Relevant bibliographies by topics / Brain damage – Complications – Treatment

Academic literature on the topic 'Brain damage – Complications – Treatment'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Brain damage – Complications – Treatment"

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Sangi, Sibghatullah Muhammad Ali, and Nora Abdulaziz Al Jalaud. "Prevention and treatment of brain damage in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats with Metformin, Nigella sativa, Zingiber officinale, and Punica granatum." Biomedical Research and Therapy 6, no. 7 (July 5, 2019): 3274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v6i7.554.

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is well-known metabolic disorder, which causes serious effects on human health with its complications. Many mechanisms has been postulated to cause DM related complications. One of the main complications is neuronal damage, for which no proper preventive and curative therapies are available. Methods: In this study the effects of Ginger, Nigella sativa, Punica granatum and Metformin were seen on the prevention and treatment of brain damage caused by diabetes mellitus in streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetes in rats. 50 adult Wistar albino male rats were used in the study, the rats were divided in 10 study groups. The body weight, serum glucose levels were measured, and histopathological examination was performed. Results: In comparison to the diabetic control rats, significant increase in weight was found in animals of all the studied groups. Serum glucose levels reduced significantly in comparison to the STZ induced diabetic rats in all the animals. Histopathological examination showed prevention from brain damage and repair of the neuronal tissues by Ginger, Nigella sativa, Punica granatum and Metformin. Conclusion: The studied substances were observed to possess preventive and curative effects on the brain damage caused by diabetes mellitus.
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Ali Mohamed, Daoud, Arthur Semedo, Boris Adeyemi, Leila Hessissen, Maria El Kababri, Nazik Allali, Latifa Chat, and Siham El Haddad. "Reversible Encepahlopathy Induced by Ifosfamide with Brain Imaging." Global Pediatric Health 8 (January 2021): 2333794X2110304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x211030415.

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Chemotherapy may be responsible for central and/or peripheral neurotoxicity. These neurological complications are frequent but little known. Some molecules are more providers, responsible for acute or late complications, sometimes not reversible. Some manifestations such as acute encephalopathy and acute reversible encephalopathy are increasingly understood. We report here a case of acute ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy (EII) with brain damage resolved after discontinuation of this treatment in a 13-years-old child.
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Shmelev, V. V., and M. I. Neymark. "Markers of ischemic neuronal damage, neurological complications of carotid endarterectomy and their management depending on anesthesia type." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 1 (February 15, 2013): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1761.

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Aim. to identify the anesthesia method for carotid endarterectomy providing minimal ischemic neuronal damage and decreasing the number of post-surgical complications; to adjust the optimal treatment for associated neurological disorders. Methods. An assessment of anesthesia methods was performed in 190 patients who underwent the carotid endarterectomy. The intravenous anesthesia with propofol (first group, 60 patients), regional anesthesia using deep cervical plexus block (second group, 60 patients), and inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane (third group, 70 patients) were compared. Brain perfusion parameters, neurological status, ischemic neuronal damage markers were examined. Results. In patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy an ischemic neuronal damage is provoked due to brain perfusion decrease as a result of common carotid artery clipping regardless of anesthesia method. Inhalational anesthesia was associated with relatively lower ischemic neuronal damage markers levels. Some patients form every group have developed serious post-surgical neurological complications (stroke, transient cerebral ischemic attack, neurological status deterioration). Post-surgical complications were registered in 10 (16.7%) patients from the first group, in 9 (15%) patients form the second group, in 3 (4.3%) patients from the third group. Citicoline was the most effective drug for associated neurological disorders treatment. Conclusion. Inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane compared to intravenous anesthesia with propofol and regional anesthesia using deep cervical plexus block limits the neuronal damage and is associated with lower number of post-surgical neurological complications, which can be treated with citicoline.
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Zharova, Elena, Anastasia Bondarenko, Elena Vershinina, Olga Titova, and Natalia Talnishnih. "Rehabilitation of patients with facial nerve injuries after neurosurgical treatment." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine 15, no. 1 (2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2020.105.

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The facial nerve is most often, as compared with other cranial nerves, damaged due to surgical interventions. In the first place, as the cause of iatrogenic damage, is neurosurgical treatment for neoplasms of the ponto-cerebellar angle and temporal bone, brain injuries. The neuropathy of the facial nerve is the cause of neurological and cosmetic defects that have a serious traumatic effect on the patient. The psychological consequences of facial neuropathy are more important for the patient than physical damage. Paresis of mimic muscles cannot be hidden and often leads to social maladjustment, isolation and a marked reduction in the quality of life. Facial neuropathy, in most cases, is not a life-threatening condition, but it definitely changes the patient’s life. This article proposes an effective rehabilitation system, tested on 172 patients with facial nerve damage after neurosurgical treatment. The combined use of physiotherapy, massage, therapeutic gymnastics, including posture treatment with taping, during the early period of the disease, allows restoring nerve function and maintaining mimic muscles, as well as avoiding undesirable complications such as pathological synkinesis and corneal atrophy.
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Hamzagic, Nedim, Tomislav Nikolic, Biljana Popovska Jovicic, Petar Canovic, Sasa Jacovic, and Dejan Petrovic. "Acute Kidney Damage: Definition, Classification and Optimal Time of Hemodialysis." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2017-0050.

