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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Brain damage'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Sebastián, Romagosa Marc. "Brain computer interfaces for brain acquired damage." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670835.

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El terme Interfície Cervell-Ordinador (ICC), va sorgir als anys 70 pel Dr. Jacques J. Vidal, que mitjançant l’ús de l’electroencefalografia (EEG) fou el primer a intentar proporcionar una sortida alternativa als senyals cerebrals per controlar un dispositiu extern. L’objectiu principal d’aquesta fita era ajudar als pacients amb problemes de moviment i comunicació a relacionar-se amb el seu entorn. Des de llavors, molts neurocientífics han emprat aquesta idea i han intentat posar-la en pràctica utilitzant diferents mètodes d’adquisició i processament del senyal, nous dispositius d’interacció, noves metes i objectius. Tot això ha facilitat l’aplicació d’aquesta tecnologia en moltes àrees, i actualment les ICC s’utilitzen per jugar a videojocs, moure cadires de rodes, facilitar l’escriptura en persones sense mobilitat, definir criteris i preferències en el món del comerç i el consum, o inclús poden servir com a detector de mentides. Tot i així, el sector que presenta un major avenç en el desenvolupament de les ICC, és el sector biomèdic. A grans trets, podem utilitzar les ICC amb dues finalitats diferents dins de la neurorehabilitació; substituint una funció perduda o induint canvis en la plasticitat neuronal amb l’objectiu de restaurar o compensar la funció perduda. Existeixen diferents principis per al registre dels senyals del cervell; de manera invasiva, col·locant els elèctrodes de registre dintre de la cavitat cranial, o de manera no invasiva, col·locant els elèctrodes de registre fora de la cavitat cranial. El mètode més conegut i difós és l’EEG. El seu ús és molt adequat en entorns clínics, té una resolució temporal molt precisa i és possible obtenir una retroalimentació en temps real que pot induir la plasticitat cortical i el restabliment de la funció motora normal. En aquesta tesi presentem tres objectius diferents: (1) avaluar els afectes clínics de la rehabilitació mitjançant les ICC en pacients amb ictus, ja sigui realitzant un meta-anàlisi dels estudis publicats o avaluant els canvis funcionals dels pacients amb ictus després de la teràpia d’ICC; (2) explorar paràmetres alternatius per quantificar els efectes de les ICC en pacients amb ictus, avaluant diferents biomarcadors de l’EEG en pacients amb aquesta patologia i correlacionant aquests marcadors amb els resultats de les escales funcionals; (3) optimitzar el sistema ICC mitjançant la gamificació d’un avatar.
El término Interfaz Cerebro-Computadora (ICC) surgió en los años 70 por el Dr. Jacques J. Vidal, que mediante el uso de la electroencefalografía (EEG) trató de dar una salida alternativa a las señales del cerebro para controlar un dispositivo externo. El objetivo principal de esta hazaña era ayudar a los pacientes con problemas de movimiento o comunicación a relacionarse con el entorno. Desde entonces, muchos neurocientíficos han utilizado esta idea y han tratado de ponerla en práctica utilizando diferentes métodos de adquisición y procesamiento de señales, nuevos dispositivos de interacción y nuevas metas y objetivos. Todo ello ha facilitado la aplicación de esta tecnología en muchas áreas y actualmente las ICC se utilizan para jugar a videojuegos, mover sillas de ruedas, facilitar la escritura en personas sin movilidad, establecer criterios y preferencias de compra en el mundo del comercio y el consumo, o incluso pueden servir como detector de mentiras. Sin embargo, el sector que presenta un mayor avance y desarrollo de las ICC es el sector biomédico. A grandes rasgos podemos utilizar las ICC con dos finalidades distintas dentro de la neurorehabilitación; sustituir una función perdida o inducir cambios en la plasticidad neuronal con el objetivo de restaurar o compensar dicha función perdida. Hay diferentes principios para el registro de las señales del cerebro; de forma invasiva, colocando los electrodos de registro dentro de la cavidad craneal, o no invasiva, colocando los electrodos de registro fuera de la cavidad craneal. El método más conocido y difundido es la EEG. Su uso es adecuado para entornos clínicos, tiene una resolución temporal muy precisa y su retroalimentación en tiempo real puede inducir la plasticidad cortical y el restablecimiento de la función motora normal. En esta tesis presentamos tres objetivos diferentes: (1) evaluar los efectos clínicos de la rehabilitación mediante las ICC en pacientes con ictus, ya sea realizando un meta-análisis de los estudios publicados o evaluando los cambios funcionales en los pacientes con ictus después de la terapia de ICC; (2) explorar parámetros alternativos para cuantificar los efectos de las ICC en pacientes con ictus, evaluando diferentes biomarcadores de electroencefalografía en pacientes con esta patología y correlacionando los posibles cambios en estos parámetros con los resultados en las escalas funcionales; (3) optimizar el sistema ICC utilizando mediante la gamificación de un avatar.
The term Brain Computer Interface (BCI) emerged in the 70's by Dr. Jacques J Vidal, who by using electroencephalography (EEG) tried to give an alternative output to the brain signals in order to control an external device. The main objective of this feat was to help patients with impaired movement or communication to relate themselves to the environment. Since then many neuroscientists have used this idea and have tried to implement it using different methods of signal acquisition and processing, new interaction devices, new goals and objectives. All this has facilitated the implementation of this technology in many areas and currently BCI is used to play video games, move wheelchairs, facilitate writing in people without mobility, establish criteria and purchase preferences in the world of marketing and consumption, or even serve as a lie detector. However, the sector that presents the most marked progress and development of BCI is the biomedical sector. In rough outlines we can use BCI with two different purposes within the neurorehabilitation; to substitute a lost function or to induce neural plasticity changes with the aim to restore or compensate the lost function. To restore a lost function by inducing neuroplastic changes in the brain is undoubtedly a challenging strategy but a feasible goal through BCI technology. This type of intervention requires that the patient invests time and effort in a therapy based on the practice of motor image and feedback mechanisms in real time. There are different principles to record the brain signals; invasively, placing the recording electrodes inside the cranial cavity, or non-invasive, placing the recording electrodes outside of the cranial cavity. The best known and most widespread one is EEG, since they are suitable for clinical environments, have a highly accurate temporal resolution and their real-time feedback can induce cortical plasticity and the restoration of normal motor function. On this thesis we present three different objectives: (1) to evaluate the clinical effects of rehabilitation based on BCI system in stroke patients, either by performing a meta-analysis of published studies or by evaluating functional changes in stroke patients after BCI training; (2) to explore alternative parameters to quantify effects of BCI in stroke patients, by evaluating different electroencephalography biomarkers in stroke patients and correlating potential changes in these parameters with functional scales; (3) to optimize the BCI system by using a new gamified avatar.
2

