Relevant bibliographies by topics / Brain's default mode

Academic literature on the topic 'Brain's default mode'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Brain's default mode"

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Raichle, Marcus E. "The Brain's Default Mode Network." Annual Review of Neuroscience 38, no. 1 (July 8, 2015): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014030.

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Davey, Christopher G., Jesus Pujol, and Ben J. Harrison. "Mapping the self in the brain's default mode network." NeuroImage 132 (May 2016): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.022.

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Horovitz, S. G., A. R. Braun, W. S. Carr, D. Picchioni, T. J. Balkin, M. Fukunaga, and J. H. Duyn. "Decoupling of the brain's default mode network during deep sleep." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 27 (June 19, 2009): 11376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901435106.

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Shin, Jonghan, Vladimir Kepe, Gary W. Small, Michael E. Phelps, and Jorge R. Barrio. "Multimodal Imaging of Alzheimer Pathophysiology in the Brain's Default Mode Network." International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/687945.

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The spatial correlations between the brain's default mode network (DMN) and the brain regions known to develop pathophysiology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have recently attracted much attention. In this paper, we compare results of different functional and structural imaging modalities, including MRI and PET, and highlight different patterns of anomalies observed within the DMN. Multitracer PET imaging in subjects with and without dementia has demonstrated that [C-11]PIB- and [F-18]FDDNP-binding patterns in patients with AD overlap within nodes of the brain's default network including the prefrontal, lateral parietal, lateral temporal, and posterior cingulate cortices, with the exception of the medial temporal cortex (especially, the hippocampus) where significant discrepancy between increased [F-18]FDDNP binding and negligible [C-11]PIB-binding was observed. [F-18]FDDNP binding in the medial temporal cortex—a key constituent of the DMN—coincides with both the presence of amyloid and tau pathology, and also with cortical areas with maximal atrophy as demonstrated by T1-weighted MR imaging of AD patients.
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Sämann, Philipp G., Renate Wehrle, David Hoehn, Victor I. Spoormaker, Henning Peters, Carolin Tully, Florian Holsboer, and Michael Czisch. "Development of the Brain's Default Mode Network from Wakefulness to Slow Wave Sleep." Cerebral Cortex 21, no. 9 (February 17, 2011): 2082–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhq295.

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Spunt, Robert P., Meghan L. Meyer, and Matthew D. Lieberman. "The Default Mode of Human Brain Function Primes the Intentional Stance." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 6 (June 2015): 1116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00785.

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Humans readily adopt an intentional stance to other people, comprehending their behavior as guided by unobservable mental states such as belief, desire, and intention. We used fMRI in healthy adults to test the hypothesis that this stance is primed by the default mode of human brain function present when the mind is at rest. We report three findings that support this hypothesis. First, brain regions activated by actively adopting an intentional rather than nonintentional stance to a social stimulus were anatomically similar to those demonstrating default responses to fixation baseline in the same task. Second, moment-to-moment variation in default activity during fixation in the dorsomedial PFC was related to the ease with which participants applied an intentional—but not nonintentional—stance to a social stimulus presented moments later. Finally, individuals who showed stronger dorsomedial PFC activity at baseline in a separate task were generally more efficient when adopting the intentional stance and reported having greater social skills. These results identify a biological basis for the human tendency to adopt the intentional stance. More broadly, they suggest that the brain's default mode of function may have evolved, in part, as a response to life in a social world.
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Hui, Kathleen K. S., Ovidiu Marina, Joshua D. Claunch, Erika E. Nixon, Jiliang Fang, Jing Liu, Ming Li, et al. "Acupuncture mobilizes the brain's default mode and its anti-correlated network in healthy subjects." Brain Research 1287 (September 2009): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.061.

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Briggs, Robert G., Onur Tanglay, Nicholas B. Dadario, Isabella M. Young, R. Dineth Fonseka, Jorge Hormovas, Vukshitha Dhanaraj, et al. "The Unique Fiber Anatomy of Middle Temporal Gyrus Default Mode Connectivity." Operative Neurosurgery 21, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): E8—E14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opab109.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The middle temporal gyrus (MTG) is understood to play a role in language-related tasks such as lexical comprehension and semantic cognition. However, a more specific understanding of its key white matter connections could promote the preservation of these functions during neurosurgery. OBJECTIVE To provide a detailed description of the underlying white matter tracts associated with the MTG to improve semantic preservation during neurosurgery. METHODS Tractography was performed using diffusion imaging obtained from 10 healthy adults from the Human Connectome Project. All tracts were mapped between cerebral hemispheres with a subsequent laterality index calculated based on resultant tract volumes. Ten postmortem dissections were performed for ex vivo validation of the tractography based on qualitative visual agreement. RESULTS We identified 2 major white matter bundles leaving the MTG: the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus. In addition to long association fibers, a unique linear sequence of U-shaped fibers was identified, possibly representing a form of visual semantic transfer down the temporal lobe. CONCLUSION We elucidate the underlying fiber-bundle anatomy of the MTG, an area highly involved in the brain's language network. Improved understanding of the unique, underlying white matter connections in and around this area may augment our overall understanding of language processing as well as the involvement of higher order cerebral networks like the default mode network in these functions.
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Davey, Christopher G., and Ben J. Harrison. "The brain's center of gravity: how the default mode network helps us to understand the self." World Psychiatry 17, no. 3 (September 7, 2018): 278–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wps.20553.