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Abstract Acute damage to the kidney is a serious complication in patients in intensive care units. The causes of acute kidney damage in these patients may be prerenal, renal and postrenal. Sepsis is the most common cause of the development of acute kidney damage in intensive care units. For the definition and classification of acute kidney damage in clinical practice, the RIFLE, AKIN and KDIGO classifications are used. There is a complex link between acute kidney damage and other organs. Acute kidney damage is induced by complex pathophysiological mechanisms that cause acute damage and functional disorders of the heart (acute heart failure, acute coronary syndrome and cardiac arrhythmias), brain (whole body cramps, ischaemic stroke and coma), lung (acute damage to the lung and acute respiratory distress syndrome) and liver (hypoxic hepatitis and acute hepatic insufficiency). New biomarkers, colour Doppler ultrasound diagnosis and kidney biopsy have significant roles in the diagnosis of acute kidney damage. Prevention of the development of acute kidney damage in intensive care units includes maintaining an adequate haemodynamic status in patients and avoiding nephrotoxic drugs and agents (radiocontrast agents). The complications of acute kidney damage (hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis, hypervolaemia and azotaemia) are treated with medications, intravenous solutions, and therapies for renal function replacement. Absolute indications for acute haemodialysis include resistant hyperkalaemia, severe metabolic acidosis, resistant hypervolaemia and complications of high azotaemia. In the absence of an absolute indication, dialysis is indicated for patients in intensive care units at stage 3 of the AKIN/KDIGO classification and in some patients with stage 2. Intermittent haemodialysis is applied for haemodynamically stable patients with severe hyperkalaemia and hypervolaemia. In patients who are haemodynamically unstable and have liver insufficiency or brain damage, continuous modalities of treatment for renal replacement are indicated.
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Romero, José Rafael, Viken L. Babikian, Douglas I. Katz, and Seth P. Finklestein. "Neuroprotection and Stroke Rehabilitation: Modulation and Enhancement of Recovery." Behavioural Neurology 17, no. 1 (2006): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/137532.

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Recent advances in research are modifying our view of recovery after nervous system damage. New findings are changing previously held concepts and providing promising avenues for treatment of patients after stroke. This review discusses mechanisms of neuronal injury after brain ischemia and the attempts to study neuroprotection options based on such mechanisms. It also considers measures available at present to improve outcome after stroke and presents new areas of research, particularly stimulation techniques, neurogenesis and trophic factors to enhance recovery. In order to improve outcomes, medications that may be detrimental to recovery should be avoided, while symptomatic therapy of problems such as depression, pain syndromes and spasticity may contribute to better results. Continued surveillance and early treatment of complications associated with acute stroke, along with supportive care remain the mainstay of treatment for stroke patients in the recovery phase. Present research on limiting brain damage and improving recovery and plasticity enhance the prospects for better clinical treatments to improve recovery after stroke.
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Liang, Jia, Zhifeng Qi, Wenlan Liu, Peng Wang, Wenjuan Shi, Wen Dong, Xunming Ji, Yumin Luo, and Ke Jian Liu. "Normobaric Hyperoxia Slows Blood–Brain Barrier Damage and Expands the Therapeutic Time Window for Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Treatment in Cerebral Ischemia." Stroke 46, no. 5 (May 2015): 1344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.114.008599.

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Background and Purpose— Prolonged ischemia causes blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage and increases the incidence of neurovasculature complications secondary to reperfusion. Therefore, targeting ischemic BBB damage pathogenesis is critical to reducing neurovasculature complications and expanding the therapeutic time window of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis. This study investigates whether increasing cerebral tissue P O 2 through normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) treatment will slow the progression of BBB damage and, thus, improve the outcome of delayed tPA treatment after cerebral ischemia. Methods— Rats were exposed to NBO (100% O 2 ) or normoxia (21% O 2 ) during 3-, 5-, or, 7-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion. Fifteen minutes before reperfusion, tPA was continuously infused to rats for 30 minutes. Neurological score, mortality rate, and BBB permeability were determined. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was measured by gelatin zymography and tight junction proteins (occludin and cluadin-5) by Western blot in the isolated cerebral microvessels. Results— NBO slowed the progression of ischemic BBB damage pathogenesis, evidenced by reduced Evan blue leakage, smaller edema, and hemorrhagic volume in NBO-treated rats. NBO treatment reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 induction and the loss of tight junction proteins in ischemic cerebral microvessels. NBO-afforded BBB protection was maintained during tPA reperfusion, resulting in improved neurological functions, significant reductions in brain edema, hemorrhagic volume, and mortality rate, even when tPA was given after prolonged ischemia (7 hours). Conclusions— Early NBO treatment slows ischemic BBB damage pathogenesis and significantly improves the outcome of delayed tPA treatment, providing new evidence supporting NBO as an effective adjunctive therapy to extend the time window of tPA thrombolysis for ischemic stroke.
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Krylov, V. V., V. A. Rak, A. S. Tokarev, M. V. Sinkin, I. S. Trifonov, O. L. Yevdokimova, V. N. Stepanov, E. N. Rozhnova, and G. V. Koinash. "Stereotactic Radiosurgery in the Complex Treatment of Patients With Epilepsy Associated With Various Structural Brain Lesions." Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care" 10, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-1-73-82.

