To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Brain death.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Brain death'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Brain death.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Martinez, Bermudez Ana Katherine. "Isoprostanes in brain endothelial cell death." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0025/MQ50832.pdf.
Full text
2
Martinez, Bermudez Ana Katherine. "Isoprostanes in brain endothelial cell death." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21605.
Full textAbstract:
Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in several diseases including ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. They can trigger chain reactions like peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, leading to osmotic imbalance and cell death. Isoprostanes are stable products of lipid peroxidation that have a constrictor effect on the vasculature and bronchii. As isoprostanes are abundantly generated in tissues under oxidant stress, we have hypothesized that they could be related to endothelial dysfunction observed during ischemia/reperfasion by affecting endothelial cell survival. The effects of 8-iso-PGE2 and 8-iso-PGF2alpha, two abundantly produced isoprostanes, were studied on porcine endothelial cultures and isolated brain microvessels. Cell survival was evaluated by MTT reduction, double staining with DNA-binding fluorochromes and in situ DNA fragmentation labeling,8-Iso-PGF2alpha (1--10 nM) induced 20--25% cell death in endothelial cultures after 24 h coincident with similar increase in the number of cells that become permeable to PI. On the contrary, 8-iso-PGE 2 did not affect endothelial cell survival. Approximately 9% of the cells suffered apoptosis. This percentage remained unchanged regardless the treatment. Several observations indicate a role for thromboxane A2 to mediate 8-iso-PGF2alpha-induced death: (1) the levels of thromboxane A2 increased dramatically in endothelial cultures after 8-iso-PGF2alpha-treatment; (2) inhibitors of thromboxane synthase, CGS12970 and U6355A and Ibuprofen, a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenases, reverted the effect of the isoprostane; (3) analogs of thromboxane A2 U46619 and IBOP, reproduce the effect of 8-iso-PGF 2alpha after 24 h. 8-Iso-PGF2alpha also decreased endothelial viability on isolated brain microvessels. These results suggest, that 8-iso-PGF2alpha, might be a direct contributor to ischemia/reperfusion injury.
3
TAKAHASHI, AKIRA, YOSHIO HASHIZUME, and NOBUKO UJIHIRA. "A CLINICO-NEUROPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON BRAIN DEATH." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15930.
Full text
4
Atkin, Charlotte J. "Developmental cell death in the rat brain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393568.
Full text
5
Michailakis, Dimitris. "Legislating death socio-legal studies of the brain death controversy in Sweden /." Uppsala : Stockholm : [Uppsala University] ; Distributor, Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32780657.html.
Full text
6
Russell, T. "Philosophical problems with the concepts of death and brain death : a different perspective." Thesis, Swansea University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638727.
Full textAbstract:
The criteria and tests for death have changed throughout the history of medicine; these criteria and tests are underpinned by a variety of concepts of death. Recent advances in medicine and especially in the areas of resuscitation, mechanical ventilation and cardiac pacemakers have posed great philosophical and practical problems with the traditional concepts of death and their associated criteria and tests. The concept of brain death has been formulated in an attempt to deal with the practical decisions that have to be made in deciding whether a person is dead or alive. The original concept of brain death has been subdivided into whole-brain death, brainstem death and neocortical death in different geographical areas and by a variety of people. In addition, there are groups of people who do not adhere to any formulation of brain death. In this thesis I put forward reasons for rejecting all the present formulations of brain death. I also put forward a concept of death derived from philosophical argument. This proposed concept of death views death as death of the organism as a whole and, while I argue mainly in terms of human beings, the concept that I propose could be applied equally to other animals. I also present arguments to demonstrate that the proposed concept of death can encompass the traditional criteria and tests for death and does not entail any significant operational changes in the way in which death is diagnosed.
7
Ambrose, Natalie Lauren. "Cell Death and Microglia in the Developing Brain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26157.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) is the leading cause of post-neonatal death in the developed world. SUDI has been sub-categorised into explained causes, such as motor vehicle accidents, drowning and known illness (eSUDI); or unexplained causes, which includes sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and undetermined causes of death. SIDS by definition is a diagnosis of exclusion, with the pathogenesis currently elusive with no clear pathological defining features. It has been shown that SIDS infants have multiple abnormalities within brainstem regions crucial to cardio-respiratory control with this proposed to contribute to their premature death, however the linking pathway(s) are yet to be identified. Thus, investigation of the neuropathological changes remains a critical pillar of SIDS research. Notably, increased cell death, beyond that required in normal physiological development, has been implicated in SIDS, with amassing evidence in the literature of apoptotic cell death in regions of the SIDS brain, most notably in the brainstem and hippocampus. To build upon this, this thesis aimed to extend the scope of brain regions examined in the context of cell death in eSUDI and SIDS cases. Furthermore, this thesis also focused on a new cell type of interest in SUDI, being microglia. The role of microglia in the context of central nervous system insult and disease is a rapidly evolving field of neuropathological research, however, to date, literature in the infant brain is limited (reviewed section 2.4.4). Overall, this thesis aimed to: firstly, examine the methods of classifying unexplained SUDI cases to standardise our dataset. Secondly, to investigate cell death marker expression, cell stress and apoptotic pathways, and microglia populations in the developing human brain, specifically to (i) identify variability amongst brain regions, (ii) variability between SUDI sub-groups, and (iii) the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Finally, to investigate the effects of intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia and nicotine exposure (two leading risk factor models of SIDS) in the developing piglet brain.
Methods: Both human (Chapters 3-6) and piglet (Chapter 7) brain tissue samples were utilised for this thesis. The primary method used was immunohistochemistry, with the distribution of cell death (active caspase-9, active caspase-3, TUNEL) and microglia (ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba1), cluster of differentiation factor 68 (CD68) and human leukocyte antigen clone DR-DP-DQ (HLA)) marker expression explored amongst a broad range of brain regions. Human brain tissue was also investigated using a commercially available Cell Stress and Apoptosis Signalling Antibody Array to investigate 18 promoter, executioner, inhibitor and regulator proteins of the cell stress and apoptosis cascade.
Results: Of the SUDI cases collected 2008-2012, there was a high level of variation in the diagnostic classification of SIDS and undetermined, thus necessitating the convening of an expert panel to apply a standardised classification of unexplained SUDI, SIDS and its subgroups (Chapter 3). On examining the neurological tissue, regional heterogeneity in all cell death and microglia markers was observed within the developing infant brain. During the first year of life, less than 20% of all neurons are undergoing physiological apoptosis (Chapter 4), and microglia occupy less than 5% of the total area (Chapter 6) in any given brain region. Changes in SIDS brain tissue were region dependent, with the brainstem and amygdala identified as regions of interest in the context of cell death (Chapter 4); the temporal cortex in the context of promoters of cell stress and apoptosis (Chapter 5); and the hippocampus in regards to changes in microglial populations (Chapter 6). Changes predominated in SIDS II suggesting the observations are influenced by confounding risk factors. In the piglet brain, continuous nicotine exposure was not associated with any changes in microglia, however acute/sub-acute IHH mediated region-dependent changes, particularly in the hippocampus (Chapter 7).