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Sambataro, F., N. D. Wolf, M. Pennuto, N. Vasic, and R. C. Wolf. "Revisiting default mode network function in major depression: evidence for disrupted subsystem connectivity." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 10 (October 31, 2013): 2041–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713002596.

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BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by alterations in brain function that are identifiable also during the brain's ‘resting state’. One functional network that is disrupted in this disorder is the default mode network (DMN), a set of large-scale connected brain regions that oscillate with low-frequency fluctuations and are more active during rest relative to a goal-directed task. Recent studies support the idea that the DMN is not a unitary system, but rather is composed of smaller and distinct functional subsystems that interact with each other. The functional relevance of these subsystems in depression, however, is unclear.MethodHere, we investigated the functional connectivity of distinct DMN subsystems and their interplay in depression using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsWe show that patients with MDD exhibit increased within-network connectivity in posterior, ventral and core DMN subsystems along with reduced interplay from the anterior to the ventral DMN subsystems.ConclusionsThese data suggest that MDD is characterized by alterations of subsystems within the DMN as well as of their interactions. Our findings highlight a critical role of DMN circuitry in the pathophysiology of MDD, thus suggesting these subsystems as potential therapeutic targets.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brain's default mode"

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Jilka, Sagar Ramesh. "Salience network and default mode network dysfunction after traumatic brain injury." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2015. http://research.gold.ac.uk/11157/.

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It is now widely accepted that cognitive control depends on the integrated operation of large-scale distributed brain networks. Recent methodological advances allow both structural and functional connectivity (FC) within these networks to be studied non- invasively in vivo. These approaches hold the promise of dramatically extending our understanding of the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on cognitive control, which has the potential to help determine strategic targets for the rehabilitation of individuals with TBI. In the current thesis, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging is combined to test the general hypothesis that cognitive deficits after TBI arise from functional disconnection within brain networks that mediate cognitive functions. Of particular interest are the interactions between two brain networks known as the Salience Network (SN) and the Default Mode Network (DMN). These networks are thought to be important for cognitive control however, how these networks interact during cognitive control is limited. This thesis largely investigates the effect of TBI on network interactions that accompany changing motor control. Functional MRI of the Stop Signal Task (SST) is initially used to study response inhibition. In healthy subjects, FC between the right anterior insula (rAI), a key node of the SN, and the DMN transiently increased during stopping. This change in FC was not seen in a group of TBI patients with impaired cognitive control. Furthermore, the amount of damage to the underlying white matter tract negatively correlated with the strength of FC between the networks. These findings are confirmed in a second group of TBI patients. In the second group, switching rather than inhibiting a motor response: (1) was accompanied by a similar increase in network FC in healthy controls; (2) was not seen in TBI patients; and (3) tract damage after TBI again correlated with FC breakdown. I also replicate this pattern of structure-function in a group of elderly participants who demonstrate similar cognitive control impairments as the TBI group. The findings show that FC between the rAI and DMN increases with cognitive control, and that the ability to efficiently regulate the FC between the rAI and DMN can be predicted by the structural integrity within a remote brain network previously proposed to be involved in switching between internally and externally directed attention. This work provides evidence for a model of cognitive control where the SN is involved in the attentional capture of salient external stimuli and signals the DMN to reduce its activity when attention is externally focused. It also identifies DMN dysfunction as underlying various cognitive deficits after TBI, and confirms the relevance of white matter damage in the development of brain dysfunctions after TBI.
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Bergfield, Kaitlin Louise. "Age-Related Changes in Brain Connectivity: Alterations of the Default Mode Network." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297022.