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BACKGROUND Structural damage to the brain substance in adults is one of the most common causes of epilepsy. Currently, such patients are prescribed drug therapy and/or surgery. With this approach, epileptic symptoms can persist in a significant proportion of patients (up to 30%, depending on the disease).AIM OF STUDY To clarify the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (STS) as part of the complex treatment of patients suffering from pharmacoresistant symptomatic epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis, vascular malformations, and some benign tumors of the brain and its membranes.MATERIAl AND METHODS Examination and radiosurgical treatment were carried out in 45 patients with various brain diseases accompanied by symptomatic epilepsy, provided that the previous conservative or surgical treatment was insufficiently effective. During the observation period, the frequency of seizures was assessed and the presence and nature of postoperative complications were recorded.RESUlTS With a median follow-up of 30 months, good outcomes (class I–II according to J. Engel’s scale) were observed in 5 out of 8 patients with hippocampal sclerosis who underwent STS after amygdaloghippocamplobectomy; seizure frequency decreased in all patients. Complications of STS were noted in 2 patients and had a transient nature. In the group of patients with meningiomas, in 4 out of 8 patients, seizures completely stopped, in 3 patients the frequency of seizures decreased by more than 90%, in another 1 the frequency of seizures decreased by 60%. There were no complications of STS during the observation period. Inintracerebral tumors (diffuse astrocytoma), Engel Ia outcome was observed in both patients. In the group of patients with cavernous angiomas, there were good outcomes (class I–II according to J. Engel’s scale) in 17 patients (85%). Deterioration (Engel IVc outcome) was observed in 1 patient (5%), 2 patients (10%) had complications of STS. In the group of patients with arteriovenous malformations, good outcomes (classes I–II according to J. Engel’s scale) were found in all 7 patients. The complication after STS was revealed in 1 patient.CONClUSION The presented results confirm the high efficiency and low risk of side effects when using stereotactic radiosurgery in the complex treatment of patients with epilepsy associated with common structural brain lesions.
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Kraśniej-Dębkowska, Agnieszka, Maciej Śnieżyński, and Anna Członkowska. "Inflammatory process as an etiological and prognostic factor of stroke and the goal of potential treatment strategies." Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatry and Neurology 36, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.33450/fpn.2020.12.003.

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Objective. Inflammation is the body’s natural defence mechanism against factors that damage its tissues. However, if it lasts chronically, it may adversely affect the body’s homeostasis. Inflammation is not only a long-known risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and its complications, but also develops brain tissue damage in the course of ischemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage, leading to even greater damage. In addition, the immune system functions are impaired, which increases the risk of infection. Literature review. Drugs that can reduce the risk of stroke by inhibiting vascular damage and modifying the inflammatory process in the central nervous system, including counteracting the risk of infection, have become the subject of many experimental and clinical studies on strokes. Such drugs include canakinumab, human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, colchicine, fingolimod, siponimod or natalizumab. Conclusions. Considering all available research results, the therapeutic pathway using anti-inflammatory drugs has a high potential; however, the complications associated with evoked immunosuppression in patients should be kept in mind. The paper presents a review of the literature on the role of the inflammatory process in the pathogenesis of stroke as well as related therapeutic options.
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Rodrigues, Joana, Dalila Rocha, Fátima Santos, and Anabela João. "NeonatalCitrobacter koseriMeningitis: Report of Four Cases." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/195204.

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Citrobacter koseriis a rare cause of neonatal meningitis with predisposal for brain abscesses, and therefore responsible for high mortality and serious neurologic sequelae in this age group. We present the evolution and outcome of four cases ofC. koserimeningitis. One of them developed brain abscesses and another one died. The cases show the bacteria's propensity for serious brain damage, despite early and adequate treatment, and the high risk of long-term neurologic complications in survivors, which imposes a close follow-up.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brain damage – Complications – Treatment"

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Gibb, Robbin Lynn, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Experimental stimulation as a treatment for early brain damage." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2001, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/116.

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The current work explores the therapeutic potential of experiential treatments for enhancing functional recovery and anatomical change after early brain damage. Normal rats and rats with perinatal cortical lesions (P2 or P7) were exposed to one of the following treatments: complex housing as juveniles, complex housing as adults, prenatal tactile stimulation, postnatal tactile stimulation, or postnatal handling (removal from the nest with no additional stimulaion). Behavior was assessed in adulthood the Morris water task and the Whishaw reaching task. There were sex differences in the details of the effect of experience on both behavioral recovery and brain morphology. For both sexes treatments initiated prior to or immediately after brain injury were most effective in improving functional outcome. This was correlated with changes in dendritic arborization and Acetylcholinesterase staining. The results suggest that behavioral treatments can be used to stimulate functional recovery after early brain injury.
v, [14], 208 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Gibb, Robbin Lynn. "Experiential stimulation as a treatment for early brain damage." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq61039.pdf.