Conclusion: The neuropathological findings from this work highlight that cell death and microglia markers are heterogeneously expressed in regions of the postnatal developing brain. Region-specific changes in the SIDS brain also have potential links to extrinsic stimuli, based on the findings in the piglet model. The brainstem, amygdala and broader temporal cortex are regions of interest in the context of SIDS and cell death, while the hippocampus is a region of interest in the context of microglia. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of microglial and cell death distribution and markers in the SIDS brain, contributing to our understanding of region-unique vulnerabilities. The results suggest new brain regions, and new markers of cell stress and apoptotic pathways, that can be targeted in future studies of the pathogenesis of SIDS.
8
Sasaki, Kaori. "Politicised culture, culturalised life and death : the Japanese organ transplantation and brain death debates." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441371.
Full text
9
Kaul, Aparna. "Mechanisms of Non-Conventional Cell Death in Brain Tumor Cells." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1243364096.
Full text
10
Jarl, Zandra. "The Threshold between Life and Death : An Examination of Near Death Experiences." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-3107.
Full textAbstract:
In studies on Near Death Experiences (NDE) data has been collected by using the recently developed scaling methods, the scale developed by Ring and the Greyson NDE Scale. In order to illustrate the problems in the empirical study of NDEs, my intention is to compare the Greyson NDE-scale with the most common theories on NDEs. After series of modifications the final scale consisted of a questionnaire consisting of sixteen different questions, that yielded into four different areas, Cognitive components, Emotional components, Paranormal components, and Transcendental components.
In the end the theory that has the most likely possibility to explain NDEs in the future must be the Dying Brain theory, but one should not disclose the different features of the Afterlife theory (but without the origin explanation).
11
Catherwood, John Frederick. "Ethical and conceptual issues on the definition of death." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337648.
Full text
12
Sundin-Huard, Deborah. "Brief encounters: end of life decision-making in critical care." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2005. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001514/.
Full textAbstract:
The health care system has, in many respects, been developed to oppose suffering. Yet health care’s almost compulsive urge to treat death as the enemy and to battle disease and injury with all available technology unavoidably results in suffering for someone. This paradox and its impact upon the decision-makers in critical care, has attracted some interest overseas, but none to date in Australia. This study sought to understand the interactions between the key stakeholders in end-of-life decision-making in critical care in the interests of developing strategies to ameliorate the avoidable suffering arising from these processes. A modification of Denzin’s Interpretive Interactionism (Denzin, 1989), was developed to apply the epistemological and ontological principles of the critical paradigm while preserving the advantages of Denzin’s design in the investigation of interactions. Semi-structured interviews with relatives, nurses and doctors from a variety of critical care units in South-East Queensland and New South Wales, provided the data that enriches this study. Using the critical lens, analysis focussed on the interactions (and gaps and silences) between the decision-makers at the key moments of decision-making: initiation, maintenance or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. A model of 'best practice' with respect to end-of-life decision-making was produced and concrete recommendations made. This project has found that the amelioration of avoidable suffering in the critical care environment related to end-of-life decision-making requires policy and procedural changes at the organisational level.
13
Rostron, Anthony J. "The mechanisms and time course of brain death-induced lung injury." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493082.
Full textAbstract:
Lung transplantation is an accepted therapy for the treatment of end-stage respiratory failure. The vast majority of lungs for transplantation come from brain dead donors. There is evidence that lungs are injured by the process of brain death in the donor such that they do not satisfy standard acceptability criteria for organ recovery or they fail following implantation into the recipient.
14
Idrus, Nirelia, and n/a. "Investigation of cerebellar cell death after ethanol exposure during development." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071127.162052.
Full textAbstract:
Binge-like ethanol exposure of the rat during the developmental period, equivalent to the human third trimester, results in a permanent loss of cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells. This study presents data that defines the temporal and lobular windows of acute cell death in specific layers of the developing cerebellar vermis following a single ethanol binge. Any resulting permanent effects on Purkinje cell number following ethanol exposure prior to postnatal day (PD) 4 are also presented.
Sprague-Dawley pups were randomly assigned to either alcohol-exposed (AE) (4.5g/kg/day; two feedings via intragastric intubation) or sham-intubation control (IC) groups, and treated on a single day during PD0-10. 10-12 hours after treatment, active caspase-3 immunohistochemistry detected cells that had entered the apoptotic cell death pathway. The total number of caspase-3-positive cells in the developing layers of the vermis (Purkinje cells [Pcells]; external granular [eGL]; internal granular [iGL]) were counted using the physical disector/fractionator method. Ethanol induced significantly more cell death - its acute neurotoxic effect was observed on Pcells from PD0-8; on eGL cells on PD0-3, PD7 and PD9; and on cells in the iGL on PD3 and PD6-10. Regional variability was also demonstrated on a lobular basis in each cell population.
A second cohort of pups was treated on either PD0, PD2 or PD4. The total number of Pcells in the adult vermis, Lobule III and Lobule IX were determined using the optical disector/Cavalieri technique. Significantly fewer Pcells were counted in the vermis of PD4-treated AE animals, and a significant deficit in Pcells within Lobule III was observed in PD2-treated AE animals. Ethanol exposure on PD2 or PD4 showed a tendency towards there being a significant deficit in Pcell number within Lobule IX, but a 10-20% Pcell loss is certainly biologically and clinically relevant.
No significant differences in Pcell numbers were observed in the adult rat following ethanol treatment on PD0, either on a vermal or lobular basis, despite the significant acute cell death observed. Whether the rate of naturally occurring cell death decreased following early ethanol exposure on PD0 was subsequently investigated.
This thesis is the first to demonstrate acute apoptosis induced by ethanol prior to PD4, which may result in permanent Pcell loss. Activated caspase-3 was detected in cells throughout the developing cerebellar cortex, indicating many cell types are acutely vulnerable to ethanol over longer timeperiods than previously recognised. This thesis also showed significant cell loss could occur in discrete cerebellar sub-regions, which may have consequences for cerebellar function. This is important to the human condition, as a single ethanol episode is all that is required to delete neurons rapidly and permanently from the developing brain.
15
Clausen, Fredrik. "Delayed Cell Death after Traumatic Brain Injury : Role of Reactive Oxygen Species." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4296.
Full text
16
Sedigh, Amir. "Management of Ischemia and Brain Death-Associated Injuries in Porcine Kidney Grafts." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Transplantationskirurgi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-222020.