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The default mode network (DMN) is a system of brain regions observed on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) when an individual is resting and deactivated during performance of goal-directed cognitive tasks, and is thought to be involved in self-related information processing. While differences with age have been observed in anatomical and functional connectivity, resting activity, and task-related deactivation of the DMN, age-related differences in the interaction between resting connectivity and active processing in the DMN are not well understood. In this study, the relation between functional connectivity and cognitive activation during performance of a task known to involve key DMN regions (i.e., posterior cingulate, medial frontal, medial temporal, and parietal regions) was investigated. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was performed on fMRI scans in healthy young (n=11) and older (n=19) adults to assess functional connectivity of the DMN at rest, and activation during a self-related source memory task. Older adults were then divided based on task performance into high- and low-performing groups to assess individual differences in connectivity and activation. Though both young and older adults showed robust connectivity among DMN regions, older adults showed greater connectivity between the DMN and other areas, particularly in frontal regions; this expansion was especially evident in low performers. Activation of the DMN during encoding and retrieval of self-related versus other-related information was greater in young adults than older adults. While low-performing older adults showed no differences between self- and other-related activation at retrieval, high performers engaged regions outside the DMN during other-related retrieval. These results suggest that older adults whose self-related source memory performance is similar to young adults exhibit preservation of DMN connectivity, self-related activation in the DMN which more closely resembles that of young adults, and additional recruitment of non-DMN networks to achieve higher memory performance. Aging in low performers is associated with dedifferentiation of DMN connectivity with expansion particularly into frontal regions, and reduced ability to engage the DMN or other networks in discriminating self- from non-self-related information. Further, preservation of DMN-specific functional connectivity is directly related to greater activation differences during retrieval of self-related versus non-self-related information in older adults.
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Grenfell, Sophie. "Autobiographical Memory and the Default Mode Network in Mild Cognitive Impairment." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8654.

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Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) show variable impairment in autobiographical memory function, source memory function and reduced integrity in the brain’s default mode network (DMN). There is overlap between the DMN, such as the medial posterior cortical hub, and brain regions that are active when participants recall autobiographical memories. To assess the association between autobiographical memory and the DMN, 14 MCI and eleven age and education-matched healthy control participants were assessed using the autobiographical memory interview (AMI) and underwent resting state fMRI scans. The same participants underwent a test of source memory which assessed both recognition and source memory. The MCI group showed significantly increased semantic as well episodic memory impairments using the AMI, evident across the lifespan for episodic memory but not for childhood semantic memory. Significantly poorer DMN connectivity, using a goodness of fit index (GOF) of the DMN template, was evident in the MCI group. MCI participants showed poorer performance on both recognition and source memory relative to HC participants. A modest association between AMI semantic memory (r=0.4) scores, but not episodic memory scores (r=0.09), and DMN connectivity was found in these participants. For future study the predictive value of MR imaging in the DMN of MCI participants should be explored.
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Goh, Jeremy Jao Yang. "Parkinson's Disease: Structural Integrity of Four Cognitive Networks." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8982.

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Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) often show cognitive impairments in addition to motor symptoms, with the majority of PD patients converting to dementia as the disease progresses. The changes in the microstructural integrity of key nodes in resting state networks (RSNs) could be a good indicator of the cognitive effects of PD on brain regions as it progresses to dementia. To assess the association between cognitive effects and microstructural change, the microstructural integrity of the regions of interest (ROIs) in 4 resting state networks (RSN), specifically the default mode network (DMN), based on DTI were obtained in three separate groups of patients with PD. One group of patients (PD-N) were cognitively normal, while the second group of patients (PD-MCI) reflect the transitional phase of mild cognitive impairment prior to dementia, and the third group of patients (PD-D) possessed a clear diagnosis of dementia. A comparison group of healthy controls (HC) were included, matched across the three patient groups. The PD-D group showed worse microstructural integrity for the majority of the ROIs across the 4 networks. The loss of structural integrity in the PD-MCI group was more selective, with some ROIs showing similar changes to PD-D, and others showing similar changes to the PD-N group. The PD-N group fail to show any changes in the structural integrity of any ROIs, relative to HC. For future study, a combined structural / functional study should be performed to examine if there are similar changes across both measures.
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Ghumman, Sukhmanjit. "Functional connectivity in patients with brain tumours." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/12001.

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Abstract: The default mode network of the brain is a set of functionally connected regions associated with introspection and daydreaming. Recent fMRI studies have discovered that the default mode network is often perturbed in the diseased brain. For example, the default mode network is known to be modulated in dementia, ADHD, depression, and schizophrenia, among others. This has led many into believing that this network could have a role in the physiopathology of nervous system disease, or could be a useful marker of brain function. However, very few studies have yet been done which investigate how surgical lesions such as brain tumours affect the default mode network. Consequently, the goal of this project was to characterise the effect of brain tumours on the default mode network based on their location, histological type, and other parameters.
Le mode de fonctionement par défaut du cerveau est un réseau cérébral associé à la rêverie et à l’introspection. Des études récentes sur ce réseau ont découvert qu’il est perturbé dans plusieurs pathologies cérébrales. Par example, le mode de fonctionnement par défaut est modulé en démence, TDAH, dépression, schizophrénie et plusieurs autres maladies liés au cerveau. Ceci a mené à l’hypothèse que le mode de fonctionnement par défaut pourrait avoir un rôle dans la physiopathologie des maladies du système nerveux, ou pourrait être un marqueur utile du fonctionnement cérébral. Par contre, très peu d’études ont investigué l’effet de lésions chirurgicaux comme les tumeurs cérébrales sur le mode de fonctionnement par défaut. Par conséquent, le but de ce projet était de caractériser l’importance de l’histologie, de la localisation et de plusieurs autres paramètres de l’effet d’une tumeur cérébrale sur le mode de fonctionnement par défaut.
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Maxwell, Adele. "A functional imaging study of the relationship between the Default Mode Network and other control networks in the human brain." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/d1b48289-9bd5-484a-9c3e-61e13704405d.