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司徒慧瑜. "針灸治療腦部損傷後意識障礙的計量文獻分析." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1309.

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Un, Ka-chun, and 阮嘉駿. "Effects of dexamethasone and progesterone treatment on experimental brain injury induced by surgical electrocautery." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48334807.

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Haemostasis is an important aspect in neurosurgical operations for the achievement of good outcome. Bipolar coagulation is an extensively used haemostatic technique in modern neurosurgery but it may also cause iatrogenic brain trauma due to thermal injury. Published studies on coagulation-induced brain injury on a histological level are, however, limited. The present study aimed at investigating the extent of inflammatory and glial responses caused by different settings of bipolar coagulation using an animal model. It also investigated whether and how pre-operative treatment with dexamethasone or progesterone, both known to have neuro-protective effects, would modulate gliosis and macrophage infiltration induced by bipolar coagulation. The study consisted of two parts. The first part investigated the astrocytic and macrophage responses after bipolar coagulation at different power settings. 45 Sprague-Dawley rats received craniotomy, followed by bipolar coagulation at different power output settings (mock operation as control, 20W and 40W) over the rat cortex for a standardized duration of two seconds. On day 3, day 7 and day 28, brain sections were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for GFAP (astrocytes) and ED1 (macrophages). Quantification of outcome by random field cell counting under light microscopy was performed. The second part of the study used another 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into three treatment groups: Group 1 received the vehicle agents only (Control); Group 2 received progesterone 20mg/kg; Group 3 received dexamethasone 1 mg/kg. All treatments were given intraperitoneally two hours before craniotomy. The animals received bipolar coagulation at 40W for a standardized duration of two seconds. On day 1, 3 and 7, brain sections were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for GFAP and ED1. Quantification of outcome by random field cell counting under light microscopy was performed. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the animals on day 3 was also performed. The results showed that bipolar coagulation was associated with significant glial and inflammatory responses that correlated with power output. Progesterone and dexamethasone were both effective in reducing the glial hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration associated with bipolar coagulation. Dexamethasone had an additional advantage of reducing brain oedema and cavity formation. The findings suggested that progesterone and dexamethasone could be further explored as potential protective and/or remedial agents for bipolar coagulation-induced brain trauma sustained during neurosurgical procedures.
published_or_final_version
Surgery
Master
Master of Research in Medicine
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Krefting, Laura Margaret. "Community re-integration after head injury: A disability ethnography." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184268.

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As a result of medical advancement and cultural patterns of Western society, traumatic head injury is increasingly a problem for the injured, their families, medical and social services professionals, and the community at large. Head trauma is remarkable because of the complex nature of the residual disabilities which include long lasting cognitive and emotional problems, social isolation, and family disruption. The purpose of this study was to re-examine the phenomenon of recovery after mild to moderate head injury using an ethnographic research approach. The data were based on the experiences of 21 disabled and their families in the community setting. The disabled represented a range of stages of recovery and severity of disability. The data was collected using three field work strategies: extensive semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and non-academic document review. After collection the data was subjected to thematic and content analysis, that resulted in the selection of themes that characterized the experiences for the head injured and their families. The themes for the head injured informants were: dead days, loneliness, and forgetting. The family members' experiences were represented in the themes: responsibility, vulnerability, tough love, gender differences, and reactions to the experience. Next the data were interpreted using five theoretical concepts from cultural anthropology: liminality, personhood, social labelling, sick role and double bind. In addition, the reflexive influence of the investigator on the research process was addressed. The trustworthiness of the ethnography was assessed in terms of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Several variables were found to be important to the long term outcome of head injury. These variables were: family directed therapy, double bind communication patterns, and lifelong recovery. Two other factors were found to be critical for the recovery of the head injured. These were economic disincentives to the return to employment and the importance of the social and family environment. In the final section the research and policy implications of the study were discussed in relation to management and service provisions.
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Falla, Karen M. "The Relationship between Executive and Psychosocial Functioning in Children Treated for a Brain Tumor." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2848/.

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This study examined the relationship between executive and psychosocial functioning in 45 children and adolescents age 6 to 17 years who had been treated for a brain tumor. Executive functioning deficits can profoundly impact an adult's ability to function successfully in life. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the potential impact of executive functioning deficits on the day-to-day functioning in a pediatric population. The domains of executive functioning assessed included cognitive flexibility, conceptual thinking, sustained attention, and response inhibition. Psychosocial functioning was assessed using both parent and child report. Several significant relationships were found for adolescents ages 15 and older, with effect sizes ranging from medium to large. In particular, cognitive flexibility and conceptual thinking were significantly related to parent report of depression and adaptive functioning. Fewer significant relationships with smaller effect sizes were found for younger children. The results may reflect the developmental emergence of executive functioning abilities and late effects of executive functioning deficits upon psychosocial functioning. The correlational design of this study precludes definitive statements regarding the temporal nature of the relationship. Additional research, including longitudinal research and replicatory studies, will be needed to further investigate the developmental consequences of executive functioning impairment.
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Gaitonde, Suchita S. "RULE-BASED CATEGORY LEARNING: AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OPTION IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1058296601.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 66 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-59).
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Khong, Pek-Lan, and 孔碧蘭. "Diffusion tensor MR imaging in the evaluation of treatment-induced white matter injury in childhood cancer survivors." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38320666.