Full textAbstract:
Organs from deceased donors after brain death (BD) remain the major source of organs for transplantation. The catastrophic event of BD and the inevitable consequences of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) are linked to impaired graft quality and transplantation outcome. The aim of this thesis was to create a BD model in pigs to assess early effects on IRI in kidneys preserved with an oxygenated solution and to evaluate the protective effects of coating the renal vessel walls with a heparin conjugate during hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP). Brain death was achieved by raising the intracranial pressure (ICP) through stepwise increasing the volume of an epidurally placed balloon to the point of exceeding the mean arterial pressure (MAP) creating a negative cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). This reproducible, clinically relevant experimental model makes evaluation of potential targeted methods to protect the organs possible. Kidneys retrieved from brain-dead pigs were preserved either in an oxygenated emulsion composed of 75% histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) and 25% perfluorohexyloctane F6H8 or HTK alone. After 18h of cold storage the kidneys were transplanted into allogeneic pigs. F6H8 was associated with replenishment of adenosine triphosphate and lower gene expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1a, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1α and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. F6H8 reduced early IRI at both the cellular and molecular level. Kidneys from BD pigs were evaluated for the feasibility of coating the vessel walls with the heparin conjugate CHC (Corline Systems AB, Uppsala, Sweden) to restore glycocalyx. Porcine kidneys were preserved by HMP for 20h with 50 mg biotinylated CHC added to the perfusion solution. CHC was detected on the inner surface of the kidney vessels by immunofluorescence, and its uptake in kidneys was confirmed by reduced content in the perfusate. An ex vivo normothermic perfusion circuit was developed to assess kidney function. Perfusion with CHC during HMP was associated with lower creatinine levels, increased urine volume and reduced tubular injury. Modifying renal vessels walls using CHC during HMP improved early graft function. Preservation with the oxygenated F6H8 solution or CHC could be used to improve graft quality and ameliorate IRI in kidneys retrieved from deceased donors.
17
Borozny, Margaret. "The experiences of intensive care unit nurses providing care to the brain dead patient." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28722.
Full textAbstract:
This study describes the meaning intensive care unit nurses attach to their care of the brain dead patient. A phenomenological methodology was used because of its intent to understand experience as it is lived. Because these patients constitute a unique class of dead patients which require intensive nursing care and because of the scarcity of information available on the subjective experience of nurses who provide this care, the study was considered to be essential to fillful a gap in our knowledge.
Data were collected through 28 interviews with 11 Caucasian female participants who work in the intensive care units of a tertiary and a quaternary care hospital within the greater Vancouver area. Their ages ranged from their early twenties to over forty years of age. They represented five religious demoninations with one participant having no religious affiliations. One nurse had cared for between two and five brain dead patients, four had provided care for six to ten brain dead patients, and six had cared for more than ten brain dead patients.
Throughout the participants' accounts dissonance was the pervasive and unifying theme. The dissonance was seen in the form of either personal or interpersonal discord. The former was seen in relation to five areas: the
participant's philosophy about nursing, traditional nursing care activities, the concept of brain death, organ retrieval and transplantation, and professional responsibilities in relation to meeting the nurse's own emotional needs. In contrast, the latter occurred between the nurse and families, physicians, the Pacific Organ Retrieval for Transplantation Team and nursing colleagues. Either form of dissonance results in personal distress and subsequent attempts to reduce the dissonance by distancing and/or designating another as the target of nursing care.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
18
Khorsandi, Mehdi. "Brainstem Gangliosides in Suddden Infant Death Syndrome." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504326/.
Full textAbstract:
Recent studies have shown that the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is related to abnormal control of respiration (Ischemic degeneration of the brainstem may play an important role in altered respiratory control leading to death). In our studies we have examined brainstem ganglioside compositions in samples derived from SIDS victims and appropriate controls. Gangliosides are acidic glycosphingolipids that contain sialic acid. The high concentration of gangliosides in the central nervous system (CNS) implies that these lipids play an important role in CNS function. Some studies have indicated that gangliosides may function as receptor site determinants or modifiers, and in neural transmission. In our studies we used the Tettamanti, et al methodology to extract gangliosides, and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and laser densitometry techniques for ganglioside analysis. The results of these analyses are being employed to establish lipid profile patterns to determine if there are significant variations in these lipid patterns between SIDS and control groups.
19
Chapman, Courtney Myfanwy. "Novel pharmaceutical combination confers protection from delayed cell death following transient cerebral ischemia." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/chapman/ChapmanC0509.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability throughout the world; ischemia is the most common form of stroke. Medical procedures such as cardio-pulmonary bypass surgery can cause ischemic stroke can be caused. There are no treatments to limit neural impairment following stroke. The current research investigates neuroprotection offered by treatment with a novel drug combination consisting of Simvastatinâ„¢, Gemfibrozilâ„¢, Troglitazoneâ„¢, and Spironolactoneâ„¢. Animals were treated with the drug cocktail three weeks proceeding and one week subsequent to surgery. Ischemic insult was induced by clamping the carotid arteries for 5 min. Sham subjects underwent similar surgical procedures, but the carotids were not clamped. Twenty-four hrs following the surgical procedure locomotor activity was monitored in an open field for 5 min. Seven to fourteen days following ischemia or the sham procedure animals were sacrificed and sections containing the hippocampal CA1 region were mounted on slides and stained with cresyl violet. The CA1 region was rated on a 4-point scale for level of damage. Rodents generally show increased locomotor activity following transient global ischemia in an open field. In our study, ischemic animals that received vehicle demonstrated increased activity relative to the animals that received the drug treatment on all behavioral measures. Ischemic animals that received vehicle treatment had significantly more neural damage in the hippocampal CA1 region than ischemic animals receiving the drug. The appearance of neurons in the CA1 hippocampal regions of animals in the sham condition was not significantly different from ischemic animals in the drug treatment condition. It is concluded that the drug treatment is effective in offering neuroprotection during transient global ischemia. The next step is to characterize the biochemical mechanisms behind the neuroprotection conferred by the drug treatment. Contrasting the protein expression levels of animals receiving the vehicle treatment with animals receiving the drug treatment following an ischemic insult will assist in elucidating these pathways. Predictions are made regarding the biochemical mechanisms affected by the drug treatment based on previous research on the biochemical pathways affected by each pharmaceutical.
20
Marsh, Michael N. "Out-of-body and near-death experiences : brain-state phenomena or glimpses of immortality?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:09faa988-2080-4187-887e-3acadebe9558.