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The Default Mode Network (DMN) is a large-scale brain network implicated in the control and monitoring of internal modes of cognition. The aim of this research was to investigate DMN function and its relationship to other large-scale cognitive control networks through functional connectivity analysis and analysis of combined electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Data utilised across a series of three experiments were obtained from combined EEG-functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging recordings acquired during technical development of a new scanner in the Clinical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee. Analyses were based on data acquired from neurologically healthy participants while they rested with their eyes-closed for five minutes. Following this, participants completed a 14-minute auditory attention task, designed to engage the dorsal and ventral attention networks. In this task, participants responded to task-relevant stimuli (odd/even numbers) and attempted to inhibit their responses to task-irrelevant ‘oddballs’ (the number ‘0’) and task-irrelevant/distractor stimuli (environment sounds). Experiment 1 utilised the simultaneous acquired EEG-fMRI resting-state data in order to establish whether EEG frequency content in the beta range (13-30 Hz) was a significant predictor of DMN activity (regions of which were identified on an individual basis using functional connectivity analysis). Results were comparable to existing literature showing there is inconsistency in establishing a reliable electrophysiological signature of the DMN. Experiment 1 also employed region-of-interest (ROI)-to-ROI functional connectivity analysis as a method of exploring the functional relationship between the DMN and: (1) a task-positive resting-state network; (2) other commonly identified DMN regions; and (3) regions covering the whole of the cerebral cortex. Results revealed networks were correlated at a component-based level and challenged existing literature which appears to over-generalise results from exploration of network interaction. Findings also revealed activation of specific DMN components were coupled with down-regulation of sensory-associated cortical regions. Experiment 2 analysed the fMRI data that were obtained from the auditory attention task in order to: (1) determine whether DMN activity was observed when participants were engaged in an externally-directed task; and (2) explore changes in DMN activity associated with increasing task duration. Results revealed that activation of the DMN was prominent and did not vary over three equal time periods. This supports existing research showing the DMN is a continuously active system (whose activity is modulated based on external-task demands). Results also hinted at the existence of possible relationships between the DMN and components of several other large-scale control networks. Therefore, in Experiment 3 potential interactions were explored using ROI-to-ROI functional connectivity analysis of the whole 14-minute time series. Firstly, functional connectivity within the dorsal/ventral attention, executive/frontoparietal control and salience networks was analysed; secondly, the relationships between putative regions of these networks and the DMN were analysed. Overall, results revealed that networks were functionally connected with one another at a component-based level only. This suggests flexible interaction between several large-scale control networks allows neurologically healthy participants to allocate resources to the simultaneous monitoring of the internal and external worlds.
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Lalani, Sanam Jivani. "Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Pediatric Brain Volume." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6924.

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This study investigated the effects of lesion presence within larger brain networks (e.g., default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and mentalizing network (MN)) in the chronic phase of a pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the effect on social function. We compared children with a TBI to children with an orthopedic injury (OI) with three different aims. The first aim was to determine whether network volume differed by group (e.g., TBI vs. OI). Second, investigate if lesion presence in a sub component region of the network resulted in total network volume loss for that network. Finally, learn whether network volume would predict outcome on the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2). Approximately 184 participants (65% male; 70% Caucasian) between the ages of 6-17 years completed testing and a structural MRI scan in the chronic stage (at least one-year post-injury) of the injury. Injury severity included complicated mild, moderate, and severe TBI. Radiological findings were analyzed using recommendations from the Common Data Elements' core (presence or absence of a lesion) and supplementary (lesion type and location) recommendations. Volumetrics for all participants were obtained with FreeSurfer to quantify total network volumes for the DMN, SN, and MN. The parent of each participant completed a behavioral measure for externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Three sets of statistical analyses were completed, including multivariate analysis of covariance, analysis of covariance, and multiple regression, for each of the three aims of the study, respectively. There were significant differences in total DMN volume between the two groups and participants with lesions solely in the MN had lower total MN volume. Moreover, lower total MN volume was associated with worse functioning on measures of externalizing and internalizing behaviors. The larger implications, including developmental and social implications, of these findings are discussed.
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Kajimura, Shogo. "Mind wandering regulation by non-invasive brain stimulation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225352.

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Arefin, Tanzil Mahmud. "Signatures du récepteur GPR88 sur la connectivité fonctionnelle et structurelle du cerveau chez la souris : implications pour le développement de la dépendance à l’alcool." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ101/document.