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Clark, Susan Beverley. "Neurocognitive and symptom profiles of concussed and nonconcussed provincial rugby players over one season." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002459.

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Neurocognitive and symptom profiles of concussed and nonconcussed adult provincial rugby union players were investigated over one rugby season, including early season (baseline), intermittent postconcussion, and end of season testing. In a non-equivalent quasi-experimental design, nonconcussed (n = 54) and concussed (n = 17) rugby groups were compared with demographically equivalent noncontact sport controls (n = 37, and n = 17, respectively). Measures included the ImPACT cognitive and symptom composites, and the WMS-III Visual Reproduction and Verbal Paired Associates subtests. The independent and dependent comparative analyses in respect of both nonconcussed and concussed groups, provided cross-validation of poorer acute and/or chronic neuropsychological outcomes for the rugby groups on the ImPACT Reaction Time, Visual Motor Speed, Impulse Control and Symptom composites, and the WMS-III Verbal Paired Associates. The finding of significantly poorer scores on Verbal Paired Associates up to 24 days post concussion for the rugby players versus controls, was longer than the 7 – 10 day recovery period frequently cited in the literature. The overall implication of the study is that even in a group with high cognitive reserve such as these provincial level athletes, there may be prolonged acute recovery, as well as permanent deleterious neuropsychological consequences of cumulative concussive injury in association with a sport such as rugby. Accordingly, the move towards careful individualised postconcussion monitoring of neurocognitive functioning is endorsed, including early identification of any significant permanent reductions in cognitive reserve. Sensitivity of the ImPACT test might be enhanced via inclusion of a verbal associate learning task.
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Whitefield, Victoria Jane. ""Glory is temporary, brain injury may be forever" : a neuropsychological study on the cumulative effects of sports-related concussive brain injury amongst Grade 12 school boy athletes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004471.

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The study investigated the long-term neuropsychological effects of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) due to participation in a contact sport amongst South African final year male high school athletes (N=189). The sample was divided by sports affiliation (Contact n = 115; Non-Contact n = 74) and concussion history (2+ Concussion n = 43; 0 Concussion n = 108). Comparative subgroups were statistically equivalent for age, education and estimated IQ (P > 0.05), with the Contact sport groups having markedly higher incidences of concussion than controls (p < 0.000). Measures included the ImPACT Verbal and Visual Memory, Visuomotor Speed and Reaction Time Composites, Digit Symbol Substitution and Digit Symbol Incidental Recall (immediate and delayed), the ImPACT Symptom Scale and a Post-concussion Symptom (PCS) questionnaire. Independent t-tests on cognitive measures at pre-and post-season revealed a predominant trend of Contact and 2+ Concussion groups performing worse, although only ImPACT Reaction Time at pre-season reached significance (p = 0.014). PCS comparisons revealed an overwhelming tendency of enhanced symptoms for Contact and 2+ Concussion groups with total scores being significantly different in most instances at pre-and post-season. Fatigue and aggression were the symptoms most pervasively high for the Contact and 2+ Concussion groups. Dependent t-test analyses at pre- versus post-season, revealed significant practice effects for the Contact group, not in evidence for controls on ImPACT Visual Motor Speed and Digit Symbol Incidental Recall-Delayed. Overall the results imply the possible presence of lingering neurocognitive and symptomatic concussion sequelae amongst South African final year high school participants of a contact sport. The indications gain potency when understood against the background of (i) Brain Reserve Capacity threshold theory, and (ii) the known risk of Type II error in group MTBI research, that might result in under-emphasis of subtle effects and miscalculation of cost-benefit risks. Clinical implications, and the need for prospective case-based research to ratify the results of this predominantly cross-sectional study, are discussed.
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Books on the topic "Brain damage – Complications – Treatment"

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Matthies, Brigitte K. The behavior management handbook: A practical approach to patients with neurological disorders. San Antonio, TX: Therapy Skill Builders, 1997.

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Matthies, Brigitte K. The behavior management handbook: A practical approach to patients with neurological disorders. San Antonio, TX: Therapy Skill Builders, 1997.

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Adult neurogenic language disorders: Assessment and treatment : a comprehensive ethnobiological approach. San Diego: Singular Pub. Group, 1997.

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Mackay, Linda E. Maximizing brain injury recovery: Integrating critical care and early rehabilitation. Austin, Tex: Pro-ed, 2004.

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E, Chapman Phyllis, and Morgan Anthony S, eds. Maximizing brain injury recovery: Integrating critical care and early rehabilitation. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1997.