Full textAbstract:
What certainty is there for personal survival after death? Five key authors, critically analysed in this thesis, think that OB/ND experiences offer such assurances. Most OB/ND events follow severe clinical crises profoundly embarrassing cerebral function. At the nadir of brain function, invariably resulting in unconsciousness, authors aver that the escape of soul (Sabom), mind, or free consciousness (Moody, Ring, Grey, Fenwick), in providing glimpses of heaven, offers proof of immortality. I disagree. The semantic content of early-phase ND experiences reveals dream-like bizarreness and illogicality, consistent with de-activation of critical cortical controls. Conversely, late-phase experiences, tinged with 'moral' compulsions about earthly responsibilities, herald the progressive intrusion of conscious-awareness into that subconscious mentation. These experiences, abruptly terminating as conscious-awareness erupts, are transient - as demonstrated by narrative word counts - indicating origins from reawakening, not moribund, brains. My argument is underpinned by these latter crucial observations. Pain, intruding into ND phenomenology, is another occurrence hardly consistent with an escape of mind or 'free consciousness' into the hereafter. "Tunnel" phenomenology, a rapid movement from darkness into heavenly brightness, involves a retrospective synthesis of vestibular-generated rotation/accelerations, and a progressively enlarging and engulfing light, signalling re-establishment of an effective circulation to associative visual centres. The content of ND experiences, as with dreams, involves the temporo-parietal cortex. OB experiences derive from central vestibular activity (superior and inferior parietal lobules) in dormant, recumbent patients. Allied aberrations of allocentric space create bodily reduplications and sensed invisible presences. Thus, OB do not warrant "mystical" interpretations. The spiritual overtones accorded OB/ND experiences by authors are inconsistent with classical (Judaeo-Christian) accounts of divine disclosure. The eschatology adumbrated in published texts implies immortality, and seriously fails to embrace a preferred resurrectional eschatology as professed credally. I therefore conclude that OB/ND phenomenology, rather than offering alleged glimpses of eternity, reflects living, not dead, brains re-awakening to full conscious-awareness from antecedent metabolic insults.
21
Kido, Noriaki. "Neuroprotective effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in eyes with NMDA-induced neuronal death." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149714.
Full text
22
Dooley, Paul James. "Competing processes of cell death and recovery of function following ischemic preconditioning in the gerbil." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0023/MQ34177.pdf.
Full text
23
Wennersten, Andrʹe. "Human neural stem cell transplantation in experimental brain trauma /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-211-X/.
Full text
24
El-Orabi, Naglaa Schwartz Dean D. "Heat stress induces downregulation of Hippocampal superoxide dismutase-1 a possible mechanism for heat-related neuronal cell death /." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Dissertations/EL-ORABI_NAGLAA_43.pdf.
Full text
25
Yamada, Kazumi. "Taip2 is a novel cell death-related gene expressed in the brain during the development." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124220.
Full text
26
Preisler, Julie. "Application of postmortem alzheimer's disease brain to elucidate the involvement of death receptor adaptor signaling." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40738851.
Full text
27
Ishikawa, Yuji, Takako Yasuda, Keiko Maeda, Atsuko Matsumoto, and Kouichi Maruyama. "Apoptosis in neural tube during normal development of medaka." Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks Bioscience and Biotechnology Center Nagoya University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13834.
Full text
28
Ansari, Tahera Iqbal. "Stereological analysis of SIDS-linked micro-anatomical anomalies in specific regions of the brain, phrenic nerve and diaphragm." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266251.
Full text
29
Avlonitis, Vassilios S. "The role of brain death in donor lung injury and primary graft dysfunction after pulmonary transplantation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416646.
Full text
30
Long, Tracy. "Brain-based criteria for diagnosing death : what does it mean to families approached about organ donation?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/57932/.
Full text
31
Kamme, Fredrik. "Changes in gene expression during delayed neuronal death after cerebral ischemia in the rat." Lund : Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Lund University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/40337178.html.
Full text
32
Andrusiak, Matthew. "Differential Roles for the Retinoblastoma Protein in Cycling and Quiescent Neural Populations." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24037.
Full textAbstract:
While the genetics of retinoblastoma and the implications of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene, RB1, are well described, there is still scarce evidence to suggest why RB1 acts in such a cell-type specific manner. Using the murine cortex as a model, we examined the effects of RB1 deletion of cycling neural progenitors and post-mitotic neurons, in order to ascertain cell-type specific functions in the central nervous system. Using the previously identified cell-cycle independent role for Rb in tangential migration, we validated Rb/E2f regulation of neogenin and implicated it in this process. In quiescent cortical neurons, we identified a pivotal role for Rb in neuronal survival. Unlike in cycling progenitors, in post-mitotic neurons Rb specifically represses the expression of cell-cycle associated genes in an E2f-dependent manner. Finally, in cortical neurons in the absence of Rb, we observe an activation of chromatin at E2f associated promoters. To determine the role of direct interaction between Rb and chromatin modifying enzymes, we utilized an acute LXCXE-binding deficient mutant paradigm. We report that the LXCXE binding motif is dispensable in establishment and maintenance of cortical neuron quiescence and survival. The activation state of E2f-responsive promoters appears to be dependent on E2f-activity and not simply Rb-mediated repression. Taken as a whole, this thesis serves to support the hypothesis that Rb plays a diverse role in different cell-types by regulation of unique gene targets and regulatory mechanisms. Characterizing specific cancer-initiating populations and understanding the specific function of Rb will help in the treatment of many cancers resulting from RB1 mutation or mutation within the Rb/E2f pathway.
33
Cavalcante, Layana de Paula. "AssistÃncia do enfermeiro ao potencial doador de ÃrgÃos: implicaÃÃes no processo doaÃÃo-transplante." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11750.
Full textAbstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorObjetivou-se analisar a prÃtica dos Enfermeiros de terapia intensiva junto ao paciente potencial doador de ÃrgÃos e tecidos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratÃria, descritiva e analÃtica, com abordagem qualitativa. O estudo foi realizado em um Centro de Terapia Intensiva (CTI) clÃnico de um hospital pÃblico estadual em Fortaleza - CE. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 30 Enfermeiros que atuam no serviÃo. A produÃÃo de dados ocorreu entre agosto e dezembro de 2013, apÃs aprovaÃÃo pelo Comità de Ãtica em Pesquisa da InstituiÃÃo, conforme Parecer n 376.423. Os dados deste estudo foram produzidos atravÃs de entrevista e a partir da observaÃÃo sistemÃtica. Na anÃlise do material optamos pela tÃcnica de anÃlise de conteÃdo, modalidade temÃtica, segundo Bardin (2011). Para a ordenaÃÃo do material empÃrico e constituiÃÃo do corpus, aplicamos a tÃcnica de anÃlise categorial. O processo de anÃlise e discussÃo foi construÃdo com base no discurso do Enfermeiro do CTI, nas informaÃÃes da observaÃÃo e diÃrio de campo. O processo de anÃlise e discussÃo iniciou-se com o agrupamento e classificaÃÃo do material produzido em quatro categorias e dez subcategorias. As categorias definidas foram: O processo de doaÃÃo de ÃrgÃos; DimensÃes do cuidado do Enfermeiro ao paciente potencial doador; PercepÃÃo do Enfermeiro sobre a sua prÃtica junto ao paciente potencial doador de ÃrgÃos e tecidos; Impacto da assistÃncia do Enfermeiro na concretizaÃÃo da doaÃÃo de ÃrgÃo e tecidos. A observaÃÃo sistemÃtica da assistÃncia dos Enfermeiros ao potencial doador de ÃrgÃos foi utilizada como contra ponto ao discurso dos sujeitos ao definirem sua prÃtica junto ao paciente e sua famÃlia. A percepÃÃo dos Enfermeiros acerca do processo de doaÃÃo de ÃrgÃos està permeada por questÃes culturais, filosÃficas, Ãticas e emocionais, relacionadas ao: significado da doaÃÃo de ÃrgÃos; falta de capacitaÃÃo tÃcnico-cientÃfica; dificuldades emocionais de lidar com o paciente e com a famÃlia. O processo de doaÃÃo de ÃrgÃos e tecidos à complexo e, muitas vezes, difÃcil para os envolvidos. Constatamos que o Enfermeiro, apesar de reconhecer que nÃo possui formaÃÃo tÃcnica especÃfica para atuar junto a este tipo de clientela, considera que desempenha um papel determinante no processo doaÃÃo-transplante. Em sua prÃtica, desenvolve o cuidado voltado, principalmente, para a monitorizaÃÃo e manutenÃÃo hemodinÃmica e, tambÃm, para orientar e acolher os familiares, considerando que todos estes cuidados podem ser determinante ao sucesso da concretizaÃÃo da doaÃÃo. As dificuldades vivenciadas pelo Enfermeiro tÃm repercussÃes pessoais que influenciam em sua saÃde fÃsica e emocional, e, tambÃm, na qualidade da assistÃncia ou desassistÃncia ao paciente e sua famÃlia. A aproximaÃÃo da realidade estudada nos permitiu conhecer um pouco da prÃtica complexa e multifacetada, desenvolvida pelo Enfermeiro, em um ambiente tenso e crÃtico, onde a dor, o sofrimento, a morte, a vida, a esperanÃa, a inseguranÃa e tantos outros sentimentos, se misturam e se dimensionam na individualidade de cada profissional e do paciente e da sua famÃlia.