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Les mutations génétiques et les conditions pathologiques affectent la connectivité functionnelle du cerveau. Nous avons combiné la mutagénèse chez la souris et l’analyse de connectivité fonctionnelle (CF) par imagerie en Resonance Magnétique Nucléaire (IRM) pour déterminer l’impact de la délétion du gène codant pour le récepteur orphelin GPR88 sur la CF du cerveau entier. En utilisant une approche non biaisée, nous avons découvert que la délétion génétique chez la souris altère fortement le Default Mode Network, une caractéristique de nombreuses maladies psychiatriques. Nous avons aussi observé des modifications importantes de la connectivité des cortex moteurs et somatosensoriels,et du striatum en accord avec le pattern d’expression du récepteur. Enfin, une analyse par régions d’intérêt montre une perturbation importante du réseau mesocorticolimbic, qui pourrait expliquer la tendance de ces animaux à consommer de fortes quantités d’alcool. La concordance entre les altérations de CF et celles du comportement des animaux GPR88 knockout positionnent ce récepteur comme une cible prometteuse pour le traitement de maladies psychiatriques
Pathological agitations of the brain and the expression or mutation of single gene affect overall brain connectivity. Here we combined mouse mutagenesis with functional and structural MRI and explored mouse whole brain connectivity maps non-invasively in response to the inactivation of Gpr88 gene. We perceived robust modifications in the default mode network which is considered a hallmark of many psychiatric conditions, followed by sensori-motor network allied to sensorimotor gating deficiency underlying hyperactivity phenotype in Gpr88-/- mice. In addition, hippocampal and dorsal striatum functional connectivity perturbations might underlie learning deficiency and weakened amygdala connectivity with cortex and striatum might suggest triggering of risk-taking behavior previously observed in these animals. Moreover, Gpr88 deletion strongly modifies the reward network leading Gpr88-/- mice vulnerable to alcohol intake. This is the first evidence of Gpr88 involvement in reshaping the mouse brain connectome. The concordance between connectivity alterations and behavior deficits posits Gpr88 as a potential target for psychiatric disorders
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Grooms, Joshua Koehler. "Examining the relationship between BOLD fMRI and infraslow EEG signals in the resting human brain." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53957.

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Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is currently at the forefront of research on cognition and the brain’s large-scale organization. Patterns of hemodynamic activity that it records have been strongly linked to certain behaviors and cognitive pathologies. These signals are widely assumed to reflect local neuronal activity but our understanding of the exact relationship between them remains incomplete. Researchers often address this using multimodal approaches, pairing fMRI signals with known measures of neuronal activity such as electroencephalography (EEG). It has long been thought that infraslow (< 0.1 Hz) fMRI signals, which have become so important to the study of brain function, might have a direct electrophysiological counterpart. If true, EEG could be positioned as a low-cost alternative to fMRI when fMRI is impractical and therefore could also become much more influential in the study of functional brain networks. Previous works have produced indirect support for the fMRI-EEG relationship, but until recently the hypothesized link between them had not been tested in resting humans. The objective of this study was to investigate and characterize their relationship by simultaneously recording infraslow fMRI and EEG signals in resting human adults. We present evidence strongly supporting their link by demonstrating significant stationary and dynamic correlations between the two signal types. Moreover, functional brain networks appear to be a fundamental unit of this coupling. We conclude that infraslow electrophysiology is likely playing an important role in the dynamic configuration of the resting state brain networks that are well-known to fMRI research. Our results provide new insights into the neuronal underpinnings of hemodynamic activity and a foundational point on which the use of infraslow EEG in functional connectivity studies can be based.
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Books on the topic "Brain's default mode"

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Papanicolaou, Andrew C. The Default Mode and Other Resting State Networks. Edited by Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.013.003.

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Brain activity during rest, as measured and imaged mainly by fMRI, appears to be due to a number of simultaneously active neuronal networks. The network identified first is the default mode network, which has been used as a marker of conscious awareness in patients with compromised consciousness. In this chapter, the methods of deriving this and other resting networks are outlined, the reliability of each network is assessed, and the question of the functional significance of the default mode network including its relevance to the theory of mind and morality is addressed through a critical appraisal of the relevant literature.
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Ramirez, Dennis. Default Mode Network Dmn: Structural Connectivity, Impairments and Role in Daily Activities (Neuroscience Research Progress). Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2015.

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Northoff, Georg. How Does the Brain’s Spontaneous Activity Generate Our Thoughts? Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.9.