Rolheiser, Tyler M. "Functional implications of cortical damage /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9494.

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3

Jones, Margaret A. "Caregiving for children who have had a traumatic brain injury structuring for security : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Health Science, December 2003." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003.

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4

McKinnon, Elaine E. "Relation of family characteristics and survivor characteristics to outcome after acquired brain injury in adolescents." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0022/NQ39290.pdf.

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5

Hornich, Agnieszka Apolonia. "Examination of self-efficacy and locus of control in predicting community integration following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury." [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2008. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=871.

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6

Morriss, Elissa. "Long term neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome following severe traumatic brain injury /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17593.pdf.

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7

Burke, Christopher. "Uteroplacental insufficiency and prenatal brain damage /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19395.pdf.

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8

Kastuk, Donald John. "Social skills training for the traumatic brain injured." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/NQ43434.pdf.

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9

Cherry, Nicola. "Organic brain damage and occupational solvent exposure." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60012.

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309 cases of organic dementia, cerebral atrophy or psycho-organic syndrome, admitted for 5 days or more to one of 18 Quebec hospitals, were individually matched to a psychiatric referent, admitted with some other diagnosis, and a general hospital referent. Lifetime occupational history was obtained by telephone. Occupational solvent exposure was assessed by (i) individual ratings blind to case status and (ii) a job-exposure matrix. Subjects working with moderate or high solvent concentrations for at least 10 years were considered exposed. With the psychiatric referent series an odds ratio of 1.44 (90% CI 1.03-2.01) was calculated for individual exposure ratings and 1.41 (90% CI 0.89-2.23) for the job matrix. The increased risk was found largely in those with diagnoses of both organic dementia or cerebral atrophy and an alcohol related condition. A similar pattern of risk was found with the general hospital referents. Adjustment for possible confounders did not appreciably alter the risk estimates.
10

McCracken, Eileen. "White matter damage after acute brain injury." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340812.

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11

Nair, Roshan Das. "Effectiveness of memory rehabilitation following brain damage." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444605.

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12

Kwok, Yung Florence. "Cognitive functioning and post-concussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury over a three-month period." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41547603.

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13

Cleveland, Lynda Gail. "Momentum : a model for motivation in rehabilitation for individuals with traumatic brain injury /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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14

吳志萍 and Chi-ping Ng. "Cerebral blood flow monitoring of brain injured patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31214484.

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15

Ng, Chi-ping. "Cerebral blood flow monitoring of brain injured patients /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18777077.

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16

Bingham, Deborah. "The influence of oestrogen on ischaemic brain damage." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422496.

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17

Kelso, Andrew Robert. "Mechanisms and markers of brain damage in epilepsy." Thesis, University of London, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518117.

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18

Olivier, Melani. "Die ontwikkeling en toepassing van 'n voorlopige meetinstrument vir die bepaling van primêre sorggewers se behoeftes rakende die hantering van die persoon met 'n traumatiese breinbesering." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05152007-084141.

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19

郭蓉 and Yung Florence Kwok. "Cognitive functioning and post-concussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury over a three-month period." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41547603.

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20

Witt-Lajeunesse, Alane, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Effects of behavioral therapies and pharmacological intervention in brain damage." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2001, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/149.