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Kathy, Kuipers, ed. Management of upper limb hypertonicity. San Antonio, Tex: Therapy Skill Builders, 1999.

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Brain-disabling treatments in psychiatry: Drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex. 2nd ed. New York: Springer Pub., 2008.

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Brain-disabling treatments in psychiatry: Drugs, electroshock, and the role of the FDA. New York: Springer Pub. Co., 1997.

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Schäfer, Aleric J., and Johann Müller. Brain damage: Causes, management and prognosis. Hauppauge] New York: Nova Biomedical, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2012.

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A, Baethmann, Go K. G, and Unterberg A, eds. Mechanisms of secondary brain damage. New York: Plenum Press, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Brain damage – Complications – Treatment"

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Hayashi, Nariyuki, and Dalton W. Dietrich. "Noninvasive Monitoring of Brain Damage." In Brain Hypothermia Treatment, 137–40. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53953-7_41.

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Bartolomeo, Paolo. "Treatment of Attention Disorders." In Attention Disorders After Right Brain Damage, 159–72. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5649-9_9.

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Monje, Michelle, and Patrick Y. Wen. "Neurological Complications in Adults." In Late Effects of Treatment for Brain Tumors, 113–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b109924_8.

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Partap, Sonia, and Paul Graham Fisher. "Neurological Complications in Children." In Late Effects of Treatment for Brain Tumors, 133–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b109924_9.

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Hayashi, Nariyuki, and Dalton W. Dietrich. "Mechanism of Brain Damage and Management of Severe Brain Injury Based on Laboratory Studies." In Brain Hypothermia Treatment, 43–50. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53953-7_22.

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Wilson, Barbara A., Allen Paul, Rose Anita, and Kubickova Veronika. "Treatment at the Raphael Hospital." In Locked-In Syndrome after Brain Damage, 42–57. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019. | Series: After brain injury: survivor stories: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315204727-7.

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Steiner, Thorsten. "The Management of Cerebral Stroke by Brain Hypothermia Treatment." In Hypothermia for Acute Brain Damage, 181–85. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53961-2_26.

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Wakamatsu, Hidetoshi, and Lu Gaohua. "Automatic Air-Cooling Incubating System for Brain Hypothermia Treatment." In Hypothermia for Acute Brain Damage, 109–15. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53961-2_15.

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Somer, H., and R. O. Roine. "Biochemical indicators of ischaemic brain damage." In Molecular Basis of Neurological Disorders and Their Treatment, 115–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3114-8_12.

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Erazo, Yaritza P., Christian P. Chasi, María A. Latta, and Víctor H. Andaluz. "Machine Learning for Acquired Brain Damage Treatment." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 362–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25965-5_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Brain damage – Complications – Treatment"

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Киреева, Виктория, Viktoriya Kireeva, Ю. Усольцев, Yu Usolcev, Ж. Капустенская, Zh Kapustenskaya, Е. Кожевникова, et al. "Intermediate results 2016 of a search study of translational diagnostic methods Mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia and/or head Brain." In Topical issues of translational medicine: a collection of articles dedicated to the 5th anniversary of the day The creation of a department for biomedical research and technology of the Irkutsk Scientific Center Siberian Branch of RAS. Москва: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_58be81ec94893.

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Purpose of the study. To rate prognostic properties of changes in mitochondrial DNA concentration in the blood plasma of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia and ischemic heart disease in relation to the disease and the effectiveness of the therapy. Materials and methods. The study involved patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) with stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaques, who have signed informed consent to the data processing within the framework of scientific research. The patients were admitted to the hospital for examination and treatment of CHD and CCI in Cardiology and Neurology Unit of the Hospital of ISC SB RAS. The subjects underwent laboratory and instrumental examination and analysis of the level of free circulating serum mitochondrial DNA by real-time PCR (copies/ml). The examination results considered as satisfactory were compared with the mtDNA levels before and after the treatment. Results. The average value of the mtDNA levels before and after the treatment in patients of neurological and cardiological profile were significantly different: 1 093 686 copies/ml vs 418 046 copies/ml, respectively (p = 0.02). Unlike women, men mtDNA levels statistically significantly (p = 0.03) decreased after the treatment. We revealed statistically significant differences in mtDNA level indicators before and after the treatment, depending on the definition of the series (p = 0.0010) for rank test Kruskal – Wallis test. The results of the proposed research will help to identify prognostic factors of destabilization of cell damage and plaques in endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and its complications, to conduct clinical test of the method for predicting and diagnostics of cellular damage in chronic ischemia on a background of atherosclerosis.
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Garavaglia, Lorenzo, Elena Beretta, Sandra Strazzer, Felice Sala, Morena Delle Fave, Fabio Brunati, Francesca Passaretti, and Simone Pittaccio. "Dynamic Splints, Functionally-Customized With Nitinol, Can Reduce Joint Rigidity in Pediatric Subjects With Spasticity." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14246.