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Recent investigations have demonstrated the psychological features (e.g. cognitive, affective, and social) of task-unrelated thoughts, as well as their underlying neural correlates in spontaneous activity, which cover various networks and regions, including the default-mode and central executive networks. Despite impressive progress in recent research, the mechanisms by means of which the brain’s spontaneous activity generates and constitutes thoughts remain unclear. This chapter suggests that the spatiotemporal structure of the brain’s spontaneous activity can integrate both content- and process-based approaches to task-unrelated or spontaneous thought—this amounts to what is described as the “spatiotemporal theory of task-unrelated thought” (STTT). Based on various lines of empirical evidence, the STTT postulates two main spatiotemporal mechanisms, spatiotemporal integration and extension. The STTT provides a novel brain-based spatiotemporal theory of task-unrelated thought that focuses on the brain’s spontaneous activity, including its spatiotemporal structure, which allows integrating content- and process-based approaches.
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Rubia, Katya. ADHD brain function. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0007.

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ADHD patients appear to have complex multisystem impairments in several cognitive-domain dissociated inferior, dorsolateral, and medial fronto-striato-parietal and frontocerebellar neural networks during inhibition, attention, working memory, and timing functions. There is emerging evidence for abnormalities in motivation and affect control regions, most prominently in ventral striatum, but also orbital/ventromedial frontolimbic areas. Furthermore, there is an immature interrelationship between hypoengaged task-positive cognitive control networks and a poorly ‘switched off’ default mode network, both of which impact performance. Stimulant medication enhances the activation of inferior frontostriatal systems, while atomoxetine appears to have more pronounced effects on the dorsal attention network. More studies are needed to understand the neurofunctional correlates of the effects of age, gender, ADHD subtypes, and comorbidities with other psychiatric conditions. The use of pattern recognition analyses applied to imaging to make individual diagnostic or prognostic predictions are promising and will be the challenge over the next decade.
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Brennan, Brian P., and Scott L. Rauch. Functional Neuroimaging Studies in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Overview and Synthesis. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0021.

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Studies using functional neuroimaging have played a critical role in the current understanding of the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Early studies using positron emission tomography (PET) identified a core cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit that is dysfunctional in OCD. Subsequent studies using behavioral paradigms in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided additional information about the neural substrates underlying specific psychological processes relevant to OCD. More recently, studies utilizing resting state fMRI have identified abnormal functional connectivity within intrinsic brain networks including the default mode and frontoparietal networks in OCD patients. Although these studies, as a whole, clearly substantiate the model of cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit dysfunction in OCD and support the continued investigation of neuromodulatory treatments targeting these brain regions, there is also growing evidence that brain regions outside this core circuit, particularly frontoparietal regions involved in cognitive control processes, may also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of OCD.
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Fox, Kieran C. R. Neural Origins of Self-Generated Thought. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.1.

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has begun to narrow down the neural correlates of self-generated forms of thought, with current evidence pointing toward central roles for the default, frontoparietal, and visual networks. Recent work has linked the arising of thoughts more specifically to default network activity, but the limited temporal resolution of fMRI has precluded more detailed conclusions about where in the brain self-created mental content is generated and how this is achieved. This chapter argues that the unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution of intracranial electrophysiology (iEEG) in human epilepsy patients can begin to provide answers to questions about the specific neural origins of self-generated thought. The chapter reviews the extensive body of literature from iEEG studies over the past few decades and shows that many studies involving passive recording or direct electrical stimulation throughout the brain point to the medial temporal lobe as a key site of thought-generation.
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Soriano-Mas, Carles, and Ben J. Harrison. Brain Functional Connectivity in OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0024.

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This chapter provides an overview of studies assessing alterations in brain functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Although most of the reviewed studies relate to the analysis of resting-state fMRI data, the chapter also reviews studies that have combined resting-state with structural or task-based approaches, as well as task-based studies in which the analysis of functional connectivity was reported. The main conclusions to be drawn from this review are that patients with OCD consistently demonstrate altered patterns of brain functional connectivity in large-scale “frontostriatal” and “default mode” networks, and that the heterogeneity of OCD symptoms is likely to partly arise via distinct modulatory influences on these networks by broader disturbances of affective, motivational, and regulatory systems. The variable nature of some findings across studies as well as the influence of medications on functional connectivity measures is also discussed.
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Stemmer, Brigitte. Neuropragmatics. Edited by Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.003.

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This essay summarizes the findings of studies investigating aspects of linguistic pragmatic behaviour and the brain correlates underlying such behaviour. Although pragmatics is a large field, most brain-oriented studies have focused on specific aspects of linguistic pragmatics such as structural discourse and figurative language. Research indicates that linguistic pragmatic behaviour relies on brain correlates that are routinely activated during word and sentence processing (the default language network). Although no agreement has yet been reached concerning questions such as whether these correlates are qualitatively and/or quantitatively different, whether additional brain areas/networks are implicated, and, if so, what these are, some concrete suggestions have emerged. At a more general level, there is consensus that the classical standard pragmatic model is not supported by most neuroimaging studies and that the right-hemisphere hypothesis on figurative language processing needs revision. The essay ends with some speculations on interpreting pragmatic behaviour within a microgenetic framework.
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Han, Shihui. Neural processes of culturally familiar information. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198743194.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 introduces the concept of cultural learning and its function in the transmission of cultural knowledge over generations, and the construction of new cultural beliefs/values and behavioral scripts. It examines brain activity that is engaged in differential processing of culturally familiar and unfamiliar information by reviewing functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related potential studies of neural activity involved in the processing of gesture, music, brand, and religious knowledge. Long-term cultural experiences give rise to specific neural mechanisms in the human brain that deal with culturally familiar information in multiple neural circuits underlying the inference of mental states and reward, for example. The unique neural mechanisms underlying culturally familiar stimuli provide a default mode of neural processing of culturally familiar information received in daily life.
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Vartanian, Oshin. Internal Orientation in Aesthetic Experience. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.17.

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There is considerable evidence to suggest that aesthetic experiences engage a distributed set of structures in the brain, and likely emerge from the interactions of multiple neural systems. In addition, aside from an external (i.e., object-focused) orientation, aesthetic experiences also involve an internal (i.e., person-focused) orientation. This internal orientation appears to have two dissociable neural components: one component involves the processing of visceral feeling states (i.e., interoception) and primarily engages the insula, whereas the other involves the processing of self-referential, autobiographical, and narrative information, and is represented by activation in the default mode network. Evidence supporting this neural dissociation has provided insights into processes that can lead to deep and moving aesthetic experiences.
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Book chapters on the topic "Brain's default mode"

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Yamanishi, Teruya, Jian-Qin Liu, and Haruhiko Nishimura. "Firing Pattern of Default Mode Brain Network with Spiking Neuron Model." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 629–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32615-8_62.

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Carroll, Joseph. "Imagination, the Brain’s Default Mode Network, and Imaginative Verbal Artifacts." In Evolutionary Perspectives on Imaginative Culture, 31–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46190-4_2.

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Krause-Utz, Annegret, and Christian Schmahl. "Cortical-Limbic and Default-Mode Networks in Borderline Personality Disorder." In Brain Network Dysfunction in Neuropsychiatric Illness, 345–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59797-9_17.

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Ghazanfar, Asif A. "The Default Mode of Primate Vocal Communication and Its Neural Correlates." In Multisensory Object Perception in the Primate Brain, 139–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5615-6_9.

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Koshino, Hideya. "Coactivation of Default Mode Network and Executive Network Regions in the Human Brain." In The Prefrontal Cortex as an Executive, Emotional, and Social Brain, 247–76. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56508-6_13.

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van de Ven, Vincent. "Brain Functioning When the Voices Are Silent: Aberrant Default Modes in Auditory Verbal Hallucinations." In The Neuroscience of Hallucinations, 393–415. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4121-2_21.

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Watanabe, Masataka. "Default Mode of Brain Activity Observed in the Lateral, Medial, and Orbital Prefrontal Cortex in the Monkey." In The Prefrontal Cortex as an Executive, Emotional, and Social Brain, 229–45. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56508-6_12.

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Hopman, Rachel J., Ruth Ann Atchley, Paul Atchley, and David L. Strayer. "How nature helps replenish our depleted cognitive reserves and improves mood by increasing activation of the brain’s default mode network." In Human capacity in the attention economy., 159–87. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000208-008.

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Sharaev, Maksim, Vadim Ushakov, and Boris Velichkovsky. "Causal Interactions Within the Default Mode Network as Revealed by Low-Frequency Brain Fluctuations and Information Transfer Entropy." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 213–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32554-5_27.

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Raichle, Marcus E. "Creativity and the Brain’s Default Mode Network." In Secrets of Creativity, 107–23. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190462321.003.0006.

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It may be surprising to learn that the brain’s intrinsic, ongoing activity is the dominant mode of brain function, present and largely nonconscious whether we are daydreaming, sleeping, or engaged in the full range of human behaviors. Intrinsic activity is easily seen in the ongoing electrical activity of the brain, where extensive averaging is needed to separate evoked activity from intrinsic activity. Reinforcing its dominant role in brain function is the fact that it accounts for well over 90% of the enormous cost of brain function. A productive discussion of creativity must, therefore, take into account the role of intrinsic activity. Fortunately, intrinsic activity is highly organized, a feature highlighted by the recent discovery of the brain’s default mode network (DMN) that serves a dominant role in the overall organization of intrinsic activity. The relationship between the DMN and memory-related structures such as the hippocampus has the hallmark of how an internal model of the environment is built and maintained, which is critical for prediction, imagination, and creativity. More generally the DMN is concerned with our internal mental state (i.e., an egocentric perspective) whereas the networks with which it interacts offer an allocentric perspective. It is at this interface between the egocentric and allocentric perspective that the comfort one has with risk-taking, a necessary component of the creative process, is adjudicated. Exploring the many facets of the DMN’s role in the intrinsic activities of the brain will likely yield new insights into the creative process.
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Conference papers on the topic "Brain's default mode"

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Yamanishi, Teruya, Jian-Qin Liu, and Haruhiko Nishimura. "Beats as the origin of slow fluctuations in the brain's default-mode network." In 2012 Joint 6th Intl. Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS) and 13th Intl. Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scis-isis.2012.6505111.

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Liu, Jian-Qin, Teruya Yamanishi, Haruhiko Nishimura, Hiroaki Umehara, and Sou Nobukawa. "On the filtering mechanism of spontaneous signaling causality of brain's default mode network." In 2012 Joint 6th Intl. Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS) and 13th Intl. Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scis-isis.2012.6505127.

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Yamanishi, Teruya, Jian Qin Liu, and Haruhiko Nishimura. "An Approach to Fluctuations in Default Mode Brain Network from Spiking Neuron Model." In 3rd Annual International Conference on Advanced Topics in Artificial Intelligence. Global Science Technology Forum, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-2179_atai12.11.

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Ramakrishna, J. Siva, and Hariharan Ramasangu. "Functional Connectivity Analysis of Default Mode Network for Healthy and Unhealthy Brains." In 2018 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssci.2018.8628793.

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Yoon, Jae-Geun, and Minji Lee. "Effective Correlates of Motor Imagery Performance based on Default Mode Network in Resting-State." In 2020 8th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bci48061.2020.9061649.

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Yan, Hao, Yonghui Wang, and Jie Tian. "Altered effective connectivity of default model brain network underlying amnestic MCI." In Medical Imaging 2012: Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.910669.

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Ciftci, Koray. "Investigation of the default mode network of the brain during alzheimer's disease by minimum spanning tree." In 2011 IEEE 19th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2011.5929791.

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Chen, Andrew CN. "EEG Default Mode Network in the Human Brain: Spectral Field Power, Coherence Topology, and Current Source Imaging." In 2007 Joint Meeting of the 6th International Symposium on Noninvasive Functional Source Imaging of the Brain and Heart and the International Conference on Functional Biomedical Imaging. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nfsi-icfbi.2007.4387732.

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Ito, Atsushi, Yuko Hiramatsu, Kazutaka Ueda, Yasunari Harada, Haruka Nakayama, Madoka Hasegawa, Miwa Morishita, Mie Sato, Akira Sasaki, and Rochaporn Chansawang. "Development of Tourism Resources Utilizing Healing Effects." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001802.

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This research aims to provide tourism information on the healing effects of forest bathing and power spots in response to the health consciousness of the After Corona and With Corona era. For this purpose, we will elucidate the following questions: "What exactly are the effects of forest bathing, and what brings about the healing effects? Specifically, by collecting and analyzing information that links brain waves and GPS location information, it will be possible to provide pinpoint information on which places and how much of a relaxing effect they have, such as where to go near a waterfall or under a huge tree. We will also elucidate the factors that bring about the relaxation effect and examine the possibility of reproducing the relaxation effect. Based on the results of these studies, we will improve the functions and performance of the Nikko Senjogahara guide application that we have been developing for seven years. Regarding measuring the effects of forest bathing, measuring the amount of cortisol at the beginning and the end of the bath is common. However, in that case, we can know the effects as an area; however, it is not easy to provide pinpoint information on which place and how much relaxation is good, for example, near a waterfall here or there, or under this huge tree. In addition, research on the default mode network, the idle state of the brain, has been progressing in recent years. When relaxing by taking a forest bath and paying attention to the inner world, a state of mind-wandering (thinking about many things in a daze) is created, which is expected to activate the default mode network. As a result, it is expected that memories in various parts of the brain under the conscious mind will be connected, and the brain will be in a state where creativity can be easily exercised. Suppose forest bathing or strolling promotes the activation state of the default mode network. In that case, we can measure the effect by continuously measuring EEG and know if there is any difference depending on the location. Once the location can be identified, it is possible to know which of the five senses of information are effective at that location, whether it is auditory, olfactory, or tactile. From this, we can expect to know the elements, such as the sound of water, wind, leaves rubbing, the scent of the trees, and the spray of wind and water, that bring about the effects of forest bathing. For that purpose, we have been developing a wearable EEG sensor with a startup. From the test on our campus using that EEG sensor, we had an interesting result. For example, α wave was increased around a fountain, and β wave was increased when taking photos. In 2022, we are planning to start collecting and analyzing EEG data and location data in Senjogahara and investigating the relationship between them.
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Ghasemi, Mahdieh, Ali Mahloojifar, and Mojtaba Zarei. "Effect assessment of Parkinson disease on default mode network of the brain with ICA and SCA methods in Resting State FMRI data." In 2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering (MECBME). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecbme.2011.5752056.

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