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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Brain – Effect of drugs on

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Academic literature on the topic 'Brain – Effect of drugs on'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Brain – Effect of drugs on"

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Toth, Miklos. "Epigenetic Neuropharmacology: Drugs Affecting the Epigenome in the Brain." Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 61, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030220-022920.

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This review explores how different classes of drugs, including those with therapeutic and abuse potential, alter brain functions and behavior via the epigenome. Epigenetics, in its simplest interpretation, is the study of the regulation of a genes’ transcriptional potential. The epigenome is established during development but is malleable throughout life by a wide variety of drugs, with both clinical utility and abuse potential. An epigenetic effect can be central to the drug's therapeutic or abuse potential, or it can be independent from the main effect but nevertheless produce beneficial or adverse side effects. Here, I discuss the various epigenetic effects of main pharmacological drug classes, including antidepressants, antiepileptics, and drugs of abuse.

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AHMED, SAIMA, MUHAMMAD ASADULLAH, and ATA-UR REHMAN. "EFFECT OF DRUGS;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 01 (December 10, 2012): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.01.586.

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ABSTRACT... Objective: The aim of this study was to determine head-dipping exploratory test parameter as a measure of strongmodulating effect on brain and behavior. Design: It was an observational animal study. Setting: University of Karachi. Period: Jan 2004 toJuly 2006. Material & methods: In this present study, drugs used reserpine, nux- vomica; anacardium and chlorpromazine were widerange of pharmacological actions. We evaluate the effectiveness of these drugs as agents with modulating effect on brain and behavioraccessed by head dipping parameter. In this study, 25 mice were included belonging to both sexes. The study animals were divided intofive groups of five animals each. Four groups were given drugs and one group was kept as control. Mice (20-35g) of either sex were usedin this study. One group was kept as control for drugs. Mice were kept under room temperature. Tap-water was allowed ad-Libitum.30minutes after giving drugs, animals were observed for 10 minutes with two minutes of interval. Tablet crushed in 10ml of water, 1cc wasgiven. Screening method used was head dipping. Results: Strychnos Nux-Vomica when used in a dose of 0.07mg has strong action oncholinergic system, CNS activity and frequent head dipping (39.8±28.8) was observed. Rauwolfia serpentine is an active alkaloidparticularly present in reserpine (62.2±43.4) no significant head dipping effect was observed. Anacardium (37.2±28.6) &Chlorpromazine (39.4±32.4), show decrease effects. Keeping in view, the medicinal importance of these herbs, our present study wasdesigned to screen these drugs for CNS activity on albino mice.

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Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Roberto Roiz-Santiáñez, Rocío Pérez-Iglesias, José M. Pelayo-Terán, José M. Rodríguez-Sánchez, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, MariLuz Ramírez, et al. "Effect of antipsychotic drugs on brain morphometry." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 32, no. 8 (December 2008): 1936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.09.020.

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Jaddoa, Estabraq, Jinit Masania, Eva Masiero, Tiziana Sgamma, Randolph Arroo, Daniel Sillence, and Tyra Zetterström. "Effect of antidepressant drugs on the brain sphingolipid system." Journal of Psychopharmacology 34, no. 7 (May 14, 2020): 716–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881120915412.

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Background: Major depression is a common mood disorder and the central sphingolipid system has been identified as a possible drug target of this condition. Here we investigated the action of antidepressant drugs on sphingolipid levels in rat brain regions, plasma and in cultured mouse macrophages. Methods: Two antidepressant drugs were tested: the serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine and the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor desipramine, either following acute or chronic treatments. Content of sphingosine and ceramide were analysed using LC-MS or HPLC-UV, respectively. This was from samples of brain, plasma and cultured mouse macrophages. Antidepressant-induced effects on mRNA expression for two key genes of the sphingolipid pathway, SMPD1 and ASAH1, were also measured by using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Chronic but not acute administration of paroxetine or desipramine reduced sphingosine levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (only paroxetine) but not in the striatum. Ceramide levels were also measured in the hippocampus following chronic paroxetine and likewise to sphingosine this treatment reduced its levels. The corresponding collected plasma samples from chronically treated animals did not show any decrease of sphingosine compared to the corresponding controls. Both drugs failed to reduce sphingosine levels from cultured mouse macrophages. The drug-induced decrease of sphingolipids coincided with reduced mRNA expression of two enzymes of the central sphingolipid pathway, i.e. acid sphingomyelinase ( SMPD1) and acid ceramidase ( ASAH1). Conclusions: This study supports the involvement of brain sphingolipids in the mechanism of action by antidepressant drugs and for the first time highlights their differential effects on brain versus plasma levels.