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Neuromuscular diseases as a consequence of brain damage are complex phenomena involving disuse, immobility, brain tissue remodeling and cortical function remapping. They may have various causes and strike any part of the population. The vicious circle leading to a worsening of the patients’ conditions proceeds through muscle shortening by contractures, disruption of the normal reflex behavior and sensory problems, development of spasticity [1]. Physical rehabilitation alone or in association with surgery or pharmacological treatments can be useful in limiting those degenerations. Besides manual rehabilitation, splints and braces are prescribed to control the limb posture and obtain stretching of the muscles. The role of those orthoses is to maintain the paretic limb in a set ‘physiological’ position and let it relax into that posture, in an attempt to reduce muscle rigidity and contractures. However applying a fixed constraint to the limb and waiting for relaxation to take place, may cause discomfort, pain, skin rash, and sundry different complications [2]. Also, any residual voluntary movement is prevented by a fixed-angle splinting. In addition, all these negative characteristics limit tolerability and daily application times. This work presents a different way to promote limb repositioning, based on the application of NiTi-alloy-based dynamic splints, which favor mobility and any residual use of the affected limb. Furthermore it suggests that application of mild contact forces prolonged in time has the advantage of feeling less painful and uncomfortable for the patients, improving overall treatment tolerability.
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Fazel Bakhsheshi, Mohammad, Lynn Keenliside, and Ting-Yim Lee. "Temperature Monitoring With Zero Heat Flux Technology in Comparison With Thermocouple Needle Probe During Selective Hypothermia." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6930.

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Hypothermia (brain temperature < 35°C) shows great promise to minimize neural damage in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest and traumatic head injuries.[1, 2] However, cooling the whole body below 33–34°C can induce severe complications.[3] Arrhythmia, infection and primary coagulopathy are the most commonly noted complications.[3] We have developed a Selective Brain Cooling (SBC) approach which can be initiated early after injury, induces rapid cooling and maintains the target brain temperature over an extended period of time before slowly rewarming without significantly affecting the core body temperature.[4] In our experiments, brain temperature was measured invasively by inserting a thermocouple probe into the brain parenchyma, which measured brain temperature accurately but is invasive, making it unsuitable for most patients. Invasive intracranial probe also can have complications such as intracranial hemorrhage or hematoma and infection.[5] Accordingly, the clinical adaptation of our SBC technique requires a reliable, non-invasive and accurate method for measuring local brain temperature so that cooling and rewarming rate can be controlled during targeted temperature management.
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Hoursan, Hesam, Mohammad Taghi Ahmadian, Ahmad Barari, and Hamid Naghibi Beidokhti. "Modelling and Analysis of the Effect of Angular Velocity and Acceleration on Brain Strain Field in Traumatic Brain Injury." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63053.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been known as one of the most anonymous reasons for death around the world. A presentation of a model of what happens in the process has been under study for many years; and yet it remains a question due to physiological, geometrical and computational complications. Although the facilities for soft tissue modeling have improved and the precise CT-imaging of human head has revealed novel details of brain, skull and the interface (the meninges), a comprehensive FEM model of TBI is still being studied. This study aims to present an optimized model of human head including the brain, skull, and the meninges after a comprehensive study of the previous models. The model is then used to investigate the effects of various sudden velocity-acceleration impulses on the strain field of the brain by using FE method. Next, the results are summed up and compared with an existing criterion on damage threshold in the brain during trauma. To reach this aim, a full geometrical model of a 30-year-old patient’s head has been generated from CT-scan and MR data. The model has been exposed to 20 angular velocity-acceleration pulses. Subsequently, the changes in the strain field have been compared with the results obtained in the previous studies yielding acceptable accordance with a major previous criterion. The results also show that certain criteria can be generated on the threshold of damage in the brain.
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Zhu, Liang, and Robert Flower. "Role of Vasomotion in Control of Retina Edema in Diabetic Retinopathy: Quantification of Fluid Transport Through Retinal Capillaries." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-189507.

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Diabetic retinopathy refers to diabetes-related complications in the retina, It is a progressive disease and its symptoms in the eyes can vary from non-vision threatening to vision loss, and it can lead to permanent damage to the neuronal retinal tissue. The irreversible nature of the damage suggests that prevention of diabetes by eliminating risk factors and early screening are the cornerstone of relevant treatment to stop or limit visual damage in those patients.
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Hyun, Sinjae, Erminia Albanese, Monica Quiroga, Antonino Russo, and Arthur J. Ulm. "Abnormal Hemodynamics in Post Communicating Artery After Coil Embolization." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206854.

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Cerebral aneurysms are dilatations, or bulges, in blood vessels of the brain. They can occur in an endless variety of shapes and sizes and some of them can be harmless, while others can rupture and cause bleeding into the subarachnoid space, or the space between the brain and the skull. Once this occurs, a number of complications can develop such as hydrocephalus, vasospasm, stroke, and nerve damage, and the chance of survival is 50% [1]. It is estimated that approximately 2% of the United States population has cerebral aneurysms, and roughly 27,000 patients per year are reported to have ruptured aneurysms [2].
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Gordon, Danica, and Chandrasekhar Thamire. "Ultrasound Hyperthermia: Dose Estimation and Device Design." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87790.