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Maximizing recovery of function after brain injury is the goal for many neuroscientists and rehabilitation medicine professional alike. To further elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying compensatory changes in brain injury and to determine the possibility of enhancing these changes, three experiments are described. Experiment 1 looks at the effects of structured (skilled reaching) versus functional (enriched environment) training with and without FGF-2, a pharmacological intervention, as treatment paradigms for rehabilitation-induced recovery of function in cortical lesion adult rats. Experiment 2 examines the treatment effects of tactile stimulation to enhance motor abilities in postnatal day 4 rat pups sustaining cortical damage. Finally, experiment 3 explores changes in the cortical motor representation after cortical damage. Results indicate a marked improvement on behavioral testing combing FGF-2 and functional training. Tactile stimulation significantly enhances recovery of motor functions. Post-lesion cortical mapping reveals changes in the motor representation utilizing the adjacent posterior parietal cortex.
xv, 127 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
21

Chan, Jeffery B. "Respite services and acquired brain injury in New South Wales : the perspectives of persons with acquired brain injury, their carers and service providers." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3929.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Persons with acquired brain injury require continuing support and care in various aspects of their lives many years post-injury. Their care and support are mainly provided by family members. While respite is one of a range of critical support systems for carers and people with life-long disability, very little is known about respite in the area of acquired brain injury. The majority of the research on respite has been undertaken in developmental disability, mental health and in aged care, but there is no research to date about respite from the perspectives of the person with a disability, the carer and respite provider. There is also no research that examines these perspectives in the acquired brain injury literature. This study was aimed to address this gap in the literature by investigating respite from the perspectives of the person with acquired brain injury, the carer and the respite provider. It also examined the profile of respite services being provided in the Australian state of New South Wales as there had not been a comprehensive mapping of respite before. Survey methodology was used to gather information from persons with acquired brain injury and their carers who were members of the New South Wales Brain Injury Association, which is the peak advocacy association of people with brain injury. The same methodology was used to gather similar information from members of Interchange Respite Care New South Wales, which is a peak association representing respite providers in the state. The survey questionnaires were developed and designed after an extensive review of the literature, and were reviewed by experts in the fields of respite, disability and acquired brain injury. The survey questionnaire was also trialled on a sample of families. The survey questionnaires for the three participant groups shared several common sections, such as demographic information; factors influencing respite use; expectations of respite; and satisfaction with respite services used by persons or carers. The responses from the three participant groups were analysed and compared using logistic regression and descriptive statistics. The key findings of the study are (a) several characteristics or factors of the person with acquired brain injury and their carer were significantly associated with the use of respite, (b) there were several common factors that all three participant groups reported to influence respite use, and (c) there were several common expectations of respite among the three participant groups. Some of the characteristics or factors that were significantly associated with respite use included the severity of disability, the high level of dependency of the person with acquired brain injury, and the number of days spent in a coma. Common factors reported by all three participant groups to influence respite use included the stress level of the carer and the severity of disability. Factors reported to influence respite use appear to be consistent with the literature in developmental disability. There were common perspectives regarding the expectations of respite among all three participant groups, such as the need for trained and qualified respite staff; a wider range of respite services and more flexibility of respite service provision. The study also indicated a reported lack of sufficient respite for persons with acquired brain injury and their carers. Some of the findings of the study appeared to be consistent with the research literature on acquired brain injury; such as the majority of carers being mainly female; there is a reliance on informal networks for the care and support of the person with acquired brain injury; and the majority of the persons with acquired brain injury being male. The study also found that many respite providers in New South Wales had extensive experience in running a respite service. The findings of the study have important implications for policy direction and development, practice and service delivery, and research. In terms of policy direction and development, implications explored included: a flexible funding model that is responsive to the needs of carer and person with acquired brain injury, and adequately trained and qualified staff and volunteers play an important role in respite provision. Further research is required to understand empirically the benefits and quality of life outcomes over a period of time, such as what types and extent of respite are more beneficial for certain demographic profiles. The study highlights the perspectives of persons with acquired brain injury, their carers and respite providers. Respite is an important support system to enable persons with acquired brain injury to receive the continuing care and support from their carers. Respite in acquired brain injury is a new field that merits further research as it holds the potential for addressing the needs of people with acquired brain injury and their carers.
22

Gibb, Robbin Lynn, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Experimental stimulation as a treatment for early brain damage." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2001, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/116.

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The current work explores the therapeutic potential of experiential treatments for enhancing functional recovery and anatomical change after early brain damage. Normal rats and rats with perinatal cortical lesions (P2 or P7) were exposed to one of the following treatments: complex housing as juveniles, complex housing as adults, prenatal tactile stimulation, postnatal tactile stimulation, or postnatal handling (removal from the nest with no additional stimulaion). Behavior was assessed in adulthood the Morris water task and the Whishaw reaching task. There were sex differences in the details of the effect of experience on both behavioral recovery and brain morphology. For both sexes treatments initiated prior to or immediately after brain injury were most effective in improving functional outcome. This was correlated with changes in dendritic arborization and Acetylcholinesterase staining. The results suggest that behavioral treatments can be used to stimulate functional recovery after early brain injury.
v, [14], 208 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
23

Shafer, Micheal E. Neumann Craig Stephen. "Traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents an evaluation of the WISC-III four factor model and individual cluster profiles /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9033.