34
Carter, Chris F. "A rural hospital's organ donation referral pattern a pilot study /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2003. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=266.
Full text
35
Oquendo, Javier. "Elemental Analysis of Brainstem in Victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500370/.
Full textAbstract:
A brainstem-related abnormality in respiratory control appears to be one of the most compelling mechanisms for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The elements calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy in the brainstem of 30 infants who died from SIDS and 10 infants who died from other causes (control). No differences were found between SIDS and control for any element except for more calcium in the SIDS group. A multivariate analysis of the data failed to group the majority of SIDS and control subjects in different clusters. Further research is required to determine the biological significance of the higher calcium found in the SIDS group.,
36
Andersen, Danielle Louise. "Development of neurotransmitter receptors in the human brain and vulnerability to perinatal asphyxia and sudden infant death syndrome /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17412.pdf.
Full text
37
Ogunnowo-Bada, Emmanuel Oluwatobi. "The role of brain glucokinase and Bcl-2-associated death promoter in the control of blood glucose homeostasis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648754.
Full text
38
Wells, Matthew A. "Peri-transplant cardiovascular dynamics in an ovine model of heart transplantation following 24-hrs donor brain stem death." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/405633.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Heart transplantation (HTx) for end-stage heart failure is one of the most challenging complex health problems faced in intensive care units across the globe. This is partly due to the shortage of viable donor hearts and primary graft failure post-transplant. The mechanisms behind these shortfalls are diverse and arise from donor brain stem death (BSD), a significant stressor on the heart and the main pool from which donor hearts are sourced. A compromised myocardium is then preserved in cold preservation solution on ice (CSS), as per the current clinical standard, initiating significant ischaemia. The final stage of HTx is implantation in the recipient, which induces both warm ischaemia during the procedure and reperfusion injury. These multifarious injuries contribute to both non-viable donor hearts, reducing the number of available hearts, and graft dysfunction post-HTx. This doctoral project aims to utilise a clinically relevant model of transplantation to investigate 3 main aspects of cardiovascular function, 1) cardiac adrenergic excitation-contraction-coupling and perfusion, 2) mitochondrial function and 3) metabolic regulation.
Methods: Sheep were semi-randomised, influenced by blood group matching, into 2 main groups. Group A consisted of heart donors with confirmed BSD or sham operated controls (SHAM). Group B consisted of a separate group of heart donors both BSD (BSD-Tx) and SHAM (SH-Tx), which progressed through to CSS and consecutive HTx in a healthy recipient animal. The healthy recipient (HR) heart was excised and used as a healthy control following the establishment of cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB). Heart collection occurred at end-points, defined as 24 hrs after BSD confirmation for Group A and 6 hrs after weaning the healthy recipient off CPB for Group B. Heart tissue was collected in ice cold oxygenated Krebs solution for in-vitro analyses, mitochondrial respiration and metabolic assessment.
In-vitro analyses: Briefly, left and right ventricular trabeculae were dissected and mounted on Blinks tissue blocks. Trabeculae were stimulated at 1 Hz intervals and the force of contraction was recorded over a concentration-effect curve to -(-)Noradrenaline. Potency at the β1-adrenoceptor was determined and expressed as the concentration required to elicit a 50% maximum response in log units (pEC50).
Mitochondrial respiration: Tissue homogenate was injected into an Oroboros Oxygraph and respiration was measured using both carbohydrate and fatty acid substrates. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured fluorometrically. Respiration was measured during 3 respiratory states; LEAK state, non-phosphorylative oxygen utilisation, ATP producing Complex I oxidative phosphorylative state (OXPHOS) and Complex II OXPHOS. Tissue levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and the glutathione to reduced glutathione ratio (GSH:GSSG) were assessed using plate based assays.
Metabolomics: Biopsies were collected in a similar manner from similar regions as those used for mitochondrial respiration. Biopsies were pooled per ventricle prior to the detection of polar metabolites via LC/MS. Metabolites were extracted via MassHunter and statistical analyses were performed using MetaboAnalyst 4.0.
Results: Twenty-four sheep weighing on average 47 ± 6 kg were semi-randomised into the donor and transplant groups. There were 6 animals in each donor group, SHAM and BSD and 12 separate donors continued through to transplantation, 6 in each group, SH-Tx and BSD-Tx.
In-vitro analyses: Donor BSD caused a significant reduction in RV contractility, however β1 sensitivity was unchanged. Post-transplanted hearts, regardless of donor BSD injury were characterised by bi-ventricular reductions in both contractility and pEC50 (SH-Tx: 0.59 p=0.04, and BSD-Tx: 0.62 p=0.02, mean difference).
Mitochondrial respiration: Following donor BSD, LEAK respiration in the RV was significantly elevated compared to HR (BSD: 0.11 ± 0.03 FCR, p<0.01). LV levels of 3-NT also trended upward, with a significant reduction in the GSH:GSSG ratio. CII OXPHOS in BSD using fatty acid substrates was significantly lower than HR hearts.
Post-transplantation however, there were bi-ventricular elevations in LEAK respiration and reductions in CII OXPHOS for both SH-Tx and BSD-Tx groups. These data were also in the presence of reduced MMP in LEAK and CII OXPHOS states. Transplantation was also characterised by significant increases in RV 3-NT levels and reduced LV GSH:GSSG ratios.