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Wahab Alahmari, Abdul. "The Neuroimaging Documentation of Psychedelic Drugs’ Effect on the Brain: dmt, lsd, Psilocybin, and Ibogaine as Examples: A Mini Review." Brain and Neurological Disorders 5, no. 2 (June 21, 2022): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9422/027.

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Many psychedelics drugs are praised on social media platforms like YouTube by non-experts or bias documentaries claiming that these drugs have therapeutic effects on addicted patients or clarity of the mind. The aim of this paper is to collect a neuroimaging documentation of these psychedelics’ drugs and their effect on the brain. That can be documented on MRI, CT, or any other imaging modalities.

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Paulus, Walter, Guntram Schwarz, and Bernhard J. Steinhoff. "The effect of anti–epileptic drugs on visual perception in patients with epilepsy." Brain 119, no. 2 (1996): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/119.2.539.

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Grøndahl, Tor Ø., and Iver A. Langmoen. "Epileptogenic effect of antibiotic drugs." Journal of Neurosurgery 78, no. 6 (June 1993): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.6.0938.

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✓ The epileptogenicity of antibiotic drugs represents a clinical problem, and it is well known that the use of penicillin and certain other preparations can induce seizures. In the present study, the authors investigated the epileptogenic properties of different concentrations of 12 commonly used antibiotic medications belonging to seven separate groups. The drugs were tested in the hippocampus, which has a low threshold for the development of epileptiform activity. The hippocampal slice technique, using rat tissue, was employed since absence of the blood-brain barrier allows administration of the drugs in known concentrations. The preparation was exposed to antibiotics in known concentrations and the amplitude and number of population spikes were recorded. Penicillin G was used as a reference substance. Cloxacillin (≥ 1 gm/liter), cephalothin (≥ 1 gm/liter), gentamicin (≥ 80 mg/liter), chloramphenicol (≥ 1 gm/liter), ciprofloxacin (≥ 50 mg/liter), erythromycin (≥ 1 gm/liter), and ampicillin (≥ 1 gm/liter) showed moderate to marked epileptogenic effects, whereas cefuroxime, clindamycin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, and tobramycin had no epileptogenic effects.

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Breggin, Peter R. "Intoxication Anosognosia: The Spellbinding Effect of Psychiatric Drugs." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 8, no. 3 (December 2006): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/ehppij-v8i3a003.

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Why do so many individuals persist in taking psychoactive substances, including psychiatric drugs, after adverse mental and behavioral effects have become severe and even disabling? The author has previously proposed the brain-disabling principle of psychiatric treatment that all somatic psychiatric treatments impair the function of the brain and mind. Intoxication anosognosia (medication spellbinding) is an expression of this drug-induced mental disability. Intoxication anosognosia causes the victim to underestimate the degree of drug-induced mental impairment, to deny the harmful role that the drug plays in the person’s altered state, and in many cases compel the individual to mistakenly believe that he or she is functioning better. In the extreme, the individual displays out-of-character compulsively destructive behaviors, including violence toward self and others.

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Levin, Aaron. "Brain Imaging, Other Advances Reveal Drugs’ Effects on Brain." Psychiatric News 48, no. 12 (June 12, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2013.6b36.

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Roy, Ranadhir, Daniel N. Riahi, and Jorge Cisneros. "Effect of Combined Anticancer Drugs Treatment on Heterogeneous Brain Tumors." International Journal of Applied and Computational Mathematics 3, no. 4 (April 6, 2017): 3877–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40819-017-0331-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brain – Effect of drugs on"

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Daley, Emma. "The effect of mitochondrial membranolytic drugs on brain tumours in vitro." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272349.

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Gabriel, Kara Irene. "Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure and postnatal handling on cognition/behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress responsiveness in Sprague-Dawley rats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ56547.pdf.

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Li, Yuhong, and n/a. "Effect of alcohol exposure in early gestation on brain development." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070502.100319.