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24

Gregory, Erin Kathleen Taylor. "Cognitive and Perceptual-Motor Indicators of Lateralized vs. Diffuse Brain Damage in Adults." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3287/.

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Among the goals of the neuropsychological assessment are to detect the presence of brain damage, localize which areas of the brain may be dysfunctional and describe subsequent functional impairments. The sensitivity of neuropsychological instruments in carrying out these functions is a question of some debate. The purpose of this study is to determine the utility of lateralizing indicators from the WAIS-III, McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND) and Haptic Visual Discrimination Test (HVDT), from the McCarron-Dial System Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (MDS), in ascertaining the presence or absence of brain damage as well as location of lesion. The classification accuracies of using performance level indicators from these tests and lateralizing indicators, alone and together, were compared.
25

Wong, Pauline P. "Mathematical models of cognitive recovery and impairment profile after severe traumatic brain injury." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/NQ43457.pdf.

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26

Richards, Brian. "The effects of aging and mild traumatic brain injury on neuropsychological performance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ59153.pdf.

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27

Crewe-Brown, Samantha Jayne. "Communication after mild traumatic brain injury a spouse's perspective /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08212007-132725.

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28

Gibb, Robbin Lynn. "Experiential stimulation as a treatment for early brain damage." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq61039.pdf.

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29

OLIVERI, SERENA. "Imagery and perception in subjects with acquired brain damage." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1058.

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Le immagini mentali sono un analogo della percezione? Studiando i pazienti con danni cerebrali, abbiamo visto che le menomazioni percettive sono spesso associate a limitazioni nella capacità di creare immagini (Farah 1988, 2000). Nella recente letteratura tuttavia sono riportati casi di doppia dissociazione, in cui funzioni percettive sono preservate e quelle immaginative danneggiate, o viceversa, funzioni percettive danneggiate ma intatta capacità immaginativa. Nel seguente studio l’obiettivo è indagare i rapporti tra la percezione e immaginazione in pazienti con danno cerebrale, in 5 diversi domini: forme, colori, volti, materiale ortografico e relazioni spaziali. Nel primo studio l'obiettivo era di esplorare le immagini mentali e la capacità di percezione visiva in pazienti con lesioni cerebrali attraverso una batteria di test sviluppata da Bachoud Levi, Bartolomeo, Chokron nel 2001 e adattata per il campione italiano da Antonietti, Oliveri, Incorpora et al. (2008). In un secondo studio abbiamo indagato le relazioni tra imagery e stile cognitivo visualizzatore/verbalizzatore, proponendo 2 questionari (VVQ e QSVV). Infine in un terzo studio, attraverso indagini strumentali (DTI, TAC, RMN) in un gruppo di pazienti con danno focale e deficit specifici di imagery, abbiamo individuato le correlazioni tra deficit nei diversi domini dell’imagery e della percezione con i danni corrispondenti a livello neurale.
Is imagery an analogous of perception? By studying patients with brain damage we saw that perceptual impairments are often associated to limitations in the ability to create images (Farah 1988, 2000). In recent literature we found cases of double dissociation, in which perceptual functions are preserved and those imaginative impaired or, vice versa, there are damaged perception functions but intact imaginative capacity. We aim to investigate the relationships between perception and imagery in patients with brain damage, in 5 different domains: shapes, colour, faces, orthographic material and spatial relationships. In the first study the aim was to explore mental imagery and visual perception skills in patients with brain injury through a battery of tests developed by Bachoud-Lèvi, Bartolomeo, Chokron in 2001, and readapted for the Italian sample by Antonietti, Oliveri, Incorpora et aal (2008). In a second study we investigated the relationships between imagery test performance and visualizer/verbalizer cognitive style, detected by proposing 2 questionnaires (VVQ and QSVV). Finally in a third study, through instrumental investigations (DTI, TAC, MRI) in a group of patient with focal damage and specific imagery deficit, we aimed to correlate imagery and perception deficits to corresponding impairment in neural correlates.
30

OLIVERI, SERENA. "Imagery and perception in subjects with acquired brain damage." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1058.

