aimed for better covariate balance by employing coarsened exact matching. Results: Sex-by-hemisphere predicted good outcome in the entire cohort (726 left, 505 right hemispheric strokes, p valueinteraction 0.032) and in the matched cohort (338 left, 273 right, p valueinteraction 0.003). Ordinal regression suggested a comparable estimate in the matched cohort (p valueinteraction 0.006). Further investigation revealed relevant between-sex and within-sex risk: right hemispheric strokes in men were 1.54 times (95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.15-2.01) more likely than in women to achieve mRS 0-2. Women with right hemispheric strokes were 0.72 times (95% CI 0.54-0.92) less likely to reach mRS 0-2 than women with left hemispheric strokes. Conversely, men with right hemispheric strokes were 1.35 times (95% CI 1.06-1.70) more likely to achieve mRS 0-2 than men with left hemispheric strokes. Conclusion: This study suggests that outcomes are different in both sexes after IVT when different hemispheres are affected. Further consideration of this hypothesis in clinical trials might help in guiding individualized, injury-specific treatment approaches for acute ischemic stroke.
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Phan, Mimi L., and David S. Vicario. "Hemispheric differences in processing of vocalizations depend on early experience." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 5 (January 19, 2010): 2301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900091107.
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An intriguing phenomenon in the neurobiology of language is lateralization: the dominant role of one hemisphere in a particular function. Lateralization is not exclusive to language because lateral differences are observed in other sensory modalities, behaviors, and animal species. Despite much scientific attention, the function of lateralization, its possible dependence on experience, and the functional implications of such dependence have yet to be clearly determined. We have explored the role of early experience in the development of lateralized sensory processing in the brain, using the songbird model of vocal learning. By controlling exposure to natural vocalizations (through isolation, song tutoring, and muting), we manipulated the postnatal auditory environment of developing zebra finches, and then assessed effects on hemispheric specialization for communication sounds in adulthood. Using bilateral multielectrode recordings from a forebrain auditory area known to selectively process species-specific vocalizations, we found that auditory responses to species-typical songs and long calls, in both male and female birds, were stronger in the right hemisphere than in the left, and that right-side responses adapted more rapidly to stimulus repetition. We describe specific instances, particularly in males, where these lateral differences show an influence of auditory experience with song and/or the bird’s own voice during development.
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Güntürkün, Onur, Felix Ströckens, and Sebastian Ocklenburg. "Brain Lateralization: A Comparative Perspective." Physiological Reviews 100, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 1019–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00006.2019.
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Comparative studies on brain asymmetry date back to the 19th century but then largely disappeared due to the assumption that lateralization is uniquely human. Since the reemergence of this field in the 1970s, we learned that left-right differences of brain and behavior exist throughout the animal kingdom and pay off in terms of sensory, cognitive, and motor efficiency. Ontogenetically, lateralization starts in many species with asymmetrical expression patterns of genes within the Nodal cascade that set up the scene for later complex interactions of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. These take effect during different time points of ontogeny and create asymmetries of neural networks in diverse species. As a result, depending on task demands, left- or right-hemispheric loops of feedforward or feedback projections are then activated and can temporarily dominate a neural process. In addition, asymmetries of commissural transfer can shape lateralized processes in each hemisphere. It is still unclear if interhemispheric interactions depend on an inhibition/excitation dichotomy or instead adjust the contralateral temporal neural structure to delay the other hemisphere or synchronize with it during joint action. As outlined in our review, novel animal models and approaches could be established in the last decades, and they already produced a substantial increase of knowledge. Since there is practically no realm of human perception, cognition, emotion, or action that is not affected by our lateralized neural organization, insights from these comparative studies are crucial to understand the functions and pathologies of our asymmetric brain.
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Linkenauger, Sally A., Jessica K. Witt, Jonathan Z. Bakdash, Jeanine K. Stefanucci, and Dennis R. Proffitt. "Asymmetrical Body Perception." Psychological Science 20, no. 11 (November 2009): 1373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02447.x.