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As a cancer treatment modality, thermal ablation offers the advantages of being less invasive and posing fewer post-procedural complications compared to traditional cancer therapies. It involves destroying cancerous cells by subjecting them to the appropriate amount of heat dose. In the present study, high frequency ultrasound (US) ablation is theoretically examined for effectiveness as a treatment modality for intraluminal and extracorporeal cancer treatment. Objectives of this study are to 1) develop thermal-damage correlations for a variety of cancer cells and 2) design US treatment devices, based on thermal damage correlations developed, and treatment planning protocols. To achieve these goals, thermal damage information for different cell types is first determined from earlier studies or pilot experiments. Required US doses for specific tissues are determined next through numerical experiments. Device design and estimation of thermal coagulation contours is then performed by comparing temperature-history data against the thermal-damage data for a range of device parameters. Treatment protocols are finally developed based on the analysis of the results for a range of applicable device parameters. Results are presented in terms of correlations for the volume and location of ablated tissue corresponding to a range of operating parameter values.
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Attaluri, Anilchandra, Liang Zhu, and Zhongping Huang. "Targeted Brain Hypothermia Induced by an Interstitial Cooling Device in Human Neck: An Experimental Study." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205558.

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In recent years, mild or moderate hypothermia during which brain temperature is reduced to 30–35°C, has been proposed for clinical use as an adjunct for achieving protection from cerebral ischemia during cardiac bypass injury [Nussmeier 2002], carotid endarterectomy [Jamieson et al., 2003] and resection of extra-cranial aneurysm [Wagner and Zuccarello 2005], as well as stroke and traumatic brain injury [Marion et al., 1996; Marion 1997]. It has been shown that a reduction in brain temperature as small as 2°C substantially reduced ischemic cell damage [Clark et al., 1996], or improved significantly post-ischemic regional histopathology [Wass et al., 1995]. Most of the currently used clinical studies have examined only systemic hypothermia by whole body cooling. The major methodological drawback of this approach is slow cooling rate (∼0.5°/hour) due to the large volume of the human body and arteriovenous shunt vasoconstriction [Krieger et al., 2001; Marion et al., 1997; Schwab et al., 1998]. Whole body cooling does induce systemic complications. The systemic risks may outweigh the beneficial effects of neuro-hypothermia in the current clinical practice. Selective brain cooling which keeps the rest of body at normal temperature, on the other hand, can be used to maximize the neuroprotection of hypothermia.
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Sahlabadi, Mohammad, Seyedvahid Khodaei, and Parsaoran Hutapea. "Design and Evaluation of Advanced Smart Needles for Brain Biopsy." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3838.

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Biopsy involves removing a piece of tissues for further medical examination. Brain biopsy is generally performed using different techniques, such as open biopsy, stereotactic core biopsy, and needle biopsy. Open biopsy is the most common and the most invasive form of the brain biopsy. During the procedure, a piece of the skull is removed and the brain is exposed. Stereotactic core and needle biopsies are minimally invasive. In these procedures, a hole is usually drilled into the skull and a needle is inserted through the hole to extract the tissue. Brain biopsy has its risks and complications due to the vulnerability of the brain tissue. Although using needle or stereotactic biopsies reduce the risks, brain biopsy may cause swelling or bleeding in the brain, and in some cases, can result in infection, stroke, seizure or even coma. A needle biopsy with conventional needles involves pulling or pushing the cutting stylet inside the needle hollow body (cannula). The manual pulling and pushing procedure induces lateral movement of the needle, which increases the damage in brain tissue. The goal here is to completely remove the needle harmful lateral movement. In this work, design of smart biopsy needles is proposed and demonstrated by incorporating nitinol wires and springs to control the lateral movement of the cutting stylet. The first design comprises of two parts. The first part of the needle is a 360° tissue cutting stylet, and the second part is the cannula. The cutting stylet can slide inside the cannula and a nitinol wire is embedded at the end of the stylet and the end of the cannula. As the electric current is applied on the nitinol wire, it shrinks and pulls the cutting stylet. The second design is almost similar to the first design, but it has a 180° tissue cutting stylet with a similar actuating mechanism. The last design uses a nitinol torsion spring that is attached to the cutting stylet. It cuts tissue samples by activating the nitinol spring to rotate the cutting stylet.
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Sikorski, Ryan A., Denise R. Merrill, and Thomas L. Merrill. "Computational Modeling of the Canine Middle Cerebral Artery During Localized Hypothermia Stroke Treatment." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14596.

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Stroke is caused by an interruption of brain blood supply and is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. Each year 795,000 people experience a new stroke, of which 87% are ischemic [1]. The primary goal in stroke treatment is restoring blood flow in the effected regions of the brain, typically by using mechanical thrombectomy devices. However, after blood flow is restored, additional damage can occur in the form of reperfusion injury. Studies have shown that up to 50% of cell death from an ischemic event occurs as a result of reperfusion injury in cardiac patients [2].
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Reports on the topic "Brain damage – Complications – Treatment"

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Bramlett, Helen M. Mechanisms and Treatment of Progressive Damage After Traumatic Brain Injury. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413329.

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