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Le immagini mentali sono un analogo della percezione? Studiando i pazienti con danni cerebrali, abbiamo visto che le menomazioni percettive sono spesso associate a limitazioni nella capacità di creare immagini (Farah 1988, 2000). Nella recente letteratura tuttavia sono riportati casi di doppia dissociazione, in cui funzioni percettive sono preservate e quelle immaginative danneggiate, o viceversa, funzioni percettive danneggiate ma intatta capacità immaginativa. Nel seguente studio l’obiettivo è indagare i rapporti tra la percezione e immaginazione in pazienti con danno cerebrale, in 5 diversi domini: forme, colori, volti, materiale ortografico e relazioni spaziali. Nel primo studio l'obiettivo era di esplorare le immagini mentali e la capacità di percezione visiva in pazienti con lesioni cerebrali attraverso una batteria di test sviluppata da Bachoud Levi, Bartolomeo, Chokron nel 2001 e adattata per il campione italiano da Antonietti, Oliveri, Incorpora et al. (2008). In un secondo studio abbiamo indagato le relazioni tra imagery e stile cognitivo visualizzatore/verbalizzatore, proponendo 2 questionari (VVQ e QSVV). Infine in un terzo studio, attraverso indagini strumentali (DTI, TAC, RMN) in un gruppo di pazienti con danno focale e deficit specifici di imagery, abbiamo individuato le correlazioni tra deficit nei diversi domini dell’imagery e della percezione con i danni corrispondenti a livello neurale.
Is imagery an analogous of perception? By studying patients with brain damage we saw that perceptual impairments are often associated to limitations in the ability to create images (Farah 1988, 2000). In recent literature we found cases of double dissociation, in which perceptual functions are preserved and those imaginative impaired or, vice versa, there are damaged perception functions but intact imaginative capacity. We aim to investigate the relationships between perception and imagery in patients with brain damage, in 5 different domains: shapes, colour, faces, orthographic material and spatial relationships. In the first study the aim was to explore mental imagery and visual perception skills in patients with brain injury through a battery of tests developed by Bachoud-Lèvi, Bartolomeo, Chokron in 2001, and readapted for the Italian sample by Antonietti, Oliveri, Incorpora et aal (2008). In a second study we investigated the relationships between imagery test performance and visualizer/verbalizer cognitive style, detected by proposing 2 questionnaires (VVQ and QSVV). Finally in a third study, through instrumental investigations (DTI, TAC, MRI) in a group of patient with focal damage and specific imagery deficit, we aimed to correlate imagery and perception deficits to corresponding impairment in neural correlates.
31

Van, der Merwe Jó-Marié. "Family needs following adult traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/335.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant and growing type of disability in South Africa. Coping with the impact of traumatic brain injury is one of the most difficult tasks that can confront a family, and family members experience a wide range of needs as the injured person progresses through rehabilitation. In South Africa, research on family needs following traumatic brain injury has thus far been neglected and rehabilitation resources are sadly lacking. For this reason it is necessary to accumulate knowledge about these families’ needs so as to assist with the planning of future rehabilitation programmes. The study aimed to explore and describe the needs of a sample of families with adult traumatic brain injury individuals in the Eastern Cape utilizing the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ). The research approach followed could be described as descriptive and exploratory in nature and was conducted within a quantitative framework. A biographical questionnaire and the FNQ were administered to a heterogeneous sample of 32 family members, including significant others and primary caregivers, of 16 adult traumatically brain-injured individuals, who sustained the TBI one to three years previously, and who underwent rehabilitation treatment at a private rehabilitation hospital in Port Elizabeth. A non-probability, purposive, and convenient sampling method was used. Descriptive statistics were computed to determine the importance and the perceived fulfillment of the needs. The results of the present study indicated that all 40 needs were endorsed by at least half the sample as being important to very important. Furthermore, 52.50% of the needs were endorsed by more than two-thirds of the sample as being important to very important. The needs were rank-ordered according to their importance ratings and the 10 mostly rated as important or very important were identified. These 10 needs were endorsed by between 84.38% and 93.75% of the family members as being important to very important. Six of the important or very important needs related to health information, two to professional support, one to community support, and one to emotional support. The relation between various participant, traumatically brain-injured individual and brain injury characteristics and the 10 important or very important needs, as well as the 10 needs more frequently rated as met were investigated and found to either have a limited or varied relationship. The 10 needs most often rated as met were endorsed by between 43.75% and 56.25% of the family members. Six of the met needs related to health information, two to community support, one to instrumental support, and one to treatment decisions. The highest unmet need was endorsed by 46.88% of the participants and related to the need to discuss their feelings with someone who has gone through the same experience. Based on the findings of the present study, further research on family needs following traumatic brain injury is suggested. It is also recommended that the Family Needs Questionnaire be used to evaluate existing rehabilitation programmes so as to make suggestions as to how to improve them. The results of this study suggested that family members would benefit from receiving educational information material, as well as referrals to professionals for advice and support.
32

Wisnowski, Jessica Lee. "The specificity of visual recognition impairments following focal brain damage." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/136.

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33

Hill, Heather B. Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Long-term outcomes after severe, traumatic brain injury." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22812.

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Predominant theories regarding adjustment and adaptation from the 1960s to mid 1980 are examined. Medical literature relating to outcomes after traumatic brain injury is examined. The gloom in major texts is surprising. The lack of definition of the commonly used term ???long-term??? is discussed. The relative lack of research to guide advice about very long-term prognoses remains a major concern. There are a number of ways of defining reality. Some come from an observer???s view of a person???s life. Some come from the reports of a significant other in the life of the person with TBI. Others come from the words or writings of the person who sustained a serious TBI. Quantitative research excels at summarising data and reaching generalisations based on statistical projections. Qualitative research excels at telling the story from the person???s viewpoint, providing the rich descriptive detail that sets quantitative results into their human context. An opportunistic sample of people who suffered a very severe TBI in 1981 was traced and narratives of their experiences since their injury obtained, either written or converted to text from interview. The texts were analysed using a qualitative technique based on grounded theory. The results of the analysis, the fact that a variety of approaches were used by people to deal with their problems, possible reasons for negative prognoses, and the limitations of the study are highlighted. Possible reasons why negativity appears to pervade the thinking of some health professionals involved with people with TBI, and possible directions for the future in therapy and research are discussed.
34

Alexander-Kaufman, Kimberley Louise. "Proteomics of the human alcoholic brain: Implications for the pathophysiology of alcohol-related brain damage." The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2692.