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Perception of one's body is related not only to the physical appearance of the body, but also to the neural representation of the body. The brain contains many body maps that systematically differ between right- and left-handed people. In general, the cortical representations of the right arm and right hand tend to be of greater area in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere for right-handed people, whereas these cortical representations tend to be symmetrical across hemispheres for left-handers. We took advantage of these naturally occurring differences and examined perceived arm length in right- and left-handed people. When looking at each arm and hand individually, right-handed participants perceived their right arms and right hands to be longer than their left arms and left hands, whereas left-handed participants perceived both arms accurately. These experiments reveal a possible relationship between implicit body maps in the brain and conscious perception of the body.
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Eyler, Lisa T., Eero Vuoksimaa, Matthew S. Panizzon, Christine Fennema-Notestine, Michael C. Neale, Chi-Hua Chen, Amy Jak, et al. "Conceptual and Data-based Investigation of Genetic Influences and Brain Asymmetry: A Twin Study of Multiple Structural Phenotypes." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 5 (May 2014): 1100–1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00531.
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Right–left regional cerebral differences are a feature of the human brain linked to functional abilities, aging, and neurodevelopmental and mental disorders. The role of genetic factors in structural asymmetry has been incompletely studied. We analyzed data from 515 individuals (130 monozygotic twin pairs, 97 dizygotic pairs, and 61 unpaired twins) from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging to answer three questions about genetic determinants of brain structural asymmetry: First, does the magnitude of heritability differ for homologous regions in each hemisphere? Despite adequate power to detect regional differences, heritability estimates were not significantly larger in one hemisphere versus the other, except left > right inferior lateral ventricle heritability. Second, do different genetic factors influence left and right hemisphere size in homologous regions? Interhemispheric genetic correlations were high and significant; in only two subcortical regions (pallidum and accumbens) did the estimate statistically differ from 1.0. Thus, there was little evidence for different genetic influences on left and right hemisphere regions. Third, to what extent do genetic factors influence variability in left–right size differences? There was no evidence that variation in asymmetry (i.e., the size difference) of left and right homologous regions was genetically determined, except in pallidum and accumbens. Our findings suggest that genetic factors do not play a significant role in determining individual variation in the degree of regional cortical size asymmetries measured with MRI, although they may do so for volume of some subcortical structures. Despite varying interpretations of existing data, we view the present results as consistent with previous findings.
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Thierry, Guillaume, and Cathy J. Price. "Dissociating Verbal and Nonverbal Conceptual Processing in the Human Brain." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 6 (June 2006): 1018–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.6.1018.
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Functional neuroimaging has highlighted a left-hemisphere conceptual system shared by verbal and nonverbal processing despite neuropsychological evidence that the ability to recognize verbal and nonverbal stimuli can doubly dissociate in patients with left- and right-hemisphere lesions, respectively. Previous attempts to control for perceptual differences between verbal and nonverbal stimuli in functional neuroimaging studies may have hidden differences arising at the conceptual level. Here we used a different approach and controlled for perceptual confounds by looking for amodal verbal and nonverbal conceptual activations that are common to both the visual and auditory modalities. In addition to the left-hemisphere conceptual system activated by all meaningful stimuli, we observed the left/right double dissociation in verbal and nonverbal conceptual processing, predicted by neuropsychological studies. Left middle and superior temporal regions were selectively more involved in comprehending words—heard or read—and the right midfusiform and right posterior middle temporal cortex were selectively more involved in making sense of environmental sounds and images. Thus, the neuroanatomical basis of a verbal/nonverbal conceptual processing dissociation is established.
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Korkman, Marit, and Lennart von Wendt. "Evidence of altered dominance in children with congenital spastic hemiplegia." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1, no. 3 (May 1995): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700000254.