Metabolomics: Metabolically, BSD increased accumulation of myocardial amino-acids and glycolytic metabolites involved in oxidative and osmotic stress. Post-HTx, particularly in those exposed to donor BSD, there was a significant decrease in metabolites involved in mitochondrial respiration (eg. NAD, Acetyl-CoA) and accumulation of fatty acids and xanthine.
Conclusion: Using a clinically relevant model of HTx following donor BSD, this study focussed on cardiac contractility, mitochondrial function and metabolism in an effort to explain peri-transplant cardiac compromise. Based on these results it appears that donor oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and glycolytic metabolite build up are important determinants in cardiovascular dysfunction. Post-transplantation however, the mitochondrial, oxidative, metabolic and adrenergic systems are significantly impaired. Further research should investigate how best to support the donor heart outside of adrenergic agents, reduce oxidative stress and support metabolism. Whereas strategies to improve heart preservation and targetable mitochondrial/metabolic therapeutics may reduce reperfusion injury. Collectively, these approaches have the potential to increase the quality and quantity of HTx.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Pharmacy & Med Sci
Griffith Health
Full Text
39
Moalimishak, Mohamed Rashad. "[The] ethical evaluation of brain dead persons and organ transplantation in contemporary Muslim ethics." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=105427.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is primarily about the ethical evaluation ofbrain death, brain-dead persons and organ transplantation in contemporary Muslim ethics.Cette tQese est premierement au sujet de l'évaluation éthique de la mort cérébrale et les personnes dans un coma dépassé aux éthiques Musulmanes contemporaines.
40
Perera, Thamara Prabhath Ranasinghe. "The use of microdialysis and metabolomics to study the biomarker differences between donation after circulatory death (DCD) and donation after brain death (DBD) liver grafts in orthotopic liver transplantation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6375/.
Full textAbstract:
Donor organ shortage is a major barrier to the progress of liver transplantation; options to widen the donor pool include use of marginal donor grafts and those from donors after circulatory death (DCD), despite risks of early graft failure. This thesis studies the key metabolic feature differences between DCD and from donors after brain death (DBD), using combination of microdialysis for tissue fluid sampling, and colourimetry, Coularray and Fourier Transform ion Cyclotron Resistance - mass spectrometry(FTICR-MS) as analytical platforms. The initial study proved feasibility of above methods to identify metabolic changes through cold storage to reperfusion, and the involvement of energy and amino acid metabolism pathways. Comparison of DCD and DBD grafts by microdialysis combined with colourimetry proved energy depletion, and increased lactate/pyruvate ratio in DCD grafts. Metabolomic studies consolidated the findings of primary impact on energy metabolism pathways during cold storage. Both CEAD and FTICR-MS identified key biomarker differences and the effect on tryptophan and kynurenine pathway, and this finding was reproduced in all three metabolomic studies conducted. Over expression of these metabolites in DCD grafts and failed allografts may be related to energy metabolism, and tryptophan and kynurenine could potentially be developed as biomarkers predicting liver graft function.
41
Vivekanandarajah, Arunnjah. "Cigarette smoke exposure and hypoxic effects on the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and apoptosis in the developing brain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16735.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) during pregnancy and postpartum poses a significant threat to the infant’s health, such as respiratory and ear infections, cognitive deficits, as well as an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Nicotine, the major neurotoxic agent from cigarette smoke induces its action by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with one downstream consequence being increased cell death (apoptosis). Further, recent studies on the structural abnormalities in the SIDS hippocampus interested us to study the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1b. The objectives of the thesis were to determine the alterations in expression of nAChRs and apoptotic markers (active caspase-3 (Casp-3) and TUNEL) in the hippocampus and brainstem following: a) CSE in mice, b) postnatal nicotine exposure alone or in combination with c) intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH) (acute vs repeated) in piglets, and d) in the human infant hippocampus and determine any changes according to the diagnosis of SIDS, and the presence of the risk factors of CSE and prone sleeping. Methods: nAChR subunits and IL-1b expression were determined using single immunohistochemistry (IHC), apoptotic makers (Casp-3 and TUNEL) were determined using double IHC labelling on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue. Results: Pre- into post-natal CSE led to alterations in nAChR subunits with simultaneous changes in apoptotic markers in mice, postnatal nicotine affected the nAChRs more severely in the brainstem than hippocampus with predominant changes being for the a3 and b1 subunits, which were also more sensitive to pre- into post-natal CSE. Repeated IHH induced much more alterations in nAChRs (predominantly the a2b2 complex) than acute IHH in both the hippocampus and brainstem medulla. SIDS infants exhibited higher TUNEL in the subiculum which was associated with CSE, higher IL-1b in the CA1 region which was associated with prone sleeping position, and lower a7 expression in the dentate gyrus and CA4. Conclusion: Alterations in the expression of nAChR subunits due to CSE, nicotine and hypoxia, are evident in the developing hippocampus and brainstem, and were associated with increased apoptosis in a region specific manner. These results provide an indication of the mechanism(s) via which CSE to an infant affects the nAChRs in the brain and the need to continue with the health campaign advising against CSE.
42
Pannell, Megan. "INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF RIN GTPASE IN CELL DEATH, AXONAL INJURY, AND INFLAMMATION FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY." UKnowledge, 2017. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/biochem_etds/35.
Full textAbstract:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a progressive disorder, in which the primary injury results in the initiation of a complex cascade of secondary biochemical and metabolic changes resulting in lasting neurological dysfunction and cognitive impairment. The heterogeneous nature of the disease has complicated the development of pharmacological agents to improve the outcomes of TBI; to date, no therapeutic treatment has been shown to be effective in clinical trials. Treatments targeting multiple secondary outcomes (cell death, axonal degeneration, and inflammation) may provide enhanced therapeutic efficacy following TBI.
Small Ras family GTP-binding proteins govern diverse cellular processes by directing the relay of extracellular stimuli to the activation of select intracellular signaling pathways. Rin (RIT2) is a member of the Rit subfamily of Ras-related family of GTPases, and is expressed solely within neurons of the CNS. Early cell culture models demonstrated that Rin signaled upstream of the stress-activated protein kinase, p38, and lacked the transformative abilities displayed by other members of the Ras family, suggesting functions for Rin other than cell growth and proliferation.
To begin to define the physiological function of Rin, we generated a RIT2 knockout mouse and examined the impact of Rin loss in the CNS following brain trauma. Our data demonstrates that Rin deficiency is neuroprotective following a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury, reducing both acute hippocampal neurodegeneration and promoting sustained neuronal survival, without affecting post-CCI neurogenesis. Hippocampal neuroprotection achieved by Rin loss was accompanied by improved cognitive function in injured mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Rin loss led to blunting of axonal degeneration and microglial activation in the optic nerve following optic nerve stretch injury. The molecular interaction between Rin and dual leucine zipper kinase suggested a potential role for Rin in the regulation of a novel stress MAPK-dependent neuronal death cascade. Lastly, we demonstrated through diffuse closed head injury, that Rin loss mitigates cytokine release as a result of injury without altering glial activation.