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Abstract:
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Proteomics is rapidly achieving recognition as a complimentary and perhaps superior approach to examine global changes in protein abundance in complex biological systems and the value of these techniques in neuropsychiatry is beginning to be acknowledged. Characterizing the brain’s regional proteomes provides a foundation for the detection of proteins that may be involved in disease-related processes. Firstly, optimal conditions were achieved for the application of two dimensional-gel electrophoresis (2D-GE)-based proteomics with postmortem human brain tissue. These optimized techniques were then applied to soluble fractions of adjacent grey and white matter of a single cytoarchitecturally defined area (Brodmann area 9; BA9) and of two adjacent regions of frontal white matter (BA9 and CC body) from healthy individuals. These normative proteomic comparisons highlighted the importance of correct tissue sampling, i.e. proper separation of regional white matter, as heterogeneity in the respective proteomes was demonstrated. Furthermore, they stressed the necessity for future molecular brain mapping studies. The main focus of this thesis however, was to examine the proteomes of brain regions specifically vulnerable to alcohol-induced damage underlying cognitive dysfunction. Alcoholic patients commonly experience mild to severe cognitive decline. It is postulated that cognitive dysfunction is caused by an alcohol-induced region selective brain damage, particularly to the prefrontal cortex. The cerebellum is increasingly recognized for its role in various aspects of cognition and alcohol–induced damage to the cerebellar vermis could indirectly affect neurocognitive functions attributed to the frontal lobe. We used a 2D-GE-based proteomics approach to compare protein abundance profiles of BA9 grey and white matter and the cerebellar vermis from human alcoholics (neurologically uncomplicated and alcoholics complicated with liver cirrhosis) and healthy control brains. Among the protein level changes observed are disturbances in the levels of a number of thiamine-dependent enzymes. A derangement in energy metabolism perhaps related to thiamine deficiency seems to be important in all regions analysed, even where there are no clinical or pathological findings of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Evidence of oxidative changes was also seen in all regions and effects of liver dysfunction in the vermis found. However, overall, these results highlight the complexity of this disease process in that a number of different proteins from different cellular pathways appear to be affected. By identifying changes in protein abundance levels in the prefrontal grey and white matter and the cerebellar vermis, hypotheses may draw upon more mechanistic explanations as to how chronic ethanol consumption causes the structural and functional alterations associated with alcohol-related brain damage. Furthermore, by comparing these results, we may be able to isolate disturbances in molecular pathways specific to the brain damage caused by alcohol, severe liver dysfunction and thiamine deficiency.
35

Alexander-Kaufman, Kimberley Louise. "Proteomics of the human alcoholic brain: Implications for the pathophysiology of alcohol-related brain damage." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2692.

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Abstract:
Proteomics is rapidly achieving recognition as a complimentary and perhaps superior approach to examine global changes in protein abundance in complex biological systems and the value of these techniques in neuropsychiatry is beginning to be acknowledged. Characterizing the brain’s regional proteomes provides a foundation for the detection of proteins that may be involved in disease-related processes. Firstly, optimal conditions were achieved for the application of two dimensional-gel electrophoresis (2D-GE)-based proteomics with postmortem human brain tissue. These optimized techniques were then applied to soluble fractions of adjacent grey and white matter of a single cytoarchitecturally defined area (Brodmann area 9; BA9) and of two adjacent regions of frontal white matter (BA9 and CC body) from healthy individuals. These normative proteomic comparisons highlighted the importance of correct tissue sampling, i.e. proper separation of regional white matter, as heterogeneity in the respective proteomes was demonstrated. Furthermore, they stressed the necessity for future molecular brain mapping studies. The main focus of this thesis however, was to examine the proteomes of brain regions specifically vulnerable to alcohol-induced damage underlying cognitive dysfunction. Alcoholic patients commonly experience mild to severe cognitive decline. It is postulated that cognitive dysfunction is caused by an alcohol-induced region selective brain damage, particularly to the prefrontal cortex. The cerebellum is increasingly recognized for its role in various aspects of cognition and alcohol–induced damage to the cerebellar vermis could indirectly affect neurocognitive functions attributed to the frontal lobe. We used a 2D-GE-based proteomics approach to compare protein abundance profiles of BA9 grey and white matter and the cerebellar vermis from human alcoholics (neurologically uncomplicated and alcoholics complicated with liver cirrhosis) and healthy control brains. Among the protein level changes observed are disturbances in the levels of a number of thiamine-dependent enzymes. A derangement in energy metabolism perhaps related to thiamine deficiency seems to be important in all regions analysed, even where there are no clinical or pathological findings of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Evidence of oxidative changes was also seen in all regions and effects of liver dysfunction in the vermis found. However, overall, these results highlight the complexity of this disease process in that a number of different proteins from different cellular pathways appear to be affected. By identifying changes in protein abundance levels in the prefrontal grey and white matter and the cerebellar vermis, hypotheses may draw upon more mechanistic explanations as to how chronic ethanol consumption causes the structural and functional alterations associated with alcohol-related brain damage. Furthermore, by comparing these results, we may be able to isolate disturbances in molecular pathways specific to the brain damage caused by alcohol, severe liver dysfunction and thiamine deficiency.
36

Prichard, Cheryl L. Fickey. "Assessing computer-mediated communication discourse of a traumatic brain injury survivor." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1676.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 114 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-99).
37

Driscoll, David Matthew Anderson Steven W. "The effects of prefrontal cortex damage on the regulation of emotion." Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/287.

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38

Arenth, Patricia McSweeney. "Exploring the use of social comparison by individuals recovering from traumatic brain injury." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1058809047.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 78 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisors: Lyle D. Schmidt and John D. Corrigan, Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-78).
39

Engel, Doortje Caroline. "Secondary damage after traumatic brain injury: epidemiology, pathophysiology and therapy." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/12218.

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40

Chiavarino, Claudia. "The process of intentional action in individuals with brain damage." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435317.

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41

Sherratt, Susan Mary. "Oral discourse : right brain damage, demographic variables and sampling effects." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271163.

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42

Penchikala, Madhuri. "ANGIOTENSIN AT1 RECEPTOR BLOCKADE PROTECTS THE BRAIN FROM ISCHEMIC DAMAGE." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1187382272.

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43

Henskens, L. H. G. "High blood pressure and target-organ damage of the brain." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=14316.

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44

Li, Ping-An. "Mechanisms of acidosis-mediated ischemic brain damage histopathology and pathophysiology /." Lund : Lund University, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38158955.html.

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45

Pahlmark, Kerstin. "The role of oxygen free radicals in ischemic brain damage." Lund : Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research and the Dept. of Anesthesiology, Lund University, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39782077.html.

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46

MATOS, VILA VERDE DIOGO MIGUEL. "Seizure activity and brain damage: a tale of two hippocampi." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1425236.

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Objective: Focal non-convulsive status epilepticus (ncSE) is a relatively common emergency condition that in most cases presents itself as first epileptic manifestation. In recent years it became increasingly clear that de novo focal ncSE should be promptly treated to improve post-status outcome. Whether the presence of seizures during this condition contributes to ensuing brain damage is not unequivocally demonstrated and is here addressed. Methods: We used continuous video-EEG monitoring to characterize an acute experimental focal ncSE model induced by unilateral intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA) in guinea pigs. Immunohistochemistry, morphological reconstruction and mRNA expression analysis were used as markers to detect and quantify brain injury at 3 days and 1 month post focal ncSE. To distinguish between the effects of seizure activity vs excitotoxic properties of KA, another cohort of animals was generated and i.p. injected with diazepam. Results: Seizure activity during focal ncSE involved both hippocampi and neuronal loss was limited to the KA-injected hippocampus. Diazepam treatment reduced both ncSE duration and local KA-induced neuropathological damage. Transient and possibly reversible astro and microgliosis associated with upregulation of astrocytic-specific aquaporin-4 and Kir4.1 genes was observed mainly in the hippocampus contralateral to KA injection. Ipsilaterally, permanent gliosis was present and neuronal loss as well as blood-brain barrier dysfunction were not averted. Interpretation: Seizures at the site of injection of KA worsen tissue damage. We also show that focal ncSE induces a transient and possibly reversible activation of astro and microglia in regions remote from KA injection, suggesting that seizure activity without a local pathogenic co-factor does not promote detrimental changes in the brain. These findings demonstrate that focal damage remains circumscribed to the lesional region during focal ncSE and that the propagation of seizure activity to regions remote from the primary site of injection did not seem to exert a harmful effect, in this model. Lastly, our study emphasizes the need of antiepileptic treatment to contain the local epileptic focus during focal ncSE.
Objective: Focal non-convulsive status epilepticus (ncSE) is a relatively common emergency condition that in most cases presents itself as first epileptic manifestation. In recent years it became increasingly clear that de novo focal ncSE should be promptly treated to improve post-status outcome. Whether the presence of seizures during this condition contributes to ensuing brain damage is not unequivocally demonstrated and is here addressed. Methods: We used continuous video-EEG monitoring to characterize an acute experimental focal ncSE model induced by unilateral intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA) in guinea pigs. Immunohistochemistry, morphological reconstruction and mRNA expression analysis were used as markers to detect and quantify brain injury at 3 days and 1 month post focal ncSE. To distinguish between the effects of seizure activity vs excitotoxic properties of KA, another cohort of animals was generated and i.p. injected with diazepam. Results: Seizure activity during focal ncSE involved both hippocampi and neuronal loss was limited to the KA-injected hippocampus. Diazepam treatment reduced both ncSE duration and local KA-induced neuropathological damage. Transient and possibly reversible astro and microgliosis associated with upregulation of astrocytic-specific aquaporin-4 and Kir4.1 genes was observed mainly in the hippocampus contralateral to KA injection. Ipsilaterally, permanent gliosis was present and neuronal loss as well as blood-brain barrier dysfunction were not averted. Interpretation: Seizures at the site of injection of KA worsen tissue damage. We also show that focal ncSE induces a transient and possibly reversible activation of astro and microglia in regions remote from KA injection, suggesting that seizure activity without a local pathogenic co-factor does not promote detrimental changes in the brain. These findings demonstrate that focal damage remains circumscribed to the lesional region during focal ncSE and that the propagation of seizure activity to regions remote from the primary site of injection did not seem to exert a harmful effect, in this model. Lastly, our study emphasizes the need of antiepileptic treatment to contain the local epileptic focus during focal ncSE.
47