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AbstractThe study aimed at investigating lateralization effects and signs of transfer and crowding in children with congenital lateralized brain damage with the aid of a dichotic listening test, a chimeric test, and verbal and nonverbal neuropsychological tests. Thirty-three children with spastic hemiplegia and 86 control children (age 5.0–12.0 yr) were assessed. Children with left-hemisphere damage (n = 17) were found to have a pathological left-ear advantage for verbal material, and children with right-hemisphere damage (n = 16) were found to have a pathological right visual half-field advantage for visual material. Children with left-hemisphere damage and a left-ear advantage on the dichotic test were also found to have a right visual half-field advantage on the chimeric test, which was regarded as a sign of reversed dominance. No verbal or nonverbal differences emerged between the left-hemisphere and the right-hemisphere damage groups, nor did differences emerge when the children were reclassified by considering children with left-hemisphere damage and signs of reversed dominance as having damage to the nondominant hemisphere. It was concluded that although lateralized brain damage may alter the dominance for verbal and visual functions, there is still considerable inter-individual variability with respect to inter- and intrahemispheric neural adjustment to damage. The dichotic and the chimeric tests did not indicate the presence of brain damage accurately, but they indicated the lateralization of damage in children with stated abnormality with a high degree (91.3%) of accuracy. (JINS, 1995, I, 261–270.)
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Braun, C. M. J., Y. Boulanger, M. Labelle, A. Khiat, M. Dumont, and C. Mailloux. "Brain metabolic differences as a function of hemisphere, writing hand preference, and gender." Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition 7, no. 2 (April 2002): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576500143000212.
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Tislerova, B., M. Kopecek, P. Sos, J. Audrlicky, M. Brunovsky, and J. Horacek. "Differences in brain electrical activity after the cerebellar hemisphere and the vermis rTMS." European Psychiatry 23 (April 2008): S287—S288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.614.
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Kozyolkin, O. A., and A. A. Kuznietsov. "ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC MARKERS OF LATERAL SHIFTS OF BRAIN MIDLINE STRUCTURES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SPONTANEOUS SUPRATENTORIAL INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, no. 3 (November 12, 2020): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.3.124.
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The aim of this study is to improve the diagnostic approaches in acute period of spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage by detecting the most informative parameters of spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic pattern in the evaluation of cerebral bioelectrical activity changes caused by the lateral shifts of brain midline structures. Materials and methods. We carried out clinical and paraclinical examination of 156 patients (90 men and 66 women, mean age 66,7±0,8 years) with firstly appeared hypertensive spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. The diagnosis was based on the findings of computed tomography. Lateral shift was evaluated as an average from septum pellucidum and pineal gland displacements. Clinical neurological investigation included the evaluation according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Computed electroencephalography was carried out within the first 48 hours from the disease onset. Spectral rhythm power, fronto-occipital gradients, interhemispheric rhythm asymmetry parameters were analyzed. Statistical processing included evaluating differences between the groups studied, logistic regression analysis, ROC-analysis. Results. No lateral shift of brain midline structure was found in 57 (36.5%) patients; lateral shift ranged from 1-5mm was diagnosed in 72 (46.2%) patients; the lateral shift over 5 mm was found in 27 (17.3%) patients. We have found out the following values can be used as electroencephalographic criteria of lateral shift of brain midline structures: values of relative spectral power rhythm of alpha band ≤20,5% in affected hemisphere (Se=79,8%, Sp=77,2%) and ≤17,7% in intact hemisphere (Se=71,7%, 75,4%), fronto-occipital rhythm gradients of alpha2 band >–0,085 in affected hemisphere (Se=71,7%, Sp=63,2%) and >–0,266 in intact hemisphere (Se=80,8%, Sp=54,4%), while relative spectral rhythm power of delta band >48,4% in affected hemisphere (Se=88,9%, Sp=74,2%) and >46,8% in intact hemisphere (Se=92,6%, Sp=72,4%), fronto-occipital rhythm gradients of alpha band >–0,001 in affected hemisphere (Se=81,5%, Sp=65,1%). These values demonstrate disturbances in cerebral bioelectrical activity caused by lateral shift over 5 mm. Conclusions. The values of relative spectral rhythm power and fronto-occipital rhythm gradients of alpha band in affected and intact hemispheres are the most informative parameters of spectral electroencephalographic pattern analysis for detection of bioelectrical brain activity deteriorations caused by the lateral shift of brain midline structure due to acute spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage.