Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bradford Hill Criteria

Academic literature on the topic 'Bradford Hill Criteria'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bradford Hill Criteria"

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Colebunders, Robert, Alfred K. Njamnshi, Sonia Menon, Charles R. Newton, An Hotterbeekx, Pierre-Marie Preux, Adrian Hopkins, Michel Vaillant, and Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo. "Onchocerca volvulus and epilepsy: A comprehensive review using the Bradford Hill criteria for causation." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): e0008965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008965.

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Background The possibility that onchocerciasis may cause epilepsy has been suggested for a long time, but thus far, an etiological link has not been universally accepted. The objective of this review is to critically appraise the relationship between Onchocerca volvulus and epilepsy and subsequently apply the Bradford Hill criteria to further evaluate the likelihood of a causal association. Methods PubMed and gray literature published until September 15, 2020, were searched and findings from original research were synthesized. Adherence to the 9 Bradford Hill criteria in the context of onchocerciasis and epilepsy was determined to assess whether the criteria are met to strengthen the evidence base for a causal link between infection with O. volvulus and epilepsy, including the nodding syndrome. Results Onchocerciasis as a risk factor for epilepsy meets the following Bradford Hill criteria for causality: strength of the association, consistency, temporality, and biological gradient. There is weaker evidence supporting causality based on the specificity, plausibility, coherence, and analogy criteria. There is little experimental evidence. Considering the Bradford Hill criteria, available data suggest that under certain conditions (high microfilarial load, timing of infection, and perhaps genetic predisposition), onchocerciasis is likely to cause epilepsy including nodding and Nakalanga syndromes. Conclusion Applying the Bradford Hill criteria suggests consistent epidemiological evidence that O. volvulus infection is a trigger of epilepsy. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for seizure induction still need to be elucidated.
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Ulmer, Hans-Volkhart. "Let’s discuss the Criteria of Bradford Hill (1965)." Health Promotion & Physical Activity 15, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9508.

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Davidson, Terence M., and Wendy M. Smith. "The Bradford Hill Criteria and Zinc-Induced Anosmia." Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 136, no. 7 (July 19, 2010): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2010.111.

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Usman, Muhammad, Mukhtiar Ahmad, Yasir Hameed, Hamad Ahmed, Muhammad Safdar Hussain, Jalil Ur Rehman, Rizwan Arshad, and Muhammad Atif. "Identification of correlation between human papillomavirus and prostate cancer: Bradford Hill Criteria Based Evaluation." International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research (IJEHSR) 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v9.i2.2021.248-256.

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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) association has effectively been decoded in prostate cancer (PC) worldwide with controverting conclusions. Though the different groups of researchers explored the potential association of HPV with PC using meta-analysis but it still remains controversial due to the major limitations. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the potential link of HPV with PC using Bradford Hill criteria. Methodology: Initially using PubMed, we extracted studies that associated HPV to PC. Then, to assess the potential association of HPV with PC, an examination of the available data on HPV in PC, normal/benign samples was conducted using all the major Bradford Hill criteria postulates. Furthermore, to improve the authenticity of the present study, we have also critically evaluated the methodologies of the identified studies to check the possibility of false-negative and false-positive results. Results: After a careful assessment of the previous studies against Bradford Hill criteria postulates, we observed that all the major postulates were not fulfilled, including strength, temporality, consistency, plausibility, biological gradient, experiment, specificity, and analogy. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review suggest no casual association of HPV with PC.
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Sanderson, Penelope, Tara McCurdie, and Tobias Grundgeiger. "Interruptions in Health Care: Assessing Their Connection With Error and Patient Harm." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 7 (August 30, 2019): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720819869115.

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Objective: We address the problem of how researchers investigate the actual or potential causal connection between interruptions and medical errors, and whether interventions might reduce the potential for harm. Background: It is widely assumed that interruptions lead to errors and patient harm. However, many reviewers and authors have commented that there is not strong evidence for a causal connection. Method: We introduce a framework of criteria for assessing how strongly evidence implies causality: the so-called Bradford Hill criteria. We then examine four key “metanarratives” of research into interruptions in health care—applied cognitive psychology, epidemiology, quality improvement, and cognitive systems engineering—and assess how each tradition has addressed the causal connection between interruptions and error. Results: Outcomes of applying the Bradford Hill criteria are that the applied cognitive psychology and epidemiology metanarratives address the causal connection relatively directly, whereas the quality improvement metanarrative merely assumes causality, and the cognitive systems engineering metanarrative either implicitly or explicitly questions the feasibility of finding a direct causal connection with harm. Conclusion: The Bradford Hill criteria are useful for evaluating the existing literature on the relationship between interruptions in health care, clinical errors, and the potential for patient harm. In the future, more attention is needed to the issue of why interruptions usually do not lead to harm, and the implications for how we approach patient safety.
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Marshall, Tom. "Bradford-Hill Criteria provide the way ahead for controversial theory." International Journal of Surgery 3, no. 4 (2005): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2005.10.006.

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O'Brien, JM. "Progestogen safety in multiple gestations: application of the Bradford Hill criteria." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 122, no. 5 (January 14, 2015): 610–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.13277.

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Piemonte, Eduardo David, and Jerónimo Lazos. "Evidence for chronic mechanical irritation as a causative factor in oral cancer: application of Bradford Hill criteria." Translational Research in Oral Oncology 3 (January 1, 2018): 2057178X1879103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057178x18791034.

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Chronic mechanical irritation (CMI) of the oral mucosa has been proposed as a risk factor for oral cancer (OC), but the available evidence is limited and controversial. One of the main limitations is the lack of proper criteria to define and classify CMI. The objective of this narrative review is to apply the Bradford Hill causality criteria to assess such an association based on the published literature. The level of evidence is not conclusive, mainly due to methodological shortcomings. Hence, to systematize future CMI research, we recommend the following items should be included: a clear definition for CMI, ascertaining any temporal association, recording all types of CMI: dental, prosthetic, and functional. Finally, it is important to emphasize that studies dealing with risk factors for OC should not only be restricted to established factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and areca nut consumption but should also consider other factors including the patient’s dental condition. In this regard, CMI, tooth loss, periodontal disease, and many others could be included. The causality criteria set out by Bradford Hill could be used for studying different controversial risk factors for OC.
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Fundora, Jennifer B., Pallabi Guha, Darla R. Shores, Mohan Pammi, and Akhil Maheshwari. "Intestinal dysbiosis and necrotizing enterocolitis: assessment for causality using Bradford Hill criteria." Pediatric Research 87, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41390-019-0482-9.

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Cox, Louis Anthony. "Modernizing the Bradford Hill criteria for assessing causal relationships in observational data." Critical Reviews in Toxicology 48, no. 8 (September 14, 2018): 682–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2018.1518404.

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Books on the topic "Bradford Hill Criteria"

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Laureno, Robert. Causation. Edited by Robert Laureno. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607166.003.0011.

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This chapter on “Causation” examines the determination of the causes of neurologic disease. Considered are Koch-Henle postuates and Bradford Hill criteria. When we talk about “cause,” we make a distinction between necessary and sufficient causes, as well as those causes of disease that are neither necessary nor sufficient, that contribute to the development of a disease but cannot by themselves cause the disease. Probabilistic causes show their effects in combination with other probabilistic causes, known and unknown. In the absence of experimental evidence for cause, we rely on observational information. Observational study may be prospective or retrospective (case-control study). The criteria for medicolegal causation in the courtroom and in the clinic differ, and the neurologist asked to determine cause in a court of law must rely on experience, good judgment, and common sense.
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Goodman, Steven N., and Jonathan M. Samet. Causal Inference in Cancer Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0007.

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Judgments about causality are central to the development of interventions intended to reduce exposure to risk factors that cause cancer. Because causation is not directly observable in medicine, scientists and philosophers have had to develop sets of constructs and heuristics that define “cause” operationally. The criteria in this framework, often attributed to the British medical statistician Sir Austin Bradford Hill or to the 1964 Report of the US Surgeon General on tobacco, include consistency, strength of association, specificity, temporality, coherence/plausibility/analogy, biological gradient, and experiment. This chapter reviews these criteria in depth and considers the challenges of applying them to population research on cancer. It discusses the concepts of causation in the context of the multistage nature of cancer, the “counterfactual” notion of causation, the component cause model for understanding diseases with multiple causes, and the “weight of the evidence” approach for integrating information from multiple lines of research.
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Book chapters on the topic "Bradford Hill Criteria"

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Stewart, Robert. "Inference 2: Causation." In Practical Psychiatric Epidemiology, 271–84. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198735564.003.0016.

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Most epidemiological research, beyond the simple descriptive study, is attempting to elucidate a causal relationship. This chapter continues the consideration of causal inference in a broader context, covering the principles of inductivism and refutationism that emerged in seventeenth-century Western philosophy and which have had profound influences on modern science. However, life sciences cannot rely on perfectly controlled experimental conditions and consequently a number of other principles have had to be developed to allow knowledge to accumulate despite uncertainties in hypothesis testing. For epidemiology, these include the principle of consensus (repeated experiments contributing to a ‘verdict of causality’) and the causal criteria outlined by Bradford Hill. Finally, the potential combinations of variables under investigation (causal, confounding, mediation, effect modification) are considered in relation to analysis designs.
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"Assessing Causal Relationships in Genomics: From Bradford-Hill Criteria to Complex Gene-Environment Interactions and Directed Acyclic Graphs." In Specific Gene Expression and Epigenetics, 163–208. Apple Academic Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16680-14.

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Bosch Aparicio, Ernesto. "Elevación de progesterona en fase folicular tardía. Causas y consecuencias." In La progesterona en reproducción asistida, 57–65. OmniaScience, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/oms.405.05.

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Aunque el impacto de niveles elevados de P sérica en la fase folicular tardía sobre el resultado del ciclo de FIV ha sido extensamente descrito, su determinación no está completamente extendida en la práctica clínica. De hecho, algunos autores afirman que no está justificada. En el presente capítulo, se presenta un abordaje diferente del análisis de la relación causa-efecto entre estos dos eventos para demostrar que, efectivamente, el aumento de los niveles de P en la fase folicular tardía da lugar a una disminución de las posibilidades de gestación cuando se realiza una transferencia embrionaria en fresco. A través de los 9 criterios de causalidad de Bradford-Hill, se analiza y demuestra dicha relación de causalidad. Adicionalmente, se presentan los detalles de un estudio que analiza la influencia del tipo de gonadotropina sobre los niveles de P en la fase folicular tardía.
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