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, has been extensively studied in the human. Animal studies show that alcohol exposure during very early development may result in severe brain damage, often incompatible with a postnatal life. However, for surviving offspring it is unknown whether they suffer long term brain damage. The final assembly of the mature brain results from a controlled balance between proliferation of glial and neuronal precursors and programmed cell death. The overall aim of the current study was to use a physiologically relevant mouse model to assess the acute and long-term effects of binge alcohol exposure on the early embryo, to simulate human pregnancy at the third week of gestation when pregnancy may be undetected. A number of paradigms were used to assess the acute dose-response effect, the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) profile and the extent of cell death following alcohol exposure on gestational day (G) 7.5. The exposure paradigms were single binge IG6.5, IG4.5, IP4.5, or an extended binge IG4.5+, IG3.0+. Two control groups were Con6.5 and Con4.5+. Acute cell death was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), activated caspase-3 staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Cell proliferation was investigated using S-phase immuno-labeling, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) birthdating and immuno-detection (BrdU/anti-BrdU). The long-term effects were investigated at G18.5 and postnatal day (PN) 60. Unbiased stereological methods were used to assess the effect of ethanol exposure at G7.5 on neocortical volume, cell number and density of neurons, glial cells, and capillary cells at PN60. The first principal finding of the present study was that binge ethanol exposure during gastrulation resulted in acute apoptotic cell death in the ectoderm of the mouse embryo. Cell death was dependent on both peak BAC and the duration of elevated BAC. Significant increased cell death (TUNEL labeling) was observed in groups IG6.5 (9.43 � 2.08%) and IG4.5+ (8.97 � 2.12%) compared with control groups Con6.5 (2.14 � 0.09%) and Con4.5+ (2.81 � 0.36%). There was no significant increased cell death in ethanol exposed groups IG4.5 (3.43 � 0.45%), IP4.5 (3.68 � 0.67%), or IG3.0+ (1.72 � 0.24%). TEM analysis revealed that cell death exhibited characteristics of the apoptotic pathway. The second principal finding of the present study was that binge ethanol exposure during gastrulation resulted in acute arrested proliferation in the ectoderm of the mouse embryo. The S-phase proliferation was significantly decreased within the whole ectoderm in the ethanol exposed group IG6.5 (45.58 � 2.34%) compared with control group Con6.5 (62.08 � 3.11%). The third principal finding of the present study was that binge ethanol exposure during gastrulation induced the long term effect of laminate disorganization in the neocortex. The incidence of abnormal lamination was 87.5% in IG6.5 compared with 16.7% in IG3.0+ and 14.3% in Con6.5. Although ethanol exposure increased embryonic reabsorption, decreased litter size, and increased abnormal offspring, neocortical volume, and the total number of neurons, glial cells, and capillary cells was not affected. The total number (10⁶) of neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells respectively was 12.221 � 0.436, 4.865 � 0.167, and 2.874 � 0.234 in IG6.5; 11.987 � 0.416, 4.942 � 0.133, and 2.922 � 0.130 in IG3.0+; and 11.806 � 0.368, 5.166 � 0.267, and 3.284 � 0.217 in controls, at PN60. These results provide important information pertinent to fetal outcome for those women who drink heavily in early pregnancy. The results also demonstrate the importance of the pattern of ethanol exposure and blood alcohol concentration in determining the magnitude of ethanol�s teratogenic impact. Ethanol exposure on G7.5 that resulted in a high transient BAC, induced disorganized neocortical lamination, indicative of a permanent structural change. This disruption may result in altered neocortical function and requires further investigation.

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Heiberg, Ludvig. "An electrophoretic study of fetal mouse brain proteins after in vivo exposure to phenytoin and disulfiram." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27187.

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Although there have been two-dimensional electrophoretic studies on fetal brain tissue (for instance, Yoshida and Takahashi, 1980), the emphasis in most of this work has been on developmental changes in protein expression, and not on the effects that drugs have on fetal brain protein complement. Klose and co-workers (1977) did an early study using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to determine the effects of various teratogens on whole embryos. No protein changes were found and that line of research was not continued. In this study two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is extensively used, in the belief that the usefulness of this technique to experimental teratology has not been fully evaluated. It is reasonable to suppose that a central nervous system teratogen administered during critical periods of susceptibility will led to perturbations of orderly brain development, and that these perturbations will be reflected as changes to the protein complement. The total brain protein complement of mice that have been exposed to drugs in utero will therefore be analysed, in the hope that any inductions or deletions of proteins as a result of drug exposure may provide a clue to the molecular events underlying drug injury to the fetus.

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Cader, Sarah. "Cognitive function in multiple sclerosis and its modulation by cholinergic drugs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d07ad815-4fc6-43b7-96dc-97a2705d6c6a.

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In order to assess cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the effect of cholinergic modulation, experiments were conducted using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the brain activation during cognitive tasks. A study comparing the processing of verbal working memory with an N-back task found that patients showed smaller increase in activation than healthy controls with greater task difficulty, suggesting a reduced functional reserve. Controls and patients showed differences of correlations between brain regions activated. Interactions between prefrontal regions may provide an adaptive mechanism that could limit clinical expression of the disease distinct from recruitment of novel processing regions. The effect of Rivastigmine on the cognitive processing in MS patients was tested in a longitudinal study, involving serial fMRI scans. Changes in the brain activation patterns were demonstrated with drug administration, without any changes in behavioural measures. Rivastigmine may act to increase the functioning of the normal neural network reducing the need for previously recruited compensatory mechanisms in MS patients. A study on healthy subjects examined the effect of cholinergic inhibition on cognitive processing and brain activation. Changes in functional activation due to Hyoscine during verbal working memory were found analogous to that in MS patients without any changes in behavioural measures. Processes that potentially impair brain cognitive function may recruit similar compensatory functional adaptive mechanisms. Studies on rats and MS patients explored the effect of Rivastigmine on the relationship of the BOLD fMRI signal with the underlying neural activity. Rivastigmine may be influencing the cortical excitability after direct cortical stimulation but showed only a small effect on the BOLD signal under more physiological neural activity. The neural activity in response to visual stimulation is slightly increased with Rivastigmine in MS patients, a change not detected with functional imaging. These studies suggest that changes in BOLD signal do represent sufficiently large changes of underlying neural activity in the presence of Rivastigmine. The relationship of damage in MS to measures of connectivity was studied using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Correlation was found between measures of connectivity and callosal size, a measure of fibre loss. The distribution of lesions was spatially correlated with changes in connectivity due to MS. Thus DTI could be utilized to explore the connectivity changes associated with MS, and the relationship with changes in functional activation.

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Sharpley, Ann Louise. "The effect of drugs altering brain 5-hydroxytryptamine function on slow wave sleep in humans." Thesis, Open University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293567.

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Husum, Bak-Jensen Henriette. "Maternal deprivation and mood stabilizing drugs : effects on rat brain NPY /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-348-1/.

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Gruber, Susanne H. M. "Novel mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs : effects on neuropeptides in rat brain /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibliotek], 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-229-9.

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Muhammad, Arif, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Metaplasticity : how experience during brain development influences the subsequent exposure to a drug of abuse." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Neuroscience, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2623.

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The influence of experience during brain development was investigated on juvenile behavior, adult amphetamine sensitization, and neuronal structural plasticity in rats. Two experiential factors (i.e., tactile stimulation and stress) were studied either before or soon after birth. Early experience feminized social behavior in males; however, only stress enhanced anxiety-like behavior in males. Repeated amphetamine administration resulted in the development and persistence of behavioral sensitization. However, tactile stimulation attenuated the drug-induced behavioral sensitization whereas stress failed to influence the degree of sensitization. Neuroanatomical findings revealed that early experience altered the cortical and subcortical structures. Furthermore, drug exposure reorganized the brain structures involved in addiction but early experience prevented the drug-associated changes. Early adverse experience influences the subsequent exposure to a drug of abuse at anatomical level whereas a favorable experience has an effect both at behavioral and anatomical levels and thus may play a protective role against drug-induced sensitization and addiction.
xii, 263 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm

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Benjamin, Daniel E. (Daniel Ernest). "The effects of sustained gepirone administration on rodent brain 5-HT receptors and behavioral analogues of anxiety." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798440/.

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Clinical evidence has demonstrated that the anxiolytic effects produced by the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonist, gepirone, increase progressively over one to three weeks of treatment.

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Books on the topic "Brain – Effect of drugs on"

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Friedman, David P. Drugs and the brain. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1991.

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National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Clinical Center, ed. Drugs and the brain. Bethesda, Md. (9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda 20892): National Institutes of Health, The Clinical Center, 1993.

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Drugs and the brain. New York: Scientific American Books, 1986.

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Edelson, Edward. Drugs & the brain. New York: Chelsea House Publications, 1987.

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Brain systems, disordersand psychotropic drugs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

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Drugs and your brain. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1998.

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Ashton, Heather. Brain systems, disorders, and psychotropic drugs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

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August, Paul Nordstrom. Brain function. New York: Chelsea House, 1988.

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ill, Neuhaus David, ed. Focus on drugs and the brain. Frederick, Md: Twenty-first Century Books, 1990.

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Friedman, David P. False messengers: How addictive drugs change the brain. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Brain – Effect of drugs on"

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Pugliese, Anna Maria, Elisabetta Coppi, Federica Cherchi, and Giancarlo Pepeu. "Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Psychotropic Drugs." In Brain and Heart Dynamics, 707–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28008-6_45.

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Pugliese, Anna Maria, Elisabetta Coppi, Federica Cherchi, and Giancarlo Pepeu. "Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Psychotropic Drugs." In Brain and Heart Dynamics, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90305-7_45-1.

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Govoni, Stefano. "Psychiatric and Neurological Effects of Cardiovascular Drugs." In Brain and Heart Dynamics, 731–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28008-6_46.

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Govoni, S. "Psychiatric and Neurological Effects of Cardiovascular Drugs." In Brain and Heart Dynamics, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90305-7_46-1.

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Rodriguez de Turco, Elena B. "Drugs Affecting Membrane Lipid Catabolism: The Brain Free Fatty Acid Effect." In Phospholipid Research and the Nervous System, 57–66. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0490-4_7.

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Jain, Kewal K. "Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Effects of Drugs on the Brain." In Drug-induced Neurological Disorders, 27–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73503-6_3.

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Costa, C., M. Biasiolo, F. Ceccherelli, and A. Segatto. "EFFECTS OF ANALGESIC DRUGS ON BRAIN SEROTONIN METABOLISM IN." In Progress in Tryptophan and Serotonin Research 1986, edited by David A. Bender, Michael H. Joseph, Walter Kochen, and Hans Steinhart, 81–84. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110854657-024.

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Darling, J. L., and D. G. T. Thomas. "Assay of Anticancer Drugs in Tissue Culture: The Effect of Cell Kinetics and the Mode of Action of Drugs on the Chemosensitivity of Cultures Derived from Malignant Brain Tumours." In Brain Oncology Biology, diagnosis and therapy, 369–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3347-7_66.

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Franklin, K. B. J. "Stress, Amino Acids and the Behavioural Effects of Drugs." In Amino Acid Availability and Brain Function in Health and Disease, 291–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73175-4_27.

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Mertoğlu, Elif, Aslıhan Şengelen, Ezgi Kıyga, and Evren Önay-Uçar. "Therapeutic Drugs and Natural Products: The Effect of Suppressing Heat Shock Proteins (Hsp) in Brain Tumors." In Heat Shock Proteins in Neuroscience, 189–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24285-5_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Brain – Effect of drugs on"

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Rautiola, Davin, and Ronald A. Siegel. "Nasal Spray Device for Administration of Two-Part Drug Formulations." In 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2019-3216.

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Intranasal drug delivery is an attractive route to noninvasively achieve a rapid therapeutic effect, avoid first pass metabolism, and bypass the blood brain barrier. However, the types of drugs that can be administered by this route has been limited, in part, by device technology. Herein, we describe a pneumatic nasal spray device that is capable of mixing liquid and solid components of a drug formulation as part of the actuation process during dose administration. The ability to store a nasal spray drug formulation as two separate components can be leveraged to solve a variety of stability issues that would otherwise preclude intranasal administration. Examples of drugs that could be delivered intranasally by utilizing this two-part formulation strategy include biomolecules that are unstable in solution and low solubility drugs that can be rendered into metastable supersaturated solutions. A proof of concept nasal spray device prototype was constructed to demonstrate that a liquid and solid can be rapidly mixed and atomized into a spray in a single action. The primary breakup distance and angle of the spray cone were measured as a function of the function of the propellant gas pressure.

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Ley, Obdulia, and Yildiz Bayazitoglu. "Effect of Physiological Parameters on the Temperature Distribution of a Layered Head Model." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32044.

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Brain temperature control is important in clinical therapy, because moderate temperature reduction of brain temperature increases the survival rate after head trauma. A factor that affects the brain temperature distribution is the cerebral blood flow, which is controlled by autoregulatory mechanisms. To improve the existing thermal models of brain, we incorporate the effect of the temperature over the metabolic heat generation, and the regulatory processes that control the cerebral blood perfusion and depend on physiological parameters like, the mean arterial blood pressure, the partial pressure of oxygen, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption. The introduction of these parameters in a thermal model gives information about how specific conditions, such as brain edema, hypoxia, hypercapnia, or hypotension, affect the temperature distribution within the brain. Existing biological thermal models of the human brain, assume constant blood perfusion, and neglect metabolic heat generation or consider it constant, which is a valid assumption for healthy tissue. But during sickness, trauma or under the effect of drugs like anesthetics, the metabolic activity and organ blood flow vary considerably, and such variations must be accounted for in order to achieve accurate thermal modeling. Our work, on a layered head model, shows that variations of the physiological parameters have profound effect on the temperature gradients within the head.

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Pishko, Gregory L., Morad Nasseri, Seymur Gahramanov, Leslie L. Muldoon, and Edward A. Neuwelt. "Blood-Tumor Barrier Normalization Effects on Cytotoxic Drug Delivery to Brain Tumors." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14648.

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The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts delivery of anti-cancer drugs to brain tumors, but the leaky neovasculature of the blood-tumor barrier (BTB) permits systemically delivered cytotoxic agents to reach the tumor. Anti-angiogenic therapies such as bevacizumab (BEV) have been shown to “normalize” brain tumor vasculature,1 but the impact on chemotherapy delivery remains unclear.2 The goal of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the consequences of BTB normalization, via BEV, on temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. Non-invasive MRI techniques were used to track the transport of a chemotherapy surrogate, a low molecular contrast agent (Gd-DTPA), in an intracerebrally implanted human glioma. MRI-derived Gd-DTPA concentration curves were fit to a transvascular exchange model to measure vascular permeability changes and were used to quantify initial area under the gadolinium curve (IAUGC) over the course of treatment.

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Vazquez, Louis C., Erik Hagel, Bradley J. Willenberg, Christopher D. Batich, and Malisa Sarntinoranont. "Effect of Polymer Coated Needles on Infusate Backflow During Convection-Enhanced Delivery." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19557.

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Currently, many central nervous system disorders cannot be treated effectively using conventional drug delivery methods such as oral and intravenous drug administration. Therapeutic agents for such disorders often contain polar proteins with high molecular weight compounds (i.e. enzymes, antibodies and gene vectors) that are too large to diffuse through the tight junctions of the blood brain barrier (BBB) [1]. Moreover, it has been shown that low molecular weight compounds, though highly diffusive within brain tissue and tumors, have a limited distribution of just a few millimeters from the site of delivery due to loss via capillaries [1]. Direct infusion into the brain using convection-enhanced delivery (CED) as a supplement to diffusion is a technique that can circumvent these limitations by allowing one to utilize bulk flow to achieve much greater drug concentrations throughout the targeted area [1].

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Moreira, Maria Eduarda, Ana Carolina Soares de Lira, Bárbara Letícia Barreto Ramos Aragão, Amuriama Suassuna, and Kelly Farias. "Effects of using cannabidiol on a patient with difficult- tocontrol epilepsy." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.674.

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Introduction: Epilepsies are chronic neurological syndromes, characterized by spontaneous and recurrent crises. It is estimated that there is a worldwide prevalence of 1.0% and that around 30% of patients remain refractory to drug treatment. The active Cannabis plant has been used for medicinal purposes. Extracts with a high CBD content have been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of epileptic seizures. Objective: To expose the therapeutic effects of CBD and its consequences in a patient with crises that are difficult to control. Methodology: Case study. Results: Male patient, 18 years old, has epileptic seizures that are difficult to control since he was 7 months old. Progressively, he presented loss of motor functions, social and environmental interaction, and even with the combination of antiepileptic drugs, the crises remained uncontrolled. Magnetic resonance examinations indicate hypogenesis of the corpus callosum, volumetric reduction of the cerebellar vermis, increase of the cerebrospinal fluid space, posteriorly displaced brain stem, with volumetric loss. The diagnosis suggests Dandy-Walker and West syndrome. In 2017, it started using CBD and currently has an 85% reduction in crises. There was an increase in personal and environmental interaction, improved levels of concentration and bimanual skills, and began to express emotions and feelings more clearly. Conclusion: CBD represents a promising alternative for epileptic refractory patients to drug treatment, which can prevent the occurrence of brain damage and modify the natural history of the disease and the quality of life.

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Alekseeva, Anna, Alexander Khalansky, Olga Maksimenko, Nadezhda Osipova, Kenul Abbasova, Joerg Kreuter, and Svetlana Gelperina. "Distinct Effects of Topical Nitroglycerol on Brain Delivery of Free and Nanoparticle-Bound Drugs in Rodents." In The 2nd World Congress on Recent Advances in Nanotechnology. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/nddte17.109.

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Liang, Zhenhu, Duan Li, and Xiaoli Li. "Comparison of Permutation Entropy Index and Bispectral Index for Monitoring Effects of Anesthetic Drugs to Brain Activity." In 2009 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305459.

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Gürel, Duygu Benzer, and Özlem Çağındı. "The Effect of Functional Foods on Mood, Cognitive Function and Well-Being." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.023.

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The concept of food as medicine is not new. The use of foods to prevent and/or treat certain diseases can be found in ancient drawings and writings. The most famous statement came from Hippocrates, who said “Let food be thy medicine.” It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics to recognize that although all foods provide some level of physiological function, the term, “functional foods” is defined as whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet regularly at effective levels based on significant standards of evidence. The most prominent results indicated that high total intake of fruits and vegetables, and some of their specific subgroups including berries, citrus, and green leafy vegetables, may promote higher levels of optimism and self-efficacy, as well as reduce the level of psychological distress, ambiguity, and cancer fatalism, and protect against depressive symptoms. Flavonoids are a class of organic polyphenolic compounds found in varying concentrations in plant-based whole foods such as berries, tea, cocoa, soybeans, and grains. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids can be beneficial to both cognitive and physiological health. As such, long term chronic supplementation with flavonoids has been investigated extensively, particularly concerning cognitive ageing and related neurodegenerative disorders. Less attention has been given to the acute effect of flavonoids on cognitive outcomes, within the immediate 0–6 h post ingestion. Therefore, the general recommendation to consume at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day may be beneficial also for mental health. Immediate cognitive enhancement is often desirable in academic and work environments, such as during an exam or assessment. Besides, support a positive role for the nutrients EPA, DHA, magnesium, alpha-tocopherol, and folic acid, either alone or in combination with drugs, in the preservation of normal brain function and mental well-being. In this study, the effects of consumption of some functions on mood, cognitive function and mental health were investigated. Scientific findings support the combination of micro and macronutrients in a balanced and varied diet along with a healthy lifestyle for the maintenance of normal brain function, improvement of mental abilities, concentration, memory and alertness. Food components actively participate in the generation of nerve impulses by influencing neurotransmitters that activate different parts of the brain, thereby regulating our mental abilities, emotions and mood.

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Soares, Mariana, Ana Clara Mota Gonçalo, Kaline dos Santos Kishishita Castro, and Victoria de Menezes Sá Lazera. "Use of cannabidiol as a therapeutic method in epilepsy." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.388.

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Introduction: Cannabis sativa has several therapeutic properties and has been used for millennials for healing purposes. Among its benefits are analgesic, antiemetic and tranquilizing effects, acting strongly on the nervous system. Objective: This study aims to emphasize the importance of Cannabidiol as a therapeutic purpose for epilepsy, especially in Brazil, where its use is still controlled. Method: A systematic literature review, using bibliographic searches carried out in the electronic databases LILACS, PubMed and SciELO with the descriptors “cannabidiol” and “epilepsy”. Of 1645 searches found, 06 were used in the study. Results: Epileptic seizures can be generalized or partial and are determined by the affected area. The treatment for epilepsy are drugs that decrease the arousal capacity of neural tissue and a significant percentage of individuals cannot control them with traditional drugs alone. Endocannabinoids work in response to epileptiform activity, to activate CB1 receptors for excitatory neurons, to contain excess neuronal activity, which occurs during seizures. It is proven that patients who use it do not have toxic adverse effects. Conclusions: In Brazil, Cannabis is a controlled drug and the fact that it is imported, interfere in the treatment, who is interrupted while patient waits the new dosage. The importance of cannabidiol as a target for research and studies is verified, as it has ample potential in the treatment of epilepsy and reduces brain damage caused by it. In order that patients with epilepsy, have improvements in their quality of life.

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Silva, Thais Ellen de Ramos, Diego Rodrigues Castelhano, Cintia Anchieta, and Bruna Kuhn de Freitas Silva. "Benefits of using cannabidiol in the treatment of dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson’s." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.301.