Together, these studies establish Rin as a novel regulator of neuronal cell death, cognitive decline, axonal degeneration, and cytokine production following traumatic brain injury.
43
Novitzky, Dimitri. "Pathophysiological effects of brain death on potential donor organs, and the introduction of a new method of donor management." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2828.
Full text
44
ROSINA, SILVIA. "Morte e diritto. Riflessioni sulla fine della vita dell'uomo postmoderno." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424032.
Full textAbstract:
The research focuses on the relationship between death and law, with particular reference to the legal definition of death introduced by Law 578/1993 and the legal and ethical philosophical implications connected to it. In fact it appears that by shifting from a cardiovascular to a neurologic criterion of death, the legislator made a clear ideological choice according to which the most significant element that connotes a person is the encephalic element (more or less extensively considered).
With this regard, on the first part of the essay, I retraced the path that led to the affirmation of the concept of brain death and its acceptance in the Italian legal system, focusing also on the three different meanings in which said concept can be interpreted.
The research aims to verify if the legal definition of death provided by the legislator in 1993 should still be considered “valid” or if, de facto, it was replaced by the recent jurisprudence that, on the so-called borderline cases relates the concept of death only to the high-brain death concept.
The second part focuses on the analysis of the case law in order to highlight the divergences between the jurisprudence and the choice made by the legislator. In this regard, I tried to show how the consideration of the person, that undoubtedly must be considered essential, risks to become only a façon de parler, when it is downsized to the pure ability to show some functions, in particular the volition and the consciousness governed by the upper part of the encephalon. I believe that the loss of an holistic view of the human being typical of modernity, that the definition of death in neurological terms helped to stir up, risks to lead to an empiricists and reductionist attitude in which the person, instead of being the target of the protection, results excluded by such protection each time it could not be still considered as a person, being it deprived of said functions or even impaired.
Therefore, in the last part of the essay the matter is analyzed from a philosophical point of view in order to verify which is the anthropological conception underlying the different thesis and the implications deriving from each of them. In order to do so, I utilized three figures that I believe can be considered emblematic of the debate past and present: Hans Jonas, Peter Singer and Robert Spaemann.Oggetto della presente ricerca è il rapporto tra morte e diritto, con particolare riferimento alla definizione legale di morte introdotta dalla L. 578/1993 ed alle implicazioni giuridiche ed etico-filosofiche ad essa connesse. Lo spostamento ai fini della determinazione del decesso, da un criterio cardio-respiratorio ad uno neurologico sembra sottendere infatti una precisa opzione ideologica secondo cui elemento rilevante ai fini di connotare la persona sarebbe unicamente la componente encefalica (più o meno estesamente considerata). Nella prima parte dell’elaborato si è ricostruito quindi il percorso che ha condotto all’affermazione del concetto di morte cerebrale e al suo accoglimento nell’ordinamento italiano, soffermandosi altresì sulle tre accezioni in cui tale concetto può declinarsi. L’indagine compiuta è stata volta quindi a verificare se la definizione di morte accolta dal legislatore del 1993 possa considerarsi ancora “valida” oppure se, di fatto, non risulti soppiantata dalle scelte operate dalla recente giurisprudenza, che nei cosiddetti casi di confine sembra attagliarsi ad un concetto di morte formulato nei parziali termini della morte corticale. Nella seconda parte viene dunque analizzato il dato giurisprudenziale al fine di evidenziare tale suo allontanamento rispetto alla scelta operata dal legislatore. A questo riguardo si è cercato di mostrare come la considerazione del dato personale, che sicuramente deve considerarsi imprescindibile, rischi tuttavia di diventare solo una façon de parler, nel momento in cui esso viene ridotto alla mera capacità di manifestazione di determinate funzioni, tra le quali precipuamente quelle volitive e di coscienza presiedute dalla parte superiore dell’encefalo. Si ritiene cioè che la perdita della visione olistica dell’essere umano tipica della modernità, che la definizione della morte in termini neurologici ha contribuito a fomentare, rischia di condurre ad un atteggiamento empirista e riduzionista in conseguenza del quale la persona, invece che essere oggetto precipuo di tutela, ne viene esclusa tutte le volte in cui non possa più considerarsi tale, perché priva di quelle funzioni o in esse anche solo menomata. Nell’ultima parte dell’elaborato viene dunque affrontata la questione dal punto di vista filosofico per verificare quale sia la concezione antropologica sottesa alle diverse impostazioni sviluppatesi sul tema e quali le implicazioni che da ciascuna di essa possono derivare. A tal fine, siamo ricorsi a tre figure che a nostro avviso possono considerarsi emblematiche del dibattito passato e presente: Hans Jonas, Peter Singer e Robert Spaemann.
45
Nicolas-Robin, Armelle. "Le don d'organes : toujours plus! Toujours mieux ?Application de la théorie morale conséquentialiste à la pratique du prélèvement d'organes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS009/document.
Full textAbstract:
La transplantation d'un organe peut s’avérer être le traitement de dernier recours en cas de dysfonctionnement terminal. Mais le nombre de greffons proposés à la transplantation ne suffit pas à satisfaire le nombre croissant de demandes. Des solutions alternatives sont proposées pour tenter de réduire cet écart. Certaines d'entre elles peuvent heurter les principes philosophiques fondateurs de cette activité médicale, qui constituent prioritairement le socle d'une éthique de conviction.Limité à la transmission d'un organe prélevé sur une personne décédée, ce travail de thèse propose une exploration raisonnée de certains éléments principiels, tels que le consentement, la gratuité et la "règle du donneur mort". Dans un second temps, il présente une lecture critique de certaines solutions nouvellement proposées, éclairée par une vision conforme à une éthique de responsabilitéThe organ transplantation may be the last treatment for terminal organ failure. But the number of available transplants is insufficient to meet increasing demand. Alternative solutions are proposed in an attempt to reduce the gap between the number of patients waiting for a transplant and the number of available transplants. Some of them may offend the philosophical principles of this medical practice, which establish the ethics of conviction.Limited to consideration to the transplantation of organs removed from deceased donors, this thesis first offers a reasoned exploration of some principled elements, such as consent, free transfer and the " dead donor rule ". Secondly, it presents a critical reading of some newly proposed solutions to reduce the gap, informed by a vision consistent with the ethics of responsibility
46
Wu, Ling. "Functional Characterization of SCN5A, The Cardiac Sodium Channel Gene Associated With Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sudden Death." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1206732295.
Full text
47
Höger, Simone. "The alloantigen-independent factors brain death and cold ischemia prospects for a better graft survival through different donor management concepts." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2009. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/317.