INVERNIZZI, PAOLA. "Productive symptoms in right brain damage: behavioural and anatomical observations." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28151.

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This thesis describes behavioural observations and anatomical investigations concerning productive symptoms observable in right brain damaged patients with spatial neglect. A "productive" symptom is defined here as a behavioural manifestation that, contrary to what observed when performance is lacking or its failure is acknowledged by patients, is characterized by the active generation of acts or verbal reports reflecting a distorted mental representation of reality. A first classification of productive symptoms in neglect patients pertains the spatial frame of their manifestation, extrapersonal or personal. Following this classification, I examine these manifestations in separate sections of the thesis. Section 1 is dedicated to the peri/extrapersonal space, while, in Section 2, I focus on symptoms manifesting in the own bodily space. In chapter 2, I concentrate on graphic perseveration in cancellation tasks, the main productive symptom observable for the extrapersonal space in neglect patients. Together with omission of left-sided targets, a variety of irrelevant marks over already cancelled targets on the ipsilesional side can be observed. It is not clear whether these perseverative behaviours are functionally and anatomically connected, nor whether they correlate with the severity of spatial neglect. We retrospectively identified two well-distinct forms of perseveration on cancellation tasks ("additional marks" and "inkblot") in 33 neglect patients, and we investigated their relationship with neglect severity and their anatomical correlates. We show, on both a behavioural and anatomical level, that different kinds of perseverative behaviours are differently related with neglect. From chapter 3 onwards I concentrate on productive manifestations in personal space. One main such productive symptom is somatoparaphrenia, the delusional belief whereby a patient feels that a paralyzed limb does not belong to his body; the symptom is typically associated with unilateral neglect and most frequently with anosognosia for hemiplegia. In chapter 3, I describe the anatomical pattern associated with somatoparaphrenia in a wide sample of patients, and I propose that somatoparaphrenia occurs providing that a distributed cortical lesion pattern is present together with a subcortical lesion load that prevents most sensory input from being processed in neocortical structures. In chapter 4, I also show how somatoparaphrenia, that, so far, has been often considered simply the most severe and delusional manifestation along a continuum of body disorders also including anosognosia for hemiplegia, can be also observed in isolation from this symptom. I report anatomical observations on a small group of pure somatoparaphrenic patients and discuss the implications of this uncommon symptomatological dissociation. The experiments mentioned so far were based on classical anatomoclinical correlation inference. The study of productive/positive symptoms, however, would ideally need functional methods as well, in order to capture the neural correlates of the "active" component implied by the symptoms under investigation. I present an initial attempt along these lines. I considered the delusional behaviour of patients with anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP): this has been often classified as a “negative” symptom as patients crucially “lack” the awareness of the motor deficit. However, beyond this defective aspect, AHP is usually characterized by an active delusional component that manifests in the patients’ firm assertion of having performed a movement with the paralyzed limb, in spite of any clear evidence that no movement has actually occurred. In this case, one has to postulate the presence of a residual, and maybe misinterpreted, motor brain activity to account for this delusional component. Here I illustrate, for the first time, the missing direct imaging evidence that the illusory movement of the left plegic hand is associated with brain activation of intact cortical motor regions implicated in motor control and intention (see chapter 5). It is suggested that motor delusions observed in AHP depend on a combination of well placed lesions and the presence of some motor intentionality represented by residual activity within the spared motor cortices. The diversity of the phenomena considered in this thesis makes it difficult to generalize anatomical considerations about productive manifestations associated with spatial neglect; yet, it is worth of notice the fact that all these disorders can be also conceptualized as self-monitoring disorders particularly related to motor/sensory control aspects in which the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus seems to play an important role. Indeed, we found it constantly involved in all the productive disorders considered, irrespective of whether defective monitoring was about the left plegic limb or the right intact one. In addition, we find it promising the adoption of functional methods to gather a more complete description of the neural underpinnings of symptoms of great complexity like the productive ones.
48

Togher, Leanne. "Interpersonal communication skills in the traumatic brain injury population : an analysis across situations." Phd thesis, School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6643.

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49

梁秀華 and Xiuhua Liang. "Neural damage and cytokine activation by bilirubin in vitro." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576763.

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50

Liang, Xiuhua. "Neural damage and cytokine activation by bilirubin in vitro." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576763.

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