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Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological, chronic, and progressive disease that causes the death of brain cells, especially in the area responsible for the production of dopamine, which, among other functions, controls body movements. The first signs of PD are usually hand tremors, muscle stiffness, pain, dizziness, sleep disturbances, respiratory and urinary systems. In this context, cannabidiol (CBD) has been a source of research to improve institutional motor disorders. Objectives: Compile scientific evidence on the use of cannabidiol to improve dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson’s. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, through the selection of scientific articles, available in the virtual databases: PubMed, Scielo, and Google academic, published between the years 2018 to 2021. Results: CBD has a positive effect, bradykinesia, tremors, stiffness and psychotic, mood and sleep disorders, quality of life, its adverse effects are observed with low frequency. In addition, there seems to be a beneficial drug interaction between CBD and levodopa (l-DOPA), the drug of choice for the treatment of this disease. The prolonged use of this drug causes a type of dyskinesia, known as DOPA- induced dyskinesias (LIDs). Thus, modulation of the endocannabinoid system through CBD presents itself as a possible promising therapy for the control of PD and LIDs. Conclusion: Studies induced expressive results regarding the use of CBD to treat PD. However, as there is still no consensus, specific studies are carried out to assess the safety of using CBD in patients with long-term PD and its possible beneficial interaction with antiparkinsonian drugs.

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Reports on the topic "Brain – Effect of drugs on"

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Li, Xiao, GX Xu, FY Ling, ZH Yin, Y. Wei,, Y. Zhao, Xn Li, WC Qi, L. Zhao, and FR Liang. The dose-effect association between electroacupuncture sessions and its effect on chronic migraine: a protocol of a meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0085.

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Review question / Objective: We will use a meta-regression approach to verify the dose-effect relationship between the number of electroacupuncture sessions and its effects on migraine. Condition being studied: Migraine is recurrent and chronic, requiring long-term control, but the side effects caused by long-term use limit the use of pharmacotherapy, like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), ergoamines and opioids. With fewer side effects and lower cost, acupuncture is becoming a more attractive option for migraine. Relevant studies have confirmed the clinical effects of electroacupuncture on migraine and its effects on intracranial blood flow velocity, functional brain imaging and neuroinflammation. However, uncertainty exists regarding the dose-effect between electroacupuncture and migraine. In recent years, inspired by the dose-effect researches in pharmacology and epidemiology, researches focusing on the dose-effect association between acupuncture and diseases has also begun to emerge. So in this protocol, we designed to use a meta-regression approach to explore the optimal electroacupuncture dose for migraine.

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Lichtenberg, Frank. The Effect of New Drugs on Mortality from Rare Diseases and HIV. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8677.

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Crosland, Richard D. Effect of Drugs on the Lethality in Mice of the Venoms and Neurotoxins from Sundry Snakes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada228245.

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Phillips, Peter C. Early Detection of NF1 Brain Tumor Growth and Treatment Response by MRI, MRS and PET in a Trial of Novel Antitumor Drugs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada376214.

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Kochanek, Patrick M. Emergency Interventions After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats: Effect on Neuropatholgy and Functional Outcome. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada360938.

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Drummond, Sean P. The Effect of Total Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep on Cognitive on Performance and Brain Function. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446876.

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Lleras-Muney, Adriana, and Frank Lichtenberg. The Effect of Education on Medical Technology Adoption: Are the More Educated More Likely to Use New Drugs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9185.

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MacGregor, Andrew J., Amber L. Dougherty, and Michael R. Galarneau. The Effect of Armed Forces Qualification Test Score on Mental Health Outcome Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada561543.

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LI, Na, Xia AI, Xinrong Guo, Juan Liu, Rongchao Zhang, and Ruihui Wang. Effect of acupuncture treatment on cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury in adults: A systematic review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0113.

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Review question / Objective: Are acupuncture more effective than control interventions (i.e. treatment as sham acupuncture or placebo) in the treatment of motor and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury in adults? Information sources: search database:The following electronic databases will be searched for relevant literature: the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Springer, the Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM),Wanfang, and. the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP). Time limit: the searches will be conducted from the inception of each database to November 30, 2021. Protocol of Systematic review and Meta analysis of acupuncture in the treatment of cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury and the included literatures were all RCTS with English and Chinese on language.

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Xie, Yunhui, and Peng Pang. A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis: Effect of of GLP-1 drugs on weight loss in obese people. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0074.

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Review question / Objective: 1、Whether GLP-1 drugs have weight loss effect on obese people ? 2、Which GLP-1 drugs are most effective in weight loss among obese people ? Condition being studied: Obesity is an important public health issue that has been on the rise over the last decades. It calls for effective prevention and treatment. Bariatric surgery is the most effective medical therapy for weight loss in morbid obesity, but we are in need for less aggressive treatments. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists are a group of incretin-based drugs that have proven to be productive for obesity treatment. Through activation of the GLP-1 receptor they not only have an important role stimulating insulin secretion after meals, but with their extrapancreatic actions, both peripheral and central, they also help reduce body weight by promoting satiety and delaying gastric emptying.

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