Full text
48
Jargenius, Maria, and Emilie Karlsson. "Behovet av utbildning på intensivvårdsavdelningen vid organdonation : En litteraturstudie som utgår från intensivvårdssjuksköterskans perspektiv." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95239.
Full textAbstract:
Bakgrund: Organdonation kan rädda människors liv när all annan möjlig behandling redan testats. Behovet av organ i Sverige överskrider idag tillgången, vilket resulterar i att människor avlider i väntan på ett organ. Förutom att möjliggöra en människas överlevnad är transplantation mer kostnadseffektivt än kontinuerlig behandling. I nuläget finns inga nationella riktlinjer i Sverige för utbildning inom organdonation för intensivvårdssjuksköterskor. Forskning har visat att intensivvårdssjuksköterskans arbete är av stor vikt för donationsprocessen. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa behovet av utbildning hos intensivvårdssjuksköterskor som vårdar potentiella avlidna donatorer. Metod: Studien har utförts genom en litteraturstudie med systematisk datainsamling. Integrativ metod med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys har använts då artiklar med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats analyserats för att besvara syftet för studien. Resultat: En stor del intensivvårdssjuksköterskor upplevde sig vara obekväma med att vårda organdonatorer. Vårdandet av en donator kan medföra att mycket känslor uppstår hos intensivvårdssjuksköterskan och upplevdes som mentalt påfrestande. Utbildning inom organdonation kan hjälpa intensivvårdssjuksköterskan att hantera dessa känslor. Utbildning kan även leda till att fler potentiella donatorer identifieras. Utbildning behöver ges regelbundet och intensivvårdssjuksköterskan behöver specifikt utbildning om donationsprocessen, bemötande och kommunikation av de närstående samt skillnader i hjärt- och hjärndöda patienter. Slutsats: Intensivvårdssjuksköterskan behöver få en djupare förståelse av vården kring organdonation och få en ökad kunskap och utbildning för att stärka sin professionella roll. Utbildning kan även förbättra donationsprocessen och möjliggöra för fler donatorer. Vidare forskning inom området anses behövas för att utveckla vården kring donatorer och närstående.Background: Organ donation can save lives when all other treatment options have been exhausted. Today, the demand for organs in Sweden exceeds supply, resulting in people dying in wait for an available organ for transplantation. In addition to saving a person’s life, transplantations are more cost-effective than continuous treatment. Currently, there are no national guidelines for the provision of training in the area of organ donations for intensive care nurses. Research has shown that the efforts of intensive care nurses play a major role in the donation process. Aim: The aim of this study is to shed light on the need for training of intensive care nurses caring for potential deceased donors. Methodology: The study was conducted through a literature review with systematic data collection. An integrative method with qualitative content analysis was employed, as articles with both qualitative and quantitative approaches were analysed to shed light on the aim of the study. Findings: A large proportion of intensive care nurses felt uncomfortable caring for organ donors. Caring for a donor can be a very emotional and mentally trying experience for intensive care nurses. Organ donation training can help intensive care nurses cope with these feelings. Training can also result in the identification of more potential donors. Regular training is necessary, and intensive care nurses require specific training on the donation process, treatment and communication with next of kin as well as differences between donation after cardiac death patients and donation after brain death patients. Conclusion: The intensive care nurses needs to gain a deeper understanding of the care surrounding organ donation. To increase the professional role of the nurse there is a need to strengthen the knowledge and education. The donation process could be improved by education, which can lead to more organ donations. Further research within this area of expertise needs to be done to be able to develop the care for the donors and their families.
49
Othero, Jairo Constante Bitencourt. "A terminalidade humana assistida em ambientes de alta tecnologia médica: a natureza da morte na experiência humana, o diagnóstico médico e a boa morte." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5957.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-11-22T10:56:29Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Jairo Constante Bitencourt Othero_.pdf: 889089 bytes, checksum: 1a0370e44cbac9b6d4efaa0b11d756e3 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-22T10:56:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jairo Constante Bitencourt Othero_.pdf: 889089 bytes, checksum: 1a0370e44cbac9b6d4efaa0b11d756e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-22
UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
A tese apresenta a terminalidade humana assistida em ambientes de alta tecnologia médica como um novo fenômeno social, médico e tecnológico. Discute a experiência do assistir ao morrer, o papel do médico, impacto da tecnologia usada, os atuais modelos para o diagnóstico clínico da morte. Sugere práticas assistenciais para a Boa Morte e examina suas bases morais e cognitivas. Aborda as perspectivas filosóficas, científicas e sociais do tema com ênfase na análise reflexiva dos fenômenos vividos na prática médica. A metodologia foi a revisão e análise histórico-crítica dessas práticas, e as raízes norteadoras filosóficas e científicas. O conteúdo tem três capítulos, antecedidos pela introdução e se completam nas conclusões. Na introdução uma entrevista médica inicia o tema com as dificuldades do morrer assistido. O primeiro capítulo mostra a evolução sociocultural da terminalidade humana, o papel do médico e da tecnologia. No segundo capítulo descreve-se, seguida de análise e interpretação, as vivências do processo da morte pelos que assistem o moribundo e o impacto das mesmas no processo. A análise crítica dos modelos de diagnóstico da morte está no terceiro capítulo, contrapondo fundamentos com a prática clínica. A conclusão discute as práticas médicas para a Boa Morte em seus prós e contras. No primeiro capítulo se conclui que a heteronomia acaba por fragmentar a percepção da morte. No segundo que a morte é um processo tríptico de difícil percepção na terminalidade em UTI. O terceiro capítulo nega os modelos biológico e neocortical para diagnóstico da morte humana.
This dissertation presents assisted human terminal condition in high-tech medical environments as a new social, medical and technological phenomenon. It discusses the experience of assisting death, the doctor's role, the impact of technology used and the current models for clinical diagnosis of death. The text also suggests care practices for Good Death and examines their moral and cognitive bases, addressing philosophical, scientific and social perspectives on the topic, emphasizing reflective analysis of the phenomena in medical practice. The methodology was a review and a historical-critical analysis of these practices and their philosophical and scientific roots. The dissertation is divided in three chapters, preceded by the introduction and followed by the conclusion. There is also an article attached. In the introduction, a medical interview starts tackling the theme concerning the difficulties of assisted dying. The first chapter shows the sociocultural evolution of the human terminal condition and the role of medical staff and technology in the process. The second chapter describes the experiences of the dying process by those who assist the dying and their impact on the process. The third chapter presents critical analysis of death diagnosis models, contrasting fundamentals with clinical practice. The conclusion discusses medical practices for Good Death, with its pros and cons. The conclusion brings some ideas of each chapter: based on the first chapter, it is concluded that heteronomy ultimately fragment the perception of death. In the second chapter, the conclusion is that death is a triptych process, difficult to understand in an ICU. Finally, the third chapter denies the biological and neocortical models for diagnosis of human death.
50
Payette, Daniel. "Neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in Alzheimer's disease and brain trauma." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2008.
